Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献

This study investigated the anti-atherogenic effects of Plectranthus glandulosus leaves aqueous, hydro-ethanolic extracts, and ethyl acetate fraction at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg for 21 d. As results, at the dose of 400 mg/kg, the ethyl acetate fraction significantly (p < .001) decreased the level of total cholesterol (112.52 ± 1.21 mg/dL), triglyceride (76.47 ± 0.97 mg/dL), and LDL-C (22.01 ± 2.92 mg/dL). Whereas, a significant (p < .001) increase was observed in the level of HDL-C (74.97 ± 1.99 mg/dL). Moreover, the atherogenic index significantly (p < .001) decreased (0.008 ± 0.00 mg/dL), while the percentage of atherogenic protection increased (99.13 ± 0.78%). The activity of antioxidant enzymes increased significantly (p < .001), while malondialdehyde concentration decreased. The thickening of aorta media (67.27 ± 7.15 µm) was also attenuated significantly (p < .001). Thus, our finding supports the use of Plectranthus glandulosus for future atherosclerosis drug discovery.

Background: Obesity is an increased condition arising from the combination of two factors genetic and environmental. The genetic predisposition has been shown to contribute substantially to the development of obesity.

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the association of the rs1801133 SNP and trace elements in a cohort of obese patients.

Methods: This case-control study looked at a total of 104 university students, 51 individuals with obesity, and 53 individuals as controls. Biochemical measurements by the colorimetric method include zinc and copper. Genetic analysis by the tetra primers ARMS-PCR was used for genotyping the rs180113 SNP in the MTHFR gene.

Results: Serum zinc levels were significantly higher in the obese group compared to the non-obese group (145.1 ± 24.89 ug/dl vs. 114.8 ± 29.44 ug/dl, p = 0.0133), while copper levels showed no significant difference. Genotyping revealed the rs1801133 polymorphism in the MTHFR gene is significantly associated with obesity, with the A allele more frequent in obese individuals (39.6% vs. 14.5%, p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Zn and rs1801133 are associated with obesity, the A allele of rs1801133 SNP and the significant associations observed in different genetic models highlight the potential of this polymorphism as a genetic marker for obesity risk.

Background: Herbacetin, a flavonoid present in many types of herbs, which include linaceae, ephedraceae, and crassulaceae, exhibits a range of medicinal properties. 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺) is one of the neurotoxins used in cell-based Parkinson's disease (PI) models. Whereas the precise chemical mechanism of iron association with free radical cell damage and apoptosis is yet unknown, intracellular irons are a key factor for MPP⁺-derived apoptosis.

Methods: We examine whether the antiapoptotic properties of flaxseed bioflavonoid herbacetin (HB) are associated with the stimulation of the intrinsic caspase-dependent pathway and exposing of MPP⁺ caused neuronal death in the human dopaminergic neuroblastoma cells. Four groups were created out of the cells. Groups I, II, III, and IV are the control, HB+MPP⁺, MPP⁺, and HB, respectively. Following a 24-hour incubation period, the cells were subjected to several parameters.

Results: We discovered in neuroblastoma cells that HB dramatically reduced the cell death induced by MPP⁺. Additionally, HB significantly reduced the formation of ROS and counteracted the reduction in MMP resulting from MPP⁺ treatment. HB reduces the stimulation of the intrinsic caspase-dependent apoptotic mechanism and suppresses the MPP⁺-mediated apoptotic signalling pathway. Furthermore, HB predicted a better binding interaction with alpha-synuclein and drastically decreased alpha-synuclein expression and accumulation in neuroblastoma cells.

Conclusion: Consequently, our findings imply that HB shields neurons by reducing oxidative stress, alpha-synuclein misfolding in neuroblastoma, and apoptosis prompts the death of neuroblastoma cells.

Objective: This study investigates the in-vitro and in-vivo antioxidant capacities showed by Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees. (P. thyrsiflorus) in alloxan-administered diabetic mice.

Materials and methods: The screening of phytochemical of methanolic flower extract (MFE), Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling was utilized to identify bioactive compounds. In-vitro antioxidant studies were performed. Acute toxicity was evaluated in mice. Glucose Transporter type 4 (GLUT4) protein expression and antioxidant enzyme activities were assessed. Histopathological examination of heart tissue was performed.

Results: GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds consisting of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities. The results also showed a noteworthy increase in in-vitro and in-vivo antioxidant enzymes activities. Moreover, MFE suppress hyperglycaemia by upregulating GLUT4 protein expression. In histological study MFE was found to restore cellular alterations in diabetic tissue.

Discussion and conclusion: It is inferred from the study that MFE of P. thyrsiflorus can exert a protective effect by suppressing hyperglycaemia and modulating oxidative stress in alloxan-administered diabetic mice.

Background: This study investigates Berberine's (BBR) impact on metabolic and bone changes in ovariectomized rats, a model for postmenopausal conditions.

Methods: Sixty adult female rats divided into six groups: control, sham ovariectomized, ovariectomized, and three BBR treated ovariectomized groups (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day, for eight weeks). Measurements included serum oestradiol, glucose, HOMA-IR, lipid profile, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), oxidative stress markers, osteocalcin (OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cross-linked Carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), and bone tissue analysis.

Results: Ovariectomized rats exhibited significant metabolic and bone deterioration, such as increased glucose, insulin, HOMA IR, total cholestrol (TC), LDL-C, TNF-α, OC, ALP, CTX-I, and MDA levels, alongside decreased oestradiol, HDL-C, and GSH levels, and DNA fragmentation (P < 0.001). BBR treatment showed dose-dependent improvements in all parameters.

Conclusion: BBR demonstrates significant ameliorative effects on metabolic and bone health in ovariectomized rats, highlighting its potential therapeutic benefits for postmenopausal conditions.

Objective: Maximum-voluntary-ventilation (MVV) is the maximal volume of which an individual can move by voluntary effort in one minute. It is possible that the first second forced-expiratory-volume (FEV₁) could be more to reliable assess respiratory muscle endurance to estimate MVV.

Methods: For this aim, 422 athletes (Age 22.9 ± 8.5 years; 98/324 - females/males) were performed a MVV, and FEV₁ measurements.

Results: The coefficient of determination was R² = 0.594 between MVV and FEV₁, with a predictive equation for overall participants: MVV = (FEV₁ × 33.5)+12.7. The robust regression showed a good multiple correlation coefficient (R = 0.815) with the coefficient of determination R² = 0.661 for the model including FEV₁, age and gender as predictors. These equations MVV = (FEV₁ X 27.3)+(Age(y) × 1.1)+20.5 and MVV = (FEV₁ × 27.3)+(Age(y) × 1.1) were derived for male and female, respectively.

Conclusion: FEV₁ can predict MVV in different athletes with greater accuracy when stratified per gender. Therefore, this new approach can be used in a short all-out test without stress of the respiratory muscle to predict MVV in athletes.

Objective: This study investigated bee bread's (BB) protective and therapeutic effects on acetic acid-(AA)-induced gastric ulcers via oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, and apoptosis.

Materials and methods: Rats were administered saline-(1ml) or BB-(0.5g/kg/day;1ml) by oral gavage once daily for 10-day following 80% AA-induced chronic ulceration in treatment group. Pretreatment group received saline or BB for 10-day before and 3-day after ulcer induction. Stomachs of decapitated rats were collected for ulcer index, histological and biochemical analyses.

Results: BB significantly reduced the gastric ulcer index and levels of chemiluminescence, HMGB-1, IL-6, IL-1ß and IL-8 levels in pretreatment and treatment groups. In BB-pretreated ulcer group, MPO-(salineBB, 39.9±3.7 U/g;22.2±2.2 U/g), caspase-3 (0.40±0.07 ng/g;0.18±0.01 ng/g) and IFN-γ (15.46±1.76;9.51±1.95 ng/g) levels decreased and TNF-α (31.77±5.13;18.94±2.59 ng/g) reduced only in BB-treated ulcer group. MDA, GSH, NRF-2, and 8-OHdG levels remained unchanged.

Conclusion: BB has demonstrated protective and therapeutic effects by reducing ROS production, modulating inflammation and apoptosis.

Background: The present study conducted to assess whether vitamin D₃ (Vit D) could ameliorate the anxiety and depression induced by nicotine (Nic) withdrawal in male adult rats.

Methods: To this end, behavioural tests were done in male Wistar rats undergone adolescent Nic exposure (2 mg/kg) and then withdrawal and the effect of Vit D (100, 1000, and 10,000 IU/kg) was assessed at both behavioural and biochemical levels.

Results: Results indicated that Vit D treatment could effectively prevent anxiety, depression, and biochemical alterations induced by Nic withdrawal.

Conclusion: Vit D has strong potential to be used for prevention of anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours following Nic withdrawal; however, further investigation is needed in larger sample size to discuss more confidently.

Introduction: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a global health concern characterised by cardiometabolic risk factors, dysregulated adipokine signalling and inflammation. The study aimed to assess the serum levels of omentin and visfatin in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Methods: The 84-subject hospital-based case-control study included 18-55 years, both genders. Anthropometry, medical history, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid profile, and HOMA-IR were collected. Insulin, omentin, and visfatin were measured using ELISA.

Results: Omentin and visfatin levels significantly differed between groups (p < 0.05). The median omentin levels were 50.74 and 45.25; visfatin levels were 0.064 and 0.001, respectively. Omentin correlated with waist circumference, blood pressure, and FPG in controls, while visfatin correlated with HDL and BMI among cases (p < 0.05). Omentin and visfatin were elevated in cases. However, no significant correlation between omentin and visfatin with lipid parameters could be established.

Conclusion: Omentin and visfatin levels varied significantly between metabolic syndrome and controls; their correlation with MetS criteria was not significant.

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of cinnamon and statins on the renal and liver functions of gentamicin-received rats.

Methods: Forty male albino rats were recruited into 4 groups (10 rat each) for a 21-day period by gavage treatment. The control group 1 was given nothing but 0.5 ml normal saline, and others injected with a dose of 100 mg/kg of Gentamicin intraperitoneally for one week before treatment. Group 2 received Gentamicin alone, Group 3 received an aqueous extract of cinnamon, and Group 4 treated with a statin medication.

Results: Gentamicin-treated group compared to other groups showed a significant increase in lever and kidney enzymes. The group treated with cinnamon or statin revealed noticeable positive effects on these markers, whereas statin showed decrease in Alanine Aminotransferase ALT levels.

Conclusion: Parameters of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin were significantly reserved by cinnamon or statin, statin less effective.