Junjian Lu, Tian Sang, Chui Pian, Siyuan Ouyang, Ze Jing
Flexible control of intrinsic chiroptical responses within compact nanostructures is crucial for flat optics, topological photonics, and chiroptics. However, previous approaches require complicated patterns with both in-plane and out-of-plane mirror symmetry breaking to achieve intrinsic chirality, and their chiroptical responses cannot be dynamically controlled as well. Herein, we demonstrated that near-perfect intrinsic circular dichroism (CD) can be achieved within a lithography-free structure consisting of the twisted bilayer α-MoO3 separated by a vanadium dioxide (VO2) film. By twisting the bilayer α-MoO3, dual-band intrinsic chiroptical responses can be realized due to the excitations of the hyperbolic phonon polaritons modes in the mid-infrared. It is the spin-selected average electric-field enhancement instead of the chiral absorption that is responsible for the intrinsic CD of the device. In addition, the chiroptical responses are insensitive to the variation of the thickness of the structure as well as the incident angle, and high contrast CD can be dynamically tuned by varying the volume fraction of VO2.
{"title":"Tailoring intrinsic chiroptical responses via twisted bilayer α-MoO3 separated by a VO2 film","authors":"Junjian Lu, Tian Sang, Chui Pian, Siyuan Ouyang, Ze Jing","doi":"10.1063/5.0197081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0197081","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible control of intrinsic chiroptical responses within compact nanostructures is crucial for flat optics, topological photonics, and chiroptics. However, previous approaches require complicated patterns with both in-plane and out-of-plane mirror symmetry breaking to achieve intrinsic chirality, and their chiroptical responses cannot be dynamically controlled as well. Herein, we demonstrated that near-perfect intrinsic circular dichroism (CD) can be achieved within a lithography-free structure consisting of the twisted bilayer α-MoO3 separated by a vanadium dioxide (VO2) film. By twisting the bilayer α-MoO3, dual-band intrinsic chiroptical responses can be realized due to the excitations of the hyperbolic phonon polaritons modes in the mid-infrared. It is the spin-selected average electric-field enhancement instead of the chiral absorption that is responsible for the intrinsic CD of the device. In addition, the chiroptical responses are insensitive to the variation of the thickness of the structure as well as the incident angle, and high contrast CD can be dynamically tuned by varying the volume fraction of VO2.","PeriodicalId":8198,"journal":{"name":"APL Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peyman Parsa, Prasoon Kumar Shandilya, David P. Lake, Matthew E. Mitchell, Paul E. Barclay
The amplitude of self-oscillating mechanical resonators in cavity optomechanical systems is typically limited by nonlinearities arising from the cavity’s finite optical bandwidth. We propose and demonstrate a feedback technique for increasing this limit. By modulating the cavity input field with a signal derived from its output intensity, we increase the amplitude of a self-oscillating GHz frequency mechanical resonator by 22% (an increase in coherent phonon number of 50%), limited only by the achievable optomechanical cooperativity of the system. This technique will advance applications dependent on high dynamic mechanical stress, such as coherent spin-phonon coupling, as well as the implementation of sensors based on self-oscillating resonators.
{"title":"Feedback enhanced phonon lasing of a microwave frequency resonator","authors":"Peyman Parsa, Prasoon Kumar Shandilya, David P. Lake, Matthew E. Mitchell, Paul E. Barclay","doi":"10.1063/5.0172554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0172554","url":null,"abstract":"The amplitude of self-oscillating mechanical resonators in cavity optomechanical systems is typically limited by nonlinearities arising from the cavity’s finite optical bandwidth. We propose and demonstrate a feedback technique for increasing this limit. By modulating the cavity input field with a signal derived from its output intensity, we increase the amplitude of a self-oscillating GHz frequency mechanical resonator by 22% (an increase in coherent phonon number of 50%), limited only by the achievable optomechanical cooperativity of the system. This technique will advance applications dependent on high dynamic mechanical stress, such as coherent spin-phonon coupling, as well as the implementation of sensors based on self-oscillating resonators.","PeriodicalId":8198,"journal":{"name":"APL Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140630909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The integration density of silicon photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is ultimately constrained by various crosstalk mechanisms on the chip. Among them, the most prominent limiting factor is the thermal crosstalk due to the wide use of the thermo-optic effect. High-density silicon PICs strongly demand an advanced structure with better thermal crosstalk suppression ability than the traditional air isolation trench. Inspired by the thermal-metamaterial based on the scattering-cancellation method, we demonstrate a closed heat shield (CHS) structure on a silicon PIC chip, which can manipulate the thermal flux to bypass the temperature-sensitive silicon photonics components. The on-chip CHS structure is a bilayer cylindrical shell fabricated by the standard silicon photonics processing flow. Its outer and inner shell layers are formed by a 6-μm-wide interconnection metal and 4-μm-wide air trench, respectively. Plenty of temperature-sensitive micro-ring resonators inside the CHS are used to probe the temperature profile. The measurement results show that the CHS can reduce the local temperatures by 50%/44%/36% at the locations 29/41/83 μm away from the external heater. In contrast, the conventional air trench of the same dimension reduces the local temperatures by 32%/28%/21% at the same positions. In addition, the response time of the thermal field inside the CHS is around one-half of that in the conventional air trench. Furthermore, the simulation result indicates that if the outer shell of the CHS can contact with the silicon substrate by utilizing the through-silicon-via structure, the thermal crosstalk suppression ability can be improved significantly.
{"title":"Thermal flux manipulation on the silicon photonic chip to suppress the thermal crosstalk","authors":"Nannan Ning, Qiang Zhang, Qikai Huang, Yuehai Wang, Bihu Lv, Kun Yin, Jianyi Yang, Hui Yu","doi":"10.1063/5.0193387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0193387","url":null,"abstract":"The integration density of silicon photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is ultimately constrained by various crosstalk mechanisms on the chip. Among them, the most prominent limiting factor is the thermal crosstalk due to the wide use of the thermo-optic effect. High-density silicon PICs strongly demand an advanced structure with better thermal crosstalk suppression ability than the traditional air isolation trench. Inspired by the thermal-metamaterial based on the scattering-cancellation method, we demonstrate a closed heat shield (CHS) structure on a silicon PIC chip, which can manipulate the thermal flux to bypass the temperature-sensitive silicon photonics components. The on-chip CHS structure is a bilayer cylindrical shell fabricated by the standard silicon photonics processing flow. Its outer and inner shell layers are formed by a 6-μm-wide interconnection metal and 4-μm-wide air trench, respectively. Plenty of temperature-sensitive micro-ring resonators inside the CHS are used to probe the temperature profile. The measurement results show that the CHS can reduce the local temperatures by 50%/44%/36% at the locations 29/41/83 μm away from the external heater. In contrast, the conventional air trench of the same dimension reduces the local temperatures by 32%/28%/21% at the same positions. In addition, the response time of the thermal field inside the CHS is around one-half of that in the conventional air trench. Furthermore, the simulation result indicates that if the outer shell of the CHS can contact with the silicon substrate by utilizing the through-silicon-via structure, the thermal crosstalk suppression ability can be improved significantly.","PeriodicalId":8198,"journal":{"name":"APL Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140569166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaofei Li, Xin Liu, Quanying Wu, Jun Zeng, Yangjian Cai, Sergey A. Ponomarenko, Chunhao Liang
We point out a link between orbital angular momentum (OAM) carrying light beams and number theory. The established link makes it possible to formulate and implement a simple and ultrafast protocol for prime number factorization by employing OAM endowed beams that are modulated by a prime number sieve. We are able to differentiate factors from non-factors of a number by simply measuring the on-axis intensity of light in the rear focal plane of a thin lens focusing on a source beam. The proposed protocol solely relies on the periodicity of the OAM phase distribution, and hence, it is applicable to fully as well as partially coherent fields of any frequency and physical nature—from optical or x-ray to matter waves—endowed with OAM. Our experimental results are in excellent agreement with our theory. We anticipate that our protocol will trigger new developments in optical cryptography and information processing with OAM beams.
我们指出了携带轨道角动量（OAM）的光束与数论之间的联系。有了这种联系，我们就有可能利用由质数筛调制的、带有轨道角动量的光束，制定并实施一种简单、超快的质数因式分解协议。我们只需测量聚焦于源光束的薄透镜后焦平面上的轴上光强，就能区分一个数的因数和非因数。我们提出的方案完全依赖于 OAM 相位分布的周期性，因此适用于任何频率和物理性质的全相干场和部分相干场--从光学或 X 射线到物质波--都具有 OAM。我们的实验结果与我们的理论非常吻合。我们预计，我们的协议将引发光学密码学和使用 OAM 光束进行信息处理的新发展。
{"title":"Prime number factorization with light beams carrying orbital angular momentum","authors":"Xiaofei Li, Xin Liu, Quanying Wu, Jun Zeng, Yangjian Cai, Sergey A. Ponomarenko, Chunhao Liang","doi":"10.1063/5.0192223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0192223","url":null,"abstract":"We point out a link between orbital angular momentum (OAM) carrying light beams and number theory. The established link makes it possible to formulate and implement a simple and ultrafast protocol for prime number factorization by employing OAM endowed beams that are modulated by a prime number sieve. We are able to differentiate factors from non-factors of a number by simply measuring the on-axis intensity of light in the rear focal plane of a thin lens focusing on a source beam. The proposed protocol solely relies on the periodicity of the OAM phase distribution, and hence, it is applicable to fully as well as partially coherent fields of any frequency and physical nature—from optical or x-ray to matter waves—endowed with OAM. Our experimental results are in excellent agreement with our theory. We anticipate that our protocol will trigger new developments in optical cryptography and information processing with OAM beams.","PeriodicalId":8198,"journal":{"name":"APL Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140569069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isaac Doughan, Atsu L. Asilevi, Atri Halder, Tian-Long Guo, Erika Mogni, Michele Celebrano, Marco Finazzi, Giovanni Pellegrini, Paolo Biagioni, Emiliano Descrovi, Matthieu Roussey, Jari Turunen
The resonant excitation of Bloch Surface Waves (BSWs) in dielectric one-dimensional photonic crystals is becoming a realistic photonic solution for surface integration in many domains, from spectroscopy to local field management. Bringing BSWs to ultrafast and nonlinear regimes requires a deep knowledge of the effects that the photonic crystal dispersion and the resonant surface wave excitation have on the ultrashort laser pulses. We report on the experimental evidence of spectral and temporal modifications of the radiation leaving a planar one-dimensional photonic crystal after coupling to BSWs. In such a resonant condition, a characteristic long temporal tail is observed in the outgoing pulses. Observations are performed by employing both frequency-resolved optical gating and field cross-correlation techniques.
{"title":"Temporal and spectral signatures of the interaction between ultrashort laser pulses and Bloch surface waves","authors":"Isaac Doughan, Atsu L. Asilevi, Atri Halder, Tian-Long Guo, Erika Mogni, Michele Celebrano, Marco Finazzi, Giovanni Pellegrini, Paolo Biagioni, Emiliano Descrovi, Matthieu Roussey, Jari Turunen","doi":"10.1063/5.0183704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0183704","url":null,"abstract":"The resonant excitation of Bloch Surface Waves (BSWs) in dielectric one-dimensional photonic crystals is becoming a realistic photonic solution for surface integration in many domains, from spectroscopy to local field management. Bringing BSWs to ultrafast and nonlinear regimes requires a deep knowledge of the effects that the photonic crystal dispersion and the resonant surface wave excitation have on the ultrashort laser pulses. We report on the experimental evidence of spectral and temporal modifications of the radiation leaving a planar one-dimensional photonic crystal after coupling to BSWs. In such a resonant condition, a characteristic long temporal tail is observed in the outgoing pulses. Observations are performed by employing both frequency-resolved optical gating and field cross-correlation techniques.","PeriodicalId":8198,"journal":{"name":"APL Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rihito Tamura, Praveen Kumar, A. Srinivasa Rao, Kazuki Tsuda, Fanny Getzlaff, Katsuhiko Miyamoto, Natalia M. Litchinitser, Takashige Omatsu
Skyrmions, topologically stable configurations of a three-component vector field with sophisticated textures, have been considered in many contexts, including atomic physics, Bose–Einstein condensates, liquid crystals, and magnetic materials. Although optical counterparts of skyrmions have extensively been studied theoretically and recently demonstrated in the laboratory experiments, their experimental mapping is challenging due to the fine, three-dimensional, and complicated structure of their polarization distributions. Here, we propose and demonstrate a straightforward mapping of the polarization textures of optical Néel-, Bloch-, and anti-skyrmions based on the radiation pressure and direct imprinting of the skyrmion textures on azopolymers. These results not only elucidate the exotic interaction that occurs between topologically protected quasiparticles of light and matter but also provide a simple approach for generation and characterization of optical skyrmions, based on a dual-path polarization shaping configuration with a single spatial light modulator, and their measurements based on the radiation pressure.
{"title":"Direct imprint of optical skyrmions in azopolymers as photoinduced relief structures","authors":"Rihito Tamura, Praveen Kumar, A. Srinivasa Rao, Kazuki Tsuda, Fanny Getzlaff, Katsuhiko Miyamoto, Natalia M. Litchinitser, Takashige Omatsu","doi":"10.1063/5.0192239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0192239","url":null,"abstract":"Skyrmions, topologically stable configurations of a three-component vector field with sophisticated textures, have been considered in many contexts, including atomic physics, Bose–Einstein condensates, liquid crystals, and magnetic materials. Although optical counterparts of skyrmions have extensively been studied theoretically and recently demonstrated in the laboratory experiments, their experimental mapping is challenging due to the fine, three-dimensional, and complicated structure of their polarization distributions. Here, we propose and demonstrate a straightforward mapping of the polarization textures of optical Néel-, Bloch-, and anti-skyrmions based on the radiation pressure and direct imprinting of the skyrmion textures on azopolymers. These results not only elucidate the exotic interaction that occurs between topologically protected quasiparticles of light and matter but also provide a simple approach for generation and characterization of optical skyrmions, based on a dual-path polarization shaping configuration with a single spatial light modulator, and their measurements based on the radiation pressure.","PeriodicalId":8198,"journal":{"name":"APL Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roel Botter, Jasper van den Hoogen, Akhileshwar Mishra, Kaixuan Ye, Albert van Rees, Marcel Hoekman, Klaus Boller, David Marpaung
Brillouin enhanced four wave mixing in the form of a Brillouin dynamic grating (BDG) enables a uniquely tunable filter whose properties can be tuned by purely optical means. This makes the BDG a valuable tool in microwave photonics (MWP). BDGs have been studied extensively in fibers, but the only observation in an integrated platform required exotic materials. Unlocking BDG in a standard and mature platform will enable its integration into large-scale circuits. Here, we demonstrate the first observation of a BDG in a silicon nitride (Si3N4) waveguide. We also present a new and optimized design, which will enhance the BDG response of the waveguide, unlocking the path to large-scale integration into MWP circuits.
{"title":"Observation of a Brillouin dynamic grating in silicon nitride waveguides","authors":"Roel Botter, Jasper van den Hoogen, Akhileshwar Mishra, Kaixuan Ye, Albert van Rees, Marcel Hoekman, Klaus Boller, David Marpaung","doi":"10.1063/5.0178804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0178804","url":null,"abstract":"Brillouin enhanced four wave mixing in the form of a Brillouin dynamic grating (BDG) enables a uniquely tunable filter whose properties can be tuned by purely optical means. This makes the BDG a valuable tool in microwave photonics (MWP). BDGs have been studied extensively in fibers, but the only observation in an integrated platform required exotic materials. Unlocking BDG in a standard and mature platform will enable its integration into large-scale circuits. Here, we demonstrate the first observation of a BDG in a silicon nitride (Si3N4) waveguide. We also present a new and optimized design, which will enhance the BDG response of the waveguide, unlocking the path to large-scale integration into MWP circuits.","PeriodicalId":8198,"journal":{"name":"APL Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140569307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical systems use acousto-optic deflectors (AODs) mostly for fast angular scanning and spectral filtering of laser beams. However, AODs may transform laser light in much broader ways. When time-locked to the pulsing of low repetition rate laser amplifiers, AODs permit the holographic reconstruction of 1D and pseudo-two-dimensional (ps2D) intensity objects of rectangular shape by controlling the amplitude and phase of the light field at high (20–200 kHz) rates for microscopic light patterning. Using iterative Fourier transformations (IFTs), we searched for AOD-compatible holograms to reconstruct the given ps2D target patterns through either phase-only or complex light field modulation. We previously showed that phase-only holograms can adequately render grid-like patterns of diffraction-limited points with non-overlapping diffraction orders, while side lobes to the target pattern can be cured with an apodization mask. Dense target patterns, in contrast, are typically encumbered by apodization-resistant speckle noise. Here, we show the denoised rendering of dense ps2D objects by complex acousto-optic holograms deriving from simultaneous optimization of the amplitude and phase of the light field. Target patterns lacking ps2D symmetry, although not translatable into single holograms, were accessed by serial holography based on a segregation into ps2D-compatible components. The holograms retrieved under different regularizations were experimentally validated in an AOD random-access microscope. IFT regularizations characterized in this work extend the versatility of acousto-optic holography for fast dynamic light patterning.
{"title":"Acousto-optic holography for pseudo-two-dimensional dynamic light patterning","authors":"Walther Akemann, Laurent Bourdieu","doi":"10.1063/5.0185857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0185857","url":null,"abstract":"Optical systems use acousto-optic deflectors (AODs) mostly for fast angular scanning and spectral filtering of laser beams. However, AODs may transform laser light in much broader ways. When time-locked to the pulsing of low repetition rate laser amplifiers, AODs permit the holographic reconstruction of 1D and pseudo-two-dimensional (ps2D) intensity objects of rectangular shape by controlling the amplitude and phase of the light field at high (20–200 kHz) rates for microscopic light patterning. Using iterative Fourier transformations (IFTs), we searched for AOD-compatible holograms to reconstruct the given ps2D target patterns through either phase-only or complex light field modulation. We previously showed that phase-only holograms can adequately render grid-like patterns of diffraction-limited points with non-overlapping diffraction orders, while side lobes to the target pattern can be cured with an apodization mask. Dense target patterns, in contrast, are typically encumbered by apodization-resistant speckle noise. Here, we show the denoised rendering of dense ps2D objects by complex acousto-optic holograms deriving from simultaneous optimization of the amplitude and phase of the light field. Target patterns lacking ps2D symmetry, although not translatable into single holograms, were accessed by serial holography based on a segregation into ps2D-compatible components. The holograms retrieved under different regularizations were experimentally validated in an AOD random-access microscope. IFT regularizations characterized in this work extend the versatility of acousto-optic holography for fast dynamic light patterning.","PeriodicalId":8198,"journal":{"name":"APL Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aleksandr Donodin, Egor Manuylovich, Vladislav Dvoyrin, Mikhail Melkumov, Valery Mashinsky, Sergei Turitsyn
Multi-band transmission is one of the key practical solutions to cope with the continuously growing demand on the capacity of optical communication networks without changing the huge existing fiber base. However, ultra-broadband communication requires the development of novel power efficient optical amplifiers operating beyond C- and L-bands, and this is a major research and technical challenge comparable to the introduction of the seminal erbium-doped fiber amplifiers that dramatically changed the optical communication sector. There are several types of optical fibers operating beyond C- and L-bands that can be used for the development of such amplifiers, specifically the fibers doped with neodymium, praseodymium, thulium, and bismuth. However, among these, Bi-doped fibers are of special interest as the most promising amplification medium because, unlike the others, different Bi-associated active centers allow amplification in an enormous band of overall width of 700 nm (1100–1800 nm). Such spectral coverage can be obtained by using different host materials, such as aluminosilicate, phosphosilicate, silica, and germanosilicate glasses. Here, we report a novel Bi-doped fiber amplifier with record characteristics for E-band amplification, including the highest power conversion efficiency among telecom-compatible E-band amplifiers reported to date. This bismuth-doped fiber amplifier (BDFA) features a maximum gain of 39.8 dB and a minimal noise figure of 4.6 dB enabled by 173 m Bi-doped fiber length. The maximum achieved power conversion efficiency of 38% is higher than that of L-band Er-doped fiber amplifiers. This performance demonstrates the high potential of BDFA for becoming the amplifier of choice in modern multi-band optical communication networks.
多波段传输是在不改变现有庞大光纤基础的情况下，满足对光通信网络容量不断增长的需求的关键实用解决方案之一。然而，超宽带通信需要开发工作在 C 波段和 L 波段之外的新型高能效光放大器，这是一项重大的研究和技术挑战，其意义堪比掺铒光纤放大器的问世，后者极大地改变了光通信领域。有几种工作在 C 波段和 L 波段以外的光纤可用于开发此类放大器，特别是掺杂钕、掺杂镨、掺杂铥和掺杂铋的光纤。然而，在这些光纤中，掺铒光纤作为最有前途的放大介质特别引人关注，因为与其他光纤不同，不同的掺铒活性中心可以放大总宽度为 700 纳米（1100-1800 纳米）的巨大波段。使用不同的宿主材料，如硅酸铝、磷硅酸盐、二氧化硅和锗硅酸盐玻璃，可以获得这样的光谱覆盖范围。在此，我们报告了一种新型掺铋光纤放大器，它具有创纪录的 E 波段放大特性，包括迄今为止所报告的电信兼容 E 波段放大器中最高的功率转换效率。这种掺铋光纤放大器（BDFA）的最大增益为 39.8 dB，最小噪声系数为 4.6 dB，掺铋光纤长度为 173 m。实现的最大功率转换效率为 38%，高于 L 波段掺铒光纤放大器。这一性能表明，BDFA 极有可能成为现代多波段光通信网络中的首选放大器。
{"title":"E-band telecom-compatible 40 dB gain high-power bismuth-doped fiber amplifier with record power conversion efficiency","authors":"Aleksandr Donodin, Egor Manuylovich, Vladislav Dvoyrin, Mikhail Melkumov, Valery Mashinsky, Sergei Turitsyn","doi":"10.1063/5.0187069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0187069","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-band transmission is one of the key practical solutions to cope with the continuously growing demand on the capacity of optical communication networks without changing the huge existing fiber base. However, ultra-broadband communication requires the development of novel power efficient optical amplifiers operating beyond C- and L-bands, and this is a major research and technical challenge comparable to the introduction of the seminal erbium-doped fiber amplifiers that dramatically changed the optical communication sector. There are several types of optical fibers operating beyond C- and L-bands that can be used for the development of such amplifiers, specifically the fibers doped with neodymium, praseodymium, thulium, and bismuth. However, among these, Bi-doped fibers are of special interest as the most promising amplification medium because, unlike the others, different Bi-associated active centers allow amplification in an enormous band of overall width of 700 nm (1100–1800 nm). Such spectral coverage can be obtained by using different host materials, such as aluminosilicate, phosphosilicate, silica, and germanosilicate glasses. Here, we report a novel Bi-doped fiber amplifier with record characteristics for E-band amplification, including the highest power conversion efficiency among telecom-compatible E-band amplifiers reported to date. This bismuth-doped fiber amplifier (BDFA) features a maximum gain of 39.8 dB and a minimal noise figure of 4.6 dB enabled by 173 m Bi-doped fiber length. The maximum achieved power conversion efficiency of 38% is higher than that of L-band Er-doped fiber amplifiers. This performance demonstrates the high potential of BDFA for becoming the amplifier of choice in modern multi-band optical communication networks.","PeriodicalId":8198,"journal":{"name":"APL Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victoria Cao, Shujie Pan, Di Wu, Hongguang Zhang, M. Tang, Alwyn Seeds, Huiyun Liu, Xi Xiao, Siming Chen
Bi-directionally operated amplifiers enabling efficient utilization of transmission wavelengths are promising candidates in densely integrated photonic circuits for future cost-effective, power-efficient optical networks. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, a broadband semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) based on a novel chirped multilayered quantum dot (QD) structure, which is suitable for bi-directional amplification via the dual ground state (GS) emission spectrum. The fabricated QD SOA has achieved a maximum 3-dB gain bandwidth of 50 nm while retaining on-chip gain above 20 dB at both GS wavelengths. Under an optimum pumping current of 280 mA, the bi-directionally operated QD SOA has shown around 10 dB receiver sensitivity improvement in ultra-high-speed 100 Gbaud non-return-to-zero and 53.125 Gbaud four-level pulse amplitude modulation data transmission systems.
可有效利用传输波长的双向工作放大器是未来高性价比、高能效光网络中密集集成光子电路的理想候选器件。在这里，我们首次展示了一种基于新型啁啾多层量子点（QD）结构的宽带半导体光放大器（SOA），它适合通过双基态（GS）发射光谱进行双向放大。所制造的 QD SOA 实现了 50 nm 的最大 3 dB 增益带宽，同时在两个 GS 波长上都保持了 20 dB 以上的片上增益。在 280 mA 的最佳抽运电流下，双向工作的 QD SOA 在超高速 100 Gbaud 非归零和 53.125 Gbaud 四电平脉冲幅度调制数据传输系统中的接收灵敏度提高了约 10 dB。
{"title":"A novel bidirectionally operated chirped quantum-dot based semiconductor optical amplifier using a dual ground state spectrum","authors":"Victoria Cao, Shujie Pan, Di Wu, Hongguang Zhang, M. Tang, Alwyn Seeds, Huiyun Liu, Xi Xiao, Siming Chen","doi":"10.1063/5.0194677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0194677","url":null,"abstract":"Bi-directionally operated amplifiers enabling efficient utilization of transmission wavelengths are promising candidates in densely integrated photonic circuits for future cost-effective, power-efficient optical networks. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, a broadband semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) based on a novel chirped multilayered quantum dot (QD) structure, which is suitable for bi-directional amplification via the dual ground state (GS) emission spectrum. The fabricated QD SOA has achieved a maximum 3-dB gain bandwidth of 50 nm while retaining on-chip gain above 20 dB at both GS wavelengths. Under an optimum pumping current of 280 mA, the bi-directionally operated QD SOA has shown around 10 dB receiver sensitivity improvement in ultra-high-speed 100 Gbaud non-return-to-zero and 53.125 Gbaud four-level pulse amplitude modulation data transmission systems.","PeriodicalId":8198,"journal":{"name":"APL Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140762628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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