Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences最新文献

The association between central sensitivity syndrome (CSS) and sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) demonstrates the need for assessment tools that quantify the physical and psychological alterations observed in these two conditions in order to generate multidisciplinary treatments and establish their effectiveness. This study aimed to identify and analyze validated CSS and SPS assessment methods and conduct an operational comparison of their parameters, content, methodological quality of their original validations, instructions, etc., in order to determine the best option. This systematic review (PRISMA) used PubMed, WoS, Scopus, Psycinfo, CINHAL, and manual searches until March 2025. A meta-analysis complemented the review. The main criteria selected for original validation studies of tools to assess CSS/SPS. Twenty-nine original validation studies with 29 assessment questionnaires/scales were selected. QUADAS-2 showed low risk of bias in all domains in recent validations. COSMIN-RB found that almost all domains in the post-2010 validations were adequate. The instruments included 78 variables grouped in the following categories: psychological, SPS, physical/psychosomatic aspects, intolerances, environmental sensitivity, and sensory modalities. The compilation and analysis of the assessment tools from the original validations associated with CSS and SPS provided scores and interpretations, locations, languages, etc., to select the most appropriate instrument in each context. The most recent validations had better methodological quality. The Central Sensitization Inventory Short Form scored the highest on QUADAS-2 and COSMIN-RB.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma is a major global health concern, primarily arising from gastroesophageal reflux disease, with Barrett's esophagus being its main precursor. Although proton pump inhibitors are commonly used to manage the symptoms from gastroesophageal reflux disease, their role in preventing esophageal adenocarcinoma progression remains uncertain. The aim of this review is to summarize the current advances in the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus and its progression, as well as to critically evaluate and compare the impact of antireflux surgery on Barrett's esophagus and its potential role in preventing its progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, surgical intervention, particularly antireflux surgery, has been associated with reduced esophageal adenocarcinoma risk in some studies, offering better long-term symptom control and possibly preventing cancer progression. However, other authors suggest that the cancer risk does not decrease significantly with surgery, highlighting the need for further investigation into its long-term preventive benefits. Several novel strategies have been established over the last few years that will facilitate an early diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus in the future.

Rhythm organizes many human motor activities from before birth and continues to shape development throughout infancy. In this review, we examine the role of rhythmic processes in early vocal development, drawing on research from motor control, physiology, speech, and language acquisition. We propose that respiration functions as a crucial core of early rhythmic coordination, linking vocalizations and bodily movements into an integrated system. At present, we have an imprecise understanding of how infant breathing for speech develops during the first year of life. However, respiration, an inherently flexible and adaptive system, may provide a temporal framework within which speech articulation and motor actions become progressively aligned. During canonical babbling, a key milestone in language acquisition, repetitive adult-like syllables emerge from rhythmic motor actions. The advent of this behavior presumably reflects developing coordination among motor, respiratory, and vocal subsystems. This three-way coordination creates the multimodal foundation of language. In this perspective, the respiratory rhythm is fundamental to early vocal development. Along with reviewing past work and its limitations, we suggest directions for future work to better address how the respiratory rhythm subserves developing linguistic and nonlinguistic actions in infant development.

Loneliness is an aversive state that occurs at elevated rates among individuals with mental health disorders and may reciprocally exacerbate psychopathological processes. Individuals with personality disorders (PDs) appear particularly susceptible; however, knowledge regarding the relationship between loneliness and facets of personality functioning (PF) remains limited. Greater conceptual and empirical clarity is needed to elucidate the mechanisms linking loneliness with maladaptive self- and interpersonal functioning and to inform clinical practice. We examined the association between loneliness and PF in a longitudinal cohort of 87 inpatients undergoing psychotherapy programs. Loneliness was measured with the UCLA Loneliness Scale. PF was evaluated with the Semi-Structured Interview for Personality Functioning and the Level of Personality Functioning Scale. Baseline loneliness scores were positively associated with self-direction and intimacy, and changes in loneliness were correlated with changes in identity and intimacy. During treatment, significant changes were observed for loneliness and PF, particularly self-functioning, based on self- and clinician ratings. These findings indicate that loneliness is associated with dimensions of self- and interpersonal functioning cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Larger longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate how components of loneliness and PF are interconnected and to identify underlying mechanisms that may inform interventions aimed at reducing loneliness in individuals with PDs.

Although musical experience has been linked to enhanced speech-in-noise (SIN) perception, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. While previous studies have identified contributions from both auditory and cognitive skills, few have evaluated these contributions within an integrated framework. Furthermore, most studies have relied on binary comparisons between musicians and nonmusicians. Here, we assessed 62 young adults with normal hearing using a continuous measure of musical engagement (Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index) alongside tests of beat perception (Beat Alignment Test), pitch discrimination (frequency difference limen), auditory working memory (WAIS digit span), and subcortical pitch encoding (frequency-following response, FFR). SIN perception was measured with a spatialized two-talker masker task. Greater musical sophistication was associated with better SIN performance, stronger working memory, finer beat perception, and sharper pitch discrimination. Regression analyses identified working memory and beat perception as the strongest predictors, and mediation analyses indicated that these skills contributed to the association between musical sophistication and SIN performance, with working memory accounting for the most variance. In contrast, pitch discrimination and FFR precision were not significant predictors. Our findings clarify the cognitive and temporal foundations of the musician advantage and highlight the value of considering musical engagement as a continuous variable rather than categorical.

Social media influence campaigns are thought to sway public opinion, particularly during election campaigns and national crises. These campaigns are often based on generative artificial intelligence technologies that flood the internet with polarizing content. How these social media influence operations change public opinion and ignite extremist attitudes is not well understood. We evaluate whether short, large language model (LLM)-generated arguments using universal moral framings impact extremist attitudes. In two studies with Democrats and Republicans in the United States (N = 951), we find that universal moral concerns related to welfare, rights, and fairness predict perceptions of political stances as absolutist moral obligations, known as sacred values, and explain extremist attitudes in defense of these values. We also find that short LLM-generated arguments that appeal to individual rights and fairness increase people's willingness to fight and die and justify violence to defend political stances. This effect is partially mediated by increased perceptions of the stance as having an absolute value. Our findings shed light on the potential of social media influence campaigns in polarizing society through LLM-generated messaging.

Research on deception has focused on the neurophysiological assessment of the deceiver, showing activation of specific brain areas and increased autonomic activity. However, deception is an interpersonal process where both the deceiver and the deceived interact in a constant process of evaluation that requires demanding cognitive resources. The present study aimed to investigate interbrain synchronization (IBS) and heart rate synchrony between an interviewer intent on detecting deception and an interviewee during a deception (deception group, or DG) or truth-telling (non-deception group, or NDG) task using an ecological mock crime experiment. The results showed that DG exhibited higher IBS before the interview in the theta band and during the interview in the alpha band, while displaying decreased heart rate synchrony in the high frequency band compared to NDG. The greater IBS in DG involved, particularly, the left temporal area of the interviewee. These findings highlight the relevance of studying deception according to a two-person neuroscience perspective, suggesting that while neural processes are synchronized before and during a deceptive interaction, autonomic processes follow different activation patterns. Integrating the hyperscanning techniques with existing lie-detection methods could enhance the identification of neurophysiological markers of deception.