AbstractVasconcellea cauliflora plants exhibiting chlorotic spots, mottling and mosaic with yellowing on leaves were observed in Pune, India in October 2020. The disease incidence was 16%. The samples were screened for cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), papaya ringspot virus, tobacco mosaic virus and zucchini yellow mosaic virus using ELISA. Sap inoculation on healthy V. cauliflora plants using CMV positive DAS-ELISA samples reproduced field symptoms. The transmission upon mechanical inoculation was 100%. For further confirmation, RT-PCR was carried out using CMV coat protein gene specific primers. Amplicons of expected size (c. 650 bp) were obtained in all symptomatic and sap inoculated samples. No amplification was observed in the asymptomatic samples. BLASTn analysis revealed that the amplicon sequence shares more than 99% identity with CMV isolates and in phylogenetic analysis it clustered with CMV IB isolates. This is the first record of V. cauliflora as a natural host of CMV worldwide.Keywords: Highland papayaDAS-ELISART-PCRVasconcellea caulifloraCMVIndia AcknowledgementsThe authors thank the Director, ICAR – IARI, New Delhi and Head, ICAR-IARI, Regional Station, Pune for providing lab facilities.Authors’ contributionsRV and ST carried out sample collection. RV and SSK carried out mechanical inoculation. SSK performed DAS-ELISA. AV performed RNA extraction and two step RT-PCR assay. ST and AV submitted the sequence to GenBank and carried out phylogenetic analysis. RV, ST and AV prepared the manuscript.Disclosure statementThe authors have no conflicts of interest.
{"title":"<i>Vasconcellea cauliflora</i> – a new natural host of cucumber mosaic virus","authors":"Raj Verma, Abhishek Verma, Sujan Singh Kushwah, Savarni Tripathi","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2023.2279944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2023.2279944","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractVasconcellea cauliflora plants exhibiting chlorotic spots, mottling and mosaic with yellowing on leaves were observed in Pune, India in October 2020. The disease incidence was 16%. The samples were screened for cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), papaya ringspot virus, tobacco mosaic virus and zucchini yellow mosaic virus using ELISA. Sap inoculation on healthy V. cauliflora plants using CMV positive DAS-ELISA samples reproduced field symptoms. The transmission upon mechanical inoculation was 100%. For further confirmation, RT-PCR was carried out using CMV coat protein gene specific primers. Amplicons of expected size (c. 650 bp) were obtained in all symptomatic and sap inoculated samples. No amplification was observed in the asymptomatic samples. BLASTn analysis revealed that the amplicon sequence shares more than 99% identity with CMV isolates and in phylogenetic analysis it clustered with CMV IB isolates. This is the first record of V. cauliflora as a natural host of CMV worldwide.Keywords: Highland papayaDAS-ELISART-PCRVasconcellea caulifloraCMVIndia AcknowledgementsThe authors thank the Director, ICAR – IARI, New Delhi and Head, ICAR-IARI, Regional Station, Pune for providing lab facilities.Authors’ contributionsRV and ST carried out sample collection. RV and SSK carried out mechanical inoculation. SSK performed DAS-ELISA. AV performed RNA extraction and two step RT-PCR assay. ST and AV submitted the sequence to GenBank and carried out phylogenetic analysis. RV, ST and AV prepared the manuscript.Disclosure statementThe authors have no conflicts of interest.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135432448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-05DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2023.2276097
Ashwani Tapwal, Ashwani Kumari, Balkrishna Tiwari
AbstractThe impact of hazard by chemical fungicides has necessitated the development of safe and eco-friendly bio-fungicides. Trichoderma asperellum is one of the potent biocontrol agents and for its cost-effectiveness large scale production on several agricultural and industrial wastes has been tested so far. Forest fire due to highly inflammable pine needles and invasion of weeds are considered as a major cause of biodiversity loss in forests of NW Himalaya. Therefore, in the present work, the potential of forest wastes like needles of five conifer species and foliage of three noxious weeds along with some commonly used substrates were evaluated for the mass production of T. asperellum. Amongst all the screened substrates, the highest spore count was recorded on Pinus roxburghii needle powder supplemented with yeast extract and potato dextrose broth. Therefore, authors recommend the use of P. roxburghii needles for the mass multiplication of Trichoderma species as a replacement for useful agro-wastes.Keywords: Conifer needleweedsTrichodermamass multiplicationsubstratesspore load per gram (SLPG) Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe authors are thankful to National Authority Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA), New Delhi for financial support “OM 13-30/2019/NA, dated 06/12/2019”.
{"title":"Mass multiplication of <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> on conifer needles and weed foliage","authors":"Ashwani Tapwal, Ashwani Kumari, Balkrishna Tiwari","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2023.2276097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2023.2276097","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe impact of hazard by chemical fungicides has necessitated the development of safe and eco-friendly bio-fungicides. Trichoderma asperellum is one of the potent biocontrol agents and for its cost-effectiveness large scale production on several agricultural and industrial wastes has been tested so far. Forest fire due to highly inflammable pine needles and invasion of weeds are considered as a major cause of biodiversity loss in forests of NW Himalaya. Therefore, in the present work, the potential of forest wastes like needles of five conifer species and foliage of three noxious weeds along with some commonly used substrates were evaluated for the mass production of T. asperellum. Amongst all the screened substrates, the highest spore count was recorded on Pinus roxburghii needle powder supplemented with yeast extract and potato dextrose broth. Therefore, authors recommend the use of P. roxburghii needles for the mass multiplication of Trichoderma species as a replacement for useful agro-wastes.Keywords: Conifer needleweedsTrichodermamass multiplicationsubstratesspore load per gram (SLPG) Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe authors are thankful to National Authority Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA), New Delhi for financial support “OM 13-30/2019/NA, dated 06/12/2019”.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"57 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135725966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2023.2276686
Krishna Trambadiya, Riddhi Kanabar, Manishkumar Visavadia, Zankhana Pandit, Linz-Buoy George
AbstractMeloidogyne incognita is a widespread pathogen that parasitises vegetables and other crops, reducing yields worldwide. The present study evaluates the nematicidal properties of Aegle marmelos (leaves and fruit) and Tinospora cordifolia (stem) extracts against Meloidogyne incognita under in-vitro conditions. Second-stage juveniles (J2s) were treated with different concentrations (0.5%–8%) of the extracts and observations were taken after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure. A significant finding unveils that A. marmelos (leaf) extract exhibited the highest mortality rate 86.48% at 8% concentration; followed by 82.74% in T. cordifolia (stem) extract and 67.04% in A. marmelos (fruit) extract at 4% concentration. These results underscore the diverse nematicidal activity within plant extracts, shedding light on the potential applications in various fields. Further research and field trials are still required to validate the practical applicability of these plant extracts, paving the way for environment-friendly nematode control in agriculture.Keywords: Meloidogyne incognitaAegle marmelos (leaf) extractnematicidesin-vitrocrop protection AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank Dr. R. P. Bhatt, Principal, Bahauddin Government Science College, Junagadh for providing the necessary laboratory facilities and requirements throughout the research. The authors would like to express sincere thanks to Dr. Paresh Poriya for their valuable guidance. The author would like to gratefully acknowledge SHODH for its financial support in the form of a stipend.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
摘要隐曲霉病(meloidogyne incognita)是一种广泛寄生在蔬菜和其他作物上的病原菌，在世界范围内导致产量下降。在体外条件下，研究了蜜橘(叶和果)和Tinospora cordifolia(茎)提取物对黑线蛾的杀线虫性能。用不同浓度(0.5% ~ 8%)的提取物处理二期稚虫，分别于24、48和72 h后进行观察。结果表明:柑桔叶提取物在浓度为8%时死亡率最高，为86.48%;在4%浓度下，桔梗(茎)提取物和蜜瓜(果)提取物的提取率分别为82.74%和67.04%。这些结果强调了植物提取物中不同的杀线虫活性，揭示了其在各个领域的潜在应用。还需要进一步的研究和田间试验来验证这些植物提取物的实际适用性，为农业中环境友好的线虫控制铺平道路。作者要感谢Junagadh Bahauddin政府科学学院校长R. P. Bhatt博士在整个研究过程中提供了必要的实验室设施和要求。作者谨对Paresh Poriya博士的宝贵指导表示衷心的感谢。作者在此感谢SHODH以津贴的形式提供的经济支持。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。
{"title":"<i>In-vitro</i> nematicidal activity of selected medicinal plant extract against <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i>","authors":"Krishna Trambadiya, Riddhi Kanabar, Manishkumar Visavadia, Zankhana Pandit, Linz-Buoy George","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2023.2276686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2023.2276686","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractMeloidogyne incognita is a widespread pathogen that parasitises vegetables and other crops, reducing yields worldwide. The present study evaluates the nematicidal properties of Aegle marmelos (leaves and fruit) and Tinospora cordifolia (stem) extracts against Meloidogyne incognita under in-vitro conditions. Second-stage juveniles (J2s) were treated with different concentrations (0.5%–8%) of the extracts and observations were taken after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure. A significant finding unveils that A. marmelos (leaf) extract exhibited the highest mortality rate 86.48% at 8% concentration; followed by 82.74% in T. cordifolia (stem) extract and 67.04% in A. marmelos (fruit) extract at 4% concentration. These results underscore the diverse nematicidal activity within plant extracts, shedding light on the potential applications in various fields. Further research and field trials are still required to validate the practical applicability of these plant extracts, paving the way for environment-friendly nematode control in agriculture.Keywords: Meloidogyne incognitaAegle marmelos (leaf) extractnematicidesin-vitrocrop protection AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank Dr. R. P. Bhatt, Principal, Bahauddin Government Science College, Junagadh for providing the necessary laboratory facilities and requirements throughout the research. The authors would like to express sincere thanks to Dr. Paresh Poriya for their valuable guidance. The author would like to gratefully acknowledge SHODH for its financial support in the form of a stipend.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"14 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2023.2276099
Muhammad Umar Shahbaz, Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq, Muhammad Kamran, Waseem Abbas, Asia Batool, Huma Abbas, Muhammad Amir Amin, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal
Abstract Cotton is a major cash crop that is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions around the globe. Cotton leaf curl virus disease is a major threat to lower the cotton yield in Pakistan. The present study aimed to predict the disease severity at different potassium (K) dosses based on abiotic environmental factors with respect to two sowing times. Three potassium (K) doses (90, 60, and 30 kg acre−1) were applied to observe the impact on disease severity. In control, no extra K was applied. Two sowings were done at 15 days intervals. Data was recorded using at seven days intervals after the appearance of the disease. A significant difference in disease severity was observed in K applied cotton plants and between the two sowing times. Maximum disease severity was noticed in control plants and was found maximum where 90 kg acre−1 K was applied. Maximum air temperature, minimum air temperature, rainfall, and windspeed exhibited a negative relationship with disease severity. A positive relationship was seen between disease severity and relative humidity irrespective to sowing times. In 1st sowing, maximum air temperature (35–38 °C), minimum air temperature (23–24 °C), relative humidity (65–75%), rainfall (1–2 mm), and windspeed (1.5–2.5 km/h) significantly contributed in disease progression. In second sowing, maximum air temperature (34–36 °C), minimum air temperature (19–21 °C), relative humidity (75–78%), rainfall (0.5–1.5 mm), and windspeed (1.5–2.5 km/h) favoured the disease development.
{"title":"Prediction of cotton leaf curl virus disease at different potassium dosses based on abiotic environmental factors and sowing dates","authors":"Muhammad Umar Shahbaz, Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq, Muhammad Kamran, Waseem Abbas, Asia Batool, Huma Abbas, Muhammad Amir Amin, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2023.2276099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2023.2276099","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cotton is a major cash crop that is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions around the globe. Cotton leaf curl virus disease is a major threat to lower the cotton yield in Pakistan. The present study aimed to predict the disease severity at different potassium (K) dosses based on abiotic environmental factors with respect to two sowing times. Three potassium (K) doses (90, 60, and 30 kg acre−1) were applied to observe the impact on disease severity. In control, no extra K was applied. Two sowings were done at 15 days intervals. Data was recorded using at seven days intervals after the appearance of the disease. A significant difference in disease severity was observed in K applied cotton plants and between the two sowing times. Maximum disease severity was noticed in control plants and was found maximum where 90 kg acre−1 K was applied. Maximum air temperature, minimum air temperature, rainfall, and windspeed exhibited a negative relationship with disease severity. A positive relationship was seen between disease severity and relative humidity irrespective to sowing times. In 1st sowing, maximum air temperature (35–38 °C), minimum air temperature (23–24 °C), relative humidity (65–75%), rainfall (1–2 mm), and windspeed (1.5–2.5 km/h) significantly contributed in disease progression. In second sowing, maximum air temperature (34–36 °C), minimum air temperature (19–21 °C), relative humidity (75–78%), rainfall (0.5–1.5 mm), and windspeed (1.5–2.5 km/h) favoured the disease development.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"104 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135871106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2023.2267668
Nevein A. S. Messiha, Kamel M. A. Elhalag, Ashraf F. Abd El-Rahman, Adel M. R. A. Abdelaziz, Nader ElBadry, Ahmed Hussien
AbstractThe effect of wheat and maize rotations and the application of plant-animal compost on potato bacterial wilt and yield was investigated. The proposed method was tested in three separate locations, each two acres in size, with an untreated control. The first two were naturally infested, but the third was pathogen-free. Infested locations that had been treated experienced a significant reduction in disease incidence. The addition of a bio-fertilizer mixture (Azotobacter sp., Azospirillum sp., Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus circulans) improved the compost’s suppressive potential. The method increased soil organic matter (SOM), N, P, K, Ca+2, and Mg+2 while decreasing Na+ levels and increasing potato yield. The relative abundance of Ralstonia decreased while that of Arthrobacter, Streptomyces, and Nocardioides increased. The presence of Gracilibacillus, Cellvibrio, Bacillus, and Paenibacillus was associated with a decrease in Ralstonia, whereas the presence of Propionibacterium (a nitrogen-fixing bacteria) was associated with an increase in Ralstonia.Keywords: Ralstonia solanacearumsoil health indicatorssoil suppressivenesssoil conducivenesscrop rotationantagonistic potential AcknowledgmentsThis research work was done within the framework of the proposed project “Rehabilitation of Nile Valley and Delta to produce brown rot-free potato qualified for exportation” and funded by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STIFA27859), Egyptian Ministry for Scientific Research. Unlimited thanks are given to the staff for the funding and cooperation provided.Authors’ contributionsAll authors have accepted the final version of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementThe data and material used during the current study are available from the author upon reasonable request.Additional informationFundingThe study was carried out as part of the "Rehabilitation of Nile Valley and Delta to produce brown rot-free potato suitable for exportation" project, which was funded by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority [STIFA27859] of the Egyptian Ministry of Scientific Research.
{"title":"Enhancement of soil suppressive potential to bacterial wilt disease caused by <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>","authors":"Nevein A. S. Messiha, Kamel M. A. Elhalag, Ashraf F. Abd El-Rahman, Adel M. R. A. Abdelaziz, Nader ElBadry, Ahmed Hussien","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2023.2267668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2023.2267668","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe effect of wheat and maize rotations and the application of plant-animal compost on potato bacterial wilt and yield was investigated. The proposed method was tested in three separate locations, each two acres in size, with an untreated control. The first two were naturally infested, but the third was pathogen-free. Infested locations that had been treated experienced a significant reduction in disease incidence. The addition of a bio-fertilizer mixture (Azotobacter sp., Azospirillum sp., Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus circulans) improved the compost’s suppressive potential. The method increased soil organic matter (SOM), N, P, K, Ca+2, and Mg+2 while decreasing Na+ levels and increasing potato yield. The relative abundance of Ralstonia decreased while that of Arthrobacter, Streptomyces, and Nocardioides increased. The presence of Gracilibacillus, Cellvibrio, Bacillus, and Paenibacillus was associated with a decrease in Ralstonia, whereas the presence of Propionibacterium (a nitrogen-fixing bacteria) was associated with an increase in Ralstonia.Keywords: Ralstonia solanacearumsoil health indicatorssoil suppressivenesssoil conducivenesscrop rotationantagonistic potential AcknowledgmentsThis research work was done within the framework of the proposed project “Rehabilitation of Nile Valley and Delta to produce brown rot-free potato qualified for exportation” and funded by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STIFA27859), Egyptian Ministry for Scientific Research. Unlimited thanks are given to the staff for the funding and cooperation provided.Authors’ contributionsAll authors have accepted the final version of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementThe data and material used during the current study are available from the author upon reasonable request.Additional informationFundingThe study was carried out as part of the \"Rehabilitation of Nile Valley and Delta to produce brown rot-free potato suitable for exportation\" project, which was funded by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority [STIFA27859] of the Egyptian Ministry of Scientific Research.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"41 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134906579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-21DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2023.2289210
Roksana Jahan Mohona, H. Mahmud, M. Kashem, Ismail Hossain, M. Monjil
Abstract The experiment was studied to evaluate the fourteen different fungicides against M. oryzae pv. triticum in laboratory and pot experiment from August 2016 to October 2017. The result of the in-vitro evaluation showed that a 100% reduction of radial mycelial growth was obtained in Amiscore 32.5 SC, Bavistin DF, Cabrio Top, Xtracare 300 EC, Nativo 75 WG, Provax 200 WP and Trooper 75 WP. Nativo 75 WG (0.2%) revealed the highest (85.38%) reduction of disease incidence over control while Provax 200 WP (0.3%) showed an efficacy of 82.14% in reducing disease incidence in the pot experiment. The lowest (3.70%) disease severity was found in Nativo 75 WG, and Provax 200 WP also exhibited 4.40% disease severity. A maximum number of healthy grain/ear (16.40) was observed in Nativo 75 WG, and Provax 200 WP was demonstrated with healthy grain (15.00), which was close to Nativo 75 WG. In grain weight/ear, Nativo 75 WG (0.2%) led to an impressive increase of 160.47% over control.
{"title":"Efficacy of different fungicides on wheat blast disease caused by M. oryzae pv. triticum in vitro and vivo condition","authors":"Roksana Jahan Mohona, H. Mahmud, M. Kashem, Ismail Hossain, M. Monjil","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2023.2289210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2023.2289210","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The experiment was studied to evaluate the fourteen different fungicides against M. oryzae pv. triticum in laboratory and pot experiment from August 2016 to October 2017. The result of the in-vitro evaluation showed that a 100% reduction of radial mycelial growth was obtained in Amiscore 32.5 SC, Bavistin DF, Cabrio Top, Xtracare 300 EC, Nativo 75 WG, Provax 200 WP and Trooper 75 WP. Nativo 75 WG (0.2%) revealed the highest (85.38%) reduction of disease incidence over control while Provax 200 WP (0.3%) showed an efficacy of 82.14% in reducing disease incidence in the pot experiment. The lowest (3.70%) disease severity was found in Nativo 75 WG, and Provax 200 WP also exhibited 4.40% disease severity. A maximum number of healthy grain/ear (16.40) was observed in Nativo 75 WG, and Provax 200 WP was demonstrated with healthy grain (15.00), which was close to Nativo 75 WG. In grain weight/ear, Nativo 75 WG (0.2%) led to an impressive increase of 160.47% over control.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"131 1","pages":"1340 - 1358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139315822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2023.2279941
Firas Ali Ahmed, A. M. Salman, Basil H. Kandooh
Abstract Gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is one of the most devastating agricultural diseases during the pre and postharvest stages. This study aims to investigate the application of Bacillus subtilis as a bioagent against B. cinerea and reducing pre and postharvest disease as a replacement method to chemical pesticides. Five Botrytis isolates were molecularly confirmed and the virulent isolate BC2 was registered for the first time in the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with accession number OP257237. The mycelial growth of B. cinerea was inhibited by up to 84% when treated with the bio agent bacterium using the double drawing method in Petri plates. Pre-harvest application of B. subtilis at a concentration of 108/ml CFU reduced postharvest -gray mold of tomato fruit during ripening stages in the greenhouse. Preharvest application of bioagent bacterium B. subtilis induced the levels of B-1, 3-glucanase and Polyphenol oxidase, indicating enhanced plant resistance to gray mold. Disease severity was decreased compared with control and extended the shelf life at 25 °C.The field application of the bio agent bacterium at the maturity of ripening in preharvest had a significant effect on increasing the level of polyphenol oxidase PPO and B-1, 3-glucanase, which are related to the enhancement of plant defenses and resistance. Additionally, it led to an increase in storage life and a reduction in post-harvest losses. The results demonstrated that preharvest application of bio agent bacterium Bacillus subtilis improved the quality of postharvest tomato fruit and significantly reduced gray mold incidence, all without the use of chemical pesticides.
摘要 由灰霉病菌（Botrytis cinerea）引起的灰霉病是收获前后阶段最具破坏性的农业病害之一。本研究旨在探讨应用枯草芽孢杆菌作为生物制剂防治灰霉病，减少收获前后病害，以替代化学农药的方法。研究人员对 5 个芽胞杆菌分离株进行了分子鉴定，并首次在美国国家生物技术信息中心（NCBI）登记了毒性分离株 BC2，登记号为 OP257237。在培养皿中使用双抽丝法处理 B. cinerea，其菌丝生长抑制率高达 84%。采收前施用浓度为 108/ml CFU 的枯草芽孢杆菌可减少温室中番茄果实成熟期的采后灰霉病。采收前施用枯草芽孢杆菌可提高 B-1，3-葡聚糖酶和多酚氧化酶的水平，这表明植物对灰霉病的抗性增强。与对照相比，病害严重程度有所减轻，并延长了 25 °C 下的货架期。在收获前的成熟期田间施用生物菌剂对提高多酚氧化酶 PPO 和 B-1，3-葡聚糖酶的水平有显著效果，这两种酶与增强植物防御能力和抗性有关。此外，它还能延长贮藏期，减少收获后的损失。研究结果表明，采收前施用枯草芽孢杆菌生物制剂可提高采后番茄果实的质量，并显著降低灰霉病的发病率，而这一切都无需使用化学农药。
{"title":"Molecular characteristics of some Botrytis isolates and antagonistic activity of Bacillus subtilis and its bacteriocin on tomato fruit","authors":"Firas Ali Ahmed, A. M. Salman, Basil H. Kandooh","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2023.2279941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2023.2279941","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is one of the most devastating agricultural diseases during the pre and postharvest stages. This study aims to investigate the application of Bacillus subtilis as a bioagent against B. cinerea and reducing pre and postharvest disease as a replacement method to chemical pesticides. Five Botrytis isolates were molecularly confirmed and the virulent isolate BC2 was registered for the first time in the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with accession number OP257237. The mycelial growth of B. cinerea was inhibited by up to 84% when treated with the bio agent bacterium using the double drawing method in Petri plates. Pre-harvest application of B. subtilis at a concentration of 108/ml CFU reduced postharvest -gray mold of tomato fruit during ripening stages in the greenhouse. Preharvest application of bioagent bacterium B. subtilis induced the levels of B-1, 3-glucanase and Polyphenol oxidase, indicating enhanced plant resistance to gray mold. Disease severity was decreased compared with control and extended the shelf life at 25 °C.The field application of the bio agent bacterium at the maturity of ripening in preharvest had a significant effect on increasing the level of polyphenol oxidase PPO and B-1, 3-glucanase, which are related to the enhancement of plant defenses and resistance. Additionally, it led to an increase in storage life and a reduction in post-harvest losses. The results demonstrated that preharvest application of bio agent bacterium Bacillus subtilis improved the quality of postharvest tomato fruit and significantly reduced gray mold incidence, all without the use of chemical pesticides.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"85 1","pages":"1267 - 1281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139324676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-27DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2023.2256665
Md. Niaz Morshed, Md Mahfuzur Rahman, Naznin Sultana, Md. Abdullah Al Mamun, Md. Azizul Haque, Mohammad Tofazzal Hossain Howlader
Conventional control of sucking pests infesting various vegetables has several drawbacks. Biorational insecticides are increasingly used for pest management due to their limited side effects. A study involving several biorational compounds, viz. spinosad, buprofezin, Beauveria bassiana, Lecanicillium muscarium and a chemical insecticide, fenitrothion was performed by leaf-dip bioassay to measure their efficacy against the bean aphid, A. craccivora Koch. as a representative of sucking pests. Mortality of aphids against treatment with biorational insecticides was recorded in three replicates under laboratory conditions. The lethal concentration (LC50 and LC90) of the treatments were calculated by probit analysis. Efficacy was concentration and time dependent. Spinosad has been found to be more effective than buprofezin. The spinosad (LC50 = 2582.04 ppm) and buprofezin (LC50 = 543.03 ppm) were found to be approximately 88 and 52 times less toxic than fenitrothion. At 48 h post-treatment (HPT), the highest mortality for spinosad and buprofezin was 66.67 and 60.00%, respectively, and reached 93.33% at 72 HPT. Among the two fungal biopesticides, L. muscarium was more effective than B. bassiana. For both, mortality (80–100%) at the higher concentrations was statistically different than others at 144 and 168 HPT. Thus, biorational compounds, particularly spinosad and L. muscarium, are useful for controlling bean aphids.
{"title":"Managing sucking pests biorationally considering bean aphid, <i>Aphis craccivora</i> Koch. as an example","authors":"Md. Niaz Morshed, Md Mahfuzur Rahman, Naznin Sultana, Md. Abdullah Al Mamun, Md. Azizul Haque, Mohammad Tofazzal Hossain Howlader","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2023.2256665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2023.2256665","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional control of sucking pests infesting various vegetables has several drawbacks. Biorational insecticides are increasingly used for pest management due to their limited side effects. A study involving several biorational compounds, viz. spinosad, buprofezin, Beauveria bassiana, Lecanicillium muscarium and a chemical insecticide, fenitrothion was performed by leaf-dip bioassay to measure their efficacy against the bean aphid, A. craccivora Koch. as a representative of sucking pests. Mortality of aphids against treatment with biorational insecticides was recorded in three replicates under laboratory conditions. The lethal concentration (LC50 and LC90) of the treatments were calculated by probit analysis. Efficacy was concentration and time dependent. Spinosad has been found to be more effective than buprofezin. The spinosad (LC50 = 2582.04 ppm) and buprofezin (LC50 = 543.03 ppm) were found to be approximately 88 and 52 times less toxic than fenitrothion. At 48 h post-treatment (HPT), the highest mortality for spinosad and buprofezin was 66.67 and 60.00%, respectively, and reached 93.33% at 72 HPT. Among the two fungal biopesticides, L. muscarium was more effective than B. bassiana. For both, mortality (80–100%) at the higher concentrations was statistically different than others at 144 and 168 HPT. Thus, biorational compounds, particularly spinosad and L. muscarium, are useful for controlling bean aphids.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135181213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-27DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2023.2256648
Adewale Opeyemi Adeoti, Olufemi Richard Pitan
Abstract A field experiment was conducted in the early and late planting seasons, 2019 to evaluate the effectiveness of grain amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) planted at different timing and proportion as a trap crop for reducing insect pest densities on cucumber. Amaranth was established into cucumber plots two weeks before cucumber (2WBC), same day (SD) with cucumber or two weeks after cucumber (2WAC) in 100:0, 100:25, 100:50, 100:75 and 100:100 cucumber-amaranth proportions. Amaranth planted 2WBC or SD trapped significantly higher numbers of Aulacophora foveicollis and Epilachna chrysomelina compared to 2WAC, corresponding to lower infestations and damage on cucumber, with the highest fruit yield at SD cucumber. While leaf damage was reduced by 68–74% at 100:100, yield increase of 66–69% was obtained at 100:50 relative to sole cucumber plots. Hence, planting grain amaranth SD with cucumber at 100:50 cucumber-amaranth proportion has a great prospect against insect pests of cucumber in a trap–cropping strategy.
{"title":"Influence of time of introduction and proportion on the efficacy of grain amaranth trap crop against <i>Aulacophora foveicollis</i> and <i>Epilachna chrysomelina</i> on cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.)","authors":"Adewale Opeyemi Adeoti, Olufemi Richard Pitan","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2023.2256648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2023.2256648","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A field experiment was conducted in the early and late planting seasons, 2019 to evaluate the effectiveness of grain amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) planted at different timing and proportion as a trap crop for reducing insect pest densities on cucumber. Amaranth was established into cucumber plots two weeks before cucumber (2WBC), same day (SD) with cucumber or two weeks after cucumber (2WAC) in 100:0, 100:25, 100:50, 100:75 and 100:100 cucumber-amaranth proportions. Amaranth planted 2WBC or SD trapped significantly higher numbers of Aulacophora foveicollis and Epilachna chrysomelina compared to 2WAC, corresponding to lower infestations and damage on cucumber, with the highest fruit yield at SD cucumber. While leaf damage was reduced by 68–74% at 100:100, yield increase of 66–69% was obtained at 100:50 relative to sole cucumber plots. Hence, planting grain amaranth SD with cucumber at 100:50 cucumber-amaranth proportion has a great prospect against insect pests of cucumber in a trap–cropping strategy.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135181409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-27DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2023.2267658
Muhammad Waqas Mazhar, Muhammad Ishtiaq, Mehwish Maqbool, Syed Atiq Hussain
AbstractRice blast disease, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, poses a significant threat to rice production worldwide. A pot experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that foliar-applied zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have an inhibitory effect against blast fungus by strengthening the antioxidant defence system in rice plants. Various treatment concentrations of ZnONPs (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L) were applied to pathogen-inoculated plants. Foliarly applied ZnONPs lowered the infection efficiency of the sprayed conidia by 73% on the leaf segments compared to the positive control. The lesion number caused by the pathogen in the leaf tissues was significantly reduced compared to the experiment’s positive control, and the sporulation intensity was reduced compared to the positive control. Foliar-applied ZnONPs improved the functions of superoxide dismutase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxidase, and catalase enzymes. Furthermore, the growth and yield attributes of rice plants were improved compared to the positive control. Yield and production of rice can be improved with exogenously applied ZnONPs under the rice blast infestation.Keywords: Magnaporthe oryzaericezinc oxide nanoparticlesrice blastyield of riceantioxidant defense Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles improves rice yield under biotic stress posed by <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i>","authors":"Muhammad Waqas Mazhar, Muhammad Ishtiaq, Mehwish Maqbool, Syed Atiq Hussain","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2023.2267658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2023.2267658","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractRice blast disease, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, poses a significant threat to rice production worldwide. A pot experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that foliar-applied zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have an inhibitory effect against blast fungus by strengthening the antioxidant defence system in rice plants. Various treatment concentrations of ZnONPs (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L) were applied to pathogen-inoculated plants. Foliarly applied ZnONPs lowered the infection efficiency of the sprayed conidia by 73% on the leaf segments compared to the positive control. The lesion number caused by the pathogen in the leaf tissues was significantly reduced compared to the experiment’s positive control, and the sporulation intensity was reduced compared to the positive control. Foliar-applied ZnONPs improved the functions of superoxide dismutase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxidase, and catalase enzymes. Furthermore, the growth and yield attributes of rice plants were improved compared to the positive control. Yield and production of rice can be improved with exogenously applied ZnONPs under the rice blast infestation.Keywords: Magnaporthe oryzaericezinc oxide nanoparticlesrice blastyield of riceantioxidant defense Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135182250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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