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Kronotop Kontra Politik dan Visualitas Korban dalam Film Dokumenter: Kajian Antropologi Media 纪录片《反政治和可视化受害者的裙带关系》:媒体人类学研究
Pub Date : 2018-11-20 DOI: 10.7454/AI.V39I2.11178
Aryo Danusiri
This article is my retrospective account on the making of one of my testimonial documentaries, “Kameng Gampoeng Nyang Keunong Geulawa” (The Village Goat that Takes the Beating, 1999) which was commissioned by a human rights-defender NGO based in Jakarta. The aim was to offer critical views on the Aceh conflict to the Indonesian public. By using chronotopes (Bakhtin, 1981) as the analytical tool, I delineate the way the Indonesian state and its military constituted a dominant view of Aceh as the Other by applying a semiotic model of authoritarian nationalism that circulated in the public sphere. As the counter-politics, I developed particular testimony chronotopes as a strategy to capture victims’ points of view as embodied experience. In my reflection, I argue that instead of producing a complex visuality of the Aceh actors as human beings, my portrayal of the victims had taken on a sustained oppressor-victim binary opposition view which framed victims as the articulation of singular experience. This study contributes to the emerging interest in media anthropology and the study of non-mainstream film genres and independent cinema works.
这篇文章是我回顾我的一部纪念纪录片《Kameng Gampoeng Nyang Keunong Geulawa》的制作过程,这部纪录片是受雅加达一个人权维权非政府组织委托制作的。其目的是向印尼公众提供对亚齐冲突的批评意见。通过使用chronotopes(巴赫金,1981)作为分析工具,我描绘了印度尼西亚政府及其军队如何通过在公共领域传播的专制民族主义的符号学模型,将亚齐视为他者的主导观点。作为反政治的人,我开发了一种特殊的证词计时法,作为一种策略,将受害者的观点作为具体化的经验来捕捉。在我的反思中,我认为,我对受害者的刻画采取了一种持续的压迫者-受害者二元对立观点,将受害者塑造成单一经验的表达,而不是将亚齐演员作为人类的复杂视觉形象。这项研究有助于媒体人类学和非主流电影类型和独立电影作品研究的新兴兴趣。
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引用次数: 0
Antropologi Biologi di Indonesia: Sebuah Penelusuran dan Kemungkinan Pengembangan 印度尼西亚的生物学人类学:研究和可能的发展
Pub Date : 2018-11-20 DOI: 10.7454/AI.V39I2.11128
Iman Fachruliansyah
Indonesia has a great diversity of ethnic groups, languages, physical characteristics, and human genetic structures. Various studies of human physical variation and their evolutionary history in the world have received substantial contributions from biological anthropology researches in Indonesia. However, biological anthropology studies in Indonesia are not established or less familiar even among Indonesian anthropology milieu. This condition is reflected in a small numbers of Indonesian biological anthropologists, despite the vision of the founders of Indonesian anthropology that programmed the development of biological anthropology as a part of the anthropology department. This article aims to review the history of biological anthropology studies in Indonesia. Therefore, as a preliminary note, considerable scientific publications in biological anthropology in Indonesia will be discussed briefly to demonstrate the development of Indonesian biological anthropology.
印度尼西亚的民族、语言、身体特征和人类基因结构都非常多样化。印度尼西亚的生物人类学研究为世界范围内关于人类体质变异及其进化史的各种研究做出了重要贡献。然而,印度尼西亚的生物人类学研究尚未建立,甚至在印度尼西亚的人类学环境中也不太熟悉。这种情况反映在少数印度尼西亚生物人类学家身上,尽管印度尼西亚人类学的创始人将生物人类学的发展规划为人类学系的一部分。本文旨在回顾印尼生物人类学研究的历史。因此,作为初步说明,将简要讨论印度尼西亚生物人类学的大量科学出版物,以展示印度尼西亚生物人类学的发展。
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引用次数: 3
Kolaborasi Pembuatan Film sebagai Etnografi 电影制作作为人种志的合作
Pub Date : 2018-11-20 DOI: 10.7454/AI.V39I2.11409
Tito Imanda
This paper explores the conceptual and methodological thinking of an ethnography of a collaborative film making with traditional Javanese performance groups, adapting their work from the stage to the screen. This paper specifically offers ethnography as practical research involving researchers and research subjects conducting film projects together. This project has indeed practical and research objectives. The practical goal is to collaborate with traditional rural performance groups, to help facilitate the exploration of their new media and express themselves through film. The research objective of this project is to record, understand and analyze the process, while laying the foundation for further collaboration and research in other contexts and with different communities.
本文探讨了与传统爪哇表演团体合作制作电影的民族志的概念和方法思考,将他们的作品从舞台改编到屏幕上。本文特别提出民族志是一种实践性研究,涉及研究者和研究对象共同进行电影项目。这个项目确实具有实践和研究的目的。实际目标是与传统的乡村表演团体合作,帮助他们探索新媒体,通过电影表达自己。该项目的研究目标是记录、理解和分析这一过程,同时为在其他背景下和与不同社区的进一步合作和研究奠定基础。
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引用次数: 0
Pembangunan yang Terbayang: Imajinasi Sosio-Teknikal dalam Implementasi Pembangunan Berbasis Komunitas di Indonesia 视觉建设:基于社区建设的社会技术想象力
Pub Date : 2018-11-20 DOI: 10.7454/AI.V39I2.11125
Hestu Prahara
This paper discusses the involvement of imagination in the implementation of several techniques for societal improvement introduced by intervention programs in Indonesia. Using the perspective of socio-technical imagination, I contend that the implementation of the World Bank’s Community-Driven Development (CDD) in Indonesia does not only revolve around technical matters, but also structured by collective imagination held by various development actors regarding the formation of desired social order. This paper is part of my reflexivity regarding my involvement as a researcher and filmmaker in a research project designed to evaluate the impact of the implementation of CDD program in health and education sector in Indonesia. The research was conducted from the end of 2016 to the mid of 2017. Based on this experience, this paper examines the way in which imaginations invoked in programs implementation influence the process of film making that involved various development actors ranging from the World Bank’s technocrats in Jakarta, program’s implementer in province, district, sub-district, and village level, to target groups of intervention program in the village.
本文讨论了想象力在印度尼西亚干预项目引入的几种社会改善技术实施中的作用。从社会技术想象的角度来看,我认为世界银行社区驱动发展(CDD)在印度尼西亚的实施不仅围绕技术问题,而且还由各种发展参与者在形成理想的社会秩序方面所持有的集体想象构成。这篇论文是我作为研究人员和电影制作人参与一个研究项目的反思的一部分,该项目旨在评估印度尼西亚卫生和教育部门实施CDD计划的影响。该研究于2016年底至2017年年中进行。基于这一经验,本文考察了项目实施过程中想象力对电影制作过程的影响,其中涉及各种发展参与者,从雅加达的世界银行技术官僚,省、区、街道和村庄一级的项目执行者,到村庄干预项目的目标群体。
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引用次数: 3
Kekerabatan sebagai Pranata Sosial yang Mempengaruhi Agency Perlawanan Masyarakat: Studi Kasus Protes Petani terhadap Proyek Pembangunan Irigasi di Sumatra Barat 影响社会阻力机构的社会关系:农民抗议西苏门答腊灌溉项目的案例研究
Pub Date : 2018-11-20 DOI: 10.7454/AI.V39I2.11305
Popy Dwi Patrojani, S. Afiff
Studies have shown the importance of identity politics in the ability for small-holders to form a solidarity in a collective action protest against development project. However, those studies do not show how the kinship relations in the context of  adat  system could shape the agency of small-holder to organize collective resistance against the development project that affects their livelihoods. Although we are not denying the importance of traditional kinship relations in developing solidarity among agrarian communities in Indonesia to carry out a public protest, kinship relations system might also be used by other interest such as government, contractor, and traditional leader for shaping some forms of resistance action. Drawing from ethnographic study of the small-holders protests against a governmental irrigation project in West Sumatera, we attempt to show how social relations in the traditional kinship system have significantly shaped their ability to carry out open public protest and gain collective support. Small-holder ability to act need to be analyzed in the complex power relations dynamic among actors involved who are embedded in the traditional kinship relationships that were practiced. Small-holders  agency  of resistance was hindered by the government and project contractor strategy to incorporate the key traditional leaders into the project.
研究表明,身份政治对于小农在抗议开发项目的集体行动中形成团结的能力具有重要意义。然而,这些研究并没有表明,在土地制度的背景下,亲属关系如何能够影响小农组织集体抵抗影响其生计的发展项目的机构。虽然我们不否认传统亲属关系在发展印度尼西亚农业社区团结以开展公共抗议方面的重要性,但亲属关系制度也可能被其他利益集团(如政府、承包商和传统领导人)用于形成某些形式的抵抗行动。通过对西苏门答腊小农抗议政府灌溉项目的民族志研究,我们试图展示传统亲属制度下的社会关系如何显著地塑造了他们进行公开抗议和获得集体支持的能力。小农的行动能力需要在复杂的权力关系动态中进行分析,这些行动者植根于传统的亲属关系中。政府和项目承包商将关键传统领导人纳入项目的策略阻碍了小农抵抗的代理。
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引用次数: 2
‘Pokok Hari Nyalah': Catatan Budaya (Lokal) dalam Membaca Perubahan Iklim (Global) “一天的主题”:文化记录(当地)对气候变化(全球)的解读
Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.7454/ai.v34i2.3970
Nasution Pangeran P P A
Berbagai permasalahan dialami masyarakat berkaitan fenomena perubahan iklim diungkap dengan menelusuri pengetahuan (budaya) mereka memahami dan memerkirakan berbagai keadaan persepsi yang kini mengalami kesimpangiuran; dan upaya diterapkan menghadapi keadaan lingkungan. Kesemuanya itu akan merepresentasikan bagaimana budaya mengungkap perubahan iklim yang bukan hanya tentang persoalan lingkungan fisik semata, melainkan juga merupakan suatu fenomena sosial-kultural. Kata kunci: Perubahan Iklim, Pengetahuan (Budaya), Kesimpangsiuran Lingkungan, dan Fenomena Sosial-Kultural. Abstract In the last decade, the issue of climate change phenomenon has been a serious debate for the people around the world. The impact of the climate change symptom can be felt or experience directly by a societal group in any environment. The problems being experienced by the people related with the climate change phenomenon can be revealed by tracing their knowledge (culture) in understanding and predicting the circumstances of the environment; their perception about the environment which has been more unpredictable in the recent time; and the effort that were applied by them to face of the unpredictable circumstances of the environment. That would be represented how culture revealed the climate change was not only about the physical environment, but also the social-cultural phenomenon.
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引用次数: 0
Simposium Internasional Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia: Membangun Kembali ‘Indonesia yang Bhinneka Tunggal Ika': Menuju Masyarakat Multikultural 《印尼人类学》(journal of人类学)的国际专题讨论会:重建“印尼单一种族”:走向多元文化社会
Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.7454/ai.v0i70.3463
Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Rubrik berita kali ini masih memuat informasi lanjutan tentang resume panel-panel yang digelar pada acara Simposium Internasional Jurnal ANTROPOLOGI INDONESIA ke-3 tanggal16-19 Juli 2002, di Universitas Udayana, Bali. Selain resume dari sebagian sebagian panel tersebut, disajikan pula berita tentang Workshop on Visual Anthropology dalam rubrik berita ini
这则新闻专题还包含更多关于2002年7月3日印尼人类学杂志《tanggal16-19》(tanggal16-19)国际专题讨论会的简历。除了部分小组的简历外,我们还会在这则新闻专题中介绍有关视觉人类学研讨会的新闻
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引用次数: 0
Islam Kangean
Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.7454/ai.v0i72.3475
Abd. Latief Bustami
This article is about Kangean’s Islam. Islamic faith is present in cultural and historical society. Religion is interpreted and analyzed based on the cultural context of society. There- fore, there is a process of dialectics in religion as text and society as context. This process produces Islam which is different in different contexts. This article presents anthropological analysis and not theological analysis. Kangean island has a culture which is different from Javanese, Bawean, and Maduranese culture. The religious faith is analyzed in the context of Kangean culture which result in Kangean’s Islam. Kangean island is shown in the ritual, numerology, belief in spirit, and poer of religious magic. In fact, Kangean’s Islam responds variably to the various aspects mentioned above.
这篇文章是关于加纳的伊斯兰教的。伊斯兰信仰存在于文化和历史社会中。宗教是根据社会的文化背景来解释和分析的。因此,作为文本的宗教与作为语境的社会之间存在着辩证的过程。这个过程产生了在不同背景下不同的伊斯兰教。这篇文章是人类学的分析,而不是神学的分析。康坎岛的文化不同于爪哇、巴哇和马杜罗文化。宗教信仰是在康坎人文化背景下形成的。康坎岛体现在仪式、命理学、对精神的信仰和宗教魔法的力量上。事实上,康坎的伊斯兰教对上述各方面的反应是不同的。
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引用次数: 0
Government, Church, and Millenarian Critique in the Imyan Tradition of the Religious Papua 政府、教会和宗教巴布亚伊姆扬传统中的千禧年批判
Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.7454/ai.v0i65.3416
Jaap Timer
1 This Article is based on the paper Presented at the 1 st International symposium of Journal ANTROPOLOGI INDONESIA ‘The Begining of the 21st Century: Endorsing Regional Autonomy, Understanding Local Cultures, Strengthening National Integration’, Hasanuddin University.Makassar, 1-4 August 2000. Dengan mengumpulkan bahan-bahan dari beberapa masyarakat Kepala Burung dalam rangka proyek penelitian di Irian Jaya, tulisan ini mempelajari bagaimana institusi-institusi ‘tradisional’ bentukan cerita-cerita millenarian dan kemungkinan kehidupan yang mendapat pengaruh ‘Barat’ dan ‘Indonesia’ itu diredusir. Perbandingan dari beberapa masyarakat Kepala Burung memperlihatkan pentingnya memperhatikan perubahan makna dari institusi lokal dalam penelitian dan kebijakan-kebijakan di masa mendatang. Penulis mencoba melihat refleksi masyarakat terhadap institusi lama bukan hanya sekedar sebagai resistensi kesadaran pribadi, melainkan lebih sebagai praktik-praktik signifikan yang memperlihatkan kepiawaian masyarakat dalam mentransformasikan wilayah dan masyarakat lokal menjadi wilayah yang penting dan individu-individu yang berpotensi memiliki kekuasaan. Dalam hal ini, orang-orang Papua tidaklah menghindari ancaman dari luar maupun dari dalam masyarakat mereka sendiri. Penerimaan mereka terhadap hal ini mencakup reproduksi nilai-nilai budaya. Dalam reproduksi nilai-nilai budaya itu terdapat penguatan terhadap batas, wilayah, dan perbedaan kualitas dari kelompok-kelompok lokal, bahkan juga unsur-unsur nasional dari masyarakat Papua (Barat). Atribut tersebut mencakup otonomi pre-kolonial, kekuatan dari pengetahuan nenek moyang untuk memperoleh cargo dan hubungan-hubungan yang terkait dengan makhluk-makhluk supranatural, serta agama kristen. Tulisan ini menggarisbawahi bagaimana masyarakat di Kepala Burung mempertahankan wilayahnya, meredifinisikan kembali intitusi lama dan kepercayaan-kepercayaan di dunia, yang bukan saja menyebabkan mereka mengalami sesuatu yang membingungkan dan menakutkan, melainkan juga membentuk sesuatu yang membedakan mereka dengan masyarakat lainnya.
这篇文章是基于《印尼人类学杂志》第1届国际研讨会的论文《21世纪的起源:了解当地文化、加强国家整合》,哈萨丁大学。马卡萨,2000年8月1日至4日。通过在Irian Jaya的研究项目中从一些鸟类负责人社区收集材料,这篇文章探讨了千年故事的“传统”制度及其“西方”和“印度尼西亚”影响的生活可能性是如何被压制的。比较一些鸟类负责人的社会表明,考虑地方机构在研究和未来政策方面的改变的重要性。作者试图将人们对旧机构的反思视为个人抵抗,而不仅仅是一种重大实践,它显示了社会在将领土和地方转变为重要领域和潜在权力个人方面的专长。在这方面,巴布亚人无法避免来自外部或内部的威胁。他们接受这一点包括生殖文化价值观。这种文化价值观的繁殖增加了当地群体的边界、领土和质量差异,甚至是巴布亚人的民族特征。这些属性包括殖民前自治、祖先获得货物和与超自然生物的联系以及基督教的力量。这篇文章强调了鸟类头脑中的社会是如何保卫自己的领地的,他们自我否定了世界上最古老的机构和信仰,这不仅导致他们经历一些令人困惑和恐惧的事情,而且还形成了一些使他们与众不同的东西。
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引用次数: 0
Kesenian Indonesia
Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.7454/ai.v0i62.3390
M. J. Melalatoa
Art presents a discursive space for thought and affect that is part of the cultural configuration of a society. Thus defined, an assumption is made that Indonesia possesses no discursive space for the 200 million people that make up its pluralistic society, if traditional art presents space only for the bearers of that tradition. There are many who say that 'Indonesian' art has already emerged, and provide examples from various art forms. Furthermore, there is the notion that traditional art is generally static, inferior, unbefitting and unable to fulfill the needs of 'modern' Indonesians-especially going into the 21st century. In fact, traditional art continues to undergo shifts and changes, or to disappear as a discursive space with any significance. While holding to the assumption mentioned above, this article seeks an understanding of traditional art extant in the ethnic groups that comprise Indonesia's pluralistic society. The question is whether the Indonesian people see themselves as heirs to the various traditional art forms, or whether such art can serve as a vehicle for social integration in Indonesia.
艺术为思想和情感提供了一个话语空间,这是社会文化结构的一部分。如此定义,假设印度尼西亚没有为构成其多元社会的2亿人提供话语空间,如果传统艺术仅为该传统的承载者提供空间。有很多人说“印尼”艺术已经出现了,并提供了各种艺术形式的例子。此外,还有一种观念认为,传统艺术通常是静态的、低劣的、不适合的,无法满足“现代”印尼人的需求,尤其是进入21世纪的印尼人。事实上,传统艺术作为一个有意义的话语空间,在不断地发生着转移和变化,或者消失。在坚持上述假设的同时,本文寻求对构成印度尼西亚多元社会的少数民族中存在的传统艺术的理解。问题是印尼人是否认为自己是各种传统艺术形式的继承人,或者这些艺术是否可以作为印尼社会融合的工具。
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引用次数: 0
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Antropologi Indonesia
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