Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2023.2228004
N. Manjunatha, J. Sharma, S. Pokhare, Mansi G. Chakranarayan, R. Agarrwal, Bhagyashri Suresh Gavande, B. Raigond, M. Mallikarjun, R. Marathe
Abstract An economical, simple, rapid, and culture independent method was developed for routine analyses and detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae (Xap) that causes bacterial blight in pomegranate. Five DNA release buffers (B1-B5) were optimized for extracting bacterial genomic DNA (gDNA) directly from (a)symptomatic pomegranate leaves followed by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of Xap. B1, B3, and B4 were found suitable to release gDNA, which was subjected to PCR using universal primers for 16S rRNA and rpsL genes, and pathogen specific xopQ primers. DNA released from B1 and B4 successfully produced amplicons of expected sizes. Additional analyses found that DNA released using B4 buffer was stable up to 45 days at −20 °C/−80 °C and 35 days at 4 °C and 8-800 pg DNA could be detected by the PCR-based assay. B4 was further validated for versatility by extracting DNA of Xanthomonas spp. causing citrus canker and sorghum shoot stripe disease.
{"title":"Development of simple and quick DNA release protocol for conventional PCR based detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae causing bacterial blight in pomegranate","authors":"N. Manjunatha, J. Sharma, S. Pokhare, Mansi G. Chakranarayan, R. Agarrwal, Bhagyashri Suresh Gavande, B. Raigond, M. Mallikarjun, R. Marathe","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2023.2228004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2023.2228004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An economical, simple, rapid, and culture independent method was developed for routine analyses and detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae (Xap) that causes bacterial blight in pomegranate. Five DNA release buffers (B1-B5) were optimized for extracting bacterial genomic DNA (gDNA) directly from (a)symptomatic pomegranate leaves followed by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of Xap. B1, B3, and B4 were found suitable to release gDNA, which was subjected to PCR using universal primers for 16S rRNA and rpsL genes, and pathogen specific xopQ primers. DNA released from B1 and B4 successfully produced amplicons of expected sizes. Additional analyses found that DNA released using B4 buffer was stable up to 45 days at −20 °C/−80 °C and 35 days at 4 °C and 8-800 pg DNA could be detected by the PCR-based assay. B4 was further validated for versatility by extracting DNA of Xanthomonas spp. causing citrus canker and sorghum shoot stripe disease.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"56 1","pages":"889 - 902"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41594294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2023.2225657
Mohd. Ali, Tariq Ahmad, B. Hussain
Abstract Synthetic pesticides have made an impact on aphid control but limitations due to the development of resistance and negative impact on humans and the environment, focus has shifted to alternative strategies. We explored the effectiveness of indigenous plant extracts of Artemisia absinthium and Prunus armeniaca against B. brassicae and H. pruni while preserving its natural enemies. Four replicates of the extracts were studied under laboratory conditions. Ethanolic extract of Artemisia absinthium (EEAA) shows 75.64% and 60.25% mortality while ethanolic extract of Prunus apricot kernel (EEPAK) shows 66.66% and 48.71% mortality of H. pruni and B. brassicae respectively (p < 0.01). Similarly, aqueous extracts of Artemisia absinthium (AEAA) and Prunus apricot kernel (AEPAK) also seem to be useful with 62.5% and 58.78% mortality in H. pruni, respectively. Of the different ethanolic extracts, 5% of AA was found most effective against aphids with a population reduction of 75.64% while 1% of aqueous extract of the PAK showed the least (7.69%) aphid mortality. Due to their availability, affordability, and eco-friendly, small-scale farmers can use them as a replacement for chemical pesticides. Thus, we suggest the use of Prunus apricot kernel (PAK) and Artemisia absinthium (AA) for the management of aphids in and around Ladakh.
{"title":"Aphicidal activity of some indigenous plants extracts against cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and mealy plum aphid, Hyalopterus pruni (Hemiptera: Aphididae)","authors":"Mohd. Ali, Tariq Ahmad, B. Hussain","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2023.2225657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2023.2225657","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Synthetic pesticides have made an impact on aphid control but limitations due to the development of resistance and negative impact on humans and the environment, focus has shifted to alternative strategies. We explored the effectiveness of indigenous plant extracts of Artemisia absinthium and Prunus armeniaca against B. brassicae and H. pruni while preserving its natural enemies. Four replicates of the extracts were studied under laboratory conditions. Ethanolic extract of Artemisia absinthium (EEAA) shows 75.64% and 60.25% mortality while ethanolic extract of Prunus apricot kernel (EEPAK) shows 66.66% and 48.71% mortality of H. pruni and B. brassicae respectively (p < 0.01). Similarly, aqueous extracts of Artemisia absinthium (AEAA) and Prunus apricot kernel (AEPAK) also seem to be useful with 62.5% and 58.78% mortality in H. pruni, respectively. Of the different ethanolic extracts, 5% of AA was found most effective against aphids with a population reduction of 75.64% while 1% of aqueous extract of the PAK showed the least (7.69%) aphid mortality. Due to their availability, affordability, and eco-friendly, small-scale farmers can use them as a replacement for chemical pesticides. Thus, we suggest the use of Prunus apricot kernel (PAK) and Artemisia absinthium (AA) for the management of aphids in and around Ladakh.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"56 1","pages":"853 - 871"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47840225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2023.2227328
Herbert Dustin R. Aumentado, M. Balendres
Abstract This study characterised and identified the causative agent of irregular necrotic leaf spots in eggplant. The culture characteristics and morphology of three fungal isolates indicate that they are from the Didymellaceae group. Using a polyphasic approach—combined morphological, cultural, pathogenicity, and molecular characterisation (concatenated sequences of three gene loci: ITS, TUB2, LSU), the fungal isolates MBELIQ03A and MBELIQ03D were identified as Epicoccum poaceicola. Isolate MBELIQ02 was identified as Epicoccum sp. due to a lack of clear grouping with a single Epicoccum species. In repeated trials, the three Epicoccum isolates were pathogenic to eggplant leaves in detached leaf assays. Similar fungi were consistently re-isolated from the inoculated leaves and thus, establishing Koch’s postulates. Inoculation of the three isolates on solanaceous leaves and fruits (tomato, eggplant, and pepper) revealed their varied pathogenicity. This is the first confirmed scientific report of Epicoccum poaceicola causing eggplant leaf spots. This is also the first record of this fungal species in the Philippines. Inoculum from leaf infection could serve as inoculum for fruit infection and other solanaceous vegetable crops grown nearby a field planted with eggplant.
{"title":"Identification of Epicoccum poaceicola causing eggplant leaf spot and its cross-infection potential to other solanaceous vegetable crops","authors":"Herbert Dustin R. Aumentado, M. Balendres","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2023.2227328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2023.2227328","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study characterised and identified the causative agent of irregular necrotic leaf spots in eggplant. The culture characteristics and morphology of three fungal isolates indicate that they are from the Didymellaceae group. Using a polyphasic approach—combined morphological, cultural, pathogenicity, and molecular characterisation (concatenated sequences of three gene loci: ITS, TUB2, LSU), the fungal isolates MBELIQ03A and MBELIQ03D were identified as Epicoccum poaceicola. Isolate MBELIQ02 was identified as Epicoccum sp. due to a lack of clear grouping with a single Epicoccum species. In repeated trials, the three Epicoccum isolates were pathogenic to eggplant leaves in detached leaf assays. Similar fungi were consistently re-isolated from the inoculated leaves and thus, establishing Koch’s postulates. Inoculation of the three isolates on solanaceous leaves and fruits (tomato, eggplant, and pepper) revealed their varied pathogenicity. This is the first confirmed scientific report of Epicoccum poaceicola causing eggplant leaf spots. This is also the first record of this fungal species in the Philippines. Inoculum from leaf infection could serve as inoculum for fruit infection and other solanaceous vegetable crops grown nearby a field planted with eggplant.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"56 1","pages":"872 - 888"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43958048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-14DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2023.2222445
Sabona Megersa, Girma Ababa
Abstract Field survey was conducted in 2021 to determine distribution and association of white rust intensity with biophysical factors. Spatio-temporal analysis of its epidemics in the farms revealed a wide distribution of the disease. The prevalence ranged from 80% to 100% indicating that white rust was distributed almost in all of the surveyed areas. Its incidence varied from 41% to 100% and the severity ranged from 4% to 50%. White rust epidemics were significantly influenced by weeding frequency, crop rotation, source of seed and planting date with an incidence of ≤ 50.5% and severity of ≤16.2%. Overall, the present study concludes that the management practices such as tillage, crop rotation, source of seed and weed management are very important for white rust. Again, the assessment of white rust status in other areas and the evaluation of management practices are very important.
{"title":"White rust (Albugo candida) disease distribution, intensity and association with biophysical factors in Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Sabona Megersa, Girma Ababa","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2023.2222445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2023.2222445","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Field survey was conducted in 2021 to determine distribution and association of white rust intensity with biophysical factors. Spatio-temporal analysis of its epidemics in the farms revealed a wide distribution of the disease. The prevalence ranged from 80% to 100% indicating that white rust was distributed almost in all of the surveyed areas. Its incidence varied from 41% to 100% and the severity ranged from 4% to 50%. White rust epidemics were significantly influenced by weeding frequency, crop rotation, source of seed and planting date with an incidence of ≤ 50.5% and severity of ≤16.2%. Overall, the present study concludes that the management practices such as tillage, crop rotation, source of seed and weed management are very important for white rust. Again, the assessment of white rust status in other areas and the evaluation of management practices are very important.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"56 1","pages":"835 - 852"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45422731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-14DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2023.2222439
Timothy Guinto, M. Balendres
Abstract Mycorrhizal fungi (MF) receive carbon from their plant host, colonizing the latter’s cortical cells and tissues or just around the root epidermis. Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungi present in different taxa with members inducing cryptic, hypovirulent, or hypervirulent symptoms. They occur in different fungal taxa and hence, it is not surprising to discover the existence of viruses infecting mycorrhizal fungi. This paper examined several studies focusing on Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)–mycovirus symbiosis, and diversity, and presents mycovirus studies’ current status and development in this important fungal type and ecology. Despite the relative difficulty of investigating AMFs due to their obligate biotrophic nature, progress is still being made. Sixteen proposed and putative mycoviruses were infecting AMFs. Twenty-two mycoviruses from varying families and genome types are identified as infecting orchid mycorrhizal fungi. Twenty-three viruses of diverse families and 34 Partitiviruses of a single fungus are associated with ectomycorrhizal fungi. Description and characterization of viruses isolated from mycorrhizal fungi helped us grasp the great diversity of mycoviruses. With high throughput sequencing, the area of mycorrhizal virology has been gaining momentum in the past years. Extensive knowledge of mycorrhizal development and physiology can aid us in which fungal virus to use for the benefit of the host plant interest. A considerable part of mycoviruses infecting MFs remains unknown. Further research is needed to calculate the risks associated with using mycoviruses as a biocontrol against plant pathogenic and mycorrhizal fungi. Whole genome sequences are also lacking. Methodologies focusing on protoplast regeneration and hyphal anastomosis of mycorrhizal fungi are gradually being modified and tried. Finally, a closer look at the key players and mechanism of RNA silencing suppressors would shed light on the pathogenicity of mycorrhizal viruses in fungi and their associated symbionts.
{"title":"Current knowledge on mycoviruses associated with mycorrhizal fungi","authors":"Timothy Guinto, M. Balendres","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2023.2222439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2023.2222439","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mycorrhizal fungi (MF) receive carbon from their plant host, colonizing the latter’s cortical cells and tissues or just around the root epidermis. Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungi present in different taxa with members inducing cryptic, hypovirulent, or hypervirulent symptoms. They occur in different fungal taxa and hence, it is not surprising to discover the existence of viruses infecting mycorrhizal fungi. This paper examined several studies focusing on Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)–mycovirus symbiosis, and diversity, and presents mycovirus studies’ current status and development in this important fungal type and ecology. Despite the relative difficulty of investigating AMFs due to their obligate biotrophic nature, progress is still being made. Sixteen proposed and putative mycoviruses were infecting AMFs. Twenty-two mycoviruses from varying families and genome types are identified as infecting orchid mycorrhizal fungi. Twenty-three viruses of diverse families and 34 Partitiviruses of a single fungus are associated with ectomycorrhizal fungi. Description and characterization of viruses isolated from mycorrhizal fungi helped us grasp the great diversity of mycoviruses. With high throughput sequencing, the area of mycorrhizal virology has been gaining momentum in the past years. Extensive knowledge of mycorrhizal development and physiology can aid us in which fungal virus to use for the benefit of the host plant interest. A considerable part of mycoviruses infecting MFs remains unknown. Further research is needed to calculate the risks associated with using mycoviruses as a biocontrol against plant pathogenic and mycorrhizal fungi. Whole genome sequences are also lacking. Methodologies focusing on protoplast regeneration and hyphal anastomosis of mycorrhizal fungi are gradually being modified and tried. Finally, a closer look at the key players and mechanism of RNA silencing suppressors would shed light on the pathogenicity of mycorrhizal viruses in fungi and their associated symbionts.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"56 1","pages":"761 - 786"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45079501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-13DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2023.2222444
Shashank Chaudhary, U. Kumar
Abstract Rice is a major staple food crop for providing food security in Asian region. Rice crop mainly suffers from diseases like brown spot, leaf blast and hispa. Detecting rice crop disease in natural RGB images is a daunting task due the intricate texture of the region of the interest. The paper gives a novice approach to the detection of rice plant diseases. Here two different feature extraction methods were used one being Gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and the other is Intensity level based on the multi-fractal dimension (ILMFD) technique. The three different types of classifiers such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Twin Support Vector Machine (TWSVM) were used. Initially, the input rice crop images were processed, features extracted and finally the classification was done. The combination of ILMFD and TWSVM significantly improves the classification results as compared to existing models. The ILMFD method and TWSVM gives the highest Kernel accuracy of 100% detection of rice crop diseases (for the sample database used in this work) which validates the efficiency of the above mentioned techniques.
{"title":"An efficient approach for automated system to identify the rice crop disease using intensity level based multi-fractal dimension and twin support vector machine","authors":"Shashank Chaudhary, U. Kumar","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2023.2222444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2023.2222444","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rice is a major staple food crop for providing food security in Asian region. Rice crop mainly suffers from diseases like brown spot, leaf blast and hispa. Detecting rice crop disease in natural RGB images is a daunting task due the intricate texture of the region of the interest. The paper gives a novice approach to the detection of rice plant diseases. Here two different feature extraction methods were used one being Gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and the other is Intensity level based on the multi-fractal dimension (ILMFD) technique. The three different types of classifiers such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Twin Support Vector Machine (TWSVM) were used. Initially, the input rice crop images were processed, features extracted and finally the classification was done. The combination of ILMFD and TWSVM significantly improves the classification results as compared to existing models. The ILMFD method and TWSVM gives the highest Kernel accuracy of 100% detection of rice crop diseases (for the sample database used in this work) which validates the efficiency of the above mentioned techniques.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"56 1","pages":"806 - 834"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42020536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-12DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2023.2222442
K. Swapna Rani, S. Pal, K. T. Shivakumara, Dhanapati Gokul Krishna
Abstract The occurrence of leaf folder, Pycnarmon cribrata (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on the medicinal plant nirgundi, Vitex negundo Linn. has been observed in West Bengal, India. The pest damaged the foliage by folding the leaflets, feeding within and ultimately making the foliage dry and papery. However, the identity of the pest species was confirmed through morphological characteristics of male and female genitalia as well as sequence amplified product of Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene (GenBank No. ON545929). Biological studies revealed that the entire life cycle of the moth completed in 29.90 ± 2.42 days on average, while the range was between 25-34 days. The peak larval incidence was noticed in 16th SMW (Standard Meteorological Week) and 24th SMW with population of 12 and 15 larvae per plant during 2021 and 2022, respectively. The percent plant incidence levels ranged from 15 to 100% during the first year i.e. 2021 and 30 to 100% during the second year i.e. 2022. The correlation of mean larval population (r = −0.66) and percent plant incidence (r = −0.71) with weather parameters indicated a highly significant negative association with the maximum temperature and a significant positive correlation with maximum and minimum relative humidity. The parasitization of Choeras sp. (Braconidae: Hymenoptera) (GenBank No. OP293230) was observed on old age larvae of P. cribrata and the natural parasitization was recorded as 26% during the study period. This study provides a comprehensive information on the occurrence, nature of damage, biology, morphometry, seasonal incidence and natural enemy fauna associated with P. cribrata which will be helpful for implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies to curtail the pest problem on V. negundo, a valuable medicinal plant.
{"title":"Morpho-molecular characterization and bioecology of leaf folder, Pycnarmon cribrata (Fabricius) on nirgundi (Vitex negundo): an aromatic medicinal shrub from India","authors":"K. Swapna Rani, S. Pal, K. T. Shivakumara, Dhanapati Gokul Krishna","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2023.2222442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2023.2222442","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The occurrence of leaf folder, Pycnarmon cribrata (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on the medicinal plant nirgundi, Vitex negundo Linn. has been observed in West Bengal, India. The pest damaged the foliage by folding the leaflets, feeding within and ultimately making the foliage dry and papery. However, the identity of the pest species was confirmed through morphological characteristics of male and female genitalia as well as sequence amplified product of Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene (GenBank No. ON545929). Biological studies revealed that the entire life cycle of the moth completed in 29.90 ± 2.42 days on average, while the range was between 25-34 days. The peak larval incidence was noticed in 16th SMW (Standard Meteorological Week) and 24th SMW with population of 12 and 15 larvae per plant during 2021 and 2022, respectively. The percent plant incidence levels ranged from 15 to 100% during the first year i.e. 2021 and 30 to 100% during the second year i.e. 2022. The correlation of mean larval population (r = −0.66) and percent plant incidence (r = −0.71) with weather parameters indicated a highly significant negative association with the maximum temperature and a significant positive correlation with maximum and minimum relative humidity. The parasitization of Choeras sp. (Braconidae: Hymenoptera) (GenBank No. OP293230) was observed on old age larvae of P. cribrata and the natural parasitization was recorded as 26% during the study period. This study provides a comprehensive information on the occurrence, nature of damage, biology, morphometry, seasonal incidence and natural enemy fauna associated with P. cribrata which will be helpful for implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies to curtail the pest problem on V. negundo, a valuable medicinal plant.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"56 1","pages":"787 - 805"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48548497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-28DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2023.2217675
R. Latina, Clare Hazel R. Tabernilla, A. H. Ramirez
Abstract Weedy rice collected from a rice field was found to be infected with root-knot nematodes. Perineal patterns of root-knot nematode females from galled weedy rice roots revealed Meloidogyne graminicola morphology with vulva-anus complex showing egg-like appearance, moderately high dorsal arch, smooth striae on the edge with distinct striations near the smooth vulval lips and absence of lateral ridges. DNA amplification based on M. graminicola-specific marker yielded positive detection. ITS-rDNA-based characterization revealed 99.81% similarity of the local isolate to M. graminicola sequences from NCBI GenBank®. ITS-based maximum-likelihood phylogram placed the isolate in M. graminicola clade with a high bootstrap support.
{"title":"Detection of root-knot nematodes infecting weedy rice in San Juan, Batangas, Philippines","authors":"R. Latina, Clare Hazel R. Tabernilla, A. H. Ramirez","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2023.2217675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2023.2217675","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Weedy rice collected from a rice field was found to be infected with root-knot nematodes. Perineal patterns of root-knot nematode females from galled weedy rice roots revealed Meloidogyne graminicola morphology with vulva-anus complex showing egg-like appearance, moderately high dorsal arch, smooth striae on the edge with distinct striations near the smooth vulval lips and absence of lateral ridges. DNA amplification based on M. graminicola-specific marker yielded positive detection. ITS-rDNA-based characterization revealed 99.81% similarity of the local isolate to M. graminicola sequences from NCBI GenBank®. ITS-based maximum-likelihood phylogram placed the isolate in M. graminicola clade with a high bootstrap support.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"56 1","pages":"753 - 759"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44645672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2023.2216368
Z. Baka, M. El-Zahed
Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the rust fungus Puccinia lagenophorae on total phenols, phenolic acids, and defense-related enzymes in the leaf tissues of the host, Senecio aegyptius. The infection increased the total phenol and defense-related enzymes in the host leaf tissues when compared to healthy tissues. The analysis using HPLC revealed the existence of 10 phenolic acids in healthy and infected host leaves. The infection increased the amounts of caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic, p-coumaric, and salicylic acids. The examination by TEM revealed the presence of peroxidase activity on the host microbodies, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, and the thickening of xylem vessels. After the infection, the activity was localized at the penetration sites of fungal haustoria and in amorphous materials found between the intercellular hyphae and the host cell wall. The heaviest peroxidase activity was detected in heavily infected vascular tissue, due to the monokaryotic infection.
{"title":"Phenolic acids and defense-related enzymes in host-pathogen interaction in Senecio aegyptius and the rust fungus, Puccinia lagenophorae","authors":"Z. Baka, M. El-Zahed","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2023.2216368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2023.2216368","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the rust fungus Puccinia lagenophorae on total phenols, phenolic acids, and defense-related enzymes in the leaf tissues of the host, Senecio aegyptius. The infection increased the total phenol and defense-related enzymes in the host leaf tissues when compared to healthy tissues. The analysis using HPLC revealed the existence of 10 phenolic acids in healthy and infected host leaves. The infection increased the amounts of caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic, p-coumaric, and salicylic acids. The examination by TEM revealed the presence of peroxidase activity on the host microbodies, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, and the thickening of xylem vessels. After the infection, the activity was localized at the penetration sites of fungal haustoria and in amorphous materials found between the intercellular hyphae and the host cell wall. The heaviest peroxidase activity was detected in heavily infected vascular tissue, due to the monokaryotic infection.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"56 1","pages":"721 - 752"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42951606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2023.2216358
Anggi Anwar Hendra Nurdika, T. Arwiyanto, S. Sulandari, T. Joko, Argawi Kandito
Abstract Bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum is a major problem in tomato cultivation. This research was aimed to evaluate the potential of grafting two susceptible tomato varieties (Servo and Kaliurang) with EG203-resistant eggplant, combined with bacteriophage treatment to suppress bacterial wilt disease. The results showed that grafting tomatoes with EG203 eggplant combined with bacteriophage treatment effectively suppressed the development of bacterial wilt disease. Grafting Servo – EG203 combined with bacteriophages treatment resulted in the longest incubation period (45 days), lowest incidence (6.25%), lowest severity of bacterial wilt (2.5%), and AUDPC value (8.75) at 49 days after inoculation. The low development of bacterial wilt in grafting and bacteriophage treatment was supported by the low population of R. pseudosolanacearum in the soil, which was only around 103 CFU/gram at 49 days after inoculation. In conclusion, the combination of tomato grafting and bacteriophage treatment showed promising results in controlling bacterial wilt disease.
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