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Trash Transformations: Litter, Volunteer Labour, and Care in Philadelphia 垃圾改造:费城的垃圾、志愿劳动和关怀
IF 5 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1111/anti.13007
Kristin Hankins

This article examines anti-litter labour in Philadelphia as a site of political possibility. Drawing on four years of ethnographic fieldwork conducted with a grassroots anti-litter group, I argue that embodied spatial practices at the organisation's clean-ups produce lived and imagined images of a more just urban landscape. These imperfect and impermanent images illuminate the possibilities and challenges of transforming landscapes of uneven disinvestment through acts of radical care.

本文将费城的反垃圾劳动作为政治可能性的一个场所进行研究。通过与一个基层反垃圾团体四年的人种学实地调查,我认为该组织在清理垃圾时的空间实践产生了生活和想象中更加公正的城市景观形象。这些不完美和无常的形象揭示了通过激进的关怀行动改变不均衡的投资失衡景观的可能性和挑战。
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引用次数: 0
The Economic Politics of Anti-Displacement Struggle: Connecting Diverse and Community Economies Research with Critical Urban Studies on the Carpenters Estate, London 反流离失所斗争的经济政治:将伦敦木匠庄园的多元化和社区经济研究与批判性城市研究结合起来
IF 5 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1111/anti.13005
Myfanwy Taylor

This article explores the economic politics of anti-displacement struggle, bringing into conversation critical urban studies and diverse and community economies research. It draws on my research and collaboration with a community planning group which emerged from residents’ and businesses’ struggle against displacement on the Carpenters Estate in Newham, London in 2012/13. My analysis makes visible the ways in which anti-displacement struggle both animates and limits the production of new economic subjectivities, language, and possibilities for collective action. Ideas and tools from diverse and community economies research—lightly held and adapted for specific struggles and contexts—can help to support and strengthen these messy and fragile economic politics. The article advances diverse and community economies research on antagonism and the diversity of capitalism and contributes to re-orienting critical urban research towards the production of economic alternatives.

本文探讨了反流离失所斗争中的经济政治,将批判性城市研究与多元化社区经济研究结合起来。它借鉴了我的研究以及与一个社区规划小组的合作,该小组于 2012/13 年在伦敦纽汉的卡朋特庄园(Carpenters Estate)成立,是居民和企业反对流离失所斗争的产物。我的分析揭示了反流离失所斗争如何既激发又限制了新经济主体性、语言和集体行动可能性的产生。来自多元化和社区经济研究的理念和工具--根据具体的斗争和背景进行适当调整--有助于支持和加强这些混乱而脆弱的经济政治。这篇文章推进了关于资本主义对立性和多样性的多元化和社区经济研究,有助于将批判性城市研究重新定位为生产经济替代品。
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引用次数: 0
Between Migration and Exile: Muslim Women's Geographies of Citizenship in India 移民与流亡之间:印度穆斯林妇女的公民地理学
IF 5 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1111/anti.13001
Wajiha Mehdi

Against the backdrop of India's 2019 Islamophobic Citizenship Amendment Act, this article is based on ethnographic research with young Muslim women from Aligarh which aimed to show that their narratives of displacement and exclusion from citizenship inspired their search for belonging and enabled them to reinscribe spaces with their own, marginalised, but nonetheless real, projects of belonging. From exclusion and debasement springs new imagination of belonging: this is my finding. Drawing on intersectional feminist writings, postcolonial and critical Muslim studies, I propose that Muslim women's geographies become forms of contestation of the national project producing non-citizens. In this context, I trace the interconnections between physical and spiritual geographies to show us how Muslim women continue to carve space for themselves.

在印度 2019 年颁布仇视伊斯兰教的《公民身份修正法案》的背景下,本文基于对阿里加尔年轻穆斯林妇女的人种学研究,旨在说明她们关于流离失所和被排斥在公民身份之外的叙述激发了她们对归属感的追求,并使她们能够用自己边缘化但却真实的归属感项目重新定义空间。从排斥和贬低中产生新的归属想象:这就是我的发现。借鉴交叉性女权主义著作、后殖民主义和批判性穆斯林研究,我提出,穆斯林妇女的地理学成为了对产生非公民的国家项目提出质疑的形式。在此背景下,我追溯了物质地理和精神地理之间的相互联系,向我们展示了穆斯林妇女如何继续为自己开辟空间。
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引用次数: 0
The Roles and Intersections of Constrained Labour Agency 受限劳动代理的作用和交叉点
IF 5 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1111/anti.13003
David C. Jordhus-Lier, Neil M. Coe

Ever since labour geography first started demonstrating workers’ ability to shape geographies, geographers have problematised the agency of labour. This article responds to a recent intervention by Strauss (2020a; Progress in Human Geography 44[1]:150–159), challenging the sub-discipline to reflect on who counts as a worker and what counts as work. By combining theories of roles and intersectionality, the article poses a related question: as whom do workers act? Theoretically, a critical realist approach to labour agency forms the basis for an intersectional reading of the active subject. To illustrate our argument, we juxtapose the accounts of three people who speak for groups of workers or are asked to justify the actions of collective actors like unions or social movements. By showing how these actors improvise their own role incumbency while actively negotiating social identities, the article problematises the epistemology of constrained labour agency while responding to Strauss’ call for a rethinking of the ontologies of work.

自从劳动地理学开始展示工人塑造地理环境的能力以来,地理学家就一直在质疑劳动的能动性。本文回应了施特劳斯(2020a;《人文地理学进展》44[1]:150-159)最近的干预,挑战该分支学科反思谁算工人,什么算工作。通过结合角色理论和交叉性理论,文章提出了一个相关问题:工人作为谁而行动?从理论上讲,批判现实主义的劳工代理方法构成了对活跃主体进行交叉性解读的基础。为了说明我们的论点,我们将三位代表工人群体发言或被要求为工会或社会运动等集体行为者的行动辩护的人的叙述并列起来。通过展示这些行动者如何在积极协商社会身份的同时即兴扮演自己的角色,文章对受限劳工代理的认识论提出了质疑,同时回应了施特劳斯关于重新思考工作本体论的呼吁。
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引用次数: 0
Crosscurrents of Contagion: Snakes, Rumours, Rivers, and Ebola in Sierra Leone's Borderlands 传染的交叉流:塞拉利昂边境地区的蛇、谣言、河流和埃博拉病毒
IF 5 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.1111/anti.13000
Samuel Mark Anderson

When the Ebola virus crossed undetected into Sierra Leone and exacerbated the 2014–15 crisis, the World Health Organization blamed the breach on a traditional healer treating patients from Guinea. Meanwhile, local residents initially maintained that her death was not Ebola-related but a serpent's curse, an assumption grounded in lived experience of snake charmer spectacles. Both narratives drowned out evidence that the virus spread not via the healer's covert herbalism, but via her professional connections at the local government clinic and, more broadly, an overtaxed and undertrained public health system. This article takes local rumours around Ebola as vernacular epidemiologies that resonated with sensory experience. They show that both community and humanitarian actors had information; complications arose from the diverse experiences and expectations that shaped responses to that information. Such expectations emerge from the borderland geography, where colonial infrastructures continue to channel perception according to “upriver”, “downriver”, and “crossriver” phenomenologies.

当埃博拉病毒在未被发现的情况下进入塞拉利昂并加剧了 2014-15 年的危机时,世界卫生组织将其归咎于一名为来自几内亚的患者提供治疗的传统治疗师。与此同时,当地居民最初坚持认为,她的死亡与埃博拉病毒无关,而是受到了蛇的诅咒,这一假设是基于蛇妖表演的生活经验。这两种说法都掩盖了这样的证据,即病毒的传播不是通过治疗师的秘密草药疗法,而是通过她在当地政府诊所的专业关系,更广泛地说,是通过过度劳累、训练不足的公共卫生系统。本文将当地有关埃博拉的谣言视为与感官体验产生共鸣的本土流行病学。这些谣言表明,社区和人道主义行动者都掌握了信息;而对这些信息做出反应的不同经验和期望则导致了复杂情况的出现。这种期望来自于边境地区的地理环境,在那里,殖民基础设施继续根据 "上游"、"下游 "和 "跨河 "现象学来引导人们的感知。
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引用次数: 0
The “European Yellowstone”: Entrepreneurs of the Wilderness and Transnational Elites in the Romanian Carpathians 欧洲黄石公园":罗马尼亚喀尔巴阡山脉的荒野企业家和跨国精英
IF 5 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1111/anti.13002
Lucian Vesalon, Remus Gabriel Anghel

Carpathia—dubbed the “European Yellowstone”—is a private nature conservation project in Romania. Its establishment activates a critical linkage between entrepreneurs of the wilderness and transnational conservation elites. We indicate the contribution of entrepreneurialism to the expansion and adaptation of neoliberal conservation and reveal how biographical contingencies are involved in the making of conservation projects. At the same time, the focus on transnationalism reveals how local projects are designed, scaled-up, and connected to global neoliberal conservation networks. Carpathia reveals the adaptability of neoliberal conservation and its expansion into the Eastern European peripheries through transnational elites. Its establishment illustrates how private conservation projects become essential sites for securing privileged access to nature in times of global ecological crises and uncovers the varieties of the global geographies of capitalist conservation.

被称为 "欧洲黄石公园 "的喀尔巴阡山是罗马尼亚的一个私人自然保护项目。它的建立激活了荒野企业家与跨国保护精英之间的重要联系。我们指出了企业家精神对新自由主义保护的扩展和调整的贡献,并揭示了生物偶然性是如何参与到保护项目的制定中的。同时,对跨国主义的关注揭示了地方项目是如何设计、扩大规模并与全球新自由主义保护网络相联系的。喀尔巴阡山揭示了新自由主义保护的适应性及其通过跨国精英向东欧边缘地区的扩张。喀尔巴阡的建立说明了在全球生态危机时期,私人保护项目是如何成为确保人们有特权接触自然的重要场所,并揭示了资本主义保护的全球地理格局的多样性。
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引用次数: 0
Radical Methodological Openness and Method as Politics: Reflections on Militant Research with Squatters in Catalonia 激进的方法论开放和作为政治的方法:对加泰罗尼亚棚户区激进研究的思考
IF 5 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-11-12 DOI: 10.1111/anti.12993
Mara Ferreri, Melissa García-Lamarca, Obra Social Barcelona

In 2017, it was estimated that over 87,000 families—around 270,000 people—lived in squatted properties in Spain. Such figures, often used by the media to stigmatise residential occupations and generate moral panic, give an ill-defined yet powerful indication of the prevalence of squatting within and outside organised housing movements. From these came the question: How to elevate the “minor knowledges” of precariously housed people in an ethical, engaged, and situated way, in dialogue with a coordinated activist push to reframe squatting as a political strategy? Based on the experience of the first “strategic positivist” survey about squatting in Catalonia, we offer a situated reflection on the tensions and contradictions of militant research in a shifting political terrain. The urgency and ethics that guided our process made it necessary to operate through methodological openness and to consider method as politics, advancing a broader agenda of movement-relevant research supporting non-speculative forms of inhabitation.

据估计,2017年西班牙有超过8.7万个家庭(约27万人)居住在擅自占用的房产中。这些数字经常被媒体用来丑化住宅占用行为,并引发道德恐慌,它们以不明确的方式却有力地说明了在有组织的住房运动内外,蹲守活动的普遍性。由此产生了一个问题:如何以一种道德的、参与的和情景化的方式,在与活动家的对话中,提升岌岌可危的居住者的 "小知识",将蹲点活动重新定义为一种政治策略?基于首次对加泰罗尼亚地区擅自占地行为进行 "战略实证主义 "调查的经验,我们对在不断变化的政治环境中开展激进研究的紧张和矛盾进行了情景反思。指导我们工作的紧迫性和伦理道德使我们有必要通过方法论的开放性来开展工作,并将方法视为政治,从而推进更广泛的运动相关研究议程,支持非具体的居住形式。
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引用次数: 0
Bending Possession: How Detroiters Care for Land by Remediating Settler Property 弯曲占有:底特律人如何通过修复定居者财产来照顾土地
1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1111/anti.12997
Nicholas L. Caverly
Abstract This article examines how people reconfigure the social, legal, and material claims that settler property relations make to place. It does so through ethnographic and historical attention to small‐scale gardens in Detroit, Michigan. When present‐day Detroiters transform grassy lots into gardens and places of shared enjoyment, they frequently encounter how antiblack environmental conditions are grafted with property claims created through settler‐colonial dispossession of Indigenous lands. Gardeners document encounters with the simultaneity of settler plotlines and contaminated soils as part of efforts to secure gardens from encroachment by real estate developers. As gardeners leverage legal conventions of settler property regimes like adverse possession manoeuvres, they also refuse the sociomaterial status quo of colonial land relations. In conversation with Detroiters and their gardens, this article offers bending possession as a handle for methods people develop that begin to provisionally redirect the violence of private property that sustains colonial racial capitalism.
摘要本文考察了人们如何重新配置定居者财产关系对当地的社会、法律和物质要求。它通过对密歇根州底特律小型花园的民族志和历史关注来实现这一目标。当今天的底特律人把草坪改造成花园和共享享受的地方时,他们经常遇到反黑人的环境条件是如何与定居者-殖民地剥夺土著土地所产生的财产要求相嫁接的。园丁们记录了定居者的故事情节和被污染的土壤同时发生的情况,这是保护花园免受房地产开发商侵占的努力的一部分。当园丁们利用定居者财产制度的法律惯例,比如逆权占有策略时,他们也拒绝了殖民地土地关系的社会物质现状。在与底特律人和他们的花园的对话中,这篇文章提供了弯曲占有作为人们开发的方法的一个手柄,这些方法开始暂时重新定向维持殖民种族资本主义的私有财产暴力。
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引用次数: 1
Energy Storage and Environmental Justice: A Critical Examination of a Proposed Pumped Hydropower Facility in Goldendale, Washington 能源储存和环境正义:对华盛顿Goldendale抽水蓄能电站的关键审查
1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1111/anti.12994
Alida Cantor, Bethani Turley, Katie Maxfield
Abstract Renewable energy sources such as solar and wind produce electricity intermittently, creating challenges in balancing electricity supply and demand for increasingly renewable‐dominated grids. This is driving efforts to increase energy storage infrastructure, such as pumped hydroelectric power storage (pumped storage). In this research, we examine environmental justice issues in a case study of a proposed pumped storage facility in Goldendale, Washington, which has been highly controversial and actively contested by a coalition of Indigenous and environmental communities. Drawing from frameworks of political ecology, just transitions, and Indigenous environmental justice, we focus on processes of consultation and engagement around permitting as a key arena for environmental justice contestation, and critically examine the driving assumptions behind the project. Despite popular framings of renewable energy infrastructures as new and green, we argue that the environmental justice impacts of this and similar projects represent continuity with past patterns of settler colonialism and extractive development.
太阳能和风能等可再生能源间歇性发电,为日益占主导地位的电网平衡电力供应和需求带来了挑战。这推动了增加能源存储基础设施的努力,例如抽水蓄能(抽水蓄能)。在本研究中,我们通过对华盛顿州Goldendale抽水蓄能设施的案例研究来研究环境正义问题,该设施一直备受争议,并受到土著和环境社区联盟的积极质疑。从政治生态学、公正过渡和土著环境正义的框架出发,我们将重点放在围绕许可的协商和参与过程上,将其作为环境正义争论的关键舞台,并严格审查项目背后的驱动假设。尽管人们普遍认为可再生能源基础设施是新的和绿色的,但我们认为,这一项目和类似项目对环境正义的影响代表了过去定居者殖民主义和采掘开发模式的连续性。
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引用次数: 0
The Making of a Business Case for Unpaid Care and Domestic Work in the Global South: New Frontiers of Corporate Social Responsibility? 在南半球为无偿护理和家务劳动提供商业案例:企业社会责任的新领域?
1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1111/anti.12995
Catia Gregoratti, Sofie Tornhill
Abstract For some decades, feminist scholars have engaged with the new responsibilities that corporations assume to address gender inequalities, often critiquing forms of economic empowerment that ignore the significance of social reproduction. Recently, however, the idea of a business case for unpaid care and domestic work (UCDW) has caught traction, opening up new ways for businesses to showcase responsibilities for gender equality in the Global South. Taking cues from feminist debates on corporate agency for gender equality, this paper examines a three‐year partnership between Oxfam and Unilever's brand Surf, which aimed to recognise, reduce, and redistribute UCDW in the Philippines and Zimbabwe. Based on online material and interviews, we scrutinise how corporate and NGO goals coalesced around a business case for care and the governmental techniques assembled to act upon the problem of UCDW in the Global South. In comparison to the business case for women's economic empowerment we find that, for the corporation, the targeting of the social reproduction of groups of negligible economic interest is more difficult to justify and sustain. However, some of the techniques of governance used during the course of the partnership have been repurposed for political ends, charting different pathways to transform gender unequal responsibilities for social reproduction.
几十年来,女权主义学者一直在研究企业在解决性别不平等问题上承担的新责任,他们经常批评忽视社会再生产重要性的经济赋权形式。然而,最近,关于无偿照顾和家务劳动(UCDW)的商业案例的想法受到了关注,为企业展示南半球性别平等的责任开辟了新的途径。从女权主义者关于企业代理性别平等的辩论中得到启发,本文研究了乐施会与联合利华品牌Surf之间为期三年的合作关系,该合作旨在识别、减少和重新分配菲律宾和津巴布韦的UCDW。基于在线材料和访谈,我们仔细研究了企业和非政府组织的目标是如何围绕一个关怀的商业案例和政府的技术组合在一起,以解决全球南方的UCDW问题。与妇女经济赋权的商业案例相比,我们发现,对公司来说,以经济利益微不足道的群体的社会再生产为目标更难以证明和维持。然而,在伙伴关系过程中使用的一些管理技术已被重新用于政治目的,为改变社会再生产中的性别不平等责任指明了不同的途径。
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引用次数: 0
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