Aquaculture Reports最新文献_第2页

Effects of two postbiotics (yeast culture and complex probiotics) on growth performance, body composition, liver and intestinal health, and fillet quality of rice field eel (Monopterus albus) 两种后益生菌（酵母培养菌和复合益生菌）对黄鳝生长性能、体成分、肝脏和肠道健康及鱼片品质的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103414

Jialing Xu , Jiamin Li , Ao Luo , Qilin Hu , Jiazhen Zhao , Luyao Xu , Xiaoxuan Qi , Shuo Cheng , Xiaohan Guo , Tingting Wang , Mo Peng

This study explored effects of yeast culture (YC) and complex probiotics (CP) on the growth performance, liver-intestinal health and fillet quality of rice field eel (Monopterus albus). 1200 healthy fish with initial weight (23.04 ± 0.04) g were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups (4 replies per group): control group, 0.3 % YC group, 0.6 % YC group, 0.3 % CP group and 0.6 % CP group. Results of 56-d experiment showed that postbiotics could significantly increase final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and reduced feed conversion rate (FCR) (P < 0.05). Dietary postbiotics reduced the total lipid content in liver (P < 0.05), increased protein deposition in whole body and muscle (P < 0.05). Dietary postbiotics also improved liver and intestinal antioxidant ability (total superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione) (P < 0.05), immune function (serum acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and liver lysozyme activities) (P < 0.05), and intestinal digestive ability (α-amylase, trypsin) (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, dietary postbiotics significantly enhanced intestinal villi height and mucosal barrier integrity (P < 0.05). High-throughput sequencing revealed that, intestinal microbial probiotics (Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes) abundance increased and pathogenic (Proteobacteria) abundance decreased in the postbiotic-treating group (P < 0.05). It is worth noting that dietary postbiotics could improve muscle quality (P < 0.05), reduce muscle fibers area and diameter (P < 0.05), and promote protein deposition (P < 0.05). In summary, dietary postbiotics can show beneficial effects on growth, liver and intestinal health, and muscle quality in this fish.

本研究探讨了酵母培养物（YC）和复合益生菌（CP）对黄鳝生长性能、肝肠健康和鱼片品质的影响。选取初始体重为（23.04 ± 0.04）g的健康鱼1200尾，随机分为5组（每组4只）：对照组、0.3 % YC组、0.6 % YC组、0.3 % CP组和0.6 % CP组。56 d试验结果表明，益生后可显著提高末重（FBW）、增重率（WGR）、特定生长率（SGR），降低饲料系数（FCR）（P <； 0.05）。饲粮中添加益生后降低了肝脏总脂肪含量（P <； 0.05），增加了全身和肌肉蛋白质沉积（P <； 0.05）。饲粮添加后益生菌还能提高肝脏和肠道的抗氧化能力（总超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽）（P <； 0.05），免疫功能（血清酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶和肝脏溶菌酶活性）（P <； 0.05）和肠道消化能力（α-淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶）（P <； 0.05）。同时，饲粮中添加益生后可显著提高肠绒毛高度和黏膜屏障完整性（P <； 0.05）。高通量测序结果显示，生物处理后组肠道微生物益生菌（Firmicutes和Bacteroidetes）丰度增加，致病性（Proteobacteria）丰度降低（P <； 0.05）。值得注意的是，饲粮中添加后生物制剂可提高肌肉品质（P <； 0.05），减少肌纤维面积和直径（P <； 0.05），促进蛋白质沉积（P <； 0.05）。综上所述，饲料中添加益生菌对该鱼的生长、肝脏和肠道健康以及肌肉质量都有有益的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Selenium-enriched Lacticaseibacillus paracasei enhances growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and gut health in Micropterus salmoides 富含硒的副干酪乳杆菌可提高鲑鱼小翼鱼的生长性能、抗氧化能力和肠道健康

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103452

Jiacong Deng , Zhihong Chen , Xu Chen , Xiangzhu Shi , Jinlin Fan , Xucong Lv , Yinggu Kuang

This study establishes Lacticaseibacillus paracasei ACCC10639 as a selenium-enriched probiotic through dual-phase optimization for Micropterus salmoides aquaculture. Strain selection under gradient sodium selenite stress (4–64 mg/L) revealed 32 mg/L Na₂SeO₃ as the optimal production concentration, achieving 13.78 mg/g organic selenium (59.8 % organic speciation) while maintaining 70 % biomass viability. Subsequent dose-response trials identified 2.0 g/kg as the optimal dietary supplementation level through multi-parameter evaluation of growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and microbiota modulation. At this dual-optimized regimen (32 mg/L-manufactured biomass and 2.0 g/kg feed dose), the selenized probiotic induced systemic improvements versus non-selenized controls: 12.7 % higher specific growth rate (3.89 vs 3.45 %/d), 18.6 % lower feed conversion ratio (1.40 vs 1.72), and 70 % enhanced glutathione peroxidase activity (79.4 vs 46.8 U/mgprot). Hepatic lipid peroxidation was 29 % reduced (MDA 1.06 vs 1.50 nmol/mgprot), accompanied by 15.2 % decreased hepatosomatic index. Ecological analysis using weighted UniFrac distances revealed tight microbiota clustering (NMDS stress=0.02) and distinct community separation via Principal Coordinate Analysis (72.9 % variation along PC1) in the SeLp group, with Firmicutes dominance at 89.8 % (+9.4 points) and butyrate production peaking at 182 % control levels. Pathogen suppression reached 97.6 % (Aeromonas) and 99.7 % (Vibrio). Spearman correlations revealed Lactobacillus abundance strongly associated with growth (ρ=0.92) and oxidative stress mitigation (ρ=-0.94), while butyrate emerged as a key antioxidant mediator (ρ=-0.94 with MDA). These findings validate selenium probiotic optimization through strain-specific production (32 mg/L) and dose-dependent application (2.0 g/kg), providing a sustainable strategy to replace inorganic selenium in carnivorous aquaculture.

本研究通过双相优化，确定了副干酪乳杆菌ACCC10639作为一种富硒益生菌，可用于鲑鱼小翼鱼的养殖。梯度亚硒酸钠胁迫（4-64 mg/L）下的菌株选择结果显示，32 mg/L Na2SeO3为最佳生产浓度，在保持70 %生物量活力的同时，获得13.78 mg/g有机硒（59.8 %有机形态）。随后的剂量效应试验通过对生长性能、抗氧化能力和微生物群调节的多参数评估，确定2.0 g/kg为最佳饲粮添加水平。在这个双重优化方案（32 mg/ l制造生物量和2.0 g/kg饲料剂量）中，硒化益生菌与未硒化对照组相比，诱导了系统改善：特定生长率提高12.7 % (3.89 vs 3.45 %/d)，饲料转化率降低18.6 % (1.40 vs 1.72)，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性提高70 % （79.4 vs 46.8 U/mgprot）。肝脂质过氧化降低29 % (MDA 1.06 vs 1.50 nmol/mgprot)，同时肝体指数降低15.2 %。利用加权UniFrac距离进行的生态分析显示，SeLp组微生物群聚类紧密（NMDS胁迫=0.02），主坐标分析显示群落分离明显（沿PC1变异率为72.9 %），厚壁菌门优势度为89.8 %（+9.4点），丁酸酯产量峰值为182 %。病原菌抑制率为97.6% %（气单胞菌）和99.7% %（弧菌）。Spearman相关性显示乳酸菌丰富度与生长（ρ=0.92）和氧化应激缓解（ρ=-0.94）密切相关，而丁酸成为关键的抗氧化介质（ρ=-0.94与MDA）。这些结果验证了硒益生菌通过菌株特异性生产（32 mg/L）和剂量依赖性应用（2.0 g/kg）进行优化，为肉食性水产养殖中替代无机硒提供了可持续的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the potential of food encapsulation technologies in aquaculture: Applications, innovations, and future perspectives 探索食品封装技术在水产养殖中的潜力：应用、创新和未来展望

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103448

Jiayi Li , Jiancao Gao , Haojun Zhu , Liping Cao , Jinliang Du , Jun Gao , Gangchun Xu

The modern aquaculture is increasingly dependent on functional feeds, prophylactic formulations, and additives for water-quality regulation. However, the efficacy of many bioactive agents is constrained by multiple factors, including oxidative degradation with loss of activity, rapid dissolution and leaching in aquatic environments, and discrepancies between laboratory dosing protocols and on-farm feeding practices. Food-grade encapsulation technologies—such as micro-/nanoencapsulation, emulsions, liposomes, and hydrogel carriers—are now mature and can protect labile compounds while enabling controlled release. Their translation to aquaculture, nevertheless, requires targeted optimization that accounts for open-water exposure, mechanical stresses during feed processing, and pronounced interspecies differences in digestive physiology. This review synthesizes recent advances in food-grade carriers and fabrication processes relevant to aquaculture, emphasizing three priorities: (1) enhancing nutrient stability and controlled delivery; (2) improving mucosal targeting efficiency of oral vaccines and therapeutics; and (3) developing water-regulation functions using sustained-release nutrients and recyclable adsorbent materials. We further provide a critical assessment of key translational bottlenecks, including species-specific release kinetics, carrier aggregation and biofouling in complex aquatic matrices, life-cycle toxicological evaluation for non-target organisms, and constraints on cost and scalability for industrial deployment. Finally, we outline future priorities, including standardized in vitro digestion/leaching assays, cross-species benchmarking frameworks, and stimuli-responsive “smart” carriers to accelerate the transition from proof-of-concept to field-ready products.

现代水产养殖越来越依赖于功能性饲料、预防性配方和添加剂来调节水质。然而，许多生物活性剂的功效受到多种因素的限制，包括氧化降解和活性丧失，在水生环境中的快速溶解和浸出，以及实验室给药方案和农场饲养实践之间的差异。食品级封装技术——如微/纳米封装、乳液、脂质体和水凝胶载体——现在已经成熟，可以在控制释放的同时保护不稳定的化合物。然而，将其转化为水产养殖需要有针对性的优化，以考虑开放水域暴露，饲料加工过程中的机械应力以及消化生理的明显物种间差异。本文综述了与水产养殖相关的食品级载体和制备工艺的最新进展，强调了三个重点：(1)提高营养稳定性和控制输送；(2)提高口服疫苗和治疗方法的粘膜靶向性；(3)利用缓释养分和可循环利用的吸附剂材料开发水分调节功能。我们进一步提供了关键转化瓶颈的关键评估，包括物种特异性释放动力学，复杂水生基质中的载体聚集和生物污染，非目标生物的生命周期毒理学评估，以及工业部署的成本和可扩展性限制。最后，我们概述了未来的优先事项，包括标准化的体外消化/浸出试验，跨物种基准测试框架，以及刺激响应的“智能”载体，以加速从概念验证到现场准备产品的过渡。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive analysis of ceRNA regulatory networks in the spleen of iridovirus-infected leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) 虹膜病毒感染豹珊瑚石斑鱼脾脏ceRNA调控网络的综合分析

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103438

Lei Wang , Ruiqi Guo , Jinfeng Liu , Min Tian , Yunji Xiu , Run Wang , Zemin Bai , Songlin Chen

Leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) is among the most important economic marine fish in China. However, iridovirus infection has caused severe loss in aquaculture, creating an urgent need to discover the immune mechanism in response to viral infection. Thus, this study involved whole transcriptome analysis in spleen of iridovirus-infected leopard coral grouper using high-throughput sequencing. Assembly and annotation identified 1407 mRNAs, 75 miRNAs, 21 circRNAs, and 264 lncRNAs exhibited significantly different expressions in the spleen of iridovirus-infected leopard coral grouper. Further, the study identified two groups of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNAs) networks, as lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA, that including five novel lncRNAs, four novel circRNAs, five hub miRNAs and 25 mRNAs. This study presents the first demonstration of the ceRNA crosstalk in spleen of iridovirus-infected leopard coral grouper, providing new molecular targets for investigating the antivirus mechanism of marine fish.

豹珊瑚石斑鱼（plectroomus leopardus）是中国最重要的海洋经济鱼类之一。然而，虹膜病毒感染给水产养殖业造成了严重的损失，迫切需要发现应对病毒感染的免疫机制。因此，本研究采用高通量测序技术对虹膜病毒感染的豹珊瑚石斑鱼脾脏进行全转录组分析。组装和注释鉴定出1407个mrna， 75个mirna， 21个circrna和264个lncrna在虹膜病毒感染的豹珊瑚石斑鱼脾脏中表达显著不同。此外，该研究还确定了两组相互竞争的内源性RNA （ceRNAs）网络，即lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA和circRNA-miRNA-mRNA，其中包括5种新型lncrna， 4种新型circrna， 5种枢纽mirna和25种mrna。本研究首次证实了虹膜病毒感染的豹珊瑚石斑鱼脾脏中的ceRNA串扰，为研究海洋鱼类的抗病毒机制提供了新的分子靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Low-salinity stress induces JNK-mediated apoptosis and inflammation in the gills of the pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata martensii 低盐度胁迫诱导jnk介导的马氏珠牡蛎鳃细胞凋亡和炎症

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103446

Lining Ma , Haiying Liang , Qiyuan Zhang , Guiling Yin , Runlin Lei

In the stress response, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mediated inflammatory response plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis and removing damaged cells. In this study, Pinctada fucata martensii was used as the object, and the stress response mechanism of gill tissue under low-salinity stress ( 20ppt) was systematically discussed by using the techniques of fluorescence quantification, transcriptomics, histopathology and apoptosis analysis. The results showed that low-salinity stress significantly induced the up-regulation of PmJNK gene expression, especially in gill and hepatopancreas. Transcriptome analysis of three groups of normal salinity ( 30 ppt), low salinity stress ( 20 ppt) and inhibitor ( 20 ppt + JNK inhibitor) showed that low salinity stress resulted in a large number of differentially expressed genes significantly enriched in important biological pathways such as immune inflammatory response, apoptosis and metabolic reprogramming. Among them, the NF-κB signaling pathway was significantly activated, and the cytochrome P450 metabolic pathway also changed significantly, suggesting that the body may adapt to the low-salt environment through metabolic reprogramming. The observation of tissue sections further showed that low-salinity stress damaged the gill structure, which was characterized by disordered arrangement of epithelial cells and destruction of basement membrane integrity. JNK inhibitor treatment can alleviate the above tissue damage, indicating that JNK pathway plays a central role in low salt-induced structural damage. TUNEL experiments confirmed that low-salinity stress significantly promoted apoptosis of gill cells, and inhibition of JNK pathway could reduce the level of apoptosis, which functionally verified the role of JNK in regulating low salt-induced apoptosis. This study revealed the core position of JNK signaling pathway in the response to low-salinity stress in Pinctada fucata martensii, and elucidated its process of mediating tissue damage by coordinating multiple mechanisms such as immune inflammation, apoptosis and metabolic reprogramming. It provides a new theoretical basis for further understanding the molecular mechanism of marine shellfish responding to environmental stress.

在应激反应中，c-Jun n -末端激酶（JNK）介导的炎症反应在维持体内平衡和清除受损细胞中起着关键作用。本研究以fucata martensii Pinctada fucata martensii为研究对象，采用荧光定量、转录组学、组织病理学和细胞凋亡分析等技术，系统探讨了低盐度胁迫（20ppt）下鳃组织的应激反应机制。结果表明，低盐度胁迫显著诱导PmJNK基因表达上调，尤其是在鳃和肝胰腺中。正常盐度（30 ppt）、低盐度胁迫（20 ppt）和抑制剂（20 ppt + JNK抑制剂）三组转录组分析显示，低盐度胁迫导致免疫炎症反应、细胞凋亡和代谢重编程等重要生物学通路中大量差异表达基因显著富集。其中NF-κB信号通路被显著激活，细胞色素P450代谢通路也发生显著变化，提示机体可能通过代谢重编程来适应低盐环境。组织切片观察进一步表明，低盐度胁迫破坏了鳃结构，表现为上皮细胞排列紊乱，基底膜完整性破坏。JNK抑制剂治疗可减轻上述组织损伤，表明JNK通路在低盐诱导的结构损伤中起核心作用。TUNEL实验证实低盐胁迫显著促进鳃细胞凋亡，抑制JNK通路可降低细胞凋亡水平，从功能上验证了JNK在低盐诱导的细胞凋亡调控中的作用。本研究揭示了JNK信号通路在fucata martensii应对低盐度胁迫中的核心地位，并阐明了其通过协调免疫炎症、细胞凋亡、代谢重编程等多种机制介导组织损伤的过程。为进一步认识海洋贝类对环境胁迫的分子机制提供了新的理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative modeling of growth in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) strains with distinct skin pigmentation using the Gompertz function 使用Gompertz函数对具有不同皮肤色素沉着的虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）品系生长进行比较建模

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103437

Vinicius Vasconcelos Silva , Marcos Vinicius Bozzo Diório , Antônio Carlos Kida Filho , Carolina Pereira de Morais Faria , Neuza Sumico Takahashi , Yara Aiko Tabata , Vander Bruno dos Santos

This study aimed to evaluate the growth of four strains of rainbow trout, including wild-type, cobalt-blue, yellow-albino, and white-albino. Juveniles 3.07 ± 0.11 g were distributed into four groups per strain in triplicate (12 tanks). Feeding was standardized with a diet containing 45 % crude protein offered ad libitum three times daily. Feed conversion ratio, weight gain, and mean body weight, were performed at 60, 120, 180, and 270 days. The data were fitted to the Gompertz model

y = {Ae}^{{- Be}^{- Kx}}

, allowing estimation of asymptotic weight, growth rate, inflection point, as well as absolute and relative growth rate. The yellow-albino strain exhibited the highest performance, reaching a final weight of 301.70 ± 32.45 g. Wild-type and cobalt-blue strains showed intermediate performance of 237.79 ± 16.06 g and 221.92 ± 20.83 g, respectively, whereas the white-albino strain presented the lowest weight 145.80 ± 23.03 g on day 270 (P < 0.05). Gompertz model showed effective with high adjusted coefficients of determination, confirming the reliability of the fit. Estimates revealed higher asymptotic weight and growth rate for the yellow-albino strain (1826.6 g and 3.3 ± 0.9 g) compared to the wild-type strain (895.6 g and 1.9 ± 0.1 g). The weight at inflection indicated that the white-albino (725.8 ± 140.3 g) and yellow-albino (709.2 ± 273.8 g) strains were different (P < 0.05) from the wild-type (339.3 ± 38.1 g) and cobalt-blue (309.5 ± 53.5 g) strains. The age at inflection indicated the white-albino strain (478.6 ± 53.0 days) was differed (P < 0.05) from the yellow-albino (384.6 ± 55.4 days), cobalt-blue (334.6 ± 54.2 days) and wild-type (301.2 ± 12.1 days) strains. The findings underscore the importance of genetic selection in aquaculture, especially for the yellow-albino strain and emphasize the need to further investigation the metabolic factors that influence the performance of the white-albino strain

本研究旨在评价野生型、钴蓝型、黄白化型和白白化型四种虹鳟鱼的生长情况。稚虫3.07 ± 0.11 g分为4组，每株3次（12箱）。饲喂标准化饲粮，饲粮中粗蛋白质含量为45% %，每日随意提供3次。分别在第60、120、180和270天进行饲料系数、增重和平均体重测试。数据拟合到Gompertz模型y=Ae−Be−Kx，可以估计渐近权重、增长率、拐点以及绝对和相对增长率。黄白化菌株表现最好，终重达301.70±32.45 g。野生型和钴蓝菌株表现中等，分别为237.79±16.06 g和221.92±20.83 g，而白化菌株270 d体重最低，为145.80±23.03 g （P < 0.05）。Gompertz模型具有较高的调整决定系数，证实了拟合的可靠性。估计显示，黄白化菌株的渐近体重和生长速度（1826.6 g和3.3±0.9 g）高于野生型菌株（895.6 g和1.9±0.1 g）。结果表明，白化株（725.8±140.3 g）和黄化株（709.2±273.8 g）与野生型（339.3±38.1 g）和钴蓝株（309.5±53.5 g）差异显著（P < 0.05）。感染年龄显示，白白化菌株（478.6±53.0 d）与黄白化菌株（384.6±55.4 d）、钴蓝菌株（334.6±54.2 d）和野生型菌株（301.2±12.1 d）差异显著（P < 0.05）。这些发现强调了遗传选择在水产养殖中的重要性，特别是对黄白化品系，并强调需要进一步研究影响白白化品系生产性能的代谢因素

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引用次数: 0

Effects of dietary supplementation with distiller grain fermented liquid on growth performance, digestive and antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbiota in juvenile Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) 饲粮中添加酒糟发酵液对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长性能、消化和抗氧化能力及肠道菌群的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103441

Xiaogeng Chen , Xiang Lu , Fanfan Wu , Yongchun Ge , Changbo Wang , Yunfei Sun , Yongxu Cheng

Distiller grain fermented liquid (DGFL) is a novel feed additive for aquaculture. In this study, we investigated the effects of DGFL supplementation on the growth and physiology of juvenile Chinese mitten crabs Eriocheir sinensis. Crabs were randomly divided into two groups and fed either a basal diet (C group) or a diet supplemented with 5 % DGFL (T group) for 140d. Their growth performance, digestive and antioxidant capacities, and intestinal microbiota were measured. The final average weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and hepatosomatic index of the T group were higher than those of the C group (P < 0.05). Crude protein and total amino acid contents in the T group increased (P < 0.05). The expression levels of digestive enzyme-related genes (CTRB1, TRYP, IL, and AMY) and activities of α-amylase, lipase, trypsin, and pepsin were elevated in the T group (P < 0.05). Total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the hepatopancreas were enhanced in the T group (P < 0.05), whereas malondialdehyde content decreased (P < 0.05). The expression of antioxidant-related genes (SOD, CAT, GPx, and Keap1) increased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 5 % DGFL improved hepatopancreatic and intestinal structural integrity, increased the α-diversity of the intestinal microbiota (P < 0.05), elevated the abundance of Lactobacillales and Lactovum (P < 0.05), and reduced the abundance of the conditional pathogen Vibrio. In conclusion, dietary 5 % DGFL enhanced growth performance, digestive and antioxidant capacities, intestinal structure, and microbiota composition of juvenile E. sinensis. This study, the first to investigate DGFL supplementation in this species, provides a strong theoretical basis for its use in aquafeeds.

酒糟发酵液是一种新型的水产养殖饲料添加剂。本研究研究了添加DGFL对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长和生理的影响。试验随机分为2组，分别饲喂基础饲粮（C组）和添加5 % DGFL的饲粮（T组），试验期140d。测定它们的生长性能、消化和抗氧化能力以及肠道微生物群。T组的最终平均体重、增重率、特定生长率和肝体指数均高于C组（P <； 0.05）。T组粗蛋白质和总氨基酸含量升高（P <； 0.05）。T组消化酶相关基因（CTRB1、TRYP、IL、AMY）表达水平及α-淀粉酶、脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶活性升高（P <； 0.05）。T组肝胰腺总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性增强（P <； 0.05），丙二醛含量降低（P <； 0.05）。抗氧化相关基因SOD、CAT、GPx、Keap1表达增加（P <； 0.05）。此外，5 % DGFL改善了肝胰腺和肠道的结构完整性，增加了肠道微生物群的α-多样性（P <； 0.05），提高了乳酸杆菌和乳酸菌的丰度（P <； 0.05），降低了条件致病菌弧菌的丰度。综上所述，饲粮中添加5 % DGFL可提高中华绒螯蟹幼鱼的生长性能、消化和抗氧化能力、肠道结构和微生物群组成。本研究首次研究了该物种中DGFL的添加情况，为其在水产饲料中的应用提供了强有力的理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

The serotonin receptor 5-HTR modulates larval settlement and metamorphosis in Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum 5-羟色胺受体5-羟色胺受体调节菲律宾马尼拉蛤的幼虫沉降和变态

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103445

Hongsu Yang , Lei Zhang , Biao Wu , Zhihong Liu , Liqing Zhou , Peizhen Ma , Zhuanzhuan Li , Xiujun Sun

The Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum), as one of the most economically significant shellfish species in China, faces major challenges in seed production due to the high mortality during larval settlement and metamorphosis. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) has been identified as a crucial neurotransmitter involved in regulating larval settlement and metamorphosis in molluscs. However, the underlying signaling mechanisms of its receptor (5-HTR) in molluscs remain poorly understood. In this study, the full-length cDNA sequence of 5-HT1R gene (1343 bp) is successfully cloned, encoding a protein of 393 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis results reveal that the encoded protein has the typical characteristics of G protein-coupled receptors, including seven transmembrane domains and a molecular weight of 45.61 kDa. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) results show that 5-HT1R expression in gill tissue of adult clams is significantly higher than that in other tissues, followed by adductor muscle and foot tissues. Whole-mount in situ hybridization illustrates its dynamic expression pattern throughout larval development, especially during larval settlement and metamorphosis. Prior to larval settlement and metamorphosis, 5-HT1R is predominantly localized in the apical sensory organ (ASO) of the larva, while the positive signals are progressively diminished during metamorphosis and eventually disappear after metamorphosis. Moreover, chemical induction experiments of larval settlement and metamorphosis using 5-HT agonists and antagonists have proved that 1 μM 5-HT treatment significantly enhances larval settlement and metamorphosis (60.9 %), whereas antagonists (clozapine) markedly suppress this process. These evidences indicate that 5-HT1R exerts the crucial regulatory function during larval settlement and metamorphosis of R. philippinarum. This study not only provides a theoretical foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying larval settlement and metamorphosis, but also offers potential targets for further investigation of 5-HT signaling pathway in bivalves.

马尼拉蛤（Ruditapes philippinarum）作为中国最具经济价值的贝类之一，由于其在幼虫定居和蜕变过程中的高死亡率，在种子生产方面面临着重大挑战。5-羟色胺（5-HT）是一种重要的神经递质，参与调节软体动物的幼虫沉降和变态。然而，其受体（5-HTR）在软体动物中的潜在信号机制仍然知之甚少。本研究成功克隆出5-HT1R基因全长cDNA序列（1343 bp），编码393个氨基酸的蛋白。生物信息学分析结果显示，该编码蛋白具有G蛋白偶联受体的典型特征，包括7个跨膜结构域，分子量为45.61 kDa。实时荧光定量PCR （qPCR）结果显示，5-HT1R在成年蛤鳃组织中的表达量显著高于其他组织，其次是内收肌和足部组织。全载原位杂交显示了其在整个幼虫发育过程中的动态表达模式，特别是在幼虫定居和变态过程中。在幼虫定居和变态之前，5-HT1R主要定位于幼虫的顶端感觉器官（ASO），而在变态过程中，阳性信号逐渐减弱，最终在变态后消失。此外，使用5-HT激动剂和拮抗剂对幼虫沉降和变态的化学诱导实验证明，1 μM的5-HT处理显著促进了幼虫的沉降和变态（60.9 %），而拮抗剂（氯氮平）则明显抑制了这一过程。这些证据表明，5-HT1R在菲律宾沙蚕的幼虫定居和蜕变过程中发挥着重要的调控作用。该研究不仅为阐明双壳类动物幼虫沉降和变态的分子机制提供了理论基础，也为进一步研究双壳类动物5-HT信号通路提供了潜在的靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Changes of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in Huso dauricus under heat stress and their potential relationship with heat stress resistance 热应激条件下达乌尔湖鼠肠道菌群和代谢物的变化及其与耐热性的潜在关系

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103439

Ruoyu Wang , Yutao Li , Zheng He , Bo Sun , Yining Zhang , Sihan Wang , Bo Ma , Dingchen Cao , Zhipeng Sun , Nianmin Wang , Wei Hu , Shijian Xu , Ying Zhang

Ongoing global warming has intensified heat stress challenges for fish, especially cold-water species. This study focused on 4-month-old kaluga sturgeon (Huso dauricus), conducting heat stress experiments by raising the temperature from 19℃ to 25℃ at 1℃ per hour, with 19℃ as the control. Anatomical observations assessed heat stress injury in the gill, liver, and intestine, while pathological tissue sections evaluated intestinal injuries. Microbiome and metabolomics techniques explored the intestinal microbiota and metabolites' response to heat stress and their relationship with heat stress resistance. Results indicated that half of the sturgeons can adapt to heat stress without sustaining injury. Significant changes were observed in the intestinal microbiota due to heat stress, with a decrease in beneficial bacteria, such as Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Candidatus Arthromitus, and an increase in the harmful bacterium Plesiomonas. Notably, this dysbiosis manifested differentially between groups: heat-resistant sturgeon were enriched in the beneficial Cetobacterium, whereas heat-stressed individuals harbored significantly more Plesiomonas. Changes in metabolite concentrations associated with energy supply, exemplified by Uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine, and with cell death pathways, as seen in gamma-Glutamylcysteine, were also noted in this study. The decline of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and its related metabolite phenylacetic acid likely contributed to the rise in harmful bacteria and inflammatory injuries. Cetobacterium and its related metabolite lithocholyltaurine may enhance heat stress resistance. These findings offer a theoretical basis for improving fish heat stress resistance through microbiome regulation and suggest potential strategies for the aquaculture industry to address climate change.

持续的全球变暖加剧了鱼类，特别是冷水物种的热应激挑战。本研究以4月龄卡鲁加鲟鱼（Huso dauricus）为研究对象，以每小时1℃的温度从19℃升高到25℃，以19℃为对照，进行热应激实验。解剖观察评估热应激对鳃、肝脏和肠道的损伤，病理组织切片评估肠道损伤。微生物组学和代谢组学技术探讨了肠道微生物群和代谢物对热应激的反应及其与热应激抗性的关系。结果表明，一半的鲟鱼可以适应热应激而不会受伤。由于热应激，肠道微生物群发生了显著变化，有益菌（如严格感梭菌1和关节候选菌）减少，有害菌Plesiomonas增加。值得注意的是，这种生态失调在各组之间表现出差异：耐热鲟富含有益的鲸杆菌，而热应激个体则明显含有更多的Plesiomonas。该研究还注意到与能量供应相关的代谢物浓度的变化，如尿苷二磷酸- n -乙酰氨基葡萄糖，以及与细胞死亡途径相关的变化，如γ -谷氨酰半胱氨酸。严感梭状芽胞杆菌1及其相关代谢物苯乙酸的减少可能导致有害细菌和炎症损伤的增加。鲸杆菌及其相关代谢物石胆磺酸可增强耐热性。这些发现为通过调节微生物组提高鱼类耐热性提供了理论基础，并为水产养殖业应对气候变化提出了潜在的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Intestinal microbiota composition and physiological characteristics in bullfrog tadpoles with gas bubble accumulation 气泡蓄积牛蛙蝌蚪肠道菌群组成及生理特征

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103440

Jingen Xu , Zhilong Wang , Wangbao Gong , Jun Xie , Guangjun Wang , Kai Zhang , Zhifei Li , Jingjing Tian , Hongyan Li , Wenping Xie , Yun Xia

Intestinal gas bubble accumulation is a common phenomenon in bullfrog tadpoles that significantly increases mortality. The manipulation of gut microbiota composition holds potential for therapeutic applications in treating diseases. However, there remains an unexplored avenue in utilizing this manipulation to alleviate intestinal gas accumulation in bullfrog tadpoles. By using histological sectioning, physiological & biochemical assays, and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology, we compared the gut microbiota composition and the physiological characteristics of host between normal tadpoles (ZC) and those with gas bubble accumulation (ZQ). The α-diversity index of gut microbiota did not significantly differ between the two groups (P > 0.05). ZC and ZQ shared 311 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), with 143 unique OTUs in ZC, and 278 OTUs in ZQ. The tadpole intestines’ major microbes included Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobiota. Compared with ZC, ZQ exhibited a significantly reduced abundance of Fusobacteria and an increased abundance of Proteobacteria (P < 0.05). At the genus level, ZQ significantly decreased the levels of Cetobacterium and norank_f__Barnesiellaceae (P < 0.05), whereas the levels of Citrobacter significantly increased (P < 0.05). The ZQ tadpoles exhibited damaged gill filaments, enlarged intercellular spaces in the intestinal epithelium, and a significant decrease in goblet cells. The ZQ tadpole liver cells displayed cell enlargement, nuclear displacement towards the periphery, and increased cytoplasmic vacuolisation. Additionally, compared with ZC, ZQ exhibited significantly elevated levels of total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase activity in the liver. In conclusion, intestinal gas bubble accumulation in bullfrog tadpoles leads to changes in gut microbiota structure, with a decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in pathogenic bacteria. This disrupts intestinal homeostasis and affects liver health by exacerbating hepatocyte vacuolation and increasing oxidative stress. Our findings provide essential data for monitoring and treating this condition.

牛蛙蝌蚪肠道气泡积聚是一种常见现象，可显著增加死亡率。肠道菌群组成的操纵在治疗疾病方面具有潜在的治疗应用。然而，在利用这种操作来减轻牛蛙蝌蚪肠道气体积聚方面仍有一个未探索的途径。采用组织学切片、生理生化检测和16S rRNA高通量测序技术，比较了正常蝌蚪（ZC）和气泡积聚蝌蚪（ZQ）肠道菌群组成和寄主生理特征。两组间肠道菌群α-多样性指数差异不显著（P >； 0.05）。ZC和ZQ共有311个otu，其中ZC共有143个otu， ZQ共有278个otu。蝌蚪肠道的主要微生物包括梭菌门、变形菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门和疣菌菌群。与ZC相比，ZQ的Fusobacteria丰度显著降低，Proteobacteria丰度显著增加（P <； 0.05）。在属水平上，ZQ显著降低了Cetobacterium和norank_f__Barnesiellaceae的水平（P <； 0.05），显著提高了Citrobacter的水平（P <； 0.05）。ZQ蝌蚪鳃丝受损，肠上皮细胞间隙增大，杯状细胞显著减少。ZQ蝌蚪肝细胞细胞增大，细胞核向外周移位，胞浆空泡化增加。此外，与ZC相比，ZQ显著提高了肝脏总抗氧化能力、丙二醛、酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性。综上所述，牛蛙蝌蚪肠道气泡积累导致肠道菌群结构发生变化，有益菌减少，致病菌增加。这会破坏肠道内稳态，并通过加剧肝细胞空泡化和增加氧化应激影响肝脏健康。我们的发现为监测和治疗这种疾病提供了必要的数据。

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引用次数: 0