Applied Thermal Engineering最新文献_第5页

Cluster consensus control for multisource microwave heating via spatiotemporal fusion 基于时空融合的多源微波加热聚类共识控制

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129758

Biao Yang , Baowei Song , Yuling Zhou , Cheng Cheng , Yuchen Li , Zhongyi He

To simultaneously improve the temperature uniformity and energy efficiency of multi-source microwave heating systems, this study proposes a cluster optimisation strategy that integrates spatiotemporal feature fusion, group reconfiguration, and consensus coordination. A multi-layer spatiotemporal feature fusion framework is developed, in which microwave sources, interaction channels, and material regions are treated as intelligent agents at different hierarchical levels, enabling cross-layer perception and dynamic coupling of the electromagnetic–thermal process.

Based on this framework, we design a spatiotemporal score-driven topology-switching mechanism is designed that adaptively partitions the microwave sources into three functional groups — enhancement, maintenance, and attenuation — based on thermal-zone feedback and energy distribution trends. This mechanism enables real-time reconstruction of energy paths and differentiated power regulation. Additionally, a distributed consensus control protocol is established to ensure continuous power tracking and system-wide coordination under frequent topology switching.

Simulation results demonstrate that, under the same total power condition, the proposed dynamic topology-switching strategy significantly enhances the system performance. In the vertical cross-section, the temperature uniformity and electromagnetic field uniformity improve by 4.79%–43.20% and 0.42%–39.65%, respectively; in the horizontal cross-section, the temperature uniformity and electromagnetic field uniformity improve by 7.83%–35.37% and 6.80%–38.94%, respectively. The overall energy efficiency increases by 18.59% and 20.01% compared to fixed-topology and non-grouping strategies, respectively.

The main innovations of this study are as follows: (1) A multi-dimensional spatiotemporal feature fusion framework is proposed to achieve cross-layer adaptive modelling of electromagnetic–thermal processes; (2) A spatiotemporal score-based cluster topology-switching algorithm is established to realise differentiated energy regulation and dynamic group optimisation; (3) A distributed consensus control protocol suitable for frequently switching networks is designed to ensure global coordination and steady-state trackability. This strategy provides a novel approach for the intelligent and efficient operation of multi-source microwave heating systems and offers theoretical and engineering references for adaptive optimisation.

为了同时提高多源微波加热系统的温度均匀性和能量效率，本研究提出了一种集时空特征融合、群体重构和共识协调于一体的聚类优化策略。建立了一个多层时空特征融合框架，将微波源、相互作用通道和材料区域作为不同层次的智能体，实现了电磁-热过程的跨层感知和动态耦合。在此基础上，基于热区反馈和能量分布趋势，设计了一种时空积分驱动的拓扑切换机制，将微波源自适应划分为增强、维持和衰减三个功能组。该机制实现了能量路径的实时重建和差异化的功率调节。此外，还建立了分布式一致性控制协议，以保证在频繁拓扑切换情况下的持续电力跟踪和全系统协调。仿真结果表明，在相同的总功率条件下，所提出的动态拓扑切换策略显著提高了系统性能。在垂直截面上，温度均匀性和电磁场均匀性分别提高4.79% ~ 43.20%和0.42% ~ 39.65%；在水平截面，温度均匀性和电磁场均匀性分别提高了7.83% ~ 35.37%和6.80% ~ 38.94%。与固定拓扑和非分组策略相比，总能源效率分别提高了18.59%和20.01%。本研究的主要创新点有：(1)提出了一种多维时空特征融合框架，实现了电磁-热过程的跨层自适应建模；(2)建立基于时空分数的聚类拓扑切换算法，实现差异化能量调节和动态群优化；(3)设计了一种适用于频繁交换网络的分布式共识控制协议，以保证全局协调和稳态可跟踪性。该策略为多源微波加热系统的智能高效运行提供了新的途径，并为自适应优化提供了理论和工程参考。

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引用次数: 0

An adaptive, standalone, and scalable solar combined heat and power system with AI-enhanced universal energy management 一个自适应的、独立的、可扩展的太阳能热电联产系统，具有人工智能增强的通用能源管理

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129725

Yang Wang , Kefeng Wu , Lichao Ge , Heping Li , Iñigo Ortega-Fernández , Daniel Bielsa

To address the operational flexibility challenges of small-scale distributed solar combined heat and power plants under unstable solar input and fluctuating user demand, this study proposes an artificial intelligence-driven dynamic energy management approach integrated with knowledge graph technology for autonomous peak shaving. Conventional control strategies suffer from inadequate information exchange between upstream generation and downstream consumption modules, limiting their ability to handle system complexity. To solve this, first a simplified heat hub was developed with manual intervention to establish basic system information connectivity, which achieved desired flexibility but was constrained by low responsiveness and accuracy. Leveraging operational data from this preliminary system, a knowledge graph was constructed which effectively captured inherent information flow patterns and revealed key system behavioral insights. Guided by these insights, an enhanced heat hub was designed and optimized, significantly improving information transmission efficiency and peak-shaving accuracy. The results demonstrate that the knowledge graph-enabled approach overcomes critical energy management challenges in distributed solar systems by bridging the information gap between upstream and downstream subsystems. This study not only verifies the technical feasibility of integrating knowledge graph with solar combined heat and power systems for improved operational performance but also showcases the promising application prospects of artificial intelligence technologies in advancing the flexibility and reliability of distributed energy systems, providing valuable guidance for the development of efficient and stable solar energy utilization solutions.

为了解决小规模分布式太阳能热电联产电厂在太阳能输入不稳定和用户需求波动情况下的运行灵活性挑战，本研究提出了一种集成知识图谱技术的人工智能驱动的动态能源管理方法，用于自主调峰。传统的控制策略存在上游发电和下游用电模块之间信息交换不足的问题，限制了它们处理系统复杂性的能力。为了解决这个问题，首先开发了一个简化的热中心，通过人工干预来建立基本的系统信息连接，这实现了所需的灵活性，但受到低响应性和准确性的限制。利用该初步系统的运行数据，构建了一个知识图谱，有效地捕获了固有的信息流模式，并揭示了关键的系统行为洞察。在这些见解的指导下，设计并优化了增强型热中心，显著提高了信息传输效率和调峰精度。结果表明，知识图支持的方法通过弥合上游和下游子系统之间的信息差距，克服了分布式太阳能系统中关键的能源管理挑战。本研究不仅验证了知识图谱与太阳能热电联产系统集成提高运行性能的技术可行性，而且展示了人工智能技术在提高分布式能源系统灵活性和可靠性方面的良好应用前景，为开发高效、稳定的太阳能利用解决方案提供了有价值的指导。

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引用次数: 0

A physically constrained hybrid modeling framework for real-time simulation of parabolic trough solar field in CSP plants 光热电站抛物槽太阳能场实时仿真的物理约束混合建模框架

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129730

Lengge Si , Xianrang Zhou , Hongjuan Hou , Zhi Zhou , Kun Zhuang , Qi Liu , Hui Zhang

Accurate prediction of the heat transfer fluid (HTF) outlet temperature in parabolic trough solar collectors (PTC) is essential for control, steam generation scheduling, and thermal-storage management. However, traditional physical models often suffer from unmodeled dynamics and parameter uncertainties, whereas data-driven models lack interpretability and generalize poorly under fluctuating conditions. To address these challenges, this study proposes a novel hybrid modeling framework that integrates a first-principles physical model with a neural network (NN) to dynamically correct residual errors. The framework employs a rolling physics-constrained learning mechanism that corrects model mismatch while enforcing hard physical bounds on HTF states to preserve plausibility and stability. We systematically compare nine neural network architectures. Simulation using operational data from a 50 MW solar thermal plant under two different weather scenarios demonstrates that Squeeze-and-Excitation with Convolutional Neural Network (SE-CNN-) enhanced models significantly outperform basic models, reducing mean absolute error (MAE) by over 80% and maintaining high accuracy (R² > 0.997) even under highly transient conditions. The framework is real-time capable and robust to weather/input disturbances via rolling updates, enabling reliable dynamic simulation. The proposed approach provides a practical pathway to combine interpretability and adaptability in dynamic simulations, and offers a robust and generalizable solution for real-time digital twinning and predictive control of solar thermal systems.

抛物槽式太阳能集热器（PTC）中传热流体（HTF）出口温度的准确预测对于控制、蒸汽产生调度和蓄热管理至关重要。然而，传统的物理模型往往存在未建模的动力学和参数不确定性，而数据驱动的模型缺乏可解释性，在波动条件下泛化能力差。为了应对这些挑战，本研究提出了一种新的混合建模框架，该框架将第一性原理物理模型与神经网络（NN）相结合，以动态校正残差。该框架采用滚动物理约束学习机制来纠正模型不匹配，同时在HTF状态上强制执行硬物理边界，以保持合理性和稳定性。我们系统地比较了九种神经网络架构。利用两种不同天气情景下50 MW太阳能热电厂的运行数据进行的仿真表明，卷积神经网络（SE-CNN-）增强的挤压激励模型显著优于基本模型，将平均绝对误差（MAE）降低了80%以上，即使在高瞬态条件下也能保持较高的精度（R2 > 0.997）。该框架具有实时性，并且通过滚动更新对天气/输入干扰具有鲁棒性，从而实现可靠的动态模拟。该方法为动态仿真中的可解释性和适应性相结合提供了一条实用的途径，为太阳能热系统的实时数字孪生和预测控制提供了鲁棒性和通用性的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Performance of phase change material foam panels in cold chain 相变材料泡沫板在冷链中的性能

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129735

Qun Du , Mohammed Mehdi Farid , Wenye Lin , Wenji Song , Ziping Feng

Thermal management in refrigerated transport critically affects product quality and energy consumption, yet unavoidable operational disturbances, such as door openings and long standby periods, remain challenging. This study evaluates the thermal buffering performance and working mechanisms of phase change material foam (PCM-Foam) panels integrated into vehicle interior walls by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, supported by experimental measurements, showing average temperature differences of 0.5 to 1.7 °C between the predictions and experiments. Three representative scenarios were simulated: door opening, post-closure active refrigeration, and long-duration standby. The results show that the PCM-Foam panels significantly reduced both the temperature rise rate and peak temperature during door-opening events, with more pronounced effects at higher ambient temperatures. At ambient temperature of 32.5 °C, the compartment with PCM reached a peak temperature 8.9 °C lower (a 33.2% reduction) than the compartment without PCM. Following door closure, the PCM-Foam panels initially released the stored cold energy, accelerating the early cooling phase and reaching 4 °C, approximately 5.5 min faster. Subsequently, the PCM-Foam panels absorbed cooling capacity, slightly lowering the cooling rate. During extended standby periods, PCM-Foam panels substantially improved thermal retention, maintaining the compartment temperature roughly 17.1 °C lower after two hours and achieving uniform temperature distribution. The PCM-Foam panels simultaneously act as a cold surface that cools the compartment air and as a thermal barrier against exterior heat conduction.

冷藏运输中的热管理严重影响产品质量和能源消耗，但不可避免的操作干扰，如开门和长时间待机，仍然具有挑战性。本研究通过计算流体力学（CFD）模拟，结合实验测量，对汽车内墙集成相变材料泡沫板（PCM-Foam）的热缓冲性能和工作机理进行了评估，结果表明，预测结果与实验结果的平均温差为0.5 ~ 1.7°C。模拟了三种典型场景：开门、关闭后主动制冷和长时间待机。结果表明，PCM-Foam板显著降低了车门开启过程中的温升速率和峰值温度，且在较高的环境温度下效果更为显著。在环境温度为32.5℃时，有PCM的隔室的峰值温度比没有PCM的隔室低8.9℃（降低33.2%）。在门关闭后，PCM-Foam面板最初释放了储存的冷能量，加速了早期冷却阶段，达到4°C，大约快了5.5分钟。随后，PCM-Foam板吸收冷却能力，略微降低冷却速度。在延长的待机时间内，PCM-Foam面板大大提高了保热性，在两小时后将舱室温度保持在17.1°C左右，并实现了均匀的温度分布。pcm泡沫板同时作为冷却车厢空气的冷表面，并作为防止外部热传导的热障。

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引用次数: 0

A comparative investigation of four multi-channel flow field designs in PEM water electrolysis utilizing a full-scale multi-physics model 利用全尺寸多物理场模型对PEM水电解中四种多通道流场设计进行了比较研究

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129748

Bin-Xin Qiao , Pu He , Yu-Chen Li , Xi-Kui Wang , Kai Liu , Wen-Quan Tao

Effective flow field design is essential for improving efficiency and durability in green hydrogen production. A comprehensive investigation was carried out to assess the effect of multi-channel flow field configurations on the performance of proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis. Four designs, five-parallel (FPFF), four-serpentine (FSFF), interdigitated(IIFF) and serpentine-parallel (SPFF), were systematically compared using a full-scale multi-physics model. The distributions of velocity, pressure, temperature, current density, and liquid water saturation were analyzed. Additionally, a quantitative breakdown of voltage losses was conducted, and a multi-criteria framework based on an entropy weight method was used to link design features to overall performance. Results showed that although FSFF had a higher voltage, it yielded the most uniform thermal and hydration fields. At 2.5 A·cm⁻², the average membrane temperature was 346.9 K and the uniformity index 0.017. The lower cell voltage observed in FPFF was attributed to localize temperature increases, which enhanced the exchange current density and reduced activation overpotential. Final performance scores based on the entropy weight method ranked the designs as follows: FSFF (0.610) > SPFF (0.608) > FPFF (0.485) > IIFF (0.459). These results demonstrate that polarization curve alone is not a sufficient performance indicator. Instead, effective integration of water and thermal management should guide flow field design to improve both efficiency and durability.

有效的流场设计是提高绿色制氢效率和耐久性的关键。研究了多通道流场构型对质子交换膜（PEM）电解性能的影响。采用全尺寸多物理场模型对五平行（FPFF）、四蛇形（FSFF）、交叉（IIFF）和蛇形平行（SPFF）四种设计进行了系统比较。分析了流速、压力、温度、电流密度和液态水饱和度的分布。此外，对电压损失进行了定量分解，并使用基于熵权法的多准则框架将设计特征与整体性能联系起来。结果表明，虽然FSFF具有较高的电压，但其产生的热和水化场最为均匀。在2.5 A·cm−2条件下，平均膜温为346.9 K，均匀性指数为0.017。在FPFF中观察到的较低电池电压归因于局部温度升高，这增加了交换电流密度并降低了激活过电位。基于熵权法的最终性能评分为：FSFF (0.610) > SPFF (0.608) > FPFF (0.485) >； IIFF（0.459）。这些结果表明，极化曲线本身并不是一个充分的性能指标。相反，水和热管理的有效整合应该指导流场设计，以提高效率和耐久性。

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引用次数: 0

Boiling-driven heat spreader for thermal management of high-power chips in liquid cooling applications 用于液体冷却应用中大功率芯片热管理的沸腾驱动散热器

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129715

Su-Yoon Doh , Seung M. You , Seongmook Jeong , Jungho Lee

With the rapid growth of high-power server chips, the thermal design power (TDP) has significantly increased, revealing the limitations of conventional vapor chambers that rely on evaporation and wick-based liquid circulation. In this study, a wickless boiling-driven heat spreader (BDHS) employing boiling heat transfer and bubble pumping was designed and fabricated for large-area heat sources. Its thermal performance was systematically evaluated with respect to thickness (2–4 mm), filling ratio (FR = 60–80%), and orientation (horizontal and vertical). Under a 645 mm² heat source, the BDHS achieved a minimum thermal resistance of 0.02 K/W and a maximum heat dissipation of 1003 W (155.5 W/cm²), demonstrating superior performance compared to copper solid plates of the same thickness. Decomposition of thermal resistance revealed that the performance improvement originated primarily from a significant reduction in spreading thermal resistance. General linear model (GLM) analysis revealed that the minimum thermal resistance was strongly dependent on thickness, FR, and orientation, whereas the maximum heat flux was primarily governed by thickness and orientation. In addition, pool boiling experiments using side-cut samples clarified that increasing the internal gap thickness enhanced the critical heat flux (CHF) and maximum heat dissipation capability. Overall, the BDHS, with its simple structure and enhanced thermal spreading performance, demonstrated stable operation in both horizontal and vertical orientations (with orientation-dependent performance), and is presented as an effective passive cooling solution for large-area, high-power chips, with strong potential for integration with conventional single-phase forced-convection cold plates in high-density data centers.

随着大功率服务器芯片的快速发展，热设计功率（TDP）显著增加，暴露了传统蒸汽室依赖蒸发和基于芯的液体循环的局限性。本文设计并制造了一种采用沸腾传热和气泡泵送的大面积热源无芯沸腾驱动换热器。系统评估了其在厚度（2-4 mm）、填充率（FR = 60-80%）和取向（水平和垂直）方面的热性能。在645 mm2的热源下，BDHS的最小热阻为0.02 K/W，最大散热为1003 W (155.5 W/cm2)，与相同厚度的铜固体板相比，表现出优越的性能。热阻的分解表明，性能的改善主要源于热阻扩散的显著减少。一般线性模型（GLM）分析表明，最小热阻与厚度、FR和取向密切相关，而最大热通量主要受厚度和取向的影响。此外，侧切样品的池沸实验表明，增加内部间隙厚度可以提高临界热流密度（CHF）和最大散热能力。总体而言，BDHS结构简单，散热性能增强，在水平方向和垂直方向上运行稳定（具有方向依赖性能），是大面积高功率芯片的有效被动冷却解决方案，具有与高密度数据中心传统单相强制对流冷板集成的强大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Bio-inspired heat-transfer enhancement for next-generation hydrogen compressors: flow resistance, heat transfer, and flow state analysis 下一代氢压缩机的生物激励传热增强：流动阻力，传热和流动状态分析

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129732

Van-Tinh Huynh , Dong Kim

Inspired by the thermal-regulating structures of cactus skeletons, this paper proposes a novel approach for next-generation hydrogen compressors. For the first time, the entire porous media within an ionic liquid-piston compressor was modeled using high-fidelity, three-dimensional, unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes simulations over Reynolds numbers of 100–1000 to assess its capacity for heat management during compression at a fixed compression ratio of 3.42 and validated against experimental pressure evolution. These comprehensive numerical analyses provide new insights into the flow regimes and heat-transfer mechanisms of hydrogen and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. The results reveal a trade-off with the optimized cactus-skeleton-inspired configuration. Compared to the non-insert baseline, the compression efficiency improved by 5.8%, while the power density decreased by 16.9%. In addition, non-uniform placement of the porous matrix–concentrated in the upper region reduced the peak hydrogen temperature by 18.8% and increased the compression efficiency by 1.2%, highlighting the effective dissipation of localized thermal accumulation. Furthermore, the study establishes strong relationships between the key parameters: a quadratic correlation between pressure drop and Reynolds number, and a power-law relationship between the Nusselt number and Reynolds number. Remarkably, with the optimized configuration at Re = 100, the compression efficiency reached 99.5% and energy consumption decreased by 9.4%, underscoring the critical role of porous media in balancing heat mitigation and operational power requirements.

受仙人掌骨骼热调节结构的启发，本文提出了一种用于下一代氢压缩机的新方法。首次采用高保真、三维、非定常雷诺数为100-1000的Reynolds-平均Navier-Stokes模拟对离子液体-活塞压缩机内的整个多孔介质进行了建模，以评估其在固定压缩比为3.42的压缩过程中的热管理能力，并根据实验压力演变进行了验证。这些全面的数值分析为氢和1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐的流动形式和传热机理提供了新的见解。结果揭示了与优化的仙人掌骨架启发配置的权衡。与非插入基准相比，压缩效率提高了5.8%，而功率密度降低了16.9%。此外，多孔基质的不均匀放置使氢峰温度降低了18.8%，压缩效率提高了1.2%，突出了局部热积累的有效消散。此外，研究建立了关键参数之间的强关系：压降与雷诺数之间的二次相关关系，努塞尔数与雷诺数之间的幂律关系。值得注意的是，在Re = 100的优化配置下，压缩效率达到99.5%，能耗降低9.4%，突出了多孔介质在平衡散热和运行功率要求方面的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of different radiator layout strategies on the thermal performance of the wheel loader cooling system 不同散热器布局策略对轮式装载机冷却系统热性能的影响

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129737

Xiaopeng Zhang , Saidong Yang , Boqiang Zhang , Haijun Ruan , Sicheng Qin , Dengfeng Wang , Hongbo Yang , Weiqiang Wan , Zhipeng Wang , Xinxin Wei

To address issues in wheel loader cooling systems such as mutual interference between radiators, poor airflow, and suboptimal cooling performance, this study proposes and implements an improved dual-loop cooling system (Strategy IV), comprising a high-temperature radiator, a low-temperature radiator, and a hydraulic oil cooler. To evaluate the advantages of this strategy, it was compared with three commonly used cooling systems (Strategies I, II, and III) in terms of heat transfer characteristics in the pressure, velocity, and temperature fields, thereby revealing the distribution patterns of temperature, pressure, and airflow within the loader's engine compartment. Additionally, the accuracy of the simulations was validated through V-type digging operation tests and outlet airflow measurements on a wheel loader equipped with Strategy IV. The results indicate that under Strategy IV, the engine compartment exhibits the most uniform pressure and temperature distributions, with the highest uniformity factors; the airflow velocity increases after passing through the radiators, with velocity field characteristics at a moderate level. Furthermore, this strategy achieves the highest total cooling power of 182.16 kW. By optimizing module arrangement and circulation paths, the dual-loop cooling strategy demonstrates superior performance in pressure uniformity, airflow organization, and overall cooling efficiency, highlighting that module separation and dual-loop design are effective approaches for enhancing the thermal management of high-power wheel loaders.

为了解决轮式装载机冷却系统中存在的散热器相互干扰、气流不佳、冷却性能不佳等问题，本研究提出并实现了一种改进的双回路冷却系统（策略四），该系统由高温散热器、低温散热器和液压油冷却器组成。为了评估该策略的优势，将其与三种常用的冷却系统（策略I、策略II和策略III）在压力、速度和温度场中的传热特性进行了比较，从而揭示了装载机发动机舱内温度、压力和气流的分布模式。此外，通过v型挖掘作业试验和装载机出口气流测量验证了仿真结果的准确性。结果表明：在策略IV下，发动机舱的压力和温度分布最均匀，均匀系数最高；气流经过散热器后速度增大，速度场特征处于中等水平。此外，该策略达到了182.16 kW的最高总冷却功率。通过优化模块布置和循环路径，双回路冷却策略在压力均匀性、气流组织和整体冷却效率方面表现优异，说明模块分离和双回路设计是加强大功率轮式装载机热管理的有效途径。

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引用次数: 0

SO3/sulfuric acid mist condensation and removal in simulated flue gas: Role of condensable particulate matter precursors and operating parameters based on heat transfer model and experiment 模拟烟气中SO3/硫酸雾的冷凝和去除：基于传热模型和实验的可冷凝颗粒物前体和操作参数的作用

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129759

Zhiyong Zhou , Jianyi Lu , Yupeng Zhang , Fei Zheng

SO₃/sulfuric acid mist condensation in coal-fired flue gas not only results in low-temperature corrosion, but also impacts the SO₃ removal efficiency in wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD). In this study, SO₃ was absorbed and detected by isopropanol solution and thorium‑barium titration method, and the SO₃ in cooling simulated flue gas before and after scrubbing tower were determined respectively. Then a composite heat transfer model modified by dynamic viscosity for H₂SO₄ vapor was developed based on heat transfer theory to evaluate the influence of condensable particulate matter (CPM) precursors, flue gas characteristics and operating conditions on condensation efficiency (D) and condensation-removal efficiency (η) of SO₃. The model indicated that sensible heat and latent heat released were sequentially transferred through the non-condensable gas film and condensate film. Furthermore, a higher composite heat transfer coefficient enhanced D, and key parameters affecting D included heat transfer area, temperature gradient and flue gas properties. Experimental findings revealed that CPM precursors such as F⁻, Cl⁻ and Na⁺ had negligible impact on D, whereas SO₄²⁻ significantly reduced D. In contrast, Ca²⁺, NH₄⁺, humidity and NH₃ increased D in flue gas before the tower. Besides, the tower scrubbing enhanced η, while CPM vapors in flue gas diminished η. Moreover, η increased with rising NH₃ concentrations and spraying flow rates, nevertheless, elevated SO₂ levels and slurry temperatures resulted in a decline in η. Internal mechanism and influencing factors of SO₃ condensation and removal were revealed, providing theoretical and data support for reducing equipment corrosion and enhancing SO₃ removal.

燃煤烟气中SO3/硫酸雾的冷凝不仅会造成低温腐蚀，还会影响湿法烟气脱硫过程中SO3的脱除效率。本研究采用异丙醇溶液法和钍钡滴定法对SO3进行吸附检测，并分别测定了洗涤塔前后冷却模拟烟气中的SO3含量。基于换热理论，建立了基于动态粘度修正的H2SO4蒸汽复合换热模型，考察了可冷凝颗粒物（CPM）前体、烟气特性和工况对SO3冷凝效率(D)和冷凝脱除效率（η）的影响。模型表明，释放的显热和潜热依次通过不凝气膜和冷凝膜传递。复合换热系数越高，D值越高，影响D值的关键参数包括换热面积、温度梯度和烟气特性。实验结果表明，CPM前体如F−、Cl−和Na+对D的影响可以忽略不计，而SO42−显著降低D。相反，Ca2+、NH4+、湿度和NH3增加了塔前烟气中的D。塔式洗涤提高了η值，而烟气中的CPM蒸气降低了η值。η随NH3浓度和喷淋流量的增加而增加，而SO2浓度和料浆温度的升高导致η下降。揭示了SO3缩聚脱除的内在机理和影响因素，为降低设备腐蚀、提高SO3脱除能力提供了理论和数据支持。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation and performance of a wood-based membrane for solution regeneration in liquid desiccant air conditioning systems 液体干燥剂空调系统中用于溶液再生的木基膜的制备和性能

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129746

Junming Zhou , Tong Wu , Zhihong Chen , Yuxing Hu , Kai Zhang , Xinzhen Zhang , Xiaofeng Niu

Traditional direct-contact liquid desiccant air conditioning systems (LDACs) face droplet entrainment issues. While membrane-based regeneration can avoid this problem, its performance is often limited by the temperature polarization effect of conventional polymer membranes. To address this limitation, this study fabricated and characterized a hydrophobic wood-based membrane specifically tailored for liquid desiccant regeneration. Characterization revealed the membrane's hydrophobicity, with a water contact angle ranging from 140° to 150°. The unique anisotropic thermal conductivity of the wood membrane was found to effectively suppress temperature polarization, resulting in a temperature polarization coefficient 11.6% higher than that of reference membranes under the same conditions. This advantage led to performance enhancements: at 80 °C, the membrane flux reached 28.71 kg/(m²·h), a 22.64% increase over literature values for organic polymer membranes, with a thermal efficiency of 89.55%. Furthermore, this study revealed the non-classical boundary condition characteristics of the wood membrane during solution regeneration and established a Sherwood number fitting equation related to the operating parameters. These results confirm that the developed wood-based membrane effectively solves the droplet carryover problem while its inherent structure enhances membrane flux and thermal performance by mitigating temperature polarization, providing an efficient bio-based membrane alternative for solution regeneration in LDACs.

传统的直接接触式液体干燥剂空调系统（ldac）面临液滴夹带问题。虽然膜基再生可以避免这个问题，但其性能往往受到传统聚合物膜的温度极化效应的限制。为了解决这一限制，本研究制造并表征了一种专门用于液体干燥剂再生的疏水性木基膜。表征表明该膜具有疏水性，水接触角范围为140°~ 150°。研究发现，木膜独特的各向异性导热性可以有效抑制温度极化，在相同条件下，木膜的温度极化系数比参考膜高11.6%。这一优势导致了性能的提高：在80°C时，膜通量达到28.71 kg/(m2·h)，比文献中有机聚合物膜的值提高了22.64%，热效率为89.55%。此外，研究揭示了木膜在溶液再生过程中的非经典边界条件特征，建立了与运行参数相关的Sherwood数拟合方程。这些结果证实，所开发的木基膜有效地解决了液滴携带问题，其固有的结构通过减轻温度极化提高了膜通量和热性能，为ldac的溶液再生提供了一种高效的生物基膜替代方案。

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引用次数: 0