Hao Zhu, Minzhou Luo, Zigui Lv, Yan Luo, Ju Li, Ruikai Liu, Pengfei Lv, Jinlin Xue
Humanoid robots operating in unstructured environments and under high‐load conditions commonly face challenges such as limited locomotion performance and the difficulty of balancing structural strength with weight reduction. This study proposes a novel bio‐inspired electro‐hydraulic humanoid robot that incorporates a parametric dynamic model based on the coupled muscle–tendon–bone characteristics of the human hip–knee–ankle complex. Leveraging a custom‐designed, reverse–inverse kinematics framework, the leg morphology and electro‐hydraulic actuator parameters are co‐optimized to enhance agility and obstacle‐crossing capabilities. To simultaneously ensure structural strength and mass control, honeycomb structures are designed for the leg components, achieving functional lightweighting while preserving balanced strength across different directions. Simulation analyses demonstrate that a 21.28% weight reduction is attainable while maintaining comparable out‐of‐plane equivalent elastic and shear moduli relative to the original structure, thus meeting the demands of complex loading and impact conditions. Experimental tests confirm that the robot exhibits robust environmental adaptability and stable locomotion during high‐speed running at 10 km/h and obstacle traversal over 300 mm. The findings validate the effectiveness of the proposed configuration and bio‐inspired strategy, providing theoretical support and an engineering paradigm for structural optimization and system integration in high‐performance humanoid robots under complex task scenarios.
{"title":"Investigation of Musculoskeletal‐Inspired Architecture and Honeycomb Lightweight Design for Electro‐Hydraulic Humanoid Robot Legs","authors":"Hao Zhu, Minzhou Luo, Zigui Lv, Yan Luo, Ju Li, Ruikai Liu, Pengfei Lv, Jinlin Xue","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70175","url":null,"abstract":"Humanoid robots operating in unstructured environments and under high‐load conditions commonly face challenges such as limited locomotion performance and the difficulty of balancing structural strength with weight reduction. This study proposes a novel bio‐inspired electro‐hydraulic humanoid robot that incorporates a parametric dynamic model based on the coupled muscle–tendon–bone characteristics of the human hip–knee–ankle complex. Leveraging a custom‐designed, reverse–inverse kinematics framework, the leg morphology and electro‐hydraulic actuator parameters are co‐optimized to enhance agility and obstacle‐crossing capabilities. To simultaneously ensure structural strength and mass control, honeycomb structures are designed for the leg components, achieving functional lightweighting while preserving balanced strength across different directions. Simulation analyses demonstrate that a 21.28% weight reduction is attainable while maintaining comparable out‐of‐plane equivalent elastic and shear moduli relative to the original structure, thus meeting the demands of complex loading and impact conditions. Experimental tests confirm that the robot exhibits robust environmental adaptability and stable locomotion during high‐speed running at 10 km/h and obstacle traversal over 300 mm. The findings validate the effectiveness of the proposed configuration and bio‐inspired strategy, providing theoretical support and an engineering paradigm for structural optimization and system integration in high‐performance humanoid robots under complex task scenarios.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rewards frequently occur in novel contexts, yet whether novelty facilitates or inhibits reward evaluation remains unclear. Using EEG, we investigated how stimulus novelty affects reward evaluation across two experiments. Participants performed a monetary guessing task where gains and losses were delivered in either novel or familiar forms. In experiment 1 ( N = 49), stimulus novelty was integrated into feedback valence as a feedback attribute; in experiment 2 ( N = 50), it was separated from feedback valence as a contextual modulator. Time and time‐frequency domain results revealed that stimulus novelty reduced reward‐related signals when embedded in feedback (experiment 1), regardless of feedback valence. When stimulus novelty acted as a contextual modulator (experiment 2), it selectively attenuated neural responses to gains but not losses. Critically, this gain‐specific inhibition diminished as stimulus novelty habituated with task exposure, regardless of novelty's role. Our findings elucidate how stimulus novelty constrains reward evaluation, supporting the novelty inhibition hypothesis.
{"title":"Stimulus Novelty Inhibits Reward Evaluation: EEG Evidence","authors":"Xiaoya Li, Ziyang Yang, Guanglong Liu, Jianbiao Zhao, Wendeng Yang, Ya Zheng","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70182","url":null,"abstract":"Rewards frequently occur in novel contexts, yet whether novelty facilitates or inhibits reward evaluation remains unclear. Using EEG, we investigated how stimulus novelty affects reward evaluation across two experiments. Participants performed a monetary guessing task where gains and losses were delivered in either novel or familiar forms. In experiment 1 ( <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 49), stimulus novelty was integrated into feedback valence as a feedback attribute; in experiment 2 ( <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 50), it was separated from feedback valence as a contextual modulator. Time and time‐frequency domain results revealed that stimulus novelty reduced reward‐related signals when embedded in feedback (experiment 1), regardless of feedback valence. When stimulus novelty acted as a contextual modulator (experiment 2), it selectively attenuated neural responses to gains but not losses. Critically, this gain‐specific inhibition diminished as stimulus novelty habituated with task exposure, regardless of novelty's role. Our findings elucidate how stimulus novelty constrains reward evaluation, supporting the novelty inhibition hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herein, we report a photoinduced, metal- and photocatalyst-free protocol for site-selective C–H borylation via aryl thianthrenium (TT) salts, addressing key limitations of prior electron donor–acceptor (EDA)-based strategies. This approach leverages in situ-formed [Et3N·B2pin2] adducts with TT salts to generate a photoactive EDA complex, circumventing the need for exogenous electron donors and activating reagents while enabling exceptional tolerance of sensitive groups (cyano, aldehyde, amide) and complex natural products, with yields up to 95%. Its synthetic utility was validated by late-stage modification of bioactive molecules, and mechanistic studies confirmed the unique role of the EDA complex in driving the transformation without additional additives. This strategy represents a paradigm shift in metal-free borylation, combining operational simplicity with an expanded substrate scope and superior functional group compatibility.
{"title":"Photoinduced Metal-Free C–H Borylation via Thianthrenium Electron Donor–Acceptor Complexes","authors":"Wen-Ya Li, Yanting Lin, Yu Wang, Jing-Jing Lv, Huile Jin, Xiao-Chun Yu, Dingyi Wang, Zheng-Jun Wang","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70174","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, we report a photoinduced, metal- and photocatalyst-free protocol for site-selective C–H borylation via aryl thianthrenium (TT) salts, addressing key limitations of prior electron donor–acceptor (EDA)-based strategies. This approach leverages in situ-formed [Et<sub>3</sub>N·B<sub>2</sub>pin<sub>2</sub>] adducts with TT salts to generate a photoactive EDA complex, circumventing the need for exogenous electron donors and activating reagents while enabling exceptional tolerance of sensitive groups (cyano, aldehyde, amide) and complex natural products, with yields up to 95%. Its synthetic utility was validated by late-stage modification of bioactive molecules, and mechanistic studies confirmed the unique role of the EDA complex in driving the transformation without additional additives. This strategy represents a paradigm shift in metal-free borylation, combining operational simplicity with an expanded substrate scope and superior functional group compatibility.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inconsistent reporting can bias research findings. However, cross‐sectional research on adolescents’ alcohol consumption seldom addresses this issue. This study estimated the percentage of inconsistent reporters of alcohol use (AU) and inebriation experience (IE) among adolescents, identified correlates of inconsistent reporting, and examined how excluding inconsistent reporters affects AU and IE prevalence and the relationship between life satisfaction and both AU and IE. Data came from five surveys conducted quadrennially from 2006 to 2022 involving 42,772 adolescents aged 11–18. Measures of AU and IE varied across waves. Inconsistent reporting was identified through logical contradictions. The overall percentage of inconsistent reporters was about 19%, ranging from 2.6% in 2022 to 31.4% in 2014. Although no clear pattern emerged across time or analytic approaches, sex and school type were generally associated with inconsistent reporting. Effect sizes were small, however. Excluding inconsistent reporters mainly affected the prevalence of abstainers, very occasional users, and participants reporting no or very few IEs. It shifted the statistical significance status of 17.5% of the associations between life satisfaction and both AU and IE. In sum, inconsistent reporting compromises the validity of AU research and should be systematically addressed. Studies neglecting this issue should be interpreted cautiously.
{"title":"Inconsistent Reporting of Alcohol Use Among Adolescents: Implications for Survey Validity","authors":"Romain Brisson","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70158","url":null,"abstract":"Inconsistent reporting can bias research findings. However, cross‐sectional research on adolescents’ alcohol consumption seldom addresses this issue. This study estimated the percentage of inconsistent reporters of alcohol use (AU) and inebriation experience (IE) among adolescents, identified correlates of inconsistent reporting, and examined how excluding inconsistent reporters affects AU and IE prevalence and the relationship between life satisfaction and both AU and IE. Data came from five surveys conducted quadrennially from 2006 to 2022 involving 42,772 adolescents aged 11–18. Measures of AU and IE varied across waves. Inconsistent reporting was identified through logical contradictions. The overall percentage of inconsistent reporters was about 19%, ranging from 2.6% in 2022 to 31.4% in 2014. Although no clear pattern emerged across time or analytic approaches, sex and school type were generally associated with inconsistent reporting. Effect sizes were small, however. Excluding inconsistent reporters mainly affected the prevalence of abstainers, very occasional users, and participants reporting no or very few IEs. It shifted the statistical significance status of 17.5% of the associations between life satisfaction and both AU and IE. In sum, inconsistent reporting compromises the validity of AU research and should be systematically addressed. Studies neglecting this issue should be interpreted cautiously.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145771158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synchronization of movements to auditory rhythmic cues, such as music or metronomes, often occurs spontaneously. Nonetheless, important interindividual differences exist in auditory–motor synchronization (AMS). Effects of rhythm on movements are partly modulated by rhythmic abilities, which include beat perception, motor production, and sensorimotor integration. These rhythmic abilities are often assessed using finger‐tapping tasks, which can be performed in highly controlled environments and are easy to implement. In this article, we present limitations associated with finger‐tapping tasks and propose gait as an alternative model for investigating and training rhythmic abilities. We focus on three key elements that differentiate gait from tapping and are critical in assessing AMS: the need to coordinate multiple effectors, emergent timing associated with continuous actions, and movement automaticity. Interestingly, cued–gait interventions (i.e., walking to rhythmic auditory cues for several weeks) have shown positive effects on all aspects of rhythmic abilities, while tapping interventions (e.g., playing tablet‐based serious games) might lead to more limited transfer. In sum, gait offers a functionally rich behavioral model that can capture the complexity and ecological validity necessary to study and train AMS.
{"title":"From Finger Taps to Footsteps: Gait as a Model for Investigating and Training Rhythmic Abilities","authors":"Clara Ziane, Simone Dalla Bella","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70169","url":null,"abstract":"Synchronization of movements to auditory rhythmic cues, such as music or metronomes, often occurs spontaneously. Nonetheless, important interindividual differences exist in auditory–motor synchronization (AMS). Effects of rhythm on movements are partly modulated by rhythmic abilities, which include beat perception, motor production, and sensorimotor integration. These rhythmic abilities are often assessed using finger‐tapping tasks, which can be performed in highly controlled environments and are easy to implement. In this article, we present limitations associated with finger‐tapping tasks and propose gait as an alternative model for investigating and training rhythmic abilities. We focus on three key elements that differentiate gait from tapping and are critical in assessing AMS: the need to coordinate multiple effectors, emergent timing associated with continuous actions, and movement automaticity. Interestingly, cued–gait interventions (i.e., walking to rhythmic auditory cues for several weeks) have shown positive effects on all aspects of rhythmic abilities, while tapping interventions (e.g., playing tablet‐based serious games) might lead to more limited transfer. In sum, gait offers a functionally rich behavioral model that can capture the complexity and ecological validity necessary to study and train AMS.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145771157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benign esophageal strictures can be complex or refractory to traditional dilation techniques, requiring frequent or repeated treatments. A range of approaches may be implemented to offer improved symptom relief and durability, including self‐expandable stents, intralesional injections, incisional therapies, and cryoablation. We review the essential anatomy of the esophagus, methods to evaluate characteristics of benign esophageal strictures (including endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, EndoFLIP, optical coherence tomography, and various radiological imaging), and potential underlying conditions important for understanding the characteristics and depth of the stricture that may be crucial in guiding optimal management. This review summarizes the current diagnostic and therapeutic landscape for benign (as opposed to malignant) esophageal strictures, highlighting the importance of an individualized approach based on symptoms, history, stricture etiology and characteristics, and local expertise to improve patient outcomes.
{"title":"Characterization and Management of Benign Esophageal Strictures","authors":"Varun Teja Angajala, Danielle Bellavance, Justin Lee, Hiroshi Mashimo","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70155","url":null,"abstract":"Benign esophageal strictures can be complex or refractory to traditional dilation techniques, requiring frequent or repeated treatments. A range of approaches may be implemented to offer improved symptom relief and durability, including self‐expandable stents, intralesional injections, incisional therapies, and cryoablation. We review the essential anatomy of the esophagus, methods to evaluate characteristics of benign esophageal strictures (including endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, EndoFLIP, optical coherence tomography, and various radiological imaging), and potential underlying conditions important for understanding the characteristics and depth of the stricture that may be crucial in guiding optimal management. This review summarizes the current diagnostic and therapeutic landscape for benign (as opposed to malignant) esophageal strictures, highlighting the importance of an individualized approach based on symptoms, history, stricture etiology and characteristics, and local expertise to improve patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145765472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A wealth of research has investigated rhythm processing in music and speech, revealing shared cognitive and neural correlates and potential transfer effects, as evidenced by shared benefits and shared processing difficulties, as well as effects of stimulation and training programs. In this review article, we first discuss the empirical evidence of rhythm processing in adults and children and highlight the need to extend this investigation to early infancy. We next summarize new experimental evidence of rhythm processing in early infancy, with a focus on prematurely born infants who provide a model of early neurodevelopment. Finally, we present two longitudinal studies as concrete examples for investigating rhythm processing in healthy full-term infants for nonverbal and speech materials and its tracking over development (here up to 5 years). Altogether, this review aims to motivate new research investigating interindividual differences in rhythm processing in early infancy, along with implications for typical and atypical developmental contexts and potential diagnostic value. It provides evidence for the potential benefit of early rhythm-based training interventions, which may decrease the cascading effects of early atypical rhythm processing during development.
{"title":"Rhythm Processing Across Development: Origins, Links to Language Processing, and Perspectives for Intervention.","authors":"Barbara Tillmann,Usha Goswami,Sahar Moghimi","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70161","url":null,"abstract":"A wealth of research has investigated rhythm processing in music and speech, revealing shared cognitive and neural correlates and potential transfer effects, as evidenced by shared benefits and shared processing difficulties, as well as effects of stimulation and training programs. In this review article, we first discuss the empirical evidence of rhythm processing in adults and children and highlight the need to extend this investigation to early infancy. We next summarize new experimental evidence of rhythm processing in early infancy, with a focus on prematurely born infants who provide a model of early neurodevelopment. Finally, we present two longitudinal studies as concrete examples for investigating rhythm processing in healthy full-term infants for nonverbal and speech materials and its tracking over development (here up to 5 years). Altogether, this review aims to motivate new research investigating interindividual differences in rhythm processing in early infancy, along with implications for typical and atypical developmental contexts and potential diagnostic value. It provides evidence for the potential benefit of early rhythm-based training interventions, which may decrease the cascading effects of early atypical rhythm processing during development.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145760093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeroen van der Aa, Günther Koliander, W. Tecumseh Fitch, Marisa Hoeschele
Rhythm is an essential part of human music. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the production of rhythmicity in nonhuman animal vocalizations. Novel methods have found widespread rhythmic behaviors—including those with music‐like properties—among nonhuman animals. Parrots appear to be uniquely flexible and self‐motivated in engaging with rhythmic structures. Previous work has found evidence supporting rhythmic capabilities in the budgerigar, a small parrot; however, little is known about rhythmicity in their natural behavioral repertoire thus far. As such, we investigated the rhythmic structure of their complex learned warble song, developing an adapted statistical approach that addresses assumptions/biases found in other methods. After validating this method using human speech and song data, we found nonrandom and structured rhythmicity in the budgerigar warble song that shows similarities in rhythmicity to human music. We also identified two warble element pairs that seem to be essential for producing these budgerigar rhythms. The grouped rhythmic distributions observed in budgerigars appear to arise from different individual strategies, with differing uses of these element pairs among male individuals. These results, combined with earlier work, suggest that rhythmicity is an important aspect of budgerigar communication.
{"title":"Novel Approach to Inter‐Onset‐Interval Ratio Uncovers Music‐Like Rhythmic Patterns in Budgerigar ( Melopsittacus undulatus ) Warble Song","authors":"Jeroen van der Aa, Günther Koliander, W. Tecumseh Fitch, Marisa Hoeschele","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70164","url":null,"abstract":"Rhythm is an essential part of human music. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the production of rhythmicity in nonhuman animal vocalizations. Novel methods have found widespread rhythmic behaviors—including those with music‐like properties—among nonhuman animals. Parrots appear to be uniquely flexible and self‐motivated in engaging with rhythmic structures. Previous work has found evidence supporting rhythmic capabilities in the budgerigar, a small parrot; however, little is known about rhythmicity in their natural behavioral repertoire thus far. As such, we investigated the rhythmic structure of their complex learned warble song, developing an adapted statistical approach that addresses assumptions/biases found in other methods. After validating this method using human speech and song data, we found nonrandom and structured rhythmicity in the budgerigar warble song that shows similarities in rhythmicity to human music. We also identified two warble element pairs that seem to be essential for producing these budgerigar rhythms. The grouped rhythmic distributions observed in budgerigars appear to arise from different individual strategies, with differing uses of these element pairs among male individuals. These results, combined with earlier work, suggest that rhythmicity is an important aspect of budgerigar communication.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145760124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tessa A. Groeneweg, Erdene Baigal, Anny Leung, Gert‐Jan Kremers, Marcel J. C. Bijvelds
Krisanaklan (KK) is a traditional herbal remedy used to treat an array of gastrointestinal complaints, including infectious, secretory diarrhea (SD). We assessed the effect of KK on anion and fluid secretion across intestinal epithelia, and delineated its mode of action. KK inhibited cholera toxin/cAMP‐dependent anion secretion across intestinal epithelial monolayers and native intestinal epithelium ex vivo . Similarly, KK reduced cAMP‐dependent fluid secretion in intestinal organoids. KK inhibited Na + ,K + ‐ATPase (NKA)‐mediated, ouabain‐sensitive ion transport and channel‐mediated K + efflux across the basolateral plasma membrane but did not block cAMP‐dependent anion transport across the apical plasma membrane. KK also inhibited ouabain‐insensitive ATPase activity, but did not affect cAMP‐dependent protein phosphorylation. KK reduced carrier‐mediated amino acid uptake in Caco‐2 cells and Na + ‐coupled glucose transport in porcine intestine. Further, KK inhibited cGMP‐ and Ca 2+ ‐linked anion secretion across intestinal epithelial monolayers. We conclude that KK blocks intestinal epithelial anion and fluid secretion by inhibition of the NKA and K + channels. Consequently, KK may ameliorate SD caused by enteric microbial pathogens. However, by inhibiting the activity of Na + ‐dependent solute carriers, it is also predicted to counteract oral rehydration therapy, the current mainstay for SD therapy.
{"title":"Krisanaklan Reduces Intestinal Anion and Fluid Secretion Through Inhibition of Na + /K + ‐ATPase and K + Channel Activity","authors":"Tessa A. Groeneweg, Erdene Baigal, Anny Leung, Gert‐Jan Kremers, Marcel J. C. Bijvelds","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70152","url":null,"abstract":"Krisanaklan (KK) is a traditional herbal remedy used to treat an array of gastrointestinal complaints, including infectious, secretory diarrhea (SD). We assessed the effect of KK on anion and fluid secretion across intestinal epithelia, and delineated its mode of action. KK inhibited cholera toxin/cAMP‐dependent anion secretion across intestinal epithelial monolayers and native intestinal epithelium <jats:italic>ex vivo</jats:italic> . Similarly, KK reduced cAMP‐dependent fluid secretion in intestinal organoids. KK inhibited Na <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> ,K <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> ‐ATPase (NKA)‐mediated, ouabain‐sensitive ion transport and channel‐mediated K <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> efflux across the basolateral plasma membrane but did not block cAMP‐dependent anion transport across the apical plasma membrane. KK also inhibited ouabain‐insensitive ATPase activity, but did not affect cAMP‐dependent protein phosphorylation. KK reduced carrier‐mediated amino acid uptake in Caco‐2 cells and Na <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> ‐coupled glucose transport in porcine intestine. Further, KK inhibited cGMP‐ and Ca <jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> ‐linked anion secretion across intestinal epithelial monolayers. We conclude that KK blocks intestinal epithelial anion and fluid secretion by inhibition of the NKA and K <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> channels. Consequently, KK may ameliorate SD caused by enteric microbial pathogens. However, by inhibiting the activity of Na <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> ‐dependent solute carriers, it is also predicted to counteract oral rehydration therapy, the current mainstay for SD therapy.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coal gasification fine slag (CGFS) provides a stable, hierarchically porous framework, but its use as an adsorbent precursor is limited by energy‐intensive, CO 2 ‐emitting, high‐temperature activation. Herein, we propose a low‐energy, three‐step route—hydrothermal acid leaching, mild alkali treatment, and tetraethylenepentamine functionalization—to prepare an amine‐modified bifunctional adsorbent (CSM‐T5%). CSM‐T5% delivers exceptional single‐solute capacities (862.06 mg/g for methylene blue [MB] and 233.10 mg/g for Cr(VI)), which are further enhanced in binary systems to 1206.27 and 243.90 mg/g, respectively, through synergistic interactions. The material exhibits good reusability, retaining 71.37% MB and 63.68% Cr(VI) removal after five adsorption–desorption cycles. Mechanistic analysis shows that Cr(VI) removal involves adsorption coupled with in‐situ reduction, while MB uptake is governed by electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding/π anchoring, and pore confinement; in binary systems, charge compensation and spatial site complementarity reinforce these pathways. This study unlocks the latent porosity of CGFS without high‐temperature activation, offering a sustainable and cost‐effective strategy for converting industrial residues into efficient adsorbents for complex wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Synergistic Removal of Methylene Blue and Cr(VI) by Aminated Gasification Slag","authors":"Hua Wang, Yunxuan Luoyang, Xia Li, Guotao Zhang","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70168","url":null,"abstract":"Coal gasification fine slag (CGFS) provides a stable, hierarchically porous framework, but its use as an adsorbent precursor is limited by energy‐intensive, CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> ‐emitting, high‐temperature activation. Herein, we propose a low‐energy, three‐step route—hydrothermal acid leaching, mild alkali treatment, and tetraethylenepentamine functionalization—to prepare an amine‐modified bifunctional adsorbent (CSM‐T5%). CSM‐T5% delivers exceptional single‐solute capacities (862.06 mg/g for methylene blue [MB] and 233.10 mg/g for Cr(VI)), which are further enhanced in binary systems to 1206.27 and 243.90 mg/g, respectively, through synergistic interactions. The material exhibits good reusability, retaining 71.37% MB and 63.68% Cr(VI) removal after five adsorption–desorption cycles. Mechanistic analysis shows that Cr(VI) removal involves adsorption coupled with in‐situ reduction, while MB uptake is governed by electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding/π anchoring, and pore confinement; in binary systems, charge compensation and spatial site complementarity reinforce these pathways. This study unlocks the latent porosity of CGFS without high‐temperature activation, offering a sustainable and cost‐effective strategy for converting industrial residues into efficient adsorbents for complex wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145760123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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