Applied Thermal Engineering最新文献_第3页

Numerical investigation on the heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics of precooler under negative pressure 负压下预冷却器传热和压力损失特性的数值研究

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124894

Tao Liang, Wei Ye, Jie Song, Dongdong Zhang, Wanwu Xu

Precoolers have garnered considerable attention owing to their applications in aerospace and industrial fields. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of research concerning the performance of precoolers under conditions of extremely low pressure. This study conducts a numerical analysis of the heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics of a plate-fin precooler operating under negative pressure, considering the coupled heat transfer interactions among the hot fluid, solid wall, and cooling fluid. The comprehensive performance and flow field on each side of the precooler are investigated. Moreover, the impact of negative pressure on the heat transfer and pressure recovery performance of the hot fluid in the rectangle channel is evaluated. The results show that, even under operating conditions with pressures below 30 kPa and inlet temperatures exceeding 1100 K, the precooler attains a pressure recovery coefficient greater than 95.6 % and achieves a temperature drop exceeding 43.2 % for the hot fluid as the mass flow rate ranges from 0.205 kg/s to 0.564 kg/s. Additionally, the heat transfer coefficient of the hot fluid is less than 1/40 that of the cooling fluid, resulting in increased thermal resistance between the hot fluid and the wall. Consequently, a distinct thermal boundary layer develops between the hot fluid and the wall, which is not present between the cooling fluid and the wall. Furthermore, the performance of heat transfer and pressure recovery for the hot fluid exhibits considerable variability with changes in static pressure at a constant inlet velocity. However, a turning point is observed when these parameters are evaluated in terms of the inlet Reynolds number. At low Reynolds numbers, both the heat transfer coefficient and the friction factor remain relatively stable, notwithstanding fluctuations in static pressure. Conversely, at higher Reynolds numbers, a reduction in static pressure negatively influences these factors. For instance, when the static pressure is 10 kPa, the associated Reynolds number is 500. Nevertheless, the Reynolds number at which this turning point occurs escalates with an increase in static pressure.

预冷却器因其在航空航天和工业领域的应用而备受关注。然而，有关预冷却器在极低压力条件下性能的研究却很少。考虑到热流体、固体壁和冷却流体之间的耦合传热相互作用，本研究对负压下运行的板翅式预冷却器的传热和压力损失特性进行了数值分析。研究了预冷却器各侧的综合性能和流场。此外，还评估了负压对矩形通道中热流体传热和压力恢复性能的影响。结果表明，即使在压力低于 30 kPa 和入口温度超过 1100 K 的工作条件下，预冷却器的压力回收系数仍大于 95.6%，热流体的温度下降超过 43.2%，质量流量范围为 0.205 kg/s 至 0.564 kg/s。此外，热流体的传热系数小于冷却流体的 1/40，导致热流体与壁面之间的热阻增加。因此，热流体和壁面之间形成了明显的热边界层，而冷却流体和壁面之间则没有。此外，在入口速度不变的情况下，热流体的传热和压力恢复性能随静压的变化而变化很大。然而，当根据入口雷诺数对这些参数进行评估时，会发现一个转折点。在雷诺数较低时，尽管静压有波动，但传热系数和摩擦因数都保持相对稳定。相反，在雷诺数较高时，静压的降低会对这些系数产生负面影响。例如，当静压为 10 千帕时，相关的雷诺数为 500。然而，随着静压的增加，出现这一转折点的雷诺数也会增加。

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引用次数: 0

Uniform temperature distribution and reduced convection losses: Top and bottom heating strategies for nanofluid and surface absorption-based solar thermal systems 温度分布均匀，对流损失减少：基于纳米流体和表面吸收的太阳能热系统的顶部和底部加热策略

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124904

Abhishek Singh Kashyap , Vishal Bhalla , Himanshu Tyagi

In direct absorption solar collectors (DASC), the suspension of nanoparticles in base fluid increases the solar absorptivity for volumetric absorption, which results in better efficiency when compared to transparent base fluids. However, a temperature gradient exists in the nanofluid volume while irradiated in the gravitational direction which can be diminished by changing the irradiation direction. The irradiation provided from opposite direction to gravity introduces natural convection in nanofluid and maintains a uniform temperature. The novelty of present experimental study is to compare and understand the effect of two directions of irradiation i.e., heating from the top (TH, in the gravitational direction) and heating from the bottom (BH, in the opposite direction of gravity) on both surface absorption-based (SAS) solar collector and volumetric absorption-based (VAS) solar collector. In VAS 6 different mass fractions of carbon-based nanofluids have been used. From the results, it was found that BH gives a higher and uniform temperature rise compared to TH for both the SAS and VAS. For VAS with TH, a maximum temperature rise of 8.51 °C is obtained at an optimum 5 mg/l mass fraction of carbon which is 1.46 times higher than the maximum temperature rise obtained for SAS with TH. For VAS with BH, a maximum temperature rise of 13.1 °C is obtained at an optimum 20 mg/l mass fraction of carbon which is 1.2 times higher than the maximum temperature rise obtained for SAS with BH. For BH a maximum value of Ra is obtained to be 1.12 × 10⁸. On comparing the temperature rise for BH and TH, the temperature rise for VAS with BH is 1.53 times than TH, whereas, for SAS, the BH gives a 1.88 times higher temperature rise than TH. The study concludes that buoyancy forces, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis play an important role in improving the thermal performance of VAS.

在直接吸收式太阳能集热器（DASC）中，纳米颗粒悬浮在基液中，增加了体积吸收的太阳能吸收率，与透明基液相比，效率更高。然而，在重力方向照射时，纳米流体体积内存在温度梯度，可通过改变照射方向来减小温度梯度。与重力方向相反的辐照会在纳米流体中引入自然对流，并保持均匀的温度。本实验研究的新颖之处在于比较并了解两个辐照方向的影响，即从顶部（TH，重力方向）加热和从底部（BH，重力反方向）加热对基于表面吸收的太阳能集热器和基于体积吸收的太阳能集热器的影响。在 VAS 中使用了 6 种不同质量分数的碳基纳米流体。结果发现，与 TH 相比，BH 能为 SAS 和 VAS 带来更高更均匀的温升。对于使用 TH 的 VAS，在碳的最佳质量分数为 5 毫克/升时，最大温升为 8.51 °C，是使用 TH 的 SAS 最大温升的 1.46 倍。对于含 BH 的 VAS，在碳的最佳质量分数为 20 毫克/升时，最大温升为 13.1 °C，是含 BH 的 SAS 最大温升的 1.2 倍。对于 BH，Ra 的最大值为 1.12 × 108。比较 BH 和 TH 的温升，使用 BH 的 VAS 的温升是 TH 的 1.53 倍，而使用 BH 的 SAS 的温升是 TH 的 1.88 倍。研究得出结论，浮力、布朗运动和热泳在提高 VAS 的热性能方面发挥了重要作用。

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引用次数: 0

Performance enhancement of latent heat thermal energy storage systems via dynamic melting process of PCM under different control strategies 不同控制策略下通过 PCM 的动态熔化过程提高潜热蓄能系统的性能

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124903

Yee-Ting Lee , Yen-Ren Liao , Liang-Han Chien , Fan-Bill Cheung , An-Shik Yang

Latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems merging high energy densities with near isotherm operations have made a reliable solution to ease the intermittence difficulties of renewable energy and manage periodic energy demands to ensure supply–demand balances on electricity grids. This study experimentally and numerically explores the liquefaction characteristics of phase change material (PCM) in the LHTES tank with the dynamic melting technique, involving the liquid PCM recirculation in the liquefying process to enhance the melting outcomes. Experimental measurements are conducted to investigate the dynamic melting progression for revealing the system effectiveness in terms of the complete melt time and mean power with different control strategies modifying the formations and inlet velocities of recirculating PCM flows. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are also conducted to resolve the liquid fraction, vorticity and temperature distributions for offering the insights of the transfiguration of heat transfer and liquefaction behaviors. The photos of ice-water interfaces and measured temperature data in the LHTES tank are thus acquired to verify the computational model generating the CFD predictions. The performance assessments signpost the optimization of dynamic melting arrangements adopting the top to bottom layout with a PCM inlet velocity of 0.22 m/s, achieving the reduction of full melting time by 48.1 % and the enhancement of estimated mean power by 132.6 %, respectively.

潜热蓄能（LHTES）系统兼具高能量密度和接近等温线的运行特性，是缓解可再生能源间歇性难题和管理周期性能源需求以确保电网供需平衡的可靠解决方案。本研究通过实验和数值计算，利用动态熔化技术探讨了相变材料（PCM）在 LHTES 罐中的液化特性，其中涉及液化过程中的液态 PCM 再循环，以提高熔化效果。通过实验测量来研究动态熔化过程，以揭示不同控制策略下完整熔化时间和平均功率的系统有效性，这些控制策略改变了再循环 PCM 流动的形式和入口速度。此外，还进行了计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟，以解析液体分数、涡度和温度分布，从而深入了解传热和液化行为的变化。因此，获得的冰水界面照片和 LHTES 罐内的实测温度数据可用于验证产生 CFD 预测值的计算模型。性能评估表明，采用 0.22 米/秒 PCM 入口速度的自上而下布局优化了动态熔化安排，使完全熔化时间缩短了 48.1%，估计平均功率提高了 132.6%。

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引用次数: 0

MXene-based flexible composite phase change material for battery thermal management application 用于电池热管理的基于 MXene 的柔性复合相变材料

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124898

Zhiyuan Zhang , Ning Zhang , Jintao Li , Lei Chen , Xing Cao

Although the phase change material (PCM) is increasingly recognized for its potential in battery thermal management application, the effectiveness of PCM is hindered by issues such as high rigidity, prone leakage and low thermal conductivity. To get rid of such predicament, a novel flexible composite PCM containing the myristyl alcohol/olefin block copolymer/MXene is fabricated and tested in this paper, and then the applicability of this composite PCM on battery thermal management is evaluated through numerical simulation. The results indicate that the MXene enhances the thermal conductivity of the composite PCM, and up to 207 % increment is acquired by 15 wt% MXene. The excellent thermally-induced flexibility of the composite PCM is realized owing to the olefin block copolymer. Under the cooperative action of the MXene and the olefin block copolymer, the composite PCM features outstanding thermal reliability. As for the battery cooling application, the composite PCM features superior characteristic than the air. Considering the better thermal control performance, the low MXene addition in the composite PCM is appropriate for the high discharge rate, while the high MXene addition is suitable for the low discharge rate. The PCM thickness between parallel batteries exerts greater impact on battery thermal management in contrast to the PCM thickness between series batteries. The prepared composite PCM can meet the thermal control requirements when the ambient temperature is 20–35 °C.

尽管相变材料（PCM）在电池热管理应用中的潜力日益得到认可，但高刚性、易泄漏和低导热性等问题阻碍了 PCM 的有效性。为了摆脱这种困境，本文制作并测试了一种含有肉豆蔻醇/烯烃嵌段共聚物/MXene 的新型柔性复合 PCM，然后通过数值模拟评估了这种复合 PCM 在电池热管理中的适用性。结果表明，MXene 增强了复合 PCM 的热导率，15 wt% 的 MXene 可使热导率提高 207%。由于烯烃嵌段共聚物的存在，复合 PCM 具有出色的热诱导柔韧性。在 MXene 和烯烃嵌段共聚物的协同作用下，复合 PCM 具有出色的热可靠性。在电池冷却应用方面，复合 PCM 的特性优于空气。考虑到更好的热控制性能，复合 PCM 中的低 MXene 添加量适用于高放电率，而高 MXene 添加量则适用于低放电率。与串联电池之间的 PCM 厚度相比，并联电池之间的 PCM 厚度对电池热管理的影响更大。当环境温度为 20-35 °C 时，制备的复合 PCM 可满足热控制要求。

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引用次数: 0

Development of flexible phase-change heat storage materials for photovoltaic panel temperature control 开发用于光伏面板温度控制的柔性相变储热材料

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124909

Yujie Liao , Xiao Wu , Yang Liu , Xihong Xu , Taiping Fu , Wenbin Yang , Fangfang He , Zhuoni Jiang , Yuanlin Zhou , Yongsheng Li , Shengdong Lv

Photovoltaic (PV) power generation technology plays a crucial role in achieving humanity’s long-term sustainable development goals and has been widely utilized worldwide. However, the efficiency of PV cells is affected by temperature fluctuations, and enhancing energy conversion efficiency can be achieved by reducing the surface temperature of PV panels. Inorganic phase change materials offer advantages such as a high latent heat of phase change, excellent temperature control performance, and non-flammability, making them highly promising for applications in solar energy storage and thermal management. Practical applications of inorganic phase change materials are hindered by issues such as high rigidity, susceptibility to fracture, and unstable shape. To address these issues, this paper combines optimized disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (DHPD) with sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) and starch (ST) to prepare a new type of PAAS/ST/DHPD flexible phase change hydrogel. The phase change temperature is 31.0 °C, with a latent heat of change of 162.3 J/g when the DHPD content is 65 wt%. Furthermore, the hydrogel demonstrates excellent thermal stability after 100 heating–cooling cycles and exhibits good compression-resilience properties at both 25 °C and 40 °C. The study also evaluates the cooling effect of the composite material on PV panels, showing a significant reduction in panel temperature and promising application prospects.

光伏（PV）发电技术在实现人类长期可持续发展目标方面发挥着至关重要的作用，并已在全球范围内得到广泛应用。然而，光伏电池的效率会受到温度波动的影响，因此可以通过降低光伏板的表面温度来提高能量转换效率。无机相变材料具有高相变潜热、优异的温度控制性能和不可燃性等优点，因此在太阳能储存和热管理领域的应用前景十分广阔。无机相变材料的实际应用受到高刚性、易断裂和形状不稳定等问题的阻碍。针对这些问题，本文将优化的十二水磷酸氢二钠（DHPD）与聚丙烯酸钠（PAAS）和淀粉（ST）结合，制备出一种新型 PAAS/ST/DHPD 柔性相变水凝胶。当 DHPD 含量为 65 wt% 时，相变温度为 31.0 °C，变化潜热为 162.3 J/g。此外，该水凝胶在经过 100 次加热-冷却循环后表现出优异的热稳定性，并在 25 °C 和 40 °C 温度下表现出良好的抗压性能。研究还评估了复合材料对光伏板的冷却效果，结果表明光伏板的温度显著降低，应用前景广阔。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-objective optimization under the mixed utilization strategy of heat pump and electric drive waste heat of electric vehicles 电动汽车热泵和电驱动余热混合利用策略下的多目标优化

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124900

Yan Zhang , Donggang Zhao , Limin Wu , Liange He , Jianglu Huang , Yu Zhao

Low-temperature conditions can lead to problems such as easy frosting of the outdoor heat exchanger (OHE) of the vehicle heat pump air conditioner (MHP) in electric vehicles (EVs), inefficient use of waste heat in the electric drive system (EDS), and poor performance of the power battery. A hybrid utilization structure of EDS waste heat recovery (WHR) and MHP is proposed, and a corresponding WHR control strategy is developed. The strategy utilizes the EDS waste heat for the power battery to increase the operating temperature, and improves the heat production performance of the MHP to suppress the occurrence of outdoor heat exchanger frost. The results show that at ambient temperatures of −10 °C and −5°C, the strategy not only effectively utilizes the waste heat of the EDS to rapidly raise the power battery to the target temperature of 20 °C, but also warms the inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger of the MHP to above 0 °C, effectively preventing frosting. The Coefficient of Performance (COP) of MHP is increased by 21.98 % and 20.73 %, respectively, and the state of charge (SOC) can be saved by 0.86 % and 3.3 %, respectively, from full power to depletion. The energy consumption of the compressor is reduced by 0.52 % and 2.45 % respectively.

低温条件会导致电动汽车（EV）中车载热泵空调（MHP）的室外热交换器（OHE）容易结霜、电力驱动系统（EDS）中余热利用效率低下以及动力电池性能不佳等问题。本文提出了一种 EDS 废热回收（WHR）和 MHP 混合利用结构，并开发了相应的 WHR 控制策略。该策略利用 EDS 余热提高动力电池的运行温度，并改善 MHP 的制热性能，以抑制室外热交换器结霜现象的发生。结果表明，在环境温度为-10 °C和-5 °C时，该策略不仅能有效利用 EDS 的余热将动力电池迅速升温至 20 °C的目标温度，还能将 MHP 的室外热交换器入口升温至 0 °C以上，有效防止结霜。MHP 的性能系数 (COP) 分别提高了 21.98 % 和 20.73 %，电量状态 (SOC) 从满电到耗尽可分别节省 0.86 % 和 3.3 %。压缩机的能耗分别降低了 0.52 % 和 2.45 %。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation on the cooling performance of a solid hybrid gel with self-transpiration cooling at high temperature 固体混合凝胶高温自发散冷却性能的实验研究

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124913

Fei Wang , Xinlin Xia , Nianduo Song , Xue Chen

Transpiration cooling technology represents a viable cooling method for ultra-high temperature or high heat flux environments, offering high cooling efficiency. In previous studies, coolants were primarily in the form of gases and liquids. Therefore, the exploration of solid coolants remains a promising avenue for further research. This paper utilizes a compound with a substantial heat absorption capacity upon decomposition to prepare a solid hybrid gel as a coolant, and constructs a transpiration cooling structure with a high porosity zirconia foam as the coolant carrier and a stainless-steel wire mesh panel as the outer porous panel. Subsequently, the cooling structure was subjected to a thermal load experiment at a high temperature of 1654 K for a period of 1600 s. The present study offers novel and valuable insights by comparing the results with those of previous studies on hydrogel and ammonium carbonate, which have been extensively investigated with strong applicability: Hybrid gel stored at room temperature demonstrate superior long-term stability compared to hydrogel and ammonium carbonate. Hybrid gel, ammonium carbonate, and hydrogel demonstrated the capacity to cool the underside of the structure with a level of efficiency exceeding 30 % for a duration exceeding 1000 s under the experiment conditions. Among the hybrid gel, ammonium carbonate, and hydrogel, the hybrid gel exhibited the most efficient cooling of the surface of the specimen, achieving a rate of 10.6 %. Following an increase in the porosity of the porous panel from 20 μm to 120 μm, the hybrid gel has been observed to enhance the cooling efficiency of the specimen surface by 1.6 %, whereas ammonium carbonate and hydrogel do not possess this capability.

蒸发冷却技术是一种适用于超高温或高热通量环境的可行冷却方法，具有很高的冷却效率。在以往的研究中，冷却剂主要以气体和液体的形式存在。因此，对固体冷却剂的探索仍然是一个很有前景的研究方向。本文利用一种分解后吸热能力很强的化合物制备了一种固体混合凝胶作为冷却剂，并以高孔隙率氧化锆泡沫作为冷却剂载体，以不锈钢丝网板作为外层多孔板，构建了一种蒸发冷却结构。本研究将其结果与之前对水凝胶和碳酸铵的研究结果进行了比较，从而提出了新颖而有价值的见解，后者已被广泛研究，具有很强的适用性：与水凝胶和碳酸铵相比，混合凝胶在室温下储存具有更出色的长期稳定性。在实验条件下，混合凝胶、碳酸铵和水凝胶冷却结构底部的效率超过 30%，持续时间超过 1000 秒。在混合凝胶、碳酸铵和水凝胶中，混合凝胶冷却试样表面的效率最高，达到了 10.6%。多孔板的孔隙率从 20 μm 增加到 120 μm 后，混合凝胶可将试样表面的冷却效率提高 1.6%，而碳酸铵和水凝胶则不具备这种能力。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study on the thermal insulation performance of semi-transparent materials based on convection heating method 基于对流加热法的半透明材料隔热性能实验研究

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124908

Fengfei Lou , Sujun Dong , Yinwei Ma , Xiaona Chen , Keyong Zhu

Radiation heat transfer inside the aerogel materials belongs to medium radiation, so different heating methods have different measurement results of thermal conductivity. For aerogel materials applied in high temperature air flow environment (aerospace field), since the real boundary conditions of aerogel materials during operation can be simulated by convection heating method (CHM), the combustion-gas wind tunnel device based on two-stages atomization, two-stages combustion/mixing mode is constructed, and the performance test is conducted. The operation safety and combustion performance of the device meet the test requirements, so the thermal conductivity test of aerogel materials can be carried out. When the average temperatures are 469 K, 622 K and 763 K respectively, the effective thermal conductivity (ETC) measured by the CHM is smaller than that measured by the thermal conduction heating method (TCHM), which decreases by 2.7 %, 7.84 % and 9.23 % respectively. The CHM solves the limitations of the TCHM, so the ETC of aerogel materials measured by CHM is more valuable for the design of thermal protection system.

气凝胶材料内部的辐射传热属于介质辐射，因此不同的加热方式会产生不同的导热系数测量结果。针对气凝胶材料在高温气流环境（航空航天领域）中的应用，由于气凝胶材料在运行过程中的真实边界条件可以通过对流加热法（CHM）进行模拟，因此构建了基于两级雾化、两级燃烧/混合模式的燃烧气体风洞装置，并进行了性能测试。装置的运行安全性和燃烧性能均满足试验要求，可以进行气凝胶材料的导热性能试验。当平均温度分别为 469 K、622 K 和 763 K 时，CHM 测得的有效热导率（ETC）小于热传导加热法（TCHM），分别降低了 2.7 %、7.84 % 和 9.23 %。CHM 解决了 TCHM 的局限性，因此用 CHM 测量气凝胶材料的 ETC 对热保护系统的设计更有价值。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study on natural convection heat transfer performance of microencapsulated phase change material slurry in a square cavity 方形空腔中微胶囊相变材料浆料自然对流传热性能的实验研究

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124883

Chenzhen Liu , Yibin Bao , Kun Huang , Peizhao Lyu , Xinjian Liu , Zhonghao Rao

Microencapsulated phase change slurry (MicroEPCMS), consisting of microencapsulated phase change material (MicroEPCM) and base liquid, represents a novel latent heat functional fluid that can absorb a large amount of heat within its phase change temperature range. It has found widespread use as a functional liquid cooling medium for heat dissipation in batteries, electronic devices, and other devices. In this work, MicroEPCMS with different MicroEPCM concentration were prepared. The physical properties of MicroEPCMS including density, thermal conductivity, and dynamic viscosity were tested within different temperature ranges. The results showed that the MicroEPCMS exhibits a superior thermal energy storage capacity compared to water. In the phase change range of MicroEPCM, the MicroEPCMS has a higher thermal conductivity compared to water. In addition, the natural convection heat transfer characteristics of MicroEPCMS in a square cavity were investigated under varying heating power. The results indicated that MicroEPCMS can enhance natural convection heat transfer by absorbing heat with a minimal temperature rise during the phase change process compared to water. Moreover, higher heating power enables natural convection enhancement of MicroEPCMS in a square cavity. These results underscore the significant potential of MicroEPCMS as a functional liquid cooling medium for applications in thermal energy storage and thermal management.

微胶囊相变浆料（MicroEPCMS）由微胶囊相变材料（MicroEPCM）和基液组成，是一种新型潜热功能流体，可在相变温度范围内吸收大量热量。它已被广泛用作功能液体冷却介质，用于电池、电子设备和其他设备的散热。本研究制备了不同浓度的 MicroEPCMS。在不同温度范围内测试了 MicroEPCMS 的物理性质，包括密度、热导率和动态粘度。结果表明，与水相比，MicroEPCMS 具有更出色的热能储存能力。在 MicroEPCM 的相变范围内，与水相比，MicroEPCMS 具有更高的热导率。此外，还研究了 MicroEPCMS 在方形空腔中不同加热功率下的自然对流传热特性。结果表明，与水相比，MicroEPCMS 可在相变过程中以最小的温升吸收热量，从而增强自然对流传热。此外，较高的加热功率也能增强 MicroEPCMS 在方形空腔中的自然对流。这些结果凸显了 MicroEPCMS 作为功能性液体冷却介质在热能存储和热管理应用中的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrocarbon combustion powered micro thermoelectric generator with an inverted T-shape heat collector 带有倒 T 型集热器的碳氢化合物燃烧微型热电发电机

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124808

Guoneng Li , Yuxiao Zhi , Shifeng Wang , Youqu Zheng , Rong Shen , Wenwen Guo , Yuanjun Tang

The battery greatly accelerates flourishing of interconnection and intercommunication, even though it has been long suffered by the low energy density and long charging time. Hydrocarbon combustion powered micro-thermoelectric generator is a promising alternative to batteries due to its solid-state energy conversion and high energy density. Detail literature reviews revealed that no previous combustion powered thermoelectric generator is able to generate an electric power greater than 50 W with an overall efficiency higher than 3.5 %. In this study, a blower-assisted swirl combustor and an inverted T-shape heat collector are first proposed to simultaneously augment the overall efficiency and electric power to 4.11 % and 76.3 W, respectively. The power density of the proposed thermoelectric generator reaches 5088 W/m² on the basis of the area of the thermoelectric module, which is achieved by releasing the power generation potential of the thermoelectric module to a degree of 89.6 %. In addition, a lumped thermoelectric model is developed and combined with turbulent fluid flow, combustion reaction, and heat transfer models to analyze the working principle of the inverted T-shape heat collector. Detail comparisons and comprehensive discussions on power density, power magnitude, and overall efficiency with previous studies are made. The present work provides a concrete method to design a high-performance hydrocarbon combustion powered micro-thermoelectric generator.

电池大大加速了互联和互通的发展，尽管它长期以来一直受到能量密度低和充电时间长的困扰。以碳氢化合物燃烧为动力的微型热电发电机因其固态能量转换和高能量密度而有望成为电池的替代品。详细的文献综述显示，以前的燃烧动力热电发电机都无法产生大于 50 W 的电能，且总效率高于 3.5%。本研究首次提出了鼓风机辅助漩涡燃烧器和倒 T 型集热器，可同时将总效率和电功率分别提高到 4.11 % 和 76.3 W。在热电模块面积的基础上，拟议热电发电机的功率密度达到 5088 W/m2，通过释放热电模块的发电潜能达到 89.6%。此外，还建立了叠加热电模型，并结合湍流流体流动、燃烧反应和传热模型分析了倒 T 型集热器的工作原理。在功率密度、功率大小和总体效率方面与之前的研究进行了详细比较和全面讨论。本研究为设计高性能碳氢化合物燃烧动力微型热电发电机提供了具体方法。

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