Jibin Chen, Guanglei Liu, Jian Liu, Bin Liu, Jianzhou Tang, Jingwen Kang
Extreme weather can cause urban groundwater levels (GWLs) to rise sharply, making anti-uplift performance critical for underground structures. We present a drainage-pressure relief anti-uplift technique (DPRAT) that integrates the Dupuit circular island model, the Thiem equation, and GWL distribution assumptions into an intelligent control system. The system activates automatically when the measured water head exceeds a design threshold, draining groundwater to relieve hydrostatic pressure on buried structures. Tests and simulations in Chengdu's expansive soil areas confirm that anti-uplift failure results primarily from buoyant forces and soil expansion. To ensure adequate safety margins, the target drainage level is calibrated to maintain system inactivity approximately 80% of the time under normal conditions. Four years of field monitoring demonstrate that DPRAT effectively maintains GWLs below the design datum during extreme rainfall events. A 50-year life cycle assessment reveals that DPRAT reduces cradle-to-grave carbon emissions by up to 97.5% compared with conventional uplift anchors, representing a substantial shift from high-energy construction methods to low-carbon alternatives.
{"title":"Drainage-Pressure Relief for Anti-Uplift Performance in Expansive Clay: A Low-Carbon Alternative to Conventional Anchors","authors":"Jibin Chen, Guanglei Liu, Jian Liu, Bin Liu, Jianzhou Tang, Jingwen Kang","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70206","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nyas.70206","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Extreme weather can cause urban groundwater levels (GWLs) to rise sharply, making anti-uplift performance critical for underground structures. We present a drainage-pressure relief anti-uplift technique (DPRAT) that integrates the Dupuit circular island model, the Thiem equation, and GWL distribution assumptions into an intelligent control system. The system activates automatically when the measured water head exceeds a design threshold, draining groundwater to relieve hydrostatic pressure on buried structures. Tests and simulations in Chengdu's expansive soil areas confirm that anti-uplift failure results primarily from buoyant forces and soil expansion. To ensure adequate safety margins, the target drainage level is calibrated to maintain system inactivity approximately 80% of the time under normal conditions. Four years of field monitoring demonstrate that DPRAT effectively maintains GWLs below the design datum during extreme rainfall events. A 50-year life cycle assessment reveals that DPRAT reduces cradle-to-grave carbon emissions by up to 97.5% compared with conventional uplift anchors, representing a substantial shift from high-energy construction methods to low-carbon alternatives.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"1556 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grace Steffen, Katherine Lindig, Cullin J. Howard, Christian Jerry, Christopher Bell, Kayley E. Morrow, Daisy Gallegos, Assaf Oshri, Cynthia Suveg, Christopher Kello, Drew H. Abney
Self-regulation is a neuroregulatory process driven by function in both the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Although many investigations have explored the role of these systems in self-regulation independently, little work has examined how they cooperate across contexts, limiting the understanding of neurophysiological substrates of self-regulation. In a sample of 55 children (Mage = 5.85, SD = 0.80), the present study examined the coordination of cardiac and neural signals during rest and a mildly stressful task. Paired-samples t-tests confirmed that the stressor elicited increases in heart rate (HR) and decreases in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), while correlations indicated stability in individual differences across phases. Wavelet transform coherence assessed coupling of dlPFC signals with HR and RSA. HR– and RSA–dlPFC coupling was observed in both contexts, but timescales of significant coupling varied across contexts, cardiac signals, and dlPFC hemispheres. No associations were found between the coupling of any signal at any timescale and child positive or negative affect or emotion regulation dysfunction. Findings suggest that cardiac–neural coupling is sensitive to timescale, context, and choice of cardiac signal. Future studies should consider other measures of behavioral regulation to better understand its potential relation with ANS–dlPFC coupling.
{"title":"Coupling of Rhythms in Prefrontal Cortex and Autonomic Nervous System in School-Age Children","authors":"Grace Steffen, Katherine Lindig, Cullin J. Howard, Christian Jerry, Christopher Bell, Kayley E. Morrow, Daisy Gallegos, Assaf Oshri, Cynthia Suveg, Christopher Kello, Drew H. Abney","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70203","url":null,"abstract":"Self-regulation is a neuroregulatory process driven by function in both the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Although many investigations have explored the role of these systems in self-regulation independently, little work has examined how they cooperate across contexts, limiting the understanding of neurophysiological substrates of self-regulation. In a sample of 55 children (<i>M<sub>age</sub></i> = 5.85, <i>SD</i> = 0.80), the present study examined the coordination of cardiac and neural signals during rest and a mildly stressful task. Paired-samples <i>t-</i>tests confirmed that the stressor elicited increases in heart rate (HR) and decreases in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), while correlations indicated stability in individual differences across phases. Wavelet transform coherence assessed coupling of dlPFC signals with HR and RSA. HR– and RSA–dlPFC coupling was observed in both contexts, but timescales of significant coupling varied across contexts, cardiac signals, and dlPFC hemispheres. No associations were found between the coupling of any signal at any timescale and child positive or negative affect or emotion regulation dysfunction. Findings suggest that cardiac–neural coupling is sensitive to timescale, context, and choice of cardiac signal. Future studies should consider other measures of behavioral regulation to better understand its potential relation with ANS–dlPFC coupling.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"288 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quincy C. Miller, Melanie B. Fessinger, J. Zoe Klemfuss
Child sexual abuse cases present unique challenges for conviction and exoneration due to the typical reliance on the child's testimony as the primary source of evidence. Yet, little empirical research has examined wrongful convictions and exonerations in such cases. In this study, we analyzed the largest sample of child sexual abuse exonerations to date (N = 326), drawing on cases documented by the National Registry of Exonerations between 1989 and 2024. Descriptive results revealed several patterns unique to child sexual abuse exonerations. Unlike other types of crimes, perjury or false accusation was the most frequent contributor to wrongful convictions, while mistaken eyewitness identifications and false confessions were rare. Physical and forensic evidence were presented at many of the original trials, yet in most cases this evidence was later determined to be false or misleading. Post-conviction witness recantation was the most common factor contributing to exoneration, whereas few exonerations were based on DNA evidence or actual perpetrator identification. Case narratives highlight the influential role of family members and authorities in prompting children's false allegations. These findings provide novel insights to inform investigative, prosecutorial, and adjudicative approaches in child sexual abuse cases and reduce risk for future miscarriages of justice.
{"title":"An Archival Analysis of 326 Child Sexual Abuse Cases From the National Registry of Exonerations","authors":"Quincy C. Miller, Melanie B. Fessinger, J. Zoe Klemfuss","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70199","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nyas.70199","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Child sexual abuse cases present unique challenges for conviction and exoneration due to the typical reliance on the child's testimony as the primary source of evidence. Yet, little empirical research has examined wrongful convictions and exonerations in such cases. In this study, we analyzed the largest sample of child sexual abuse exonerations to date (<i>N</i> = 326), drawing on cases documented by the National Registry of Exonerations between 1989 and 2024. Descriptive results revealed several patterns unique to child sexual abuse exonerations. Unlike other types of crimes, perjury or false accusation was the most frequent contributor to wrongful convictions, while mistaken eyewitness identifications and false confessions were rare. Physical and forensic evidence were presented at many of the original trials, yet in most cases this evidence was later determined to be false or misleading. Post-conviction witness recantation was the most common factor contributing to exoneration, whereas few exonerations were based on DNA evidence or actual perpetrator identification. Case narratives highlight the influential role of family members and authorities in prompting children's false allegations. These findings provide novel insights to inform investigative, prosecutorial, and adjudicative approaches in child sexual abuse cases and reduce risk for future miscarriages of justice.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"1555 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146040196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sydney Baker, Stephany Betances, Kaillee Philleo, Emily Haney-Caron
Once a youth waives their Miranda rights and agrees to talk to police, they increase their risk of a myriad of negative short- and long-term outcomes. Given that a vast majority (over 90%) of interrogated youth waive their rights, it is important to examine their perspectives on waiver decision making. Participants (n = 82) between 13 and 17 years old listened to a vignette in which they imagined they were in police custody and explained how they would respond and why, both when imagining they were guilty and innocent. Responses were coded using framework analysis, revealing that although most guilty and innocent participants believed they would assert their rights, more would waive when innocent than when guilty. Most participants, guilty and innocent, voiced a desire for guidance from an authority figure. Some also expressed beliefs around potential benefits of talking to police officers, and a few identified police officers as potentially harmful. Patterns emerged regarding differences in responses based on race and gender identity, in which minoritized groups expressed more distrust in the legal system. Results underscore the importance of ensuring that youth are provided with legal support during interrogation, which can guide policy reform.
{"title":"“I Have No Business Talking to the Police”: A Qualitative Exploration of Youth Miranda Waiver Decisions","authors":"Sydney Baker, Stephany Betances, Kaillee Philleo, Emily Haney-Caron","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70202","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nyas.70202","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Once a youth waives their <i>Miranda</i> rights and agrees to talk to police, they increase their risk of a myriad of negative short- and long-term outcomes. Given that a vast majority (over 90%) of interrogated youth waive their rights, it is important to examine their perspectives on waiver decision making. Participants (<i>n =</i> 82) between 13 and 17 years old listened to a vignette in which they imagined they were in police custody and explained how they would respond and why, both when imagining they were guilty and innocent. Responses were coded using framework analysis, revealing that although most guilty and innocent participants believed they would assert their rights, more would waive when innocent than when guilty. Most participants, guilty and innocent, voiced a desire for guidance from an authority figure. Some also expressed beliefs around potential benefits of talking to police officers, and a few identified police officers as potentially harmful. Patterns emerged regarding differences in responses based on race and gender identity, in which minoritized groups expressed more distrust in the legal system. Results underscore the importance of ensuring that youth are provided with legal support during interrogation, which can guide policy reform.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"1555 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146040203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher J. Pierce, Daniel Soto, Eva Erickson, Kelimar Diaz, Massimiliano Iaschi, Anna Lay, Daniel I. Goldman
Centipedes locomote through complex obstacle-rich environments by propagating waves of body bending and limb stepping. However, little is known about how collisions with obstacles influence locomotion. In terrestrial environments such as branches or leaf litter, obstacles can both cause drag and offer affordances for the animals to generate thrust. In laboratory experiments, we challenged Scolopendra polymorpha (∼9 cm long, ∼1 cm wide) to negotiate model heterogeneous terrains, hexagonal and square lattices composed of thin posts. The centipedes maintained rapid motion (∼0.2 body lengths per cycle, comparable to flat ground speed) across lattices of different spacings by altering their body and limb postures in response to collisions. Several behaviors minimized deleterious limb and head collisions: the first was “prolonged limb adduction,” in which consecutive limbs fold to the body after a leading limb collides with a post, while other limbs maintained a stepping pattern. The second, occurring in narrower lattices, was “body twisting,” in which the animal propagated local body twists to locomote on its side using the posts as footholds. In some cases, the animals used a peristaltic-like gait, previously undocumented for this species. We propose that the principles discovered here can improve morphologies and control schemes for elongate robots tasked with navigating similar terradynamic scenarios.
{"title":"Legged Locomotion in Lattices: Centipede Traversal of Obstacle-Rich Environments","authors":"Christopher J. Pierce, Daniel Soto, Eva Erickson, Kelimar Diaz, Massimiliano Iaschi, Anna Lay, Daniel I. Goldman","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70187","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nyas.70187","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Centipedes locomote through complex obstacle-rich environments by propagating waves of body bending and limb stepping. However, little is known about how collisions with obstacles influence locomotion. In terrestrial environments such as branches or leaf litter, obstacles can both cause drag and offer affordances for the animals to generate thrust. In laboratory experiments, we challenged <i>Scolopendra polymorpha</i> (∼9 cm long, ∼1 cm wide) to negotiate model heterogeneous terrains, hexagonal and square lattices composed of thin posts. The centipedes maintained rapid motion (∼0.2 body lengths per cycle, comparable to flat ground speed) across lattices of different spacings by altering their body and limb postures in response to collisions. Several behaviors minimized deleterious limb and head collisions: the first was “prolonged limb adduction,” in which consecutive limbs fold to the body after a leading limb collides with a post, while other limbs maintained a stepping pattern. The second, occurring in narrower lattices, was “body twisting,” in which the animal propagated local body twists to locomote on its side using the posts as footholds. In some cases, the animals used a peristaltic-like gait, previously undocumented for this species. We propose that the principles discovered here can improve morphologies and control schemes for elongate robots tasked with navigating similar terradynamic scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"1555 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12831010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146040231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Narrative is a fundamental component of human cognition necessary for social meaning and cultural learning, yet its origins in preverbal infancy are not well understood. This study provides the first longitudinal analysis of the development of preverbal narrative in infancy. We measured its temporal structure in the interactions of 18 mother−infant dyads selected from a cohort of 60 dyads at 4, 7, and 10 months. Timings of infant gaze, affect, engagement duration, and progress through the four-part narrative cycle were coded and analyzed. Interestingly, the narrative complexity of mother−infant interactions significantly increased with age; infants at 7 and 10 months reached the climax and resolution phases significantly more often than at 4 months, while also significantly decreasing in duration. Progressing through this narrative arc was strongly associated with increased positive affect, with completed narratives generating longer durations of positive affect for both infant and mother. These results identify a coherent narrative structure present in preverbal interactions that develops in complexity across the first year, strongly associated with positive feelings. This provides an affective, embodied, and participatory foundation for narrative cognition as a primary organizer of shared experience, learning, and socioemotional regulation evident from birth.
{"title":"Narrative Development in Infant−Mother Interaction","authors":"Timothy McGowan, Mette Væver, Marianne Thode Krogh, Susanne Harder, Jonathan Delafield-Butt","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70192","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nyas.70192","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Narrative is a fundamental component of human cognition necessary for social meaning and cultural learning, yet its origins in preverbal infancy are not well understood. This study provides the first longitudinal analysis of the development of preverbal narrative in infancy. We measured its temporal structure in the interactions of 18 mother−infant dyads selected from a cohort of 60 dyads at 4, 7, and 10 months. Timings of infant gaze, affect, engagement duration, and progress through the four-part narrative cycle were coded and analyzed. Interestingly, the narrative complexity of mother−infant interactions significantly increased with age; infants at 7 and 10 months reached the climax and resolution phases significantly more often than at 4 months, while also significantly decreasing in duration. Progressing through this narrative arc was strongly associated with increased positive affect, with completed narratives generating longer durations of positive affect for both infant and mother. These results identify a coherent narrative structure present in preverbal interactions that develops in complexity across the first year, strongly associated with positive feelings. This provides an affective, embodied, and participatory foundation for narrative cognition as a primary organizer of shared experience, learning, and socioemotional regulation evident from birth.</p>","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"1555 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nyas.70192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kevin Jamey,Sébastien Finlay,Nicholas E V Foster,Simone Dalla Bella,Simone Falk
Stuttering is a developmental speech fluency disorder linked to timing deficits in speech motor control. Given the shared neural mechanisms between rhythmic timing and speech production, rhythm-based interventions may hold promise for stuttering. This proof-of-concept study evaluated the feasibility and potential benefits of a gamified rhythmic training program, Rhythm Workers (RW), in preadolescents who stutter. Twenty-one children (aged 9-12) were randomly assigned to RW or an active control game, which they played at home for 3 weeks. We assessed feasibility and potential training effects on rhythmic, cognitive, and speech-related abilities. Both games were well accepted, and compliance was moderate to high. Only participants trained on the rhythm game showed moderate enhancements in rhythmic synchronization, interference control, oromotor performance, and reduction of stuttering after training. The improvements (except for interference control) correlated with the training dose. Moreover, speech fluency gains were associated with improved rhythmic performance. While some effects did not reach statistical significance due to the limited sample size, the observed dose-response patterns and domain-specific improvements support the feasibility and promise of rhythmic gaming for young people who stutter. This study provides preliminary evidence that rhythm-based training can enhance speech and cognitive outcomes in preadolescents who stutter.
{"title":"A Proof-of-Concept Study of Gamified Rhythmic Training in Preadolescents Who Stutter.","authors":"Kevin Jamey,Sébastien Finlay,Nicholas E V Foster,Simone Dalla Bella,Simone Falk","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70188","url":null,"abstract":"Stuttering is a developmental speech fluency disorder linked to timing deficits in speech motor control. Given the shared neural mechanisms between rhythmic timing and speech production, rhythm-based interventions may hold promise for stuttering. This proof-of-concept study evaluated the feasibility and potential benefits of a gamified rhythmic training program, Rhythm Workers (RW), in preadolescents who stutter. Twenty-one children (aged 9-12) were randomly assigned to RW or an active control game, which they played at home for 3 weeks. We assessed feasibility and potential training effects on rhythmic, cognitive, and speech-related abilities. Both games were well accepted, and compliance was moderate to high. Only participants trained on the rhythm game showed moderate enhancements in rhythmic synchronization, interference control, oromotor performance, and reduction of stuttering after training. The improvements (except for interference control) correlated with the training dose. Moreover, speech fluency gains were associated with improved rhythmic performance. While some effects did not reach statistical significance due to the limited sample size, the observed dose-response patterns and domain-specific improvements support the feasibility and promise of rhythmic gaming for young people who stutter. This study provides preliminary evidence that rhythm-based training can enhance speech and cognitive outcomes in preadolescents who stutter.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145955999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In animal behavior, entrainment is the specialized sensorimotor process by which individuals precisely coordinate endogenous ultradian (period <10 s) rhythms with those of their conspecific neighbors. The rhythms are typically communication signals, either acoustic, substrate vibration, or optical, that are distinguished by their continuous isochrony (consistent repetition rate), and the expressed coordination is synchronous or antisynchronous (alternating) alignment. Entrainment is known in orthopterans, cicadas, fireflies, crabs, frogs, birds, and humans, where it is a core element of musicality and related group activities. Animals, including humans, achieve entrainment by adjusting rhythm phase, which is adequate if several individuals have comparable tempos (repetition rates), or by adjusting both phase and tempo, if their tempos differ. In the latter case, temporal alignment can be very precise. Entrainment has not yet been reported for natural populations of nonhuman mammals, notably primates—suggesting that human entrainment evolved de novo in the hominid lineage within the past 5 million years. Experimental studies on the function and adaptation of entrainment in arthropods and anurans can offer clues to its origin in humans.
{"title":"Rhythmic Entrainment and Sexual Selection in Animal Communication","authors":"Michael D. Greenfield","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70189","url":null,"abstract":"In animal behavior, entrainment is the specialized sensorimotor process by which individuals precisely coordinate endogenous ultradian (period <10 s) rhythms with those of their conspecific neighbors. The rhythms are typically communication signals, either acoustic, substrate vibration, or optical, that are distinguished by their continuous isochrony (consistent repetition rate), and the expressed coordination is synchronous or antisynchronous (alternating) alignment. Entrainment is known in orthopterans, cicadas, fireflies, crabs, frogs, birds, and humans, where it is a core element of musicality and related group activities. Animals, including humans, achieve entrainment by adjusting rhythm phase, which is adequate if several individuals have comparable tempos (repetition rates), or by adjusting both phase and tempo, if their tempos differ. In the latter case, temporal alignment can be very precise. Entrainment has not yet been reported for natural populations of nonhuman mammals, notably primates—suggesting that human entrainment evolved de novo in the hominid lineage within the past 5 million years. Experimental studies on the function and adaptation of entrainment in arthropods and anurans can offer clues to its origin in humans.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Connor Spiech, Mario Gómez Martínez, Giorgio Lazzari, Virginia Penhune
The pleasurable urge to move to music ("groove") has been shown to be greatest for moderately complex musical rhythms. This is thought to occur because temporal predictions from the motor system reinforce our perception of the beat when there is a balance between expectation and surprise. The supplementary motor area (SMA) has been identified as the potential origin of these temporal predictions. Thus, to causally test the role of the SMA in the experience of groove, we used continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) to disrupt activity in this region or an active control site (V1). Nonmusicians listened to and rated musical clips that varied in rhythmic complexity and groove before and after stimulation. Following inhibitory stimulation over the left SMA, participants preferred moving to music with higher rhythmic complexity while after V1 stimulation, they preferred moving to music with lower rhythmic complexity. Pleasure ratings, however, were unaffected. These results suggest that the SMA weighs the precision of beat-based predictions generated by the dorsal auditory stream. Therefore, stimulating the SMA may have disinhibited the dorsal striatum or other nodes generating the beat-based predictions. In summary, these findings provide causal evidence that the SMA and V1 play critical roles in embodied rhythm processing.
{"title":"Continuous Theta Burst to Supplementary Motor Area Modulates Groove.","authors":"Connor Spiech, Mario Gómez Martínez, Giorgio Lazzari, Virginia Penhune","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pleasurable urge to move to music (\"groove\") has been shown to be greatest for moderately complex musical rhythms. This is thought to occur because temporal predictions from the motor system reinforce our perception of the beat when there is a balance between expectation and surprise. The supplementary motor area (SMA) has been identified as the potential origin of these temporal predictions. Thus, to causally test the role of the SMA in the experience of groove, we used continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) to disrupt activity in this region or an active control site (V1). Nonmusicians listened to and rated musical clips that varied in rhythmic complexity and groove before and after stimulation. Following inhibitory stimulation over the left SMA, participants preferred moving to music with higher rhythmic complexity while after V1 stimulation, they preferred moving to music with lower rhythmic complexity. Pleasure ratings, however, were unaffected. These results suggest that the SMA weighs the precision of beat-based predictions generated by the dorsal auditory stream. Therefore, stimulating the SMA may have disinhibited the dorsal striatum or other nodes generating the beat-based predictions. In summary, these findings provide causal evidence that the SMA and V1 play critical roles in embodied rhythm processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145931896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Choice consistency is a fundamental aspect of rational decision‐making, reflecting the stability and reliability of preferences. However, real‐world decisions frequently exhibit variability and inconsistency, deviating from normative ideals. To elucidate these deviations, this study combined computational modeling, neuroimaging, and behavioral assessments to examine how state anxiety and memory dynamically modulate choice consistency. Remembered food items prompted more consistent and faster choices than forgotten ones, with computational modeling attributing this effect to lower decision thresholds. In contrast, state anxiety—induced via threat‐of‐shock—impaired both choice consistency and memory retrieval. Intriguingly, anxiety‐driven reductions in memory accuracy positively correlated with shorter decision latencies. Neurally, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation during prechoice anticipation predicted choice consistency. Similarly, orbitofrontal cortex engagement during memory retrieval of food stimuli correlated with enhanced memory accuracy. Anxiety dynamically reallocated neural resources, suppressing sensorimotor and memory‐related regions while amplifying emotional salience networks. These results suggest that anxiety impairs choice consistency by disrupting memory retrieval processes, which are critical for stabilizing value‐based preferences.
{"title":"The Impact of Memory and Anxiety on Choice Consistency","authors":"Fei Xin, Jialuo Lai, Manru Guo, Qingfei Chen, Jianhui Wu, Lei Qiao","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70190","url":null,"abstract":"Choice consistency is a fundamental aspect of rational decision‐making, reflecting the stability and reliability of preferences. However, real‐world decisions frequently exhibit variability and inconsistency, deviating from normative ideals. To elucidate these deviations, this study combined computational modeling, neuroimaging, and behavioral assessments to examine how state anxiety and memory dynamically modulate choice consistency. Remembered food items prompted more consistent and faster choices than forgotten ones, with computational modeling attributing this effect to lower decision thresholds. In contrast, state anxiety—induced via threat‐of‐shock—impaired both choice consistency and memory retrieval. Intriguingly, anxiety‐driven reductions in memory accuracy positively correlated with shorter decision latencies. Neurally, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation during prechoice anticipation predicted choice consistency. Similarly, orbitofrontal cortex engagement during memory retrieval of food stimuli correlated with enhanced memory accuracy. Anxiety dynamically reallocated neural resources, suppressing sensorimotor and memory‐related regions while amplifying emotional salience networks. These results suggest that anxiety impairs choice consistency by disrupting memory retrieval processes, which are critical for stabilizing value‐based preferences.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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