Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103282
Jiacheng Zhang , Fred Bissih , Beiping Tan , Shuang Zhang , Qihui Yang , Xiaohui Dong , Shuyan Chi
In this experiment, the primary intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) inflammation model was constructed to investigate the intestinal injury mechanism under high level addition of plant-derived proteins in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂), and citric acid (CA) addition was used to investigate the protective effect in the primary IECs inflammation model. The vitro experiment was fed 30 fishes to three replicates of each group for 8 weeks. In the inflammation model of IECs, the addition of CA (1 mM) remarkably enhanced cell survival, and significantly reduced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β (P < 0.05). CA activated phosphorylation of S6K and 4EBP-1 in the mTOR pathway and promoted the protein expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, E-cadherin, occludin and claudin-1) (P < 0.05). The supplementation of CA in the diet also could improve the expression of tight junction in intestine of hybrid grouper (P < 0.05). CA attenuated the protein expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) in inflammation models by regulating ERK and NF-κB pathways (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that citric acid enhances cell survival, strengthens the intestinal tight junction barrier and enhances intestinal immune function in the LPS-stimulated inflammatory model of IECs. Citric acid could serve as an effective means to counteract growth inhibition and reduced digestibility caused by high proportions of plant protein in fish feed.
本实验通过构建杂交石斑鱼（Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀× E. lanceolatus♂）原代肠上皮细胞（IECs）炎症模型，探讨高水平添加植物源性蛋白对杂交石斑鱼（Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀× E. lanceolatus♂）肠道损伤机制，并通过添加柠檬酸（CA）研究其对原代IECs炎症模型的保护作用。体外试验投喂30尾鱼，每组3个重复，饲喂8周。在IECs炎症模型中，CA（1 mM）的加入显著提高了IECs的细胞存活率，并显著降低炎症因子TNF-α和IL-1β的分泌（P <； 0.05）。CA激活mTOR通路中S6K和4EBP-1的磷酸化，促进紧密连接蛋白（ZO-1、E-cadherin、occludin和claudin-1）的蛋白表达（P <； 0.05）。饲料中添加CA还能提高杂交石斑鱼肠道紧密结的表达（P <； 0.05）。CA通过调节ERK和NF-κB通路，降低炎症模型中炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的蛋白表达（P <； 0.05）。上述结果提示，在lps刺激的IECs炎症模型中，柠檬酸可提高细胞存活率，增强肠道紧密连接屏障，增强肠道免疫功能。柠檬酸可以有效地解决饲料中植物蛋白含量过高所引起的生长抑制和消化率降低问题。
{"title":"Citric acid could strengthen the intestinal tight junction barrier and improve intestinal immune function in vivo and vitro experiments of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂)","authors":"Jiacheng Zhang , Fred Bissih , Beiping Tan , Shuang Zhang , Qihui Yang , Xiaohui Dong , Shuyan Chi","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this experiment, the primary intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) inflammation model was constructed to investigate the intestinal injury mechanism under high level addition of plant-derived proteins in hybrid grouper (<em>Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂</em>), and citric acid (CA) addition was used to investigate the protective effect in the primary IECs inflammation model. The vitro experiment was fed 30 fishes to three replicates of each group for 8 weeks. In the inflammation model of IECs, the addition of CA (1 mM) remarkably enhanced cell survival, and significantly reduced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β (<em>P</em> < 0.05). CA activated phosphorylation of S6K and 4EBP-1 in the mTOR pathway and promoted the protein expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, E-cadherin, occludin and claudin-1) (<em>P</em> < 0.05). The supplementation of CA in the diet also could improve the expression of tight junction in intestine of hybrid grouper (<em>P</em> < 0.05). CA attenuated the protein expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) in inflammation models by regulating ERK and NF-κB pathways (<em>P</em> < 0.05). These findings suggest that citric acid enhances cell survival, strengthens the intestinal tight junction barrier and enhances intestinal immune function in the LPS-stimulated inflammatory model of IECs. Citric acid could serve as an effective means to counteract growth inhibition and reduced digestibility caused by high proportions of plant protein in fish feed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103290
Hongyan Tao , Yong Xie , Mao Li , Yuheng Song , Chongjiang Hu , Deshou Wang , Shuqing Zheng
Chinese longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris), endemic to the Yangtze River in China, faces germplasm depletion due to poor larval survival and growth during seedling cultivation, exacerbated by limited understanding of weaning at the molecular level. Here, the results of growth performance and digestive enzyme activity showed that live prey, such as Limnodilus spp. and Artemia nauplii was the most suitable food for first feeding. Notably, larvae fed Limnodilus spp. for more than five days could undergo sex reversal, opening up scientific avenues for the cultivation of YY supermale and all-male progeny production. For weaning, a combined feeding of live prey and microbound diet for five days was found to be more conducive. RNA-seq analysis of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) during weaning (pre-weaning, mid-weaning and post-weaning) identified 3728 differentially expressed genes enriched in protein digestion and absorption, cholesterol metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and NF-kappa B signaling pathways. Furthermore, the expression patterns of appetite-regulating genes varied during weaning, with the appetite-suppressing gene cck prominently expressed during the mid-weaning and appetite-stimulating genes npy and agrp significantly upregulated during the post-weaning. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed the establishment of a stable core microbial community in the GIT during weaning, with increasing richness and diversity as the weaning progressed, dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Firmicutes. In conclusion, this study contributed to improving early survival and growth performance of L. longirostris and provided valuable insights into the effects of weaning on body metabolism and intestinal microbial community in farmed carnivorous fish.
{"title":"Multi-omics analysis on the effect of weaning on larval rearing in Chinese longsnout catfish","authors":"Hongyan Tao , Yong Xie , Mao Li , Yuheng Song , Chongjiang Hu , Deshou Wang , Shuqing Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chinese longsnout catfish (<em>Leiocassis longirostris</em>), endemic to the Yangtze River in China, faces germplasm depletion due to poor larval survival and growth during seedling cultivation, exacerbated by limited understanding of weaning at the molecular level. Here, the results of growth performance and digestive enzyme activity showed that live prey, such as <em>Limnodilus</em> spp. and <em>Artemia</em> nauplii was the most suitable food for first feeding. Notably, larvae fed <em>Limnodilus</em> spp. for more than five days could undergo sex reversal, opening up scientific avenues for the cultivation of YY supermale and all-male progeny production. For weaning, a combined feeding of live prey and microbound diet for five days was found to be more conducive. RNA-seq analysis of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) during weaning (pre-weaning, mid-weaning and post-weaning) identified 3728 differentially expressed genes enriched in protein digestion and absorption, cholesterol metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and NF-kappa B signaling pathways. Furthermore, the expression patterns of appetite-regulating genes varied during weaning, with the appetite-suppressing gene <em>cck</em> prominently expressed during the mid-weaning and appetite-stimulating genes <em>npy</em> and <em>agrp</em> significantly upregulated during the post-weaning. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed the establishment of a stable core microbial community in the GIT during weaning, with increasing richness and diversity as the weaning progressed, dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Firmicutes. In conclusion, this study contributed to improving early survival and growth performance of <em>L. longirostris</em> and provided valuable insights into the effects of weaning on body metabolism and intestinal microbial community in farmed carnivorous fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103276
Haijuan Dai , Yueping Chen , Yonghua Hu , Qingxi Han , Weiwei Zhang
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play crucial roles in various biological processes, including wound healing, inflammation, and immune defense, with MMP19 being one of the key members. In this study, one mmp19 gene from cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis was cloned. The open reading frame (ORF) of mmp19 is 1404 bp in length, encoding a predicted protein of 467 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 52.73 kDa. The recombinant MMP19 (rMMP19) was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The optimal temperature and pH for rMMP19 enzyme activity were approximately 40 °C and pH 9.0, respectively. Moreover, rMMP19 exhibited significant collagenase activity using the collagen of S. pharaonis as substrate. Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR result showed that the mRNA level of MMP19 in the digestive gland of S. pharaonis was significantly upregulated upon stimulation with pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus H1, whereas it was markedly downregulated when exposed to the ColA-deficient mutant strain (ΔcolA). Furthermore, molecular docking and enzyme activity assays were combined to screen inhibitors of the collagenase activities of MMP19 and ColA. The results demonstrated that curcumin, palmatine hydrochloride, and riboflavin showed significantly inhibitory effects on the enzyme activities of both MMP19 and ColA. These findings suggest that the pathogen V. alginolyticus could upregulate the expression of host MMP19 that accelerates the onset and progression of skin ulceration syndrome in S. pharaonis by degrading skin collagen.
{"title":"Molecular and enzymatic characterization of MMP19 in cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis: Insights into its role in Vibrio-induced skin ulceration","authors":"Haijuan Dai , Yueping Chen , Yonghua Hu , Qingxi Han , Weiwei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play crucial roles in various biological processes, including wound healing, inflammation, and immune defense, with MMP19 being one of the key members. In this study, one <em>mmp19</em> gene from cuttlefish <em>Sepia pharaonis</em> was cloned. The open reading frame (ORF) of <em>mmp19</em> is 1404 bp in length, encoding a predicted protein of 467 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 52.73 kDa. The recombinant MMP19 (rMMP19) was expressed in <em>Escherichia coli</em> BL21(DE3) and purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The optimal temperature and pH for rMMP19 enzyme activity were approximately 40 °C and pH 9.0, respectively. Moreover, rMMP19 exhibited significant collagenase activity using the collagen of <em>S. pharaonis</em> as substrate. Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR result showed that the mRNA level of MMP19 in the digestive gland of <em>S. pharaonis</em> was significantly upregulated upon stimulation with pathogen <em>Vibrio alginolyticus</em> H1, whereas it was markedly downregulated when exposed to the ColA-deficient mutant strain (Δ<em>colA</em>). Furthermore, molecular docking and enzyme activity assays were combined to screen inhibitors of the collagenase activities of MMP19 and ColA. The results demonstrated that curcumin, palmatine hydrochloride, and riboflavin showed significantly inhibitory effects on the enzyme activities of both MMP19 and ColA. These findings suggest that the pathogen <em>V. alginolyticus</em> could upregulate the expression of host MMP19 that accelerates the onset and progression of skin ulceration syndrome in <em>S. pharaonis</em> by degrading skin collagen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103273
Celestine Terence , Zhi Weng Josiah Poon , Saengchan Senapin , Ha Thanh Dong , Shannon M. Clarke , Rudiger Brauning , Ken G. Dodds , Nguyen Thanh Vu , Xueyan Shen , Susan Gibson-Kueh , Dean R. Jerry , Jose A. Domingos
Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) is widely employed in aquaculture selective breeding programs to acquire SNP genotypes for various applications, including pedigree reconstruction, GWAS, and in the estimation of genetic parameters, genomic relationships and breeding values. Because sequencing libraries encompass all DNA present in fin-clip tissue, they also recover the non-host metagenomic fraction, including pathogens. We leveraged this property to survey for the presence of scale-drop disease virus (SDDV), responsible for 40–90 % mortality in farmed barramundi, while simultaneously genotyping the host. Raw reads from 4484 fish of four commercial cohorts (2239 moribund, 2245 asymptomatic) were aligned to the SDDV reference genome, and viral reads were normalised as reads per million (RPM) per individual. SDDV prevalence and load were tightly associated with clinical status: 88.9 % of moribund fish carried SDDV at 21.8 ± 0.6 RPM, whereas only 0.2 % of healthy fish were positive with 0.002 ± 0.001 RPM. Independent validation by quantitative PCR on fin and spleen from a nested subset of 172 fish (81 moribund, 91 healthy) yielded viral copy numbers strongly correlated with ddRADseq RPM (Spearman’s ρ = 0.84 for fin; ρ = 0.76 for spleen; both P < 0.0001). Viral load was consistently higher in fin (mean 281 ± 45 copies ng⁻¹ DNA) than spleen (147 ± 32 copies ng⁻¹), corroborating the suitability of non-lethal fin tissue for surveillance. Prevalence and load distributions were homogeneous across cohorts, and no qPCR-positive individuals escaped detection by ddRADseq. These findings show that routine ddRADseq datasets in barramundi can also be repurposed into a sensitive epidemiological assay that unites SDDV monitoring with genomic improvement. Further, these findings suggest that breeding programs generating large ddRADseq GBS datasets may also serve pathogen surveillance purposes where the target pathogen infects the host genotyped tissue.
{"title":"Beyond genotyping: Using ddRADseq GBS for pathogen surveillance in aquaculture – A case study in Barramundi (Lates calcarifer)","authors":"Celestine Terence , Zhi Weng Josiah Poon , Saengchan Senapin , Ha Thanh Dong , Shannon M. Clarke , Rudiger Brauning , Ken G. Dodds , Nguyen Thanh Vu , Xueyan Shen , Susan Gibson-Kueh , Dean R. Jerry , Jose A. Domingos","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) is widely employed in aquaculture selective breeding programs to acquire SNP genotypes for various applications, including pedigree reconstruction, GWAS, and in the estimation of genetic parameters, genomic relationships and breeding values. Because sequencing libraries encompass all DNA present in fin-clip tissue, they also recover the non-host metagenomic fraction, including pathogens. We leveraged this property to survey for the presence of scale-drop disease virus (SDDV), responsible for 40–90 % mortality in farmed barramundi, while simultaneously genotyping the host. Raw reads from 4484 fish of four commercial cohorts (2239 moribund, 2245 asymptomatic) were aligned to the SDDV reference genome, and viral reads were normalised as reads per million (RPM) per individual. SDDV prevalence and load were tightly associated with clinical status: 88.9 % of moribund fish carried SDDV at 21.8 ± 0.6 RPM, whereas only 0.2 % of healthy fish were positive with 0.002 ± 0.001 RPM. Independent validation by quantitative PCR on fin and spleen from a nested subset of 172 fish (81 moribund, 91 healthy) yielded viral copy numbers strongly correlated with ddRADseq RPM (Spearman’s ρ = 0.84 for fin; ρ = 0.76 for spleen; both P < 0.0001). Viral load was consistently higher in fin (mean 281 ± 45 copies ng⁻¹ DNA) than spleen (147 ± 32 copies ng⁻¹), corroborating the suitability of non-lethal fin tissue for surveillance. Prevalence and load distributions were homogeneous across cohorts, and no qPCR-positive individuals escaped detection by ddRADseq. These findings show that routine ddRADseq datasets in barramundi can also be repurposed into a sensitive epidemiological assay that unites SDDV monitoring with genomic improvement. Further, these findings suggest that breeding programs generating large ddRADseq GBS datasets may also serve pathogen surveillance purposes where the target pathogen infects the host genotyped tissue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103273"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103261
Quyen Q.T. Banh , Jarrod L. Guppy , Julian R. Wilson , Jose A. Domingos , Dean R. Jerry
Barramundi, Lates calcarifer, are protandrous hermaphrodites, maturing and reproducing first as males before naturally changing sex into females several years later. This male-to-female development provides an excellent model for investigating the genetic mechanism underlying natural sex change in fish, and in aquaculture manipulating this process is key to control reproduction and enhance seedstock production. Exogenous hormones and aromatase inhibitors have been used to obtain control of sex in a range of fish. Fadrozole (FAD) is a non-steroidal inhibitor that reduces biosynthesis of estrogenic hormones, however its use has yet to be tested in barramundi. In this study, 15-month-old male barramundi (2102 ± 126 g) were divided into four treatments and either implanted with i) 17β-estradiol (E2) at 8 mg kg−1, ii) FAD at 8 mg kg−1, iii) 8 mg E2 and 8 mg FAD kg−1 together, or iv) implanted with cholesterol pellets (controls). After nine weeks, gonadal phenotype was examined histologically and the expression of sex-related genes were quantified by qPCR. All fish with E2 only implants had sex-changed into females, with significantly higher cyp19a1a and foxl2 expression and lower dmrt1, cyp11b and esr1 expression than control fish. All fish treated with FAD only remained male, and expression of male genes (dmrt1 and cyp11b) were significantly upregulated, whilst the female-biased gene foxl2 was downregulated. Combined FAD and E2 treatment resulted in 42 % of fish remaining male, 42 % becoming female and 16 % that were transitional, with each individuals gene expression patterns reflecting their gonadal phenotype. These results show FAD can impede the feminizing effects of E2 in some individuals, indicating potential for holding barramundi as male for longer before they sex-change. These findings highlight utility of E2 and FAD as tools for modulating sex change in barramundi and inform strategies for improved reproductive control in aquaculture breeding programs.
{"title":"Implantation of aromatase inhibitor fadrozole and 17β-estradiol antagonistically affect gonad development in the protandrous barramundi (Lates calcarifer)","authors":"Quyen Q.T. Banh , Jarrod L. Guppy , Julian R. Wilson , Jose A. Domingos , Dean R. Jerry","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Barramundi, <em>Lates calcarifer</em>, are protandrous hermaphrodites, maturing and reproducing first as males before naturally changing sex into females several years later. This male-to-female development provides an excellent model for investigating the genetic mechanism underlying natural sex change in fish, and in aquaculture manipulating this process is key to control reproduction and enhance seedstock production. Exogenous hormones and aromatase inhibitors have been used to obtain control of sex in a range of fish. Fadrozole (FAD) is a non-steroidal inhibitor that reduces biosynthesis of estrogenic hormones, however its use has yet to be tested in barramundi. In this study, 15-month-old male barramundi (2102 ± 126 g) were divided into four treatments and either implanted with i) 17β-estradiol (E2) at 8 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, ii) FAD at 8 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, iii) 8 mg E2 and 8 mg FAD kg<sup>−1</sup> together, or iv) implanted with cholesterol pellets (controls). After nine weeks, gonadal phenotype was examined histologically and the expression of sex-related genes were quantified by qPCR. All fish with E2 only implants had sex-changed into females, with significantly higher <em>cyp19a1a</em> and <em>foxl2</em> expression and lower <em>dmrt1</em>, <em>cyp11b</em> and <em>esr1</em> expression than control fish. All fish treated with FAD only remained male, and expression of male genes (<em>dmrt1</em> and <em>cyp11b</em>) were significantly upregulated, whilst the female-biased gene foxl2 was downregulated. Combined FAD and E2 treatment resulted in 42 % of fish remaining male, 42 % becoming female and 16 % that were transitional, with each individuals gene expression patterns reflecting their gonadal phenotype. These results show FAD can impede the feminizing effects of E2 in some individuals, indicating potential for holding barramundi as male for longer before they sex-change. These findings highlight utility of E2 and FAD as tools for modulating sex change in barramundi and inform strategies for improved reproductive control in aquaculture breeding programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103261"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103277
Pengfei Liao , Qi Xu , Zhihui Xiao , Yingjuan Xie , Fa Dai , Jian Ye , Weifen Li , Chaonan Zhang , Xiaodong Zhang
Enteric redmouth disease (ERM) is a severe hemorrhagic bacterial infection that causes high mortality in kinds of fish. We isolated a dominant strain from diseased crucian carp, identified as Yersinia ruckeri, a member of Enterobacteriaceae, and confirmed this strain as the causative agent of the disease outbreak through morphological observation, histopathological examination, molecular diagnostic analyses and artificial infection. The results indicated that the isolated bacteria strain Yersinia ruckeri designated as QDH202303 (GenBank: CP177154) exhibited significant pathogenicity in crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and was the the primary cause of the disease outbreak. The LD50 value of Y. ruckeri was calculated as 3.3 × 104 CFU/fish. In the antibiotic susceptibility assay, the bacterial strain QDH202303 was resistant to 32 common antibiotics except polymyxin B, which showed broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance. Through whole-genome sequencing and sequence analysis, 7 resistance genes, 697 virulence factors were identified, which were associated with pathogenicity and broad-spectrum drug resistance. What's more, 13 genomic islands were identified, and three of them were related to the Type III secretion system, flagella, and yhlBA respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Y. ruckeri being identified as the causative agent of ERM disease in crucian carp. This study would provide valuable insights for the prevention and management of ERM diseases in aquaculture.
{"title":"Biological characterization and genome analysis of pathogenic Yersinia ruckeri causing enteric redmouth disease (ERM) in crucian carp (Carassius carassius)","authors":"Pengfei Liao , Qi Xu , Zhihui Xiao , Yingjuan Xie , Fa Dai , Jian Ye , Weifen Li , Chaonan Zhang , Xiaodong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enteric redmouth disease (ERM) is a severe hemorrhagic bacterial infection that causes high mortality in kinds of fish. We isolated a dominant strain from diseased crucian carp, identified as <em>Yersinia ruckeri</em>, a member of Enterobacteriaceae, and confirmed this strain as the causative agent of the disease outbreak through morphological observation, histopathological examination, molecular diagnostic analyses and artificial infection. The results indicated that the isolated bacteria strain <em>Yersinia ruckeri</em> designated as QDH202303 (GenBank: CP177154) exhibited significant pathogenicity in crucian carp (<em>Carassius carassius</em>) and was the the primary cause of the disease outbreak. The LD50 value of <em>Y. ruckeri</em> was calculated as 3.3 × 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/fish. In the antibiotic susceptibility assay, the bacterial strain QDH202303 was resistant to 32 common antibiotics except polymyxin B, which showed broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance. Through whole-genome sequencing and sequence analysis, 7 resistance genes, 697 virulence factors were identified, which were associated with pathogenicity and broad-spectrum drug resistance. What's more, 13 genomic islands were identified, and three of them were related to the Type III secretion system, flagella, and <em>yhlBA</em> respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of <em>Y. ruckeri</em> being identified as the causative agent of ERM disease in crucian carp. This study would provide valuable insights for the prevention and management of ERM diseases in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103275
Jun-Qing Ge, Jin-Xian Yang, Qiang Chen
Eels (Anguilla spp.) possess considerable economic value worldwide due to their favorable taste and nutritional benefits. However, the eel aquaculture industry is confronted with substantial challenges from viral diseases. Among these, Anguillid herpesvirus (AngHV) is identified as one of the most harmful and influential viruses, leading to high mortality rates in eel populations, thereby resulting in considerable losses for cultivated eel populations and contributing to the decline of wild eel stocks. The virus was first isolated in the 1980s, and despite extensive research efforts; however, to date, no commercial vaccines or antiviral agents have been developed. This review aims to summarize the advancements in AngHV research, encompassing advances in understanding its etiology, pathogenicity, diagnostic methodologies, preventive measures, control strategies, and prospective research directions. The objective is to deepen understanding of the virus and facilitate the development of effective strategies for the prevention and control management of AngHV infections in eel aquaculture.
{"title":"Anguillid herpesvirus: Current knowledge and future perspectives","authors":"Jun-Qing Ge, Jin-Xian Yang, Qiang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eels (<em>Anguilla spp.</em>) possess considerable economic value worldwide due to their favorable taste and nutritional benefits. However, the eel aquaculture industry is confronted with substantial challenges from viral diseases. Among these, Anguillid herpesvirus (AngHV) is identified as one of the most harmful and influential viruses, leading to high mortality rates in eel populations, thereby resulting in considerable losses for cultivated eel populations and contributing to the decline of wild eel stocks. The virus was first isolated in the 1980s, and despite extensive research efforts; however, to date, no commercial vaccines or antiviral agents have been developed. This review aims to summarize the advancements in AngHV research, encompassing advances in understanding its etiology, pathogenicity, diagnostic methodologies, preventive measures, control strategies, and prospective research directions. The objective is to deepen understanding of the virus and facilitate the development of effective strategies for the prevention and control management of AngHV infections in eel aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103275"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103270
Edison Barbieri, Marcelo Barbosa Henriques
Nitrite (NO₂⁻) is a toxic nitrogenous compound in aquaculture systems, particularly in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) operating at high densities, where its accumulation may cause severe physiological disorders in fish. This study evaluated the acute toxicity (LC₅₀) of nitrite and its sublethal effects on hematological parameters, oxygen consumption, and ammonia excretion in adults of Astyanax lacustris (yellowtail tetra fish), widely used as live bait in recreational fishing. Experiments were performed at three temperatures (20°C, 25°C, and 30°C). Nitrite toxicity increased significantly with both exposure time and temperature. After 96 h, LC₅₀ values decreased from 5.17 mg L⁻¹ at 20°C to 2.47 mg L⁻¹ at 30°C, indicating enhanced thermal sensitivity. Sublethal exposure promoted reductions in erythrocyte count and hemoglobin levels, consistent with hemolytic anemia, while plasma glucose levels increased, suggesting activation of stress responses. Metabolic effects included significant, temperature-dependent increases in oxygen consumption (up to 223.2 % at 30°C and 20 mg L⁻¹ nitrite) and ammonia excretion (up to 147.05 % at 25°C and 20 mg L⁻¹ nitrite), demonstrating a synergistic interaction between nitrite and elevated temperature. These results emphasize the importance of controlling both nitrite levels and water temperature in aquaculture systems, especially for species managed as live bait. Optimizing transport and holding conditions for A. lacustris requires monitoring of thermal regimes and nitrogenous waste accumulation, as their interaction intensifies physiological stress. Overall, this study provides practical guidelines to reduce mortality, improve animal welfare in the live bait trade, and support precise water quality management strategies in tropical aquaculture.
亚硝酸盐（NO₂⁻）是一种有毒的含氮化合物，存在于水产养殖系统中，特别是在高密度的循环水养殖系统（RAS）中，它的积累可能会导致鱼类严重的生理失调。本研究评估了亚硝酸盐的急性毒性（LC₅0）及其对成年Astyanax lacustris（黄尾利乐鱼）血液学参数，氧气消耗和氨排泄的亚致死影响，该鱼广泛用作休闲钓鱼的活饵。实验在20°C、25°C和30°C三种温度下进行。亚硝酸盐的毒性随暴露时间和温度的增加而显著增加。96 h后，LC₅₀值从20°C时的5.17 mg L⁻¹ 下降到30°C时的2.47 mg L⁻¹ ，表明热敏性增强。亚致死暴露导致红细胞计数和血红蛋白水平降低，与溶血性贫血一致，而血浆葡萄糖水平升高，表明应激反应被激活。代谢作用包括显著的、温度依赖性的耗氧量增加（在30°C时高达223.2 %,20 mg L -⁻（亚硝酸盐））和氨排泄增加（在25°C时高达147.05 %,20 mg L -⁻（亚硝酸盐）），证明了亚硝酸盐和高温之间的协同作用。这些结果强调了在水产养殖系统中控制亚硝酸盐水平和水温的重要性，特别是对作为活饵料管理的鱼种。优化湖泊草的运输和保存条件需要监测热状态和氮废物积累，因为它们的相互作用加剧了生理应激。总体而言，本研究为降低死亡率、改善活体饵料贸易中的动物福利以及支持热带水产养殖的精确水质管理策略提供了实用指南。
{"title":"Nitrite toxicity in yellowtail tetra fish, Astyanax lacustris, at different temperature levels","authors":"Edison Barbieri, Marcelo Barbosa Henriques","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrite (NO₂⁻) is a toxic nitrogenous compound in aquaculture systems, particularly in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) operating at high densities, where its accumulation may cause severe physiological disorders in fish. This study evaluated the acute toxicity (LC₅₀) of nitrite and its sublethal effects on hematological parameters, oxygen consumption, and ammonia excretion in adults of <em>Astyanax lacustris</em> (yellowtail tetra fish), widely used as live bait in recreational fishing. Experiments were performed at three temperatures (20°C, 25°C, and 30°C). Nitrite toxicity increased significantly with both exposure time and temperature. After 96 h, LC₅₀ values decreased from 5.17 mg L⁻¹ at 20°C to 2.47 mg L⁻¹ at 30°C, indicating enhanced thermal sensitivity. Sublethal exposure promoted reductions in erythrocyte count and hemoglobin levels, consistent with hemolytic anemia, while plasma glucose levels increased, suggesting activation of stress responses. Metabolic effects included significant, temperature-dependent increases in oxygen consumption (up to 223.2 % at 30°C and 20 mg L⁻¹ nitrite) and ammonia excretion (up to 147.05 % at 25°C and 20 mg L⁻¹ nitrite), demonstrating a synergistic interaction between nitrite and elevated temperature. These results emphasize the importance of controlling both nitrite levels and water temperature in aquaculture systems, especially for species managed as live bait. Optimizing transport and holding conditions for <em>A. lacustris</em> requires monitoring of thermal regimes and nitrogenous waste accumulation, as their interaction intensifies physiological stress. Overall, this study provides practical guidelines to reduce mortality, improve animal welfare in the live bait trade, and support precise water quality management strategies in tropical aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103270"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103272
Yakun Wang , Kunhao Hong , Jie Wei , Qiaoyan Zhou , Yayi Huang , Zikang Tu , Tianhui Jiao , Sikai Xu , Lingyun Yu
Photoperiod is a key environmental factor influencing the growth of crustaceans; however, its specific effects and underlying mechanisms on the early growth and molting of juvenile Macrobrachium rosenbergii remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of different photoperiods on early growth, molting, and hepatopancreatic metabolism. The results showed that survival rate, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate were significantly higher in the L24:D0 group compared with the L12:D12 and L0:D24 groups. Furthermore, as the duration of light exposure increased, hemolymph levels of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) also increased significantly (P < 0.05). The expression levels of genes including CHH, ECR, HSP70, MIH, and KRLF were significantly higher in the L24:D0 group than in the other two groups (P < 0.05). Under this condition, 20E content showed a significant positive correlation with RXR and CAN expression levels. Non-targeted metabolomic analysis revealed differential enrichment of ABC transporters, nucleotide metabolism, and the FoxO signaling pathway among treatments. Lipid molecules such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine—key metabolites in the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway—exhibited enhanced metabolism under long photoperiods. These metabolites interacted with one another while simultaneously participating in cellular autophagy, sugar metabolism, and other processes. Mantel test results indicated that juvenile shrimp growth performance and photoperiod were significantly positively correlated with phosphatidylinositol metabolite levels (P < 0.05). These findings provide a solid foundation for elucidating the photoperiod-regulated molting mechanism and for improving the management efficiency of factory-scale aquaculture of M. rosenbergii.
{"title":"Integrated morphological, histological, physiological, and metabolomic analyses reveal the role of photoperiod in regulating the growth and molting of juvenile Macrobrachium rosenbergii","authors":"Yakun Wang , Kunhao Hong , Jie Wei , Qiaoyan Zhou , Yayi Huang , Zikang Tu , Tianhui Jiao , Sikai Xu , Lingyun Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photoperiod is a key environmental factor influencing the growth of crustaceans; however, its specific effects and underlying mechanisms on the early growth and molting of juvenile <em>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</em> remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of different photoperiods on early growth, molting, and hepatopancreatic metabolism. The results showed that survival rate, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate were significantly higher in the L24:D0 group compared with the L12:D12 and L0:D24 groups. Furthermore, as the duration of light exposure increased, hemolymph levels of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20<em>E</em>) and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) also increased significantly (<em>P</em> < 0.05). The expression levels of genes including <em>CHH</em>, <em>ECR</em>, <em>HSP70</em>, <em>MIH</em>, and <em>KRLF</em> were significantly higher in the L24:D0 group than in the other two groups (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Under this condition, 20E content showed a significant positive correlation with <em>RXR</em> and <em>CAN</em> expression levels. Non-targeted metabolomic analysis revealed differential enrichment of ABC transporters, nucleotide metabolism, and the FoxO signaling pathway among treatments. Lipid molecules such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine—key metabolites in the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway—exhibited enhanced metabolism under long photoperiods. These metabolites interacted with one another while simultaneously participating in cellular autophagy, sugar metabolism, and other processes. Mantel test results indicated that juvenile shrimp growth performance and photoperiod were significantly positively correlated with phosphatidylinositol metabolite levels (<em>P</em> < 0.05). These findings provide a solid foundation for elucidating the photoperiod-regulated molting mechanism and for improving the management efficiency of factory-scale aquaculture of <em>M. rosenbergii</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103272"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103274
Yiming Li , Yucong Ye , Ziwen Tang , Zihan Zhou , Zongli Yao , Pengcheng Gao , Yunlong Zhao , Qifang Lai
Rising pH in culture water has become an increasingly prominent problem in high-density aquaculture systems. Researchers have found that an increase in pH level can affect the molting process of prawns. However, studies of the effects of different pH environments on the molting and calcium absorption of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) are relatively scarce. The goals of this study were to explore the effects of different pH levels on the molting, calcium absorption, ion regulation, and hormone changes of this species. The results showed that high pH (9.0–9.25) significantly reduced shrimp survival, with the highest mortality observed at pH 9.25. At high pH levels, the calcium ion concentrations in hemolymph, gills, and midgut decreased and showed tissue specificity. Scanning electron microscopy results indicated that high pH damaged the shrimp shells and reduced their thickness. Energy dispersive spectroscopy further revealed that the calcium content in the shells decreased under high pH conditions. Additionally, the ion content and related ion enzyme activities decreased at high pH. The assessment of carbohydrate metabolism-related hormones showed that high pH caused an increase in thyroid-releasing hormone, while the concentrations of corticotropin-releasing hormone and insulin 2 were significantly reduced. Expression levels of genes related to molting (e.g., chitin synthase, chitinase 5, ecdysteroid receptor, retinoid X receptor, and calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase I) were significantly downregulated, while the expression of molt-inhibiting hormone was upregulated. In summary, we found that high pH values affect calcium absorption, ion balance, hormone regulation, and molting processes in shrimp through multiple physiological and molecular pathways. These findings provide a theoretical explanation for the changes in molting and calcium ion regulation caused by high pH in high-density shrimp farming, and they provide important references for subsequent calcium supplementation measures in shrimp aquaculture, for example by supplementing soluble calcium salts to enhance exoskeleton mineralization.
{"title":"Effects of high pH on molting and calcium absorption of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)","authors":"Yiming Li , Yucong Ye , Ziwen Tang , Zihan Zhou , Zongli Yao , Pengcheng Gao , Yunlong Zhao , Qifang Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rising pH in culture water has become an increasingly prominent problem in high-density aquaculture systems. Researchers have found that an increase in pH level can affect the molting process of prawns. However, studies of the effects of different pH environments on the molting and calcium absorption of Pacific white shrimp (<em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>) are relatively scarce. The goals of this study were to explore the effects of different pH levels on the molting, calcium absorption, ion regulation, and hormone changes of this species. The results showed that high pH (9.0–9.25) significantly reduced shrimp survival, with the highest mortality observed at pH 9.25. At high pH levels, the calcium ion concentrations in hemolymph, gills, and midgut decreased and showed tissue specificity. Scanning electron microscopy results indicated that high pH damaged the shrimp shells and reduced their thickness. Energy dispersive spectroscopy further revealed that the calcium content in the shells decreased under high pH conditions. Additionally, the ion content and related ion enzyme activities decreased at high pH. The assessment of carbohydrate metabolism-related hormones showed that high pH caused an increase in thyroid-releasing hormone, while the concentrations of corticotropin-releasing hormone and insulin 2 were significantly reduced. Expression levels of genes related to molting (e.g., <em>chitin synthase</em>, <em>chitinase 5</em>, <em>ecdysteroid receptor</em>, <em>retinoid X receptor</em>, and <em>calcium-calmodulin<!--> <!-->dependent protein kinase</em> I) were significantly downregulated, while the expression of <em>molt-inhibiting hormone</em> was upregulated. In summary, we found that high pH values affect calcium absorption, ion balance, hormone regulation, and molting processes in shrimp through multiple physiological and molecular pathways. These findings provide a theoretical explanation for the changes in molting and calcium ion regulation caused by high pH in high-density shrimp farming, and they provide important references for subsequent calcium supplementation measures in shrimp aquaculture, for example by supplementing soluble calcium salts to enhance exoskeleton mineralization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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