It may seem intuitive to clinicians like myself, but prior authorization (PA), in its current state, significantly affects clinical decision making. If used as originally intended, PA can have a positive effect, including maximizing therapeutic value, ensuring safe prescribing, and containing costs [1]. PA can, for instance, steer a provider to a less expensive but equally effective medication or alert them to a significant contraindication. Both scenarios benefit the patient by improving their likelihood of treatment adherence and improved health. However, prior authorization requirements can also have a detrimental effect on clinical decisions and patient health [2].
{"title":"The Effect of Prior Authorization on Clinical Decisions","authors":"Stephen Salzbrenner","doi":"10.26502/aimr.0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/aimr.0093","url":null,"abstract":"It may seem intuitive to clinicians like myself, but prior authorization (PA), in its current state, significantly affects clinical decision making. If used as originally intended, PA can have a positive effect, including maximizing therapeutic value, ensuring safe prescribing, and containing costs [1]. PA can, for instance, steer a provider to a less expensive but equally effective medication or alert them to a significant contraindication. Both scenarios benefit the patient by improving their likelihood of treatment adherence and improved health. However, prior authorization requirements can also have a detrimental effect on clinical decisions and patient health [2].","PeriodicalId":8282,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Internal Medicine Research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79906944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abiodun O. Aboaba, Toluwani Balogun, Ayesha Khan, D. ., Raana Zafar, S. Ali, Shazia Zeba, Madiha D Haseeb, Moyosore Olatunde Olajuwon, Cindy Onumajuru, A. Govindan, Juan Carlos Batlle, Yishwerer Karadapanddy, Stephen Dada, Mohammed Mubasheer Ali
{"title":"Antibiotics as a Means of Secondary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review","authors":"Abiodun O. Aboaba, Toluwani Balogun, Ayesha Khan, D. ., Raana Zafar, S. Ali, Shazia Zeba, Madiha D Haseeb, Moyosore Olatunde Olajuwon, Cindy Onumajuru, A. Govindan, Juan Carlos Batlle, Yishwerer Karadapanddy, Stephen Dada, Mohammed Mubasheer Ali","doi":"10.26502/aimr.0091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/aimr.0091","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8282,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Internal Medicine Research","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80424844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 57-year-old female presented to the emergency room with chief complaints of sudden severe right hip pain and an inability to walk. On examination, she was found to have a mass on her right femur and an ulcerated mass on her right breast, and she admitted to having the growing breast mass ftor 7 months prior. Imaging of the right femur revealed a 9 cm lytic lesion. Resection and biopsy resulted in a diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma of breast origin. She has no economic, social, or geographic barriers to medical care. She cited fear and anxiety of receiving a diagnosis of breast cancer as reason for delay in seeking care. She attributed this to her past negative experiences with her mother’s breast cancer journey, which led ultimately to death. This is an example of how past disease-related traumatic experiences can cause psychological barriers to seeking medical care.
{"title":"Fear of Diagnosis: A Case of Tumor Neglect in Breast Cancer","authors":"Clarke Tr, Roa C","doi":"10.26502/aimr.0127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/aimr.0127","url":null,"abstract":"A 57-year-old female presented to the emergency room with chief complaints of sudden severe right hip pain and an inability to walk. On examination, she was found to have a mass on her right femur and an ulcerated mass on her right breast, and she admitted to having the growing breast mass ftor 7 months prior. Imaging of the right femur revealed a 9 cm lytic lesion. Resection and biopsy resulted in a diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma of breast origin. She has no economic, social, or geographic barriers to medical care. She cited fear and anxiety of receiving a diagnosis of breast cancer as reason for delay in seeking care. She attributed this to her past negative experiences with her mother’s breast cancer journey, which led ultimately to death. This is an example of how past disease-related traumatic experiences can cause psychological barriers to seeking medical care.","PeriodicalId":8282,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Internal Medicine Research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90357384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of Universal Transport Media and Viral Transport Media Liquid Samples on a SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Test","authors":"Jeff A. Mayfield, Jorge Ortiz, David J. Ledden","doi":"10.26502/aimr.0137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/aimr.0137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8282,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Internal Medicine Research","volume":"2007 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82463927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eraky Am, Osula F, Aboaba Ao, R. M, Khalid Kn, E. O, M. A., A. M, Fatima M, Ofudu F, Khan Hra, Ravindran Sg, Oreniyi O, Ramzi Sht, Akinfenwa Sa
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Kharkiv National Medical University (KNMU), Ukraine Avalon University School of Medicine, Curacao Dow University of Health and Sciences (DMC), Pakistan Shifa College of Medicine, Pakistan Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine Alfaisal University, Saudi Arabia Islam Medical College (IMC), Pakistan Deccan College of Medical Sciences, India University of Benin, Nigeria Kanyakumari Government Medical College, India Saint James School of Medicine, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Multan Medical and Dental College (MMDC), Pakistan Caribbean Medical University, School of Medicine (CMUSOM), Curacao
{"title":"Role of D-Dimer in Stroke: A Systematic Review","authors":"Eraky Am, Osula F, Aboaba Ao, R. M, Khalid Kn, E. O, M. A., A. M, Fatima M, Ofudu F, Khan Hra, Ravindran Sg, Oreniyi O, Ramzi Sht, Akinfenwa Sa","doi":"10.26502/aimr.0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/aimr.0082","url":null,"abstract":"University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Kharkiv National Medical University (KNMU), Ukraine Avalon University School of Medicine, Curacao Dow University of Health and Sciences (DMC), Pakistan Shifa College of Medicine, Pakistan Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine Alfaisal University, Saudi Arabia Islam Medical College (IMC), Pakistan Deccan College of Medical Sciences, India University of Benin, Nigeria Kanyakumari Government Medical College, India Saint James School of Medicine, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Multan Medical and Dental College (MMDC), Pakistan Caribbean Medical University, School of Medicine (CMUSOM), Curacao","PeriodicalId":8282,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Internal Medicine Research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88795002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the perspectives of Hospitalists and Oncologists on Hospitalist-led inpatient oncology care. Methodology: We developed two related surveys, one for Oncologists and one for Hospitalists. These surveys focused on perspectives, communication, and coordination of care. All Hospitalists and Oncologists in our academic health system were invited to participate in this study. Results: A joint total of fifty-two hospitalists and oncologists completed the survey. Oncologists and hospitalists generally agreed that solid tumor patients should be admitted to an oncologist-led service and that the oncologist should lead the discussion of cancer-related concerns, although there appeared to be a misalignment with what happens in practice. Hospitalists indicated that most of the solid tumor patients admitted to their service were “end-of-life" and should have been in palliative/hospice care, while most oncol-Arch ogists reported that they only “occasionally” transitioned these patients to hospice in the in-patient setting. Overall, only 37% of hospitalists rated their overall experience of taking care of solid tumor patients as positive. Ratings indicated they wanted more input from the oncologists. Discussion: The hospitalist-led model for managing solid tumor inpatients has been adapted in many cancer institutions across the United States. This study revealed that there is room for improved coordination of care and communication between hospitalists and oncologists, especially with end-of-life care. It would be very insightful to have both oncologist and hospit-alist-led services and compare metrics for length of stay, mortality, readmission rates, transition to hospice care and physician and patient satisfaction.
{"title":"The Hospitalist-led Model of Oncology Inpatients in an Academic Health System: Perspectives of Hospitalists and Oncologists","authors":"Tanya Roxanne Clarke, Maria Hendrika van Zuilen","doi":"10.26502/aimr.0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/aimr.0105","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the perspectives of Hospitalists and Oncologists on Hospitalist-led inpatient oncology care. Methodology: We developed two related surveys, one for Oncologists and one for Hospitalists. These surveys focused on perspectives, communication, and coordination of care. All Hospitalists and Oncologists in our academic health system were invited to participate in this study. Results: A joint total of fifty-two hospitalists and oncologists completed the survey. Oncologists and hospitalists generally agreed that solid tumor patients should be admitted to an oncologist-led service and that the oncologist should lead the discussion of cancer-related concerns, although there appeared to be a misalignment with what happens in practice. Hospitalists indicated that most of the solid tumor patients admitted to their service were “end-of-life\" and should have been in palliative/hospice care, while most oncol-Arch ogists reported that they only “occasionally” transitioned these patients to hospice in the in-patient setting. Overall, only 37% of hospitalists rated their overall experience of taking care of solid tumor patients as positive. Ratings indicated they wanted more input from the oncologists. Discussion: The hospitalist-led model for managing solid tumor inpatients has been adapted in many cancer institutions across the United States. This study revealed that there is room for improved coordination of care and communication between hospitalists and oncologists, especially with end-of-life care. It would be very insightful to have both oncologist and hospit-alist-led services and compare metrics for length of stay, mortality, readmission rates, transition to hospice care and physician and patient satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":8282,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Internal Medicine Research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87307862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are becoming increasingly popular due to their ease of insertion through upper extremity veins, although they are not complications-free. PICCs can be irritating and cause endothelial injury and inflammation resulting in deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Estimates suggest that more than a third of all DVT in the upper extremities is caused by PICCs. This research highlights the incidence of upper extremity DVT in patients with PICCs and the relation with other comorbidities. Methods: A retrospective matched cohort was condconducted at a community hospital. The records of 438 patients were reviewed from 2017 to 2020. Subjects were at least 18 years old, underwent PICC insertion, and received outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT). The data included demographics and comorbidities, such as hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), coronary artery disease (CAD), congestive heart failure (CHF), active malignancy, previous DVT, and concomitant anticoagulation. The DVTs were confirmed by doppler ultrasound. Results: DVTs were diagnosed in 24 patients (5.7%). The average age was 64.9 years. Seventeen Arch Intern Med Res 2022; 5 (1): 071-076 DOI: 10.26502/aimr.0089 Archives of Internal Medicine Research 72 (70%) patients were males and 24 (100%) were white. The median time to diagnosis was 21 days from PICC insertion. Patients with DM were 72% less likely to be diagnosed with DVT compared to those without diabetes (OR = 0.28, P= 0.008). There was no relation between the diagnosis of DVT and the other comorbidities, including HTN (OR = 0.45, P = 0.059), CAD (OR = 0.62, P = 0.353), CHF (OR = 0.87, P = 0.79), Afib (OR = 0.91, P = 0.589), concomitant anticoagulation (OR = 0.98, P = 0.62), CKD (OR = 1.16, P = 0.725), malignancy (OR = 1.83, P = 0.242), and previous DVT (OR = 1.2, P = 0.763). Age was not associated with higher risk of DVT (OR=1.6, P = 0.304). Conclusion: The risk of DVT was 5.7 % in patients who had PICCs. There was less risk of DVT in patients with diabetes mellitus, while there was no risk association with the other comorbidities.
导读:外周插入中心导管(PICCs)由于其易于通过上肢静脉插入而越来越受欢迎，尽管它们并非没有并发症。PICCs可刺激并引起内皮损伤和炎症，导致深静脉血栓形成(DVT)。据估计，上肢DVT的三分之一以上是由picc引起的。本研究强调了PICCs患者上肢DVT的发生率及其与其他合并症的关系。方法:在某社区医院进行回顾性匹配队列研究。回顾了2017 - 2020年438例患者的记录。受试者年龄≥18岁，接受PICC插入，并接受门诊静脉外抗生素治疗(OPAT)。数据包括人口统计学和合并症，如高血压(HTN)、糖尿病(DM)、慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)、冠状动脉疾病(CAD)、充血性心力衰竭(CHF)、活动性恶性肿瘤、既往DVT和伴随抗凝。多普勒超声证实深静脉血栓。结果:确诊深静脉血栓24例(5.7%)。平均年龄为64.9岁。17 Arch Intern Med Res 2022;5 (1): 071-076 DOI: 10.26502/aimr.0089男性72例(70%)，白人24例(100%)。从PICC插入到诊断的中位时间为21天。与没有糖尿病的患者相比，糖尿病患者被诊断为DVT的可能性低72% (OR = 0.28, P= 0.008)。其他合并症包括HTN (OR = 0.45, P = 0.059)、CAD (OR = 0.62, P = 0.353)、CHF (OR = 0.87, P = 0.79)、Afib (OR = 0.91, P = 0.589)、合并抗凝(OR = 0.98, P = 0.62)、CKD (OR = 1.16, P = 0.725)、恶性肿瘤(OR = 1.83, P = 0.242)、既往DVT (OR = 1.2, P = 0.763)与DVT的诊断无相关性。年龄与DVT风险升高无关(OR=1.6, P = 0.304)。结论:PICCs患者发生DVT的风险为5.7%。糖尿病患者发生深静脉血栓的风险较低，而与其他合并症没有风险关联。
{"title":"Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters and Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis: Incidence and Risk Factors","authors":"Batayneh O, Mahfouz R, Rabinovich D, Zainah H","doi":"10.26502/aimr.0089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/aimr.0089","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are becoming increasingly popular due to their ease of insertion through upper extremity veins, although they are not complications-free. PICCs can be irritating and cause endothelial injury and inflammation resulting in deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Estimates suggest that more than a third of all DVT in the upper extremities is caused by PICCs. This research highlights the incidence of upper extremity DVT in patients with PICCs and the relation with other comorbidities. Methods: A retrospective matched cohort was condconducted at a community hospital. The records of 438 patients were reviewed from 2017 to 2020. Subjects were at least 18 years old, underwent PICC insertion, and received outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT). The data included demographics and comorbidities, such as hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), coronary artery disease (CAD), congestive heart failure (CHF), active malignancy, previous DVT, and concomitant anticoagulation. The DVTs were confirmed by doppler ultrasound. Results: DVTs were diagnosed in 24 patients (5.7%). The average age was 64.9 years. Seventeen Arch Intern Med Res 2022; 5 (1): 071-076 DOI: 10.26502/aimr.0089 Archives of Internal Medicine Research 72 (70%) patients were males and 24 (100%) were white. The median time to diagnosis was 21 days from PICC insertion. Patients with DM were 72% less likely to be diagnosed with DVT compared to those without diabetes (OR = 0.28, P= 0.008). There was no relation between the diagnosis of DVT and the other comorbidities, including HTN (OR = 0.45, P = 0.059), CAD (OR = 0.62, P = 0.353), CHF (OR = 0.87, P = 0.79), Afib (OR = 0.91, P = 0.589), concomitant anticoagulation (OR = 0.98, P = 0.62), CKD (OR = 1.16, P = 0.725), malignancy (OR = 1.83, P = 0.242), and previous DVT (OR = 1.2, P = 0.763). Age was not associated with higher risk of DVT (OR=1.6, P = 0.304). Conclusion: The risk of DVT was 5.7 % in patients who had PICCs. There was less risk of DVT in patients with diabetes mellitus, while there was no risk association with the other comorbidities.","PeriodicalId":8282,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Internal Medicine Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75196381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
hypoglycaemia”. Most patients DM a serious situation hyperglycaemia might negatively influence the pregnancy since the duration of implantation and fertilisation. Various complications may affect the child like “macrosomia, Abstract Type 2 diabetes during the course of pregnancy is linked with an unfavourable outcome of maternal foetal. Human insulin is considered as the first choice of drug due to the province of safety use . H owever they are many questions regarding the use of insulin analogues during the time of pregnancy . T he main objective of th is study is to compare the safety and efficacy of human insulin and analogue insulin by understanding the premix daily regimen in hyperglycaemia during pregnancy. All the articles have been classified with an intermediate to high or moderate risk of biasness by showing favourable results for using insulin analogue and human insulin . Therefore, the result ing evidence states that "moderate to high risk of biasness does not allow the conclusion” that the insulin analogue is considered to be more effective while comparing it to the “human insulin for the treatment of pregnant women” suffering from “ Hyperglycemia ”.
{"title":"Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Analog Insulins Vs Human Insulins-Basal Bolus Regimen and Premix Twice Daily Regimen in Indian Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy","authors":"A. Shankar","doi":"10.26502/aimr.0134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/aimr.0134","url":null,"abstract":"hypoglycaemia”. Most patients DM a serious situation hyperglycaemia might negatively influence the pregnancy since the duration of implantation and fertilisation. Various complications may affect the child like “macrosomia, Abstract Type 2 diabetes during the course of pregnancy is linked with an unfavourable outcome of maternal foetal. Human insulin is considered as the first choice of drug due to the province of safety use . H owever they are many questions regarding the use of insulin analogues during the time of pregnancy . T he main objective of th is study is to compare the safety and efficacy of human insulin and analogue insulin by understanding the premix daily regimen in hyperglycaemia during pregnancy. All the articles have been classified with an intermediate to high or moderate risk of biasness by showing favourable results for using insulin analogue and human insulin . Therefore, the result ing evidence states that \"moderate to high risk of biasness does not allow the conclusion” that the insulin analogue is considered to be more effective while comparing it to the “human insulin for the treatment of pregnant women” suffering from “ Hyperglycemia ”.","PeriodicalId":8282,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Internal Medicine Research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90676339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shehnaz Sultana, Samuel Abraham Joshi Davala, V. Ananthapur, P. Pardhanandana Reddy
Covid-19 pandemic, the consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), is one of the main causes of worldwide mortality. The manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 are extensively variable and array from asymptomatic infection to multiorgan failure. The primary mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 infection is the binding of the virus to the membrane bound form of ACE2, which is mostly expressed in the lungs, heart, and kidneys. The presence of comorbidities made patients at a higher risk of developing severe form of Covid-19. Several studies have suggested that SARS-CoV-2 infection have adverse effects on multiorgan. Strategies for proper diagnosis and management of multiorgan effect of Covid-19 have not been established due to the emergence of new variants. However, until more studies are carried out, treatment approaches have to be made on personalized basis depending on the specific organ damage to reduce the overall mortality rate.
{"title":"Covid-19 Infection and its Adverse Effects on Multiorgan","authors":"Shehnaz Sultana, Samuel Abraham Joshi Davala, V. Ananthapur, P. Pardhanandana Reddy","doi":"10.26502/aimr.0088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/aimr.0088","url":null,"abstract":"Covid-19 pandemic, the consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), is one of the main causes of worldwide mortality. The manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 are extensively variable and array from asymptomatic infection to multiorgan failure. The primary mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 infection is the binding of the virus to the membrane bound form of ACE2, which is mostly expressed in the lungs, heart, and kidneys. The presence of comorbidities made patients at a higher risk of developing severe form of Covid-19. Several studies have suggested that SARS-CoV-2 infection have adverse effects on multiorgan. Strategies for proper diagnosis and management of multiorgan effect of Covid-19 have not been established due to the emergence of new variants. However, until more studies are carried out, treatment approaches have to be made on personalized basis depending on the specific organ damage to reduce the overall mortality rate.","PeriodicalId":8282,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Internal Medicine Research","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80077435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There has been a great deal of concern regarding Cefepime neurotoxicity. Research has shown that using Cefepime in the ICU has significant adverse effects. Here, using the literature available on Medline, we summarize the essential parameters and risks associated with Cefepime utilization in the ICU setting.
{"title":"A Mini-Review: Is Cefepime Really Neurotoxic?","authors":"Raghuveer Vedala MD, Gopika Gopakumar, Krishna Vedala MD MPH","doi":"10.26502/aimr.0087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/aimr.0087","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a great deal of concern regarding Cefepime neurotoxicity. Research has shown that using Cefepime in the ICU has significant adverse effects. Here, using the literature available on Medline, we summarize the essential parameters and risks associated with Cefepime utilization in the ICU setting.","PeriodicalId":8282,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Internal Medicine Research","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79948334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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