Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2023.2170208
Andrea García, Mónica Higuita, R. Hoyos, Yuliana Gallo, M. Marín, P. Gutiérrez
Abstract The productivity of potato in Colombia is far from its full potential mainly due to the high prevalence of viruses in seed-tubers. To gain a deeper insight into the health status of S. tuberosum and S. phureja seed-tubers used by farmers in the province of Antioquia (Colombia), we have investigated the prevalence of PVY, PVV, PVS, PVX, PRLV, PYVV, PMTV and PVB in certified and uncertified seed lots. The presence of viruses was determined by RT-qPCR, RT-PCR, Sanger and High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS). The eight viruses were detected in at least one lot sample of S. tuberosum or S. phureja and for most of the viruses, no significant differences in prevalence were observed between certified and uncertified seed-tuber lots; however, the number of co-infecting viruses and viral loads seem to be lower in the certified seeds. These results confirm the urgent need to improve current seed-tuber production standards in Colombia.
{"title":"Prevalence of RNA viruses in certified, and informal potato seed tubers in the province of Antioquia (Colombia)","authors":"Andrea García, Mónica Higuita, R. Hoyos, Yuliana Gallo, M. Marín, P. Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2023.2170208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2023.2170208","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The productivity of potato in Colombia is far from its full potential mainly due to the high prevalence of viruses in seed-tubers. To gain a deeper insight into the health status of S. tuberosum and S. phureja seed-tubers used by farmers in the province of Antioquia (Colombia), we have investigated the prevalence of PVY, PVV, PVS, PVX, PRLV, PYVV, PMTV and PVB in certified and uncertified seed lots. The presence of viruses was determined by RT-qPCR, RT-PCR, Sanger and High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS). The eight viruses were detected in at least one lot sample of S. tuberosum or S. phureja and for most of the viruses, no significant differences in prevalence were observed between certified and uncertified seed-tuber lots; however, the number of co-infecting viruses and viral loads seem to be lower in the certified seeds. These results confirm the urgent need to improve current seed-tuber production standards in Colombia.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"56 1","pages":"29 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49431906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2023.2170692
G. Arunakumar, B. N. Gnanesh
Abstract Root rot disease of mulberry is a widespread soil-borne disease, which can cause serious damage and huge economic loss to mulberry production in India. Efficient and reliable screening methods are prerequisites to evaluate the disease-resistant germplasm accessions for developing a cultivar’s resistance to root rot. A multifactor experiment with four replications was established to evaluate four different inoculation techniques namely, colonized sorghum grains (CSG), colonized toothpick, root dip (RD), and syringe inoculation using pathogenic isolates of three fungal pathogens; Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum (dry root rot) and Lasiodiplodia theobromae (black root rot) against known resistant and susceptible mulberry germplasm accessions under glasshouse conditions. In addition, all the methods of evaluating resistance were compared and the results indicated that CSG and RD methods of inoculation for dry and black root rot were stable in their pathogenic effect. Also, these two methods were easy to screen and more convenient than other methods.
{"title":"Evaluation of artificial inoculation methods to determine resistance reaction to dry root rot and black root rot disease in mulberry (Morus spp.)","authors":"G. Arunakumar, B. N. Gnanesh","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2023.2170692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2023.2170692","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Root rot disease of mulberry is a widespread soil-borne disease, which can cause serious damage and huge economic loss to mulberry production in India. Efficient and reliable screening methods are prerequisites to evaluate the disease-resistant germplasm accessions for developing a cultivar’s resistance to root rot. A multifactor experiment with four replications was established to evaluate four different inoculation techniques namely, colonized sorghum grains (CSG), colonized toothpick, root dip (RD), and syringe inoculation using pathogenic isolates of three fungal pathogens; Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum (dry root rot) and Lasiodiplodia theobromae (black root rot) against known resistant and susceptible mulberry germplasm accessions under glasshouse conditions. In addition, all the methods of evaluating resistance were compared and the results indicated that CSG and RD methods of inoculation for dry and black root rot were stable in their pathogenic effect. Also, these two methods were easy to screen and more convenient than other methods.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"56 1","pages":"49 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46059216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2022.2145696
F. Habtie, Bereket Ali Yemer, Alemayehu Ayle Gebre Wold, Alemnew Fantaye Yetina, Wulita Wondwosen Kebede, Yifru Worku Robie, Alemie Belete, B. Bitew, Kalkidan Yalew
Abstract Faba bean gall (FBG) caused by Physoderma viciae is the most destructive disease of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in Ethiopia, particularly in Amhara, Oromia and Tigray regions. Bayleten 25WP fungicide was evaluated as a seed dressi ng, foliar spray and their integration in order to select cost effective rate and method of application for the management of FBG. A total of eight treatments were considered for this field experiment. The trial was conducted at Mush farmers’ field laid out in RCB Design with three replications for two consecutive growing seasons in (2019 and 2020). The result showed significant differences (p < 0.05) amongst the treatments examined in terms of FBG severity and grain yield on growing seasons. Bayleton 25WP seed dressing was found effective method of fungicide application in reducing FBG disease severity over foliar spray and untreated check. In the meantime, it significantly increased grain yield (kg/ha). On top of this, the highest MRR (59.2%) was observed from faba bean seeds treated with Triadimefon 150 g per 100 kg seed. Therefore Bayleton 25WP seed treatment with Triadimefon 150 g per 100 kg seed was found cost effective rate and method of application than foliar application that reduced the disease pressure and increased grain yield. Hence, this finding should be demonstrated by participating formers in order to create awareness for faba bean growers in the study area who are challenging due to the disease.
{"title":"Rate determination of Bayleton fungicide against faba bean gall (Physoderma vaciae) disease at North Shewa, Amhara, Ethiopia","authors":"F. Habtie, Bereket Ali Yemer, Alemayehu Ayle Gebre Wold, Alemnew Fantaye Yetina, Wulita Wondwosen Kebede, Yifru Worku Robie, Alemie Belete, B. Bitew, Kalkidan Yalew","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2022.2145696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2022.2145696","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Faba bean gall (FBG) caused by Physoderma viciae is the most destructive disease of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in Ethiopia, particularly in Amhara, Oromia and Tigray regions. Bayleten 25WP fungicide was evaluated as a seed dressi ng, foliar spray and their integration in order to select cost effective rate and method of application for the management of FBG. A total of eight treatments were considered for this field experiment. The trial was conducted at Mush farmers’ field laid out in RCB Design with three replications for two consecutive growing seasons in (2019 and 2020). The result showed significant differences (p < 0.05) amongst the treatments examined in terms of FBG severity and grain yield on growing seasons. Bayleton 25WP seed dressing was found effective method of fungicide application in reducing FBG disease severity over foliar spray and untreated check. In the meantime, it significantly increased grain yield (kg/ha). On top of this, the highest MRR (59.2%) was observed from faba bean seeds treated with Triadimefon 150 g per 100 kg seed. Therefore Bayleton 25WP seed treatment with Triadimefon 150 g per 100 kg seed was found cost effective rate and method of application than foliar application that reduced the disease pressure and increased grain yield. Hence, this finding should be demonstrated by participating formers in order to create awareness for faba bean growers in the study area who are challenging due to the disease.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"56 1","pages":"1 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41977548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: CVD remains a leading cause of death in Europe and worldwide accounting for 3.9 million deaths each year in Europe alone. Even with well-known risk factors and the current standards of health care, improvement of health and quality of life of CVD patients are still remains one of the biggest public health challenges we must overcome.
Objective: The aim of this narrative review is to provide a brief overview of the recent and relevant documents of good practice in prevention, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of Cardiovascular diseases that should be consider as milestones for the health authorities in the Federation of BiH. Cardiovascular diseases stil represent a worldwide public health problem, with some new dimensions caused by challenges caused through pandemic of COVID-19. The wellknown cardiovascular risk factors require new and more efficient public health approaches to the prevention and control.
Conclusion: Due to the recently developed cardiovascular guidelines that were made by the European Society of Cardiology and World Heart Federation, key priority for health authorities should be is to update the existing CVD guidelines in the Federation of BiH in accordance with the international good practice.
{"title":"Public Health Dimensions of CVD Prevention and Control - Global Perspectives and Current Situation in the Federation of BiH.","authors":"Aida Ramic-Catak, Senka Mesihović-Dinarevic, Besim Prnjavorac","doi":"10.5455/msm.2023.35.88-93","DOIUrl":"10.5455/msm.2023.35.88-93","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>CVD remains a leading cause of death in Europe and worldwide accounting for 3.9 million deaths each year in Europe alone. Even with well-known risk factors and the current standards of health care, improvement of health and quality of life of CVD patients are still remains one of the biggest public health challenges we must overcome.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this narrative review is to provide a brief overview of the recent and relevant documents of good practice in prevention, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of Cardiovascular diseases that should be consider as milestones for the health authorities in the Federation of BiH. Cardiovascular diseases stil represent a worldwide public health problem, with some new dimensions caused by challenges caused through pandemic of COVID-19. The wellknown cardiovascular risk factors require new and more efficient public health approaches to the prevention and control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Due to the recently developed cardiovascular guidelines that were made by the European Society of Cardiology and World Heart Federation, key priority for health authorities should be is to update the existing CVD guidelines in the Federation of BiH in accordance with the international good practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"43 1","pages":"88-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10495152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81392397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-14DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2022.2164160
Imad Kotba, S. El kinany, A. Bouaichi, E. Achbani, A. Ouazzani Touhami, A. Douira
Abstract In this work, we aimed to develop an ecofriendly strategy to manage the R. solani damping-off incidence of Moroccan strains. After the assessment of damping-off incidence on different crops, a greenhouse experiments were carried out to assess the efficiency of chemical and biological agents on plant growth and damping-off control. Results revealed that R. solani MN191236 strain was the most virulent as it dramatically increased severity indexes and reduced root length and pods number by 23% and 58% respectively. On R. solani-infested bean seedlings, Trichoderma asperellum increased pods number by 169% and reduce the severity index up to 1.33. However, the Tolclofos-methyl and the hypovirulent F. oxysporum strain came in second place. The efficiency of chemical or biological agents was significantly related to the interaction ‘pathogenic strains*fungicide or biological agents’. These results are promising in term of integrally and eco-friendly management of R. solani damping-off.
{"title":"Pathogenicity study of Rhizoctonia solani and its integrated management on different crop species in Morocco","authors":"Imad Kotba, S. El kinany, A. Bouaichi, E. Achbani, A. Ouazzani Touhami, A. Douira","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2022.2164160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2022.2164160","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this work, we aimed to develop an ecofriendly strategy to manage the R. solani damping-off incidence of Moroccan strains. After the assessment of damping-off incidence on different crops, a greenhouse experiments were carried out to assess the efficiency of chemical and biological agents on plant growth and damping-off control. Results revealed that R. solani MN191236 strain was the most virulent as it dramatically increased severity indexes and reduced root length and pods number by 23% and 58% respectively. On R. solani-infested bean seedlings, Trichoderma asperellum increased pods number by 169% and reduce the severity index up to 1.33. However, the Tolclofos-methyl and the hypovirulent F. oxysporum strain came in second place. The efficiency of chemical or biological agents was significantly related to the interaction ‘pathogenic strains*fungicide or biological agents’. These results are promising in term of integrally and eco-friendly management of R. solani damping-off.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"55 1","pages":"2301 - 2316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44574321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-14DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2023.2166379
Mustapha Cherrate, G. Echchgadda, S. Amiri, S. Ezrari, N. Radouane, Yassine Oulad El Majdoub, Hajar El Hamss, Abdellah Maissour, K. Makroum, F. Cacciola, R. Lahlali
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of the aqueous extracts of two wild Lamiaceae species against P. expansum and B. cinerea and the impact of these treatments on fruit quality parameters. The in vitro results showed significant effect of the two aqueous extracts on both fungi mycelial growth. A. alpinus exhibited high antifungal efficacy against P. expansum with an inhibition rate ranging from 34.32 to 90.76% whereas T. vulgaris exhibit an inhibition rate against B. cinerea ranging from 61.87 to 97.94%. These results indicated that A. alpinus and T. vulgaris were extremely potent against both pathogens with an EC50 ranging from 0.82 to 2.39%. The in vivo experiments on apple fruit were very promising with an approximate efficacy varying from 64 to 79% with no impacts on fruit quality parameters. These results provide evidence that both plant species are an effective alternative to control postharvest diseases of fruit.
{"title":"Biological control of major postharvest fungal diseases of apple using two Lamiaceae extracts","authors":"Mustapha Cherrate, G. Echchgadda, S. Amiri, S. Ezrari, N. Radouane, Yassine Oulad El Majdoub, Hajar El Hamss, Abdellah Maissour, K. Makroum, F. Cacciola, R. Lahlali","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2023.2166379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2023.2166379","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of the aqueous extracts of two wild Lamiaceae species against P. expansum and B. cinerea and the impact of these treatments on fruit quality parameters. The in vitro results showed significant effect of the two aqueous extracts on both fungi mycelial growth. A. alpinus exhibited high antifungal efficacy against P. expansum with an inhibition rate ranging from 34.32 to 90.76% whereas T. vulgaris exhibit an inhibition rate against B. cinerea ranging from 61.87 to 97.94%. These results indicated that A. alpinus and T. vulgaris were extremely potent against both pathogens with an EC50 ranging from 0.82 to 2.39%. The in vivo experiments on apple fruit were very promising with an approximate efficacy varying from 64 to 79% with no impacts on fruit quality parameters. These results provide evidence that both plant species are an effective alternative to control postharvest diseases of fruit.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"55 1","pages":"2356 - 2381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42287636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-14DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2023.2168173
Goytom Berihun, K. Alemu
Abstract Ethiopia is believed to be the center of origin of Arabica coffee which accounts for nearly two-thirds of the world coffee market. The country ranks fifth in the world coffee production and nearly 15 million people support their livelihood in the coffee sector. However, coffee is prone to several diseases that attack its different parts and reduce its yield. Coffee leaf rust (CLR) disease which was considered a negligible disease is now becoming a major threat to coffee production in Ethiopia. A recent study indicates an upsurge in disease with an average incidence of CLR is 35.3%. Moreover, the disease spread to mid and highland coffee-growing areas, which were previously limited to lowland areas. Several disease management strategies have been implemented to manage the disease including cultural control, the use of biocontrol agents and host resistance. Moreover, the availability of wide germplasm for the selection of CLR disease resistance was reported in Ethiopia. However, only a few varieties were released for lowland coffee production system 30 years ago. This review discusses the status of CLR disease in Ethiopia. It also focuses on the impact of climate change on CLR epidemics and suggests possible schemes and strategies for managing the disease.
{"title":"Status of coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) and its management in Ethiopia: a review","authors":"Goytom Berihun, K. Alemu","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2023.2168173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2023.2168173","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ethiopia is believed to be the center of origin of Arabica coffee which accounts for nearly two-thirds of the world coffee market. The country ranks fifth in the world coffee production and nearly 15 million people support their livelihood in the coffee sector. However, coffee is prone to several diseases that attack its different parts and reduce its yield. Coffee leaf rust (CLR) disease which was considered a negligible disease is now becoming a major threat to coffee production in Ethiopia. A recent study indicates an upsurge in disease with an average incidence of CLR is 35.3%. Moreover, the disease spread to mid and highland coffee-growing areas, which were previously limited to lowland areas. Several disease management strategies have been implemented to manage the disease including cultural control, the use of biocontrol agents and host resistance. Moreover, the availability of wide germplasm for the selection of CLR disease resistance was reported in Ethiopia. However, only a few varieties were released for lowland coffee production system 30 years ago. This review discusses the status of CLR disease in Ethiopia. It also focuses on the impact of climate change on CLR epidemics and suggests possible schemes and strategies for managing the disease.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"55 1","pages":"2283 - 2300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43285643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-14DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2023.2166382
Metiku Kebede, E. Shikur, Fikre Handaro
Abstract Field trials were conducted to evaluate wheat varieties and fungicides against yellow rust of wheat. Four wheat varieties (Digalu, Hidase, Danda’a, Honkolo) and two fungicides (Nativo SC 300, Tilt 250EC) were tested at two hotspot areas (Albazar and Alicho) of Southern Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement with three replications. Nativo SC 300 resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) grain yield increment of 51%, 178.4% and 528.5% at Albazar and 85%, 206.1% and 586.2% at Alicho on the treated plot of Danda’a, Hidase and Digalu, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between disease parameters and grain yield. Based on cost-benefit analysis, application of fungicides was cost effective in controlling the disease. The resistant variety Honkolo and Nativo SC 300 can be used for management of yellow rust and improve yield of wheat. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Effect of yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) and its management on yield and yield components of bread wheat","authors":"Metiku Kebede, E. Shikur, Fikre Handaro","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2023.2166382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2023.2166382","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Field trials were conducted to evaluate wheat varieties and fungicides against yellow rust of wheat. Four wheat varieties (Digalu, Hidase, Danda’a, Honkolo) and two fungicides (Nativo SC 300, Tilt 250EC) were tested at two hotspot areas (Albazar and Alicho) of Southern Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement with three replications. Nativo SC 300 resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) grain yield increment of 51%, 178.4% and 528.5% at Albazar and 85%, 206.1% and 586.2% at Alicho on the treated plot of Danda’a, Hidase and Digalu, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between disease parameters and grain yield. Based on cost-benefit analysis, application of fungicides was cost effective in controlling the disease. The resistant variety Honkolo and Nativo SC 300 can be used for management of yellow rust and improve yield of wheat. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"55 1","pages":"2382 - 2404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47019105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-14DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2022.2164161
H. Mekonnen, M. Kibret, F. Assefa
Abstract Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is the most serious and common disease that affects tomatoes globally. Tomato bacterial wilt is among the worst and most prevalent diseases in Ethiopia. It causes substantial tomato production losses in various parts of the country. The purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize Ralstonia solanacearum causing wilt disease in tomato. Ralstonia solanacearum isolates were isolated from wilted tomato stem samples using Casamino Acid Peptone Glucose Agar (CPG) plates and incubated at 28 ± 2 °C for 48 h. Bacterial colonies showing big, irregular smooth, and cream-white, were considered presumptive Ralstonia solanacearum isolates. Morphological, biochemical, and pathological characterization were used for identification of the bacterium. Biovar identification was determined based on the utilization of carbohydrates. A total of 76 Ralstonia solanacearum isolates were screened and identified as Ralstonia solanacearum. Out of all the isolates, 28.9% of the isolates were isolated from Mecha, followed by Fogera (27.6%), Dera (23.7%), and Bahir Dar Zuria (19.7%) districts. The pathogenicity test results also revealed that all Ralstonia solanacearum isolates tested caused wilt symptoms in tomato plants and had varying levels of virulence on tomato plants, ranging from highly virulent (G1B1, G2M2, G3H1, and G4F3 isolates) to moderately virulent (G1B1, G2M1, G2M3, G3H2, G4F1, and G4F2 isolates). Besides, 48 Ralstonia solanacearum isolates were identified as Biovar II, and 28 Ralstonia solanacearum isolates were identified as biovar III. The overall findings of this study could provide valuable information for integrated tomato bacterial wilt disease management. The molecular characterization should be carried out on Ralstonia solanacearum in different host ranges.
摘要青枯病是影响番茄生长的最严重、最常见的病害。番茄青萎病是埃塞俄比亚最严重和最普遍的疾病之一。它在全国各地造成了番茄产量的巨大损失。本研究的目的是分离和鉴定引起番茄枯萎病的青枯菌。使用Casamino Acid Peptone Glucose Agar（CPG）平板从枯萎的番茄茎样品中分离青枯菌分离株，并在28 ± 2. °C 48 h.菌落大，不规则光滑，乳白色，被认为是青枯菌的推定分离株。形态学、生物化学和病理学特征用于鉴定该细菌。生物变异株的鉴定是基于碳水化合物的利用来确定的。共筛选出76株青枯菌，鉴定为青枯菌。在所有分离株中，28.9%的分离株是从Mecha分离的，其次是Fogera（27.6%）、Dera（23.7%）和Bahir Dar Zuria（19.7%）地区。致病性测试结果还显示，所有测试的青枯菌分离株都会在番茄植株中引起枯萎症状，并且对番茄植株具有不同程度的毒力，从高毒力（G1B1、G2M2、G3H1和G4F3分离株）到中等毒力（G1B1G2M1、G2M3、G3H2、G4F1和G4F2分离株）。此外，48个青枯菌分离株被鉴定为Biovar II，28个青枯菌株被鉴定为Biovar III。本研究的总体结果可为番茄青萎病的综合治理提供有价值的信息。应在不同寄主范围内对青枯菌进行分子鉴定。
{"title":"Isolation and characterization of Ralstonia solanacearum causing wilt disease in tomato","authors":"H. Mekonnen, M. Kibret, F. Assefa","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2022.2164161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2022.2164161","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is the most serious and common disease that affects tomatoes globally. Tomato bacterial wilt is among the worst and most prevalent diseases in Ethiopia. It causes substantial tomato production losses in various parts of the country. The purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize Ralstonia solanacearum causing wilt disease in tomato. Ralstonia solanacearum isolates were isolated from wilted tomato stem samples using Casamino Acid Peptone Glucose Agar (CPG) plates and incubated at 28 ± 2 °C for 48 h. Bacterial colonies showing big, irregular smooth, and cream-white, were considered presumptive Ralstonia solanacearum isolates. Morphological, biochemical, and pathological characterization were used for identification of the bacterium. Biovar identification was determined based on the utilization of carbohydrates. A total of 76 Ralstonia solanacearum isolates were screened and identified as Ralstonia solanacearum. Out of all the isolates, 28.9% of the isolates were isolated from Mecha, followed by Fogera (27.6%), Dera (23.7%), and Bahir Dar Zuria (19.7%) districts. The pathogenicity test results also revealed that all Ralstonia solanacearum isolates tested caused wilt symptoms in tomato plants and had varying levels of virulence on tomato plants, ranging from highly virulent (G1B1, G2M2, G3H1, and G4F3 isolates) to moderately virulent (G1B1, G2M1, G2M3, G3H2, G4F1, and G4F2 isolates). Besides, 48 Ralstonia solanacearum isolates were identified as Biovar II, and 28 Ralstonia solanacearum isolates were identified as biovar III. The overall findings of this study could provide valuable information for integrated tomato bacterial wilt disease management. The molecular characterization should be carried out on Ralstonia solanacearum in different host ranges.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"55 1","pages":"2317 - 2333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46347766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-26DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2022.2156029
Geraldin M. W. Lengai, J. Muthomi, E. Mbega, X. Cheseto
Abstract Late blight of tomato, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is responsible for massive losses in yield of open field-grown tomato and is managed by use of synthetic fungicides. The rising demand for food safety calls for alternative yet effective crop protection products. Using a bioassay-guided approach the antifungal properties of ethanolic extracts of seven spices was evaluated and the constituents of the most inhibitory fraction determined using coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clove extract was the most active and inhibited (100%) growth of P. infestans followed by black pepper (91%) turmeric (87%) and ginger (85%). The hexane fraction of clove extract equally inhibited growth of P. infestans 100%. The spice extracts reduced severity of late blight by between 29% and 40% with black pepper being the most efficacious under field conditions. These findings show the fungicidal potential of selected spices for the management of late blight of tomato.
{"title":"In vitro and field evaluation of selected spices as botanical fungicide for management of Phytophthora infestans, causative agent for late blight in tomato","authors":"Geraldin M. W. Lengai, J. Muthomi, E. Mbega, X. Cheseto","doi":"10.1080/03235408.2022.2156029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2022.2156029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Late blight of tomato, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is responsible for massive losses in yield of open field-grown tomato and is managed by use of synthetic fungicides. The rising demand for food safety calls for alternative yet effective crop protection products. Using a bioassay-guided approach the antifungal properties of ethanolic extracts of seven spices was evaluated and the constituents of the most inhibitory fraction determined using coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clove extract was the most active and inhibited (100%) growth of P. infestans followed by black pepper (91%) turmeric (87%) and ginger (85%). The hexane fraction of clove extract equally inhibited growth of P. infestans 100%. The spice extracts reduced severity of late blight by between 29% and 40% with black pepper being the most efficacious under field conditions. These findings show the fungicidal potential of selected spices for the management of late blight of tomato.","PeriodicalId":8323,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","volume":"55 1","pages":"2177 - 2199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45505543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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