Applied Thermal Engineering最新文献_第5页

Thermal fluctuation characteristics of unsteady solid–solid interface contact heat transfer in vibration 振动中非稳定固-固界面接触传热的热波动特性

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124891

Yang Zhao , Dinghua Hu , Haoran Li, Fan Zhou, Qiang Li

Power electronic equipment and the accompanying thermal management system inevitably suffer vibration environments in the aerospace and vehicle fields. Discontinuous mating surfaces between thermal management components are vulnerable to vibration conditions on account of dramatic vibration response differences, seriously degrading the heat dissipation efficiency and inducing overheat of electronics. To avoid unpredictable heat collapse, it is indispensable to establish a numerical prediction method for the contact heat transfer characteristics between solid–solid mating surfaces. A mechanical-thermal sequential coupling approach is developed to clarify the real contact state and heat transfer characteristics of the contact interface, which is effectively verified by experiments. The research indicates that the contact heat transfer under vibration depends on the real contact area in the mating interface. The thermal contact conductance shows thermal fluctuation under vibration conditions, exhibiting the vibration frequency-dependent periodic fluctuation. Compared to triangular and sinusoidal wave vibration, trapezoidal wave leads to more drastic temperature fluctuation of the heat source. The results provide valuable guidance for the optimization design of thermal management systems and the expansion of the application field.

在航空航天和车辆领域，电力电子设备及其配套的热管理系统不可避免地会受到振动环境的影响。热管理组件之间不连续的配合表面很容易受到振动条件的影响，因为振动响应差异很大，严重降低了散热效率并导致电子元件过热。为了避免不可预知的热崩溃，建立固-固配合表面之间接触传热特性的数值预测方法是必不可少的。本文提出了一种力学-热学顺序耦合方法，以阐明接触界面的真实接触状态和传热特性，并通过实验进行了有效验证。研究表明，振动下的接触传热取决于配合界面的实际接触面积。热接触传导在振动条件下出现热波动，表现出与振动频率相关的周期性波动。与三角波和正弦波振动相比，梯形波导致的热源温度波动更为剧烈。研究结果为热管理系统的优化设计和应用领域的拓展提供了有价值的指导。

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引用次数: 0

Wavelet analysis of temperature oscillation signals in a global glass pulsating heat pipe 全局玻璃脉动热管中温度振荡信号的小波分析

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124896

Yuhao Liu, Honghai Yang, Jun Wang, Yong Li, Qingjie Yu, Haizhou Fang

To effectively control the complex vapor–liquid two-phase oscillatory flow in a pulsating heat pipe, it is essential to investigate its thermo-hydrodynamic behaviors and understand the underlying heat transfer mechanisms. However, the direct observation of the two-phase flow pattern within the pulsating heat pipe has been a long-standing challenge. To overcome this obstacle, a global glass pulsating heat pipe was constructed to visually observe the flow pattern, while the temperature oscillation signals were monitored and analyzed by continuous wavelet transform. Using such a method, this work connected flow patterns with measured temperature signals, and analyzed their variations with input heat fluxes. Results showed that the thermal inertia of glass material is not negligible, which leads to signal distortion of wall temperature. For the fluid temperature, its fluctuation amplitude decreases while frequency increases as the heat flux of inner wall surface rises (0.35 W/cm² to 3.18 W/cm²), meanwhile, its dominant frequency increases from 0.02 Hz to 3.88 Hz. During this process, it was observed that the flow patterns within the pipe gradually changed from the slug flow to the annular flow, and eventually to the general circulation at higher heat flux. Based on these results, we established a relationship between dominant frequencies of fluid temperatures and flow patterns, which can be extended to other metal pulsating heat pipes and assist the future design of pulsating heat pipes.

为了有效控制脉动热管中复杂的汽液两相振荡流，必须研究其热流体力学行为并了解其背后的传热机制。然而，如何直接观测脉动热管中的两相流动模式一直是个难题。为了克服这一障碍，我们构建了一个全局玻璃脉动热管，以直观地观察流动模式，同时通过连续小波变换监测和分析温度振荡信号。利用这种方法，这项研究将流动模式与测量到的温度信号联系起来，并分析了它们随输入热通量的变化。结果表明，玻璃材料的热惯性不容忽视，这会导致壁温信号失真。就流体温度而言，随着内壁表面热通量的增加（0.35 W/cm2 至 3.18 W/cm2），其波动幅度减小而频率增加，同时其主频从 0.02 Hz 增加到 3.88 Hz。在这一过程中，我们观察到管道内的流动模式逐渐从蛞蝓流转变为环形流，并最终转变为热通量较高时的总循环。基于这些结果，我们建立了流体温度主导频率与流动模式之间的关系，该关系可推广到其他金属脉动热管，并有助于未来脉动热管的设计。

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引用次数: 0

POD analysis of turbulent convective heat transfer of pulsating flow in a channel with teardrop-shaped dimples using LES 利用 LES 对带有水滴形凹槽的通道中脉动流的湍流对流传热进行 POD 分析

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124875

T. Yamamoto, A. Murata, K. Inokuma, K. Iwamoto

This study investigated effects of flow pulsation on the heat transfer performance of the surface with teardrop-shaped dimples using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). Velocity and temperature data for POD was obtained from the Large Eddy Simulation (LES). LES was performed for the following conditions: teardrop-shaped dimples with 30 deg in-line arrangement, the Strouhal number of 0.3, half of peak-to-peak velocity amplitude normalized by bulk velocity of 0.2, and the bulk Reynolds number of 2.5 × 10⁴. The POD results revealed the first mode of velocity corresponded to periodic flow separation at leading and trailing edges of dimples, and the second mode to periodic swirling flow-separation behind leading side-edges of dimples. It was confirmed that the dominant periodic flow-separation over dimples was reproduced by using only the first and second modes. On the other hand, the periodic temperature variation caused by the pulsating flow was reproduced by the second and forth modes: low temperature fluid was periodically introduced into the dimples by the swirling flow-separation behind the leading side-edges of dimples.

本研究利用适当正交分解（POD）技术研究了流动脉动对水滴形凹陷表面传热性能的影响。POD 的速度和温度数据来自大涡模拟 (LES)。LES 在以下条件下进行：水滴形凹陷，30 度直列排列，斯特劳哈尔数为 0.3，峰-峰速度振幅的一半按体积速度归一化为 0.2，体积雷诺数为 2.5 × 104。POD 结果显示，第一种速度模式对应于酒窝前缘和后缘的周期性流动分离，第二种模式对应于酒窝前缘侧缘后的周期性漩涡流动分离。经证实，仅使用第一和第二种模式就能再现凹痕上的主要周期性流动分离。另一方面，第二和第四种模式再现了脉动流引起的周期性温度变化：低温流体通过凹痕前缘后的漩涡流分离周期性地进入凹痕。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation on the start-up and thermal performance of nanofluid-based pulsating heat pipe 基于纳米流体的脉动热管的启动和热性能实验研究

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124897

Yue Hu, Guanyu Meng, Yucheng Yao, Fengyuan Zhang, Mengdai Luoshan

The increasing demand of efficient heat dissipation especially for high heat flux and is essential due to the rapid development of microelectronics. Pulsating heat pipe with simple structure, fast response and excellent heat transfer performance plays an important role in this area of thermal management. In this study, a three-turns pulsating heat pipe using nanofluids of PbS/H₂O, Au/H₂O, Graphene/H₂O is investigated experimentally. The flow pattern is described and the thermal behavior of nanofluid-based pulsating heat pipe is compared with deionized water. Then, main factors affecting the heat transfer performance are studied comprehensively. Results show that pulsating heat pipe using nanofluids exhibits superior start-up characteristics and heat transfer performance compared to deionized water. The addition of nanoparticles facilitates the phase transition within the pulsating heat pipe, which increasing both the transient velocity and driving force of oscillatory motion, thereby improving the heat transfer efficiency. Furthermore, Graphene/H₂O presents the highest heat transfer performance among three nonfluids and the maximum is achieved at concentration of 1.0 wt%, filling ratio of 80% and tilt angle of 60°. The most inefficient process is located at the heat transfer from condensation to the environment, highlighting the improvement of cooling conditions for nanofluid-based pulsating heat pipe.

随着微电子技术的飞速发展，人们对高效散热（尤其是高热流量散热）的要求越来越高。脉动热管结构简单、响应速度快、传热性能优越，在热管理领域发挥着重要作用。本研究对使用 PbS/H2O、Au/H2O、石墨烯/H2O 纳米流体的三匝脉动热管进行了实验研究。实验描述了流动模式，并将基于纳米流体的脉动热管的热行为与去离子水进行了比较。然后，全面研究了影响传热性能的主要因素。结果表明，与去离子水相比，使用纳米流体的脉动热管具有更优越的启动特性和传热性能。纳米颗粒的加入促进了脉动热管内部的相变，从而提高了瞬态速度和振荡运动的驱动力，从而提高了传热效率。此外，在三种非流体中，石墨烯/H2O 的传热性能最高，在浓度为 1.0 wt%、填充率为 80% 和倾斜角为 60° 时达到最大。最低效的过程位于从冷凝到环境的热量传递，这突出表明需要改善基于纳米流体的脉动热管的冷却条件。

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引用次数: 0

A novel aluminum boss vapor chamber with 3D bioinspired wick for thermal management in electronic chip 带有 3D 生物启发灯芯的新型铝制老板蒸发腔，用于电子芯片的热管理

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124853

Fangqiong Luo , Jingjing Bai , Caiman Yan , Tong Sun , Yiming Li , Yong Tang , Shiwei Zhang

Aluminum has great potential in heat dissipation for lightweight electronic components due to its lower density and excellent thermal conductivity. However, traditional aluminum vapor chambers (VCs) face efficiency constraints in heat dissipation due to the issue of installing flexibility was not taken into account. In this study, a bioinspired wick with a three-directional (3D) fluid-driving capability was fabricated by integrating the characteristics of netted and parallel venations. Additionally, a sunken boss evaporator was engineered to enhance the compatibility between the VC and the electronic chipboard. The results indicate that the steady-state capillary climbing height of the 3D bioinspired wick is 53 mm and has a high capillary coefficient of 30.4 mm/s^0.5, which is pivotal for rapid liquid return in aluminum-based boss vapor chambers (AlBVCs). The AlBVC with a 15 % fill ratio (FR) has the best heat transfer performance, it has a minimum thermal resistance of 0.17 °C/W at 60 W, and the critical power reaches 200 W. The infrared simulation comparison was performed with the solid aluminum plate under natural convection conditions, and the surface temperature of AlBVC was significantly lower by 34.4 % than that of the solid aluminum plate when the heating power reached 40 W. This work indicates that the designed AlBVC will have great potential in the thermal management of high-power electronic chips, and it will lay a theoretical foundation for the application of aluminum-based VC in electronic chips.

铝具有较低的密度和出色的导热性，因此在轻型电子元件的散热方面具有巨大潜力。然而，由于没有考虑到安装灵活性的问题，传统的铝蒸气腔（VC）在散热效率方面受到限制。在这项研究中，通过整合网状和平行网状结构的特点，制造出了一种具有三维（3D）流体驱动能力的生物启发式灯芯。此外，还设计了一个下沉式老板蒸发器，以增强 VC 与电子刨花板之间的兼容性。结果表明，三维生物启发灯芯的稳态毛细管爬升高度为 53 mm，毛细管系数高达 30.4 mm/s0.5，这对铝基老板蒸发腔（AlBVC）中液体的快速回流至关重要。与自然对流条件下的实心铝板进行了红外模拟比较，AlBVC 的表面温度比实心铝板显著降低了 34.这项工作表明，所设计的 AlBVC 在大功率电子芯片的热管理方面将大有可为，并为铝基 VC 在电子芯片中的应用奠定了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental evaluation of barium bromide-ammonia equilibrium lines 溴化钡-氨平衡线的实验评估

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124879

J.A. Locke, G.H. Atkinson, G.S.F. Shire, S.J. Metcalf, R.E. Critoph

This work has experimentally evaluated the position of thermochemical equilibrium lines of barium bromide (BaBr₂) reacting with ammonia (NH₃). BaBr₂ samples, contained in discs of Expanded Natural Graphite, were placed in an experimental Large Temperature Jump rig and a new methodology, termed the Fast Temperature Ramp, was used to reveal adsorption and desorption reactions. Reaction onset points were plotted to generate equilibrium lines and calculate reaction enthalpies and entropies. Significant hysteresis between adsorption and desorption reactions was found, with the degree of hysteresis increasing as the salt becomes more deammoniated. The hysteresis effect was greatest for BaBr₂(2–1) and BaBr₂(1–0) reactions and also increased at higher pressures, exceeding 20 °C at 900 kPa for BaBr₂(1–0). Adsorption reactions were found to occur over a very small temperature range, giving rise to a single transition ‘zone’ less than 20 °C wide. TGA experiments confirmed the position of equilibrium lines, although they were not successful in differentiating between two of the four ammoniated states. The close position of all equilibrium lines gives rise to a temperature ‘zone’ encompassing all four reactions, and in future work it may be advantageous to consider BaBr₂ as a pseudo single-transition salt instead.

这项研究通过实验评估了溴化钡（BaBr2）与氨（NH3）反应的热化学平衡线的位置。将装在膨胀天然石墨圆盘中的 BaBr2 样品置于大温度跃迁实验装置中，采用一种称为快速温度斜坡的新方法来揭示吸附和解吸反应。绘制反应起始点以生成平衡线，并计算反应焓和熵。发现吸附和解吸反应之间存在明显的滞后现象，随着盐的脱氨程度增加，滞后程度也随之增加。BaBr2(2-1)和 BaBr2(1-0)反应的滞后效应最大，而且在压力较高时滞后效应也会增加，BaBr2(1-0)在 900 kPa 时滞后效应超过 20 °C。研究发现，吸附反应发生在很小的温度范围内，形成了一个宽度小于 20 °C 的单一过渡 "区域"。热重分析实验证实了平衡线的位置，但未能成功区分四种氨化状态中的两种。由于所有平衡线的位置都很接近，因此产生了一个包含所有四个反应的温度 "区域"，在今后的工作中，将 BaBr2 视为假的单一过渡盐可能会更有利。

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引用次数: 0

Performance analysis of supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle with leakage reinjection system 带泄漏回注系统的超临界二氧化碳布雷顿循环性能分析

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124810

Mingxiang Lin , Chaohong Guo , Zhigang Li , Decai Zhao , Yuming Zhu , Bo Wang , Xiang Xu

Rotating machinery in supercritical power cycles typically employs dry gas seals or labyrinth seals, and the leakage gas needs to be reinjected to maintain long-term operation. This paper focuses on a MW-scale supercritical CO₂ power generation system. State of leakage gas after passing through the dry gas seals and labyrinth seals were estimated. The impact of reinjecting the leakage gas on system performance was evaluated through simulations. The effects of different leakage reinjection locations on the performance of the supercritical CO₂ Brayton cycle were analyzed, and the performance impacts of using dry gas seals versus labyrinth seals were compared. The results demonstrated that using a dry gas seal and reinjecting the leakage gas back into the hot-end inlet of the high-temperature regenerator led to the smallest reduction in system efficiency, with a decrease of 1.013 %. For the labyrinth seal, reinjecting the leakage gas from the compressor into the turbine inlet, and from the turbine into the hot-end inlet of the high-temperature regenerator minimized the reduction in system efficiency. When the outlet pressure of leakage gas after the labyrinth seal ranged from 5 to 9 MPa, system efficiency improved as the outlet pressure increased, and the heat exchanger area per unit of power output decreased, enhancing the overall compactness of the power plant. These findings provide valuable insights for the design and optimization of supercritical CO₂ Brayton cycle leakage reinjection systems.

超临界发电循环中的旋转机械通常采用干气密封或迷宫密封，需要重新注入泄漏气体以维持长期运行。本文以兆瓦级超临界二氧化碳发电系统为研究对象。对通过干气密封和迷宫密封后的泄漏气体状态进行了估算。通过模拟评估了重新注入泄漏气体对系统性能的影响。分析了不同泄漏再注入位置对超临界二氧化碳布雷顿循环性能的影响，并比较了使用干气密封和迷宫密封对性能的影响。结果表明，使用干气密封并将泄漏气体重新注入高温再生器的热端入口导致的系统效率降低幅度最小，仅为 1.013%。对于迷宫密封，将泄漏气体从压缩机重新注入涡轮机入口，再从涡轮机注入高温再生器的热端入口，可使系统效率的降低幅度最小。当迷宫密封后的泄漏气体出口压力在 5 至 9 兆帕之间时，系统效率随着出口压力的增加而提高，单位功率输出的热交换器面积减少，从而提高了发电厂的整体紧凑性。这些研究结果为超临界二氧化碳布雷顿循环泄漏回注系统的设计和优化提供了宝贵的启示。

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引用次数: 0

Methyl ricinoleate droplet impact on a high temperature stainless steel surface: Dynamic behavior and heat transfer 蓖麻油酸甲酯液滴对高温不锈钢表面的影响：动态行为与热传递

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124866

Xiaoning Mao, Liting Li, Shangzhi Yu, Ying Duan, Qinglong Xie, Yong Nie

The rapid and uniform heating of the feedstock plays a key role in pyrolysis processes. Dispersing methyl ricinoleate (MR) into spray droplets can improve the heating speed and uniformity in the pyrolysis process, which is of great benefit to the yield of the target product. This article describes the results and mechanisms of single MR droplet impacting on a heated stainless steel surface at different temperatures (385 ∼ 520 °C). Two non-contact measurement techniques, including a high-speed camera and a thermal infrared imager, were used to record the dynamic behavior and heating effects of the MR droplet on the heated surface at different temperatures, respectively. Four representative impingement states were observed during droplet impact: adhesion rebound, adhesion rebound with breakup, bouncing, and bouncing with breakup. As a result, a comprehensive map was created, based on a dimensionless analysis, describing the relationships between the typical states. Regarding the quantitative analysis, the maximum spreading factor and the dimensionless droplet residence time were linearly related to the 0.336 and 0.389 powers of the Weber number, respectively. By calculating the average heat flux of a droplet, it was found that it is related to the stainless steel surface temperature, the droplet saturation temperature, and the Reynolds number. The transient temperature at the surface of the MR droplet was measured to quantify the effectiveness of the heating. This study could provide a theoretical basis for the regulation and optimization of MR pyrolysis conditions.

原料的快速均匀加热在热解过程中起着关键作用。将蓖麻油酸甲酯（MR）分散成喷雾液滴可提高热解过程中的加热速度和均匀性，这对目标产品的产量大有裨益。本文介绍了单个 MR 液滴在不同温度（385 ∼ 520 °C）下撞击加热不锈钢表面的结果和机理。文章采用了两种非接触式测量技术，包括高速相机和热红外成像仪，分别记录了不同温度下磁共振液滴对加热表面的动态行为和加热效应。在液滴撞击过程中观察到了四种具有代表性的撞击状态：附着反弹、附着反弹与破裂、反弹和反弹与破裂。因此，在无量纲分析的基础上绘制了一张综合图，描述了典型状态之间的关系。在定量分析方面，最大扩展因子和无量纲液滴停留时间分别与韦伯数的 0.336 和 0.389 次方成线性关系。通过计算液滴的平均热通量，发现它与不锈钢表面温度、液滴饱和温度和雷诺数有关。测量了 MR 液滴表面的瞬态温度，以量化加热的效果。这项研究可为调节和优化 MR 热解条件提供理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of electrode arrangement on heat transfer enhancement by electrohydrodynamic conduction pumps in a rectangular channel 电极排列对矩形通道中电动流体动力传导泵传热效果的影响

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124884

Yi-Bo Wang , He-Xiang Liu , Chen-Xi Wang , Ke-Chuan Yan , Shao-Yu Wang , Ben-Xi Zhang , Zheng Bo , Yan-Ru Yang , Xiao-Dong Wang

The present study investigates heat transfer enhancement by electrohydrodynamic (EHD) conduction pumps in a rectangular channel. The effect of electrode arrangement on flow and thermal performance of the rectangular channel by EHD conduction pumps are quantitatively discussed in terms of pressure drop and Nusselt number. The inlet laminar flow with Reynolds number ranging from 100 to 1000. The innovative point of this paper is validating the optimal electrode arrangement over a wider range of Reynolds numbers, the other one is investigating the impact of the number of electrodes on the heat transfer of the EHD conduction pump. The results show that compared to the arrangement of electrode pairs along the same side, electrode pairs arranged on the opposite side have a higher heat transfer capacity due to the stronger vortex strength and lower vortex temperature. For the above two arrangement methods, the heat transfer capacity can be significantly improved when the length of the high-voltage electrode is greater than that of the low-voltage electrode. This result is mainly due to the fact that the electric force enhances the vortex strength, which promotes the perturbation of the thermal boundary layer. The effect of the number of electrode pairs r on the heat transfer capacity is not monotonic. When r < 6, the heat transfer capacity increases with the increase of r due to the generation of more vortices. However, r > 6, as the number of electrode pairs increases, the heat transfer capacity decreases. This result is mainly due to the decrease in the area of the vortex and the increase in the temperature of the vortex.

本研究探讨了电流体动力（EHD）传导泵在矩形通道中增强传热的问题。通过压降和努塞尔特数定量讨论了电极布置对 EHD 传导泵在矩形通道中的流动和热性能的影响。入口层流的雷诺数范围为 100 到 1000。本文的创新点在于验证了在更大雷诺数范围内的最佳电极布置，另一个创新点在于研究了电极数量对 EHD 传导泵传热的影响。结果表明，与沿同侧布置电极对相比，布置在对侧的电极对由于具有更强的涡流强度和更低的涡流温度而具有更高的传热能力。在上述两种排列方法中，当高压电极的长度大于低压电极的长度时，传热能力会显著提高。这一结果主要是由于电场力增强了涡流强度，从而促进了热边界层的扰动。电极对数 r 对传热能力的影响不是单调的。当 r < 6 时，由于产生更多的涡流，传热能力随 r 的增加而增加。然而，当 r > 6 时，随着电极对数量的增加，传热能力下降。造成这一结果的主要原因是漩涡面积减小和漩涡温度升高。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of convection and boil-off in multi-scale membrane LNG tanks under sloshing excitations 多尺度膜式液化天然气储罐在滑动激励下的对流和沸腾分析

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124863

Han Chen , Peng Xu , Zhong Wan , Wei Song , Guang Yang , Jingyi Wu

The marine storage and transportation of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in membrane tanks involves complex thermodynamic responses, significantly affecting system operation reliability. The study investigates the coupled problem of heat transfer and sloshing in LNG tanks through small-scale experiments and simulations. A tank partially filled with R134a was analyzed under various non-isothermal sloshing excitations to examine the free surface, flow, and heat transfer. Changes in fluid temperature, wall temperature, and heat flux were measured under different sloshing frequencies, amplitudes, and filling levels. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed, considering heat flow in the insulation layer and phase changes in the membrane tank. The tank was assumed to be vented. A Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) model with a dynamic mesh provided insights into the effects of sloshing on heat transfer and flow. Model feasibility was confirmed by comparing simulation results with fluid sloshing experiments. An extended sloshing Nusselt number was calculated, and a correlation formula related to sloshing conditions was developed, allowing for a quantitative assessment of enhanced heat transfer. Simulations explored evaporation characteristics in various scales of LNG tanks under static and sloshing conditions. The results showed that the evaporation rate of LNG increases as the tank scale decreases, with sloshing significantly impacting LNG storage and transportation. The study enhances the understanding of heat transfer and flow evolution in LNG tanks, improving the accuracy of evaporation models and providing insights for optimizing tank design and operation under sloshing conditions.

膜罐液化天然气（LNG）的海上储存和运输涉及复杂的热力学反应，对系统运行的可靠性有重大影响。本研究通过小规模实验和模拟，研究了液化天然气储罐中热传导和荡气的耦合问题。研究分析了在各种非等温荡动激励下部分填充 R134a 的储罐，以考察自由表面、流动和传热。在不同的滑动频率、振幅和填充水平下，测量了流体温度、壁温和热通量的变化。考虑到隔热层中的热流和膜罐中的相变，进行了计算流体动力学（CFD）分析。假设水箱是通风的。采用动态网格的流体体积（VOF）模型有助于深入了解荡流对传热和流动的影响。通过将模拟结果与流体滑动实验进行比较，确认了模型的可行性。计算了扩展的荡流努塞尔特数，并开发了与荡流条件有关的相关公式，从而对增强的传热进行了定量评估。模拟探索了各种规模的液化天然气储罐在静态和倾斜条件下的蒸发特性。结果表明，液化天然气的蒸发率会随着储罐尺度的减小而增加，荡气会对液化天然气的储存和运输产生重大影响。这项研究加深了人们对液化天然气储罐中热传导和流动演变的理解，提高了蒸发模型的准确性，并为优化液化天然气储罐在荡流条件下的设计和运行提供了启示。

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引用次数: 0