Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献

The consumption of açaí has been shown to be beneficial to health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of juçara açai (JU, Euterpe edulis Martius) administration before gestation on the biometric, metabolic, and oxidative status in pregnant rats of advanced maternal age. Healthy female Wistar rats were treated with JU pulp via gavage from postnatal day 168 to 210. After treatment, the rats were mated, and during the 20 days of pregnancy, they were evaluated for body weight (BW), glucose tolerance, adipose tissue and liver weight, the lipid profile, and hepatic oxidative status. At birth, the offspring were weighed and counted. It was observed that JU reduced just maternal glycaemia. The maternal preconceptional treatment did not affect offspring BW. These results suggest that JU could be a safe nutritional intervention during the preconception period in advanced maternal age.

Introduction: Heptaminol (HEP) is widely used and characterized by liver and cardiac risk factors, dysregulated prooxidant-antioxidant balance, and inflammation. This study aimed to study the phytochemical composition of date seeds of Phoenix dactylifera (DSPE) by GC-MS analysis and to assess the in vitro antioxidant, anticoagulant and ACE activities.

Methods: The hepato and cardiotoprotective effect against HEP-induced toxicity in rats have been assessed using biochemical, histological and computational assays.

Results: HEP increased the body weight, associated significant increases in total cholesterol, triglycerides, total and direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine kinase-MB, ACE, and troponin-T, exhibited changes in ECG pattern, including ST-segment elevation, and increased rate of TBARS with decreases in the antioxidant enzymatic. DSPE improved these biomarkers alterations through anti-oxidative and anti-coagulant activities, which were confirmed by histopathological examinations. The computational findings supported the in vivo results and showed that DSPE compounds bound Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF-1α) and Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF1) with acceptable affinities and molecular interactions.

Conclusion: DSPE had hepato and cardioprotective effects against HEP-induced heart and liver injuries. DSPE can be used to prevent acute thrombosis due to its different bioactive compounds.

Traditional cancer diagnosis methods include imaging examinations, biopsy, etc., but these methods are often invasive, time-consuming, and costly. This study aims to explore the application effect of infra-red thermography technology in cancer diagnosis and analyse the coping experience of primary caregivers during patient diagnosis and treatment. The data collection methods include semi-structured interviews, observations, and questionnaire surveys. The research results show that infra-red thermography technology has high sensitivity and specificity in cancer diagnosis, which can assist doctors in detecting early signs of tumours. Therefore, cancer diagnosis technology based on infra-red thermography has shown great potential in early detection and is expected to become a beneficial supplement to traditional diagnostic methods. At the same time, caregivers' coping experiences during cancer diagnosis and treatment are complex and diverse, requiring the healthcare system to provide more support and resources to help them better adapt and cope.

Background: The cardioprotective properties of resistance training (RT) in infarcted rats have been poorly investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of eight weeks of RT prior myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Method: Groups: SSh: sedentary sham surgery; SMI: sedentary MI; TMI: trained MI. At the end of the eighth week, the animals underwent either MI or sham surgery and were analysed four weeks later. Results: The TMI presented MI sizes, scar areas, masses of the atria, right ventricle, heart, left atrial area, E wave, and E/A ratio, smaller than the SMI. The protein expression related to Ca²⁺ handling were not affected by the RE. The maximal load (ML) of the TMI was greater than that of the SMI group. The VO₂ peak and maximum speed (Vmax) were lower in the infarcted groups. Conclusion: Prior RT confers cardioprotection against cardiac remodelling by attenuating infarct size progression, myocardial hypertrophy, and diastolic dysfunction.

Lipoprotein metabolic regulation plays a vital role in human health and disease, with its abnormalities closely associated with the onset and progression of various disorders. In cases of lymphadenopathy, this study aimed to develop a linear model based on multimodal ultrasound parameters and lipoprotein metabolic regulation, predicting changes in intraluminal and perilymphatic tissue stiffness during cervical lymphadenopathy to provide clinical guidance for assessing lymph node characteristics. All patients underwent multimodal ultrasound examinations including conventional 2D ultrasound, colour Doppler ultrasound, and elastography. The linear model developed based on these factors demonstrated high predictive power, indicating that changes in lipoprotein metabolism are closely linked to the pathophysiological processes of lymph nodes. In lymphadenopathy, lipoprotein metabolic regulation affects local inflammatory responses and extracellular matrix remodelling, thereby influencing lymph node stiffness and function. Additionally, lipoprotein regulation indirectly impacts lymph node hardness by modulating angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodelling.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent and fatal malignancy worldwide. Despite advancements in early screening techniques and treatments, the prognosis for patients remains suboptimal. Studies have shown that metal ions play crucial roles in the occurrence, progression, and treatment of CRC.

Method: Regulating the concentrations of specific metal ions within tumour cells can promote cancer cell death and increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.

Results: This article reviews the relationships between metal ions such as iron, copper, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc and CRC, summarising recent research progress from mechanistic studies to clinical applications. Magnesium ions inhibit CRC development and metastasis by regulating various signalling pathways can either promote or inhibit tumour-associated gene expression.

Conclusion: Therefore, modulating the concentrations of relevant metal ions within tumour cells could be a potential therapeutic direction for CRC, providing new theoretical foundations and strategies for clinical treatment.

Background: Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), a common complication following stroke, significantly impacts patients' quality of life and prognosis. Research indicates that neuroregulation and protein metabolic disorders play crucial roles in the development of PSCI.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of the Regional Meningoarterial Score (rLMC) in determining collateral circulation status in acute ischaemic stroke patients.

Method: Participants were selected based on specific criteria including MRI-detected recent cerebral infarction, absence of prior large-scale subcortical infarction or haemorrhage, and no history of Alzheimer's disease or cognitive impairment.

Results: The results showed that cognitive impairment group (CI group) exhibited significantly lower serum acetylcholine levels compared to normal control group (CN group), while β-amyloid protein levels were markedly higher. CI group also demonstrated reduced expression of neuroregulatory factors.

Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that neuroregulatory factors and protein metabolites can serve as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and intervention, effectively predicting post-stroke cognitive impairment.

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is an environmental pollutant that causes hepatic injury. The antioxidant activity of vildagliptin is confirmed. The present study investigated the protective effect of Vildagliptin against BPA-induced hepatotoxicity. Twenty four rats were divided randomly into 4 groups (6 rats/group): A control group, BPA group, BPA + Vildagliptin group and Vildagliptin group. All rats, except the controls were orally administered 30 mg/kg body weight BPA and/or 10 mg/kg Vildagliptin. AST, ALT, Triglycerides and albumin were measured in the serum. MDA, GPX, XBP1, Caspase 3 and BCL2 were measured in liver tissues. BPA group showed a significant decrease of albumin and GPX and a significant increase of triglycerides, AST, ALT and MDA. BPA caused up regulation of caspase3 and XBP1 while caused down regulation of BCL2. The co-administration of Vildagliptin reversed these hazards. The results of this study established the protective effect of Vildagliptin against BPA induced liver dysfunction.

Introduction: Renal fibrosis is a significant factor in the progression of chronic kidney disease. This study examined how menthol affects thioacetamide (TA)-induced biochemical, molecular, and histopathological damage that leads to renal fibrosis and dysfunction.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were treated with TA (200 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) twice a week for four consecutive weeks, along with menthol (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) for the same duration.

Results: Menthol effectively reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidneys of rats treated with TA. It also lowered the expression of TGF-β1, SMAD3, α-SMA, and KIM-1. Furthermore, menthol prevented the decline in SIRT1 mRNA expression and protein levels while increasing the expression of Nrf2. It inhibited collagen deposition and histological damage in the kidneys and prevented the rise in serum creatinine and BUN levels.

Conclusion: Menthol provides protective effects against renal fibrosis induced by thioacetamide. Its antifibrotic effects are mediated by upregulating SIRT1/Nrf2 and downregulating TGF-β1/Smad3 pathways.

Exercise and fasting, by activating hypothalamic neurons, lead to appetite regulation, increased energy efficiency, increased brown fat cells, and weight loss. Additionally, fasting and exercise affect brain plasticity and cognitive function by reducing oxidative brain damage and increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), potentially reducing the risk of neurological diseases. In humans, these lifestyle interventions can also modulate autophagy and apoptosis in lymphocytes, especially natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, and B cells, which play an important role in fighting cancer and virus-infected cells. Fasting and exercise increase the concentration of autophagic monocytes, enhance killer T lymphocytes, strengthen the immune system, and delay cancer progression. Fasting and exercise can improve metabolic and inflammatory parameters through immune-related molecules, reducing systemic inflammation. Furthermore, they are associated with changes in the composition and function of gastrointestinal microbes, including an increase in beneficial microbes and a decrease in pathogenic bacteria, along with intestinal epithelial integrity.