Applied Thermal Engineering最新文献_第3页

Highest electro-viscous energy and lowest irreversibility analysis for Maxwell fluid in transient microchannel flow

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.125764

Sujit Saha, Balaram Kundu

This study investigates the synergistic effect of electrokinetic phenomena and viscoelastic nanofluids (Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in H₂O) in microfluidic channels having a porous medium. The current framework focuses on pressure-driven flow and analyses streaming potential under Lorentz force, Hall current, ion slip, and transient flow. The available literature shows no prior analysis for streaming potential pressure-driven unsteady flow for the Maxwell fluid model, the requirement for actual flow, heat transfer, and thermal irreversibility in microfluidic sustainability. Employing multi-objective optimization with a non-dominated gray wolf optimizer algorithm (NSGWOA) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), this study optimizes electroviscous heat transfer rate and entropy production using a Pareto-optimal solution. Five decision variables, including relaxation time, Hall current, ion slip, nanofluid volume fractions, and Hartmann number, were considered to achieve a Pareto-optimal solution. Results show a 1.92% reduction in streaming current with 2% nanoparticles and a promising 809.91% increase in electrokinetic energy conversion efficiency for slip-dependent zeta potential compared to slip-independent zeta potential. This study also compares two machine learning methods: artificial neural networks (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS). The results show that ANFIS provides more accurate predictions than ANN by minimizing the mean absolute percentage error. Decision making approach is employed to identify an acceptable optimal solution based on the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The optimization efforts resulted in a remarkable 128% efficiency gain in electroviscous heat transfer rate and a substantial 82.5% reduction in the overall entropy generation.

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引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation of the PCM-EG radiant floor heating driven by ASHP with advanced heat transfer enhancement

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.125781

Ming Jun Huang , Gerard Obasi , Sarah McCormack , Neil J. Hewitt

Radiant floor heating systems (RFHSs) provide superior indoor thermal comfort environment compared to other exist heating methods. Recently the integration of phase change materials (PCMs) as thermal mass within underfloor heating structures has demonstrated potential to reduce operating costs and enhance thermal comfort by enabling a quicker heating response due to their excellent heat retention properties during the heating period. For domestic buildings, Air Source Heat Pumps (ASHPs) recognised as a highly efficient heating technology, are increasingly adopted to meet heating and cooling demands while contributing to CO₂ emissions reduction targets. This study focuses on leveraging ASHPs to supply heat for the PCM-enhanced RFHSs, introducing an improved heating method for residential buildings to address heat demand and reduce the power consumption of ASHPs. The research aims to advance scientific understanding and establish a foundation for future studies on sustainable and efficient heating technologies. This study investigates the development of a novel sustainable and highly efficient thermal energy retention system through laboratory engineered composite PCMs integrated into RFs powered by ASHPs. Such systems are crucial to addressing current and future heating demands in the UK. This work examines the impact of system configuration, constituent materials and design parameters on the thermal and energy performance of RF heating systems incorporating composite PCM with enhanced expanded graphite (PCM-EG). The study has shown that PCM-EG used as thermal mass in RFHSs can achieve 37 % higher heat retention capacity compared to systems utilising a metal mesh. Additionally, PCM-EG combined with copper powder maintains the floor surface temperature 0.7 °C higher than PCM-EG alone, further reducing the power consumption of the ASHP.

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引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation of lithium-ion battery thermal management for electric vehicles using mini channels cold plate and phase change material

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.125682

Mohanad F. Hassan, Abdul Hadi N. Khalifa, Ahmed J. Hamad

Effective thermal management of lithium-ion batteries is essential for ensuring safety in electric vehicles. Although these batteries offer a long lifespan and high energy density, they can also pose risks, such as increased temperature, that can lead to thermal runaway, battery damage, or even explosions. This study presents an innovative hybrid cooling model that integrates a water cooling system with mini-channel cold plates and an air cooling system with extended fins, both of which incorporate a phase change material. The aim is to experimentally investigate the thermal management system (BTMS) for lithium-ion battery packs in electric vehicles operating under high ambient temperature. The performance of the BTMS was evaluated at battery discharge rates of 1C, 2C, and 3C, with varying cooling water flow rates, at inlet water and ambient temperatures of 25 °C and 35 °C, respectively. The results showed that the hybrid cooling system, operating at a lower water flow rate of 0.0033 kg/s, successfully reduced the maximum battery temperature (

T_{\max}

) to 34 °C, 43.5 °C, and 51.6 °C for discharge rates of 1C, 2C, and 3C, respectively. Additionally, the maximum difference between the battery pack cell’s temperatures (

{Δ T}_{\max}

) were 0.7 °C, 2.2 °C, and 4.3 °C, respectively. Furthermore, a higher flow rate of 0.05 kg/s resulted in

T_{\max}

of 30.5 °C, 40 °C, and 47.3 °C, with corresponding

{Δ T}_{\max}

of 0.5 °C, 1.5 °C, and 2.5 °C respectively. The proposed hybrid model successfully maintained a

{Δ T}_{\max}

of less than 5 °C, highlighting the effectiveness of this cooling system for ensuring battery safety.

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引用次数: 0

Correction of transient plane source method influenced by variable heating power and research on thermal conductivity of ceramic matrix composites

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.125795

Sheng Huang , Zhentao Feng , Boyang Li , Xinyi Yang , Xiaokun Sun

The transient plane source (TPS) method is a powerful tool for accurately and rapidly measuring the thermal conductivity of various materials. However, under the assumption of semi-infinite heat transfer, this method is very sensitive to the thickness of the specimen and requires constant power output. Further, for most TPS instruments, the heating power is variable in the initial heating period. Therefore, by applying power correction at the initial heating stage, the TPS method can be applied to thin samples, such as ceramic matrix composites (CMC) constrained by manufacturing processes. To address these issues, this study establishes a mathematical model for thermal conductivity measurement using the finite difference method, taking into account the non-constant heating power in TPS instruments, and conducts corresponding experiments. First, the heating power curves of a DRE-III thermal conductivity meter for different samples are computed. Then the finite difference method is employed to determine the temperature increase under varying conditions, and subsequently, the thermal conductivity of the samples is calculated inversely. Using this approach, the thermal conductivity of various samples is measured with a 7.5-mm radius TPS probe under variable power conditions, achieving a measurement residual within 5%, demonstrating a significant improvement in accuracy compared to results obtained using the TPS method employed by the DRE-III without correction. Additionally, this improved method is used to measure the thermal conductivity in the thickness direction of two-dimensional woven CMC materials utilizing common TPS methods and instruments, with the goal of achieving higher economic efficiency.

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引用次数: 0

Experimental discharge analysis of a high-temperature thermal energy storage system made of alumina blocks

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.125653

Alberto Sánchez-González, Inés Jiménez-Montero, Antonio Soria-Verdugo

Thermal energy storage (TES) systems working at very high temperatures play a crucial role in the development of more efficient solar thermal power plants. Sensible heat storage in solids is the most mature TES technology. This work presents a novel lab-scale TES system made of stacked alumina blocks, which resist high temperature and thermal shock. The alumina blocks are perforated by hexagonal channels arranged as a honeycomb. With initial temperatures as high as 800

° C

, discharge tests are conducted for different flow rates of compressed air. Discharge times range from 2 h 1 min (at 480 L/min) to 5 h 9 min (at 120 L/min). Experimental data show the temperature segregation throughout the storage media. The system pressure drops are very low, with the highest measured being 224 Pa, at 1200 L/min. Measurements are compared with results from a 1D transient model, which tends to slightly underestimate the air temperature. The lab-scale experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the alumina TES system for integration into dispatchable high-temperature Concentrated Solar Power plants.

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引用次数: 0

Control of double-heater heating systems for the efficient energy supply in heat distribution networks

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.125774

Patryk Grelewicz, Pawel Nowak, Michal Fratczak, Rafal Madonski, Jacek Czeczot

This work deals with the problem of lacking heating system flexibility that reduces the energy efficiency of the whole heat distribution network and increases its operating costs. Therefore, in the paper, a systematic design and tuning of the dedicated control system for double-heater heating systems are proposed. First, the connection of two heaters in a series allows for high flexibility of the whole heating system in terms of dynamical properties. For this configuration, the dedicated control system is introduced based on the cooperation of the conventional PI (proportional-integral) and integral controllers. Then, it is proposed to further improve its performance by adding a custom and universal feedforward compensator. For both proposed approaches, a robustness analysis is performed followed by a realistic MATLAB-based simulation verification and experimental validation based on PLC (programmable logic controllers) implementation. The proposed approaches significantly improve the efficiency of the energy supply compared to conventional single-heater heating systems. The locally produced results show quantitative improvements between the proposed frameworks, which, in selected instances, reach between 40.9% and 85%, according to the user-defined quality criterion.

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引用次数: 0

A computational study of desublimation tower characteristics for Cryogenic Carbon Capture

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.125698

Po-Han Chen , Alberto Ceschin , Faniry N.Z. Rahantamialisoa , Francisco E. Hernández–Pérez , Michele Battistoni , Larry Baxter , Hong G. Im

Cryogenic Carbon Capture™ (CCC) offers exceptional efficiency of capturing CO

_{2}

emissions to combat climate change. Despite its promise, optimizing CCC efficiency, particularly in the desublimation tower, remains a challenge. This article presents a comprehensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling framework to study CCC processes by employing the Eulerian–Lagrangian method with a desublimation mass transfer model. Parametric simulations were conducted to investigate the effect of droplet size on CO

_{2}

capture efficiency. Under a constant spray flow rate, smaller droplets enhance desublimation and heat transfer rates due to their larger total surface area, improving CO

_{2}

capture efficiency and heat exchange. The recirculation region extends gas residence time, further enhancing CO

_{2}

capture in the absence of droplet entrainment. These findings underscore the pivotal role of various factors, including the geometry of the desublimation tower, the shape of the nozzle, and the precise control of gas and spray injection parameters. All these elements are critical in optimizing the efficiency of the carbon capture processes. This investigation provides an important tool for advancing CCC technology, crucial in global climate change mitigation strategies and explores future research directions to enhance the accuracy of simulations and broaden the scope of CCC optimization.

{"title":"A computational study of desublimation tower characteristics for Cryogenic Carbon Capture","authors":"Po-Han Chen , Alberto Ceschin , Faniry N.Z. Rahantamialisoa , Francisco E. Hernández–Pérez , Michele Battistoni , Larry Baxter , Hong G. Im","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.125698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.125698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cryogenic Carbon Capture™ (CCC) offers exceptional efficiency of capturing CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> emissions to combat climate change. Despite its promise, optimizing CCC efficiency, particularly in the desublimation tower, remains a challenge. This article presents a comprehensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling framework to study CCC processes by employing the Eulerian–Lagrangian method with a desublimation mass transfer model. Parametric simulations were conducted to investigate the effect of droplet size on CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> capture efficiency. Under a constant spray flow rate, smaller droplets enhance desublimation and heat transfer rates due to their larger total surface area, improving CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> capture efficiency and heat exchange. The recirculation region extends gas residence time, further enhancing CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> capture in the absence of droplet entrainment. These findings underscore the pivotal role of various factors, including the geometry of the desublimation tower, the shape of the nozzle, and the precise control of gas and spray injection parameters. All these elements are critical in optimizing the efficiency of the carbon capture processes. This investigation provides an important tool for advancing CCC technology, crucial in global climate change mitigation strategies and explores future research directions to enhance the accuracy of simulations and broaden the scope of CCC optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8201,"journal":{"name":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 125698"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An optimization method coupling the response surface methodology and multi-objective particle swarm to enhance the performance of a novel water Trombe wall

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.125785

Tingsen Chen , Shuli Liu , Yihan Wang , Yongliang Shen , Wenjie Ji , Zhiqi Xu , Wenhao Zhou , Abdur Rehman Mazhar

This study proposes a novel water Trombe wall (WTW) that integrates composite parabolic concentrators (CPC) with pulsating heat pipes (PHP) to enhance the heat storage rate in building walls. The thermal performance of the WTW is influenced by key operating parameters such as solar radiation intensity, water temperature, water flow rate, and their interactions. However, the specific impacts of these parameters on thermal performance remains unclear, and effective optimization methods are limited. To address this, a new method combining Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is proposed to improve the thermal performance of the WTW. The findings reveal that the primary contributors to the average heat storage rate of the WTW are solar radiation intensity (52.43 %), cooling water temperature (19.24 %), and the quadratic effect of cooling water flow rate (19.09 %). Furthermore, under optimal conditions of solar radiation intensity of 1000 W/m², a cooling water temperature of 8 °C, and a cooling water flow rate of 16.2 L/h, the Pareto front solution achieves a heat storage rate of 107.6 W and a thermal efficiency of 71.7 %. This study presents an innovative structural design and a method for optimizing the performance of building walls.

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引用次数: 0

Performance comparison of phase change material/liquid cooling hybrid battery thermal management system under different cyclic charging-discharging mode designs

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.125639

Qiang Xu , Haocheng Huang , Yinwen Gu , Xue-Mei Lin , Kai Zhu , Mingfeng Yin , Li Li , Xiaochun Wang , Keqing Zheng

Hybrid battery thermal management systems coupling phase change material with liquid cooling are considered promising in thermal safety guarantee of lithium ion battery packs during long operating cycles. However, long-term performance comparisons of the reported hybrid battery thermal management systems in the literature are difficult. The main reason is that they have employed different cyclic charging-discharging mode designs, but the influential mechanisms of the mode designs on the heat dissipation performances of the hybrid battery thermal management systems are still unclear. In this work, thermal behaviors of the lithium ion battery pack during different cyclic charging-discharging processes are simulated to elucidate the influential mechanisms of cyclic charging-discharging mode designs on the cooling performances of the hybrid battery thermal management systems. High C-rates are employed for both charging and discharging processes considering the more significant cooling demand under harsh conditions. The results demonstrate that in the charging-discharging mode designs, rest interval before the discharging process is vital to control temperature rise during the cyclic processes, while effects of rest interval after the discharging process are weak. Consequently, compared with the rest interval number, position of the rest interval in the cyclic charging-discharging processes is more important in the improvement of system thermal performance. Further, universality of the conclusions under different material properties and working conditions is also examined. This work could provide useful guidance for not only the performance comparison of the hybrid battery thermal management systems reported in different studies, but also the future designs of the cyclic charging-discharging tests.

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引用次数: 0

Optimized ventilation design for high-geothermal tunnels considering worker comfort

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.125772

Chaojun Jia , Yongqiong Hu , Liang Dai , Chenghua Shi , Yanni Zheng

In high-geothermal tunnels, extreme heat and humidity pose significant health risks to workers, making an optimized ventilation design crucial for improving worker comfort. A numerical model is developed to analyze the evolution of temperature and humidity within high-geothermal tunnels. A sensitivity analysis of the ventilation parameters is conducted using the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) as an indicator. Field tests on worker comfort are performed, and changes in skin temperature and heart rate with the WBGT are determined. The response-surface methodology (RSM) is employed to optimize the tunnel-ventilation parameters. The results indicate that the airflow field of the tunnel is divided into three zones: jet, vortex, and recirculation. For a tunnel with an initial temperature of 80 ℃ and humidity of 60 %, temperatures near the tunnel wall remain above 35 °C, with humid air accumulating in this area after 7 h of ventilation. The distance between the ventilation outlet and tunnel face, wind speed, airflow temperature, and rock temperature significantly influence the spatiotemporal evolution of the WBGT. Monitoring revealed that the heart rates and skin temperatures of workers exceed normal levels in high-geothermal tunnels, with heart rates increasing linearly and skin temperatures increasing exponentially with the WBGT. Response-surface analysis identified the ventilation-flow rate, temperature, and duration as key factors affecting the WBGT. Tunnels with rock temperatures of 80 °C require additional cooling measures when ventilation outlet temperatures exceed 20 °C. The research findings are of great significance in mitigating health risks to workers arising from the adverse conditions of high-geothermal tunnel environments and in ensuring safe tunnel-construction practices.

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引用次数: 0