Aquaculture最新文献_第10页

Vertical transmission of core microbiota from maternal tissues to early developmental stages in the golden cuttlefish Sepia esculenta 金墨鱼核心微生物群从母体组织向发育早期的垂直传播

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2026.743674

Juanwen Yu , Siqing Chen , Tianshi Zhang , Jinchao Zhu , Qing Chang , Li Bian

Microbiota play critical roles in the early development and health of marine invertebrates, yet microbial transmission and assembly across life stages remain poorly understood in cephalopods. The golden cuttlefish (Sepia esculenta), an important cephalopod in East Asia, suffers high larval mortality, potentially linked to microbiome instability. Here, we investigated vertical microbial transmission, stage-specific microbial succession, and functional roles of core microbiota during early development of S. esculenta. Using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and culture-based methods, we profiled the microbiota across maternal tissues, as well as embryonic stages and post-hatching larvae (n = 79). Two vertically transmitted core genera, Vibrio and Pseudomonas, persisted from maternal organs to offspring and met prevalence and abundance thresholds (NorCI > 0.1). Stage-specific microbial shifts were also observed, with Aureisphaera dominating early embryonic stages and Mycoplasma, Acinetobacter, and Croceibacter emerging after hatching. Functional predictions revealed enrichment of redox-related pathways in embryos and metabolism-associated functions in larvae. Source tracking demonstrated organ-specific microbial transmission, with skin microbiota and environmental inputs. Culture-based isolation successfully retrieved 176 ASVs and improved taxonomic resolution for 92% of them. Three isolates, Bacillus, Pseudoalteromonas, and Sulfitobacter spp., exhibited antagonistic activity against Vibrio tubiashii, suggesting potential probiotic applications. Overall, our results demonstrate that early-life microbiome establishment in S. esculenta involves both maternal inheritance and stage-specific acquisition, providing insights for microbiome-informed strategies to enhance larval health in cephalopod aquaculture.

微生物群在海洋无脊椎动物的早期发育和健康中起着至关重要的作用，但在头足类动物中，微生物在生命阶段的传播和组装仍然知之甚少。金墨鱼（Sepia esculenta）是东亚重要的头足类动物，其幼虫死亡率很高，可能与微生物群不稳定有关。在此，我们研究了垂直微生物传播，特定阶段的微生物演替，以及核心微生物群在肉苁蓉早期发育过程中的功能作用。利用高通量16S rRNA测序和基于培养的方法，我们分析了母体组织、胚胎阶段和孵化后的幼虫（n = 79）的微生物群。两个垂直传播的核心属，弧菌和假单胞菌，从母体器官持续到后代，并满足患病率和丰度阈值（NorCI > 0.1）。特定阶段的微生物变化也被观察到，金黄色葡萄球菌在胚胎早期占优势，支原体、不动杆菌和鳄鱼杆菌在孵化后出现。功能预测显示胚胎中氧化还原相关通路和幼虫中代谢相关功能的富集。来源追踪显示器官特异性微生物传播，与皮肤微生物群和环境输入。基于培养的分离成功地检索了176个asv，并提高了92%的分类分辨率。三种分离菌株，芽孢杆菌，假互变单胞菌和亚硫酸盐杆菌，对结核弧菌表现出拮抗活性，提示潜在的益生菌应用。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，S. esculenta早期微生物组的建立涉及母体遗传和阶段特异性获取，为提高头足类水产养殖中幼虫健康的微生物组知情策略提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Nutrient changes from aquaculture history and the environmental implications in a typical open coast of the East China Sea 东海典型开放海岸水产养殖历史营养物变化及其环境意义

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2026.743665

Longqiang Peng , Bing Deng , Guosen Zhang , Zhuoyi Zhu , Xin Sun , Zengjie Jiang , Jinzhou Du , Chengxu Zhou , Yuanyuan Chen , Yufeng Chen , Lijun Hou , Jing Zhang

Nutrient changes derived from high-resolution sediment records along a typical open coast of the East China Sea were analyzed to assess environmental variations associated with aquaculture practices over recent decades. Biogenic components and stable isotopes significantly fluctuated in the sediment profiles, suggesting substantial environmental changes since the 1930s. Slight increases in total nutrient contents and carbon stable isotopes (δ¹³C_org) were observed from the 1930s to the 1970s, likely due to increasing terrestrial nutrient inputs resulting from population growth within river watersheds. From the 1970s to the 1980s, δ¹⁵N values slightly decreased, suggesting an influx of anthropogenic nutrients primarily originating from chemical fertilizers. A minor decline was observed in total nitrogen and organic phosphorus, as well as total organic carbon contents during this period, coinciding with the expansion of kelp (Saccharina japonica) cultivation. Since the 1990s, nitrogen and phosphorus have substantially increased by over 31% and 22%, respectively, along with a notable shift toward heavier δ¹⁵N values attributed to feed inputs. Additionally, fluctuations in δ¹³C_org indicate that feed-based aquaculture has profoundly altered both nutrient structure and composition along the Lianjiang coast. The annual nitrogen and phosphorus loadings absorbed by aquaculture were calculated to be approximately 14,592 ± 3812 and 1848 ± 762 t in 2020, respectively. Meanwhile, annual nitrogen and phosphorus discharges from feed-based farming amounted to approximately 17,038 ± 4465 t and 3343 ± 612 t, respectively. Nevertheless, the net N loadings from aquaculture in Lianjiang were one order of magnitude lower than those for discharge or absorption. Kelp accounted for over 86% of nutrient removal in Lianjiang, despite its cultivation period lasting only 4–6 months each year. This suggests that significant net absorption occurs during the kelp cultivation season, which mitigates nutrient loads from adjacent coastal regions. Conversely, during non-cultivation seasons, prominent net discharge of nutrients was expected to affect adjacent coastal areas. Thus, seasonal variations in kelp cultivation practices appear to modify nutrient cycles in the adjacent marine environments.

分析了东海典型开放海岸高分辨率沉积物记录的营养变化，以评估近几十年来与水产养殖活动相关的环境变化。沉积物剖面的生物成因成分和稳定同位素显著波动，表明自20世纪30年代以来环境发生了重大变化。从20世纪30年代到70年代，观测到总养分含量和碳稳定同位素（δ13Corg）略有增加，这可能是由于河流流域内人口增长导致陆地养分输入增加。20世纪70年代至80年代，δ15N值略有下降，表明主要来自化肥的人为养分流入。总氮、有机磷和总有机碳含量在此期间略有下降，与海带（Saccharina japonica）种植的扩大相一致。自20世纪90年代以来，氮和磷分别大幅增加了31%和22%以上，同时由于饲料投入，δ15N值显著增加。此外，δ13Corg的波动表明，饲料型水产养殖深刻改变了连江沿岸的营养结构和组成。2020年水产养殖年氮素和磷吸收量分别约为14592±3812和1848±762 t。同时，饲料养殖年氮和磷排放量分别约为17038±4465 t和3343±612 t。然而，连江水产养殖的净氮负荷比排放或吸收的低一个数量级。尽管海带每年的养殖周期只有4-6个月，但其营养物去除率却超过86%。这表明在海带种植季节发生了显著的净吸收，从而减轻了来自邻近沿海地区的养分负荷。相反，在非耕种季节，养分净排放量预计会影响邻近的沿海地区。因此，海带种植方式的季节性变化似乎改变了邻近海洋环境中的营养循环。

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引用次数: 0

Bolstering shrimp resilience against AHPND: Biofloc reduce Vibrio parahaemolyticus population, affects microbial composition, and increase Penaeus vannamei shrimp growth and resistance 增强对虾抗AHPND的韧性：生物絮团可减少副溶血性弧菌的数量，影响微生物组成，提高凡纳滨对虾的生长和抗性

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2026.743667

Muhamad Gustilatov , Widanarni , Julie Ekasari , Pande Gde Sasmita Julyantoro , Diana Elizabeth Waturangi

The acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in the Penaeus vannamei shrimp culture causes significant losses to the aquaculture industry. This study aims to evaluate the influence of biofloc on the composition of microbiota in the shrimp rearing media and digestive tract, growth performance, and resistance of shrimp to V. parahaemolyticus challenge. Pacific white shrimp postlarvae (PL 30) with an average body weight of 0.66 ± 0.02 g were reared in 12 units of glass aquaria (water volume 22 L) at a density of 1500 m⁻³ for 28 days. The treatments tested in this study were a biofloc system with molasses addition at a C/N ratio of 10 and treatment without biofloc, and each followed by a challenge test by V. parahaemolyticus immersion at a bacterial density of 10⁵ CFU mL⁻¹ on the 15th day of culture. The results showed microbial composition of the water and shrimp gut microbiota. Biofloc treatment shows ability to reduce the relative abundance of V. parahaemolyticus in the shrimp gut despite being challenged with V. parahaemolyticus. Furthermore, biofloc significantly (p < 0.05) improved growth performance (absolute weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio), digestive enzyme activity, and increased the resistance of shrimp challenged with V. parahaemolyticus. The conclusion of this study is that biofloc can modulate the composition of water and shrimp gut microbiota while decreasing number of V. parahaemolyticus, improve growth performance, and protect shrimp from AHPND disease.

凡纳滨对虾养殖中由副溶血性弧菌感染引起的急性肝胰腺坏死病（AHPND）给水产养殖业造成重大损失。本研究旨在评价生物絮团对对虾养殖介质和消化道微生物群组成、生长性能和对虾对副溶血性弧菌抗性的影响。选用平均体重0.66±0.02 g的太平洋白对虾（PL 30），在12个单位（水量22 L）的玻璃水族箱中，以1500 m−3的密度饲养28 d。本研究中测试的处理是添加糖蜜的生物絮团体系，C/N比为10，不添加生物絮团处理，每种处理都在培养第15天以细菌密度为105 CFU mL−1的副溶血性弧菌浸泡进行攻毒试验。结果显示了水体和对虾肠道菌群的微生物组成。生物絮团处理显示，尽管受到副溶血性弧菌的攻击，但仍能降低虾肠道中副溶血性弧菌的相对丰度。此外，生物絮团显著（p < 0.05）提高了副溶血性弧菌攻毒对虾的生长性能（绝对增重、特定生长率和饲料系数）、消化酶活性，并提高了对虾的抗性。本研究的结论是，生物絮团可以调节水体和对虾肠道菌群的组成，减少副溶血性弧菌的数量，提高虾的生长性能，对AHPND具有保护作用。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing intensive culture of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in a pond-scale biofilm reactor with polypropylene-fiber brushes: Performance and microbial mechanisms 聚丙烯纤维刷强化罗氏沼虾在池级生物膜反应器中的强化培养：性能和微生物机制

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2026.743672

Junkai Lu , Xinming Gao , Lihui Zhang , Yin Chen , Zheke Cen , Danyi Shen , Yaoping Lv

The giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) is a globally important aquaculture species, yet its intensive culture is constrained by toxic inorganic nitrogen accumulation. Effective nitrogen removal is critical for sustainable, intensive aquaculture. Biofilm-based systems offer a promising solution through microbial-driven nitrogen transformation, but their application in M. rosenbergii remains limited. In this study, a novel biofilm reactor system was developed using polypropylene-fiber brush carriers to facilitate biofilm formation. Compared with conventional aquaculture practices, the brush-based biofilm system significantly improved water quality and enhanced the yield of M. rosenbergii. A robust and stable nitrifying biofilm, dominated by the genus Nitrospira, was established on the brush carriers. In addition, the three-dimensional, high-surface-area brush carriers provided abundant niches for microbial colonization, supporting efficient biofilm development and ecological stability. These findings demonstrate that the engineered biofilm reactor with brush carriers is an effective strategy to control nitrogenous pollutants and improve prawn production, providing a practical pathway toward sustainable freshwater aquaculture.

罗氏沼虾（Macrobrachium rosenbergii）是全球重要的水产养殖物种，但其集约化养殖受到有毒无机氮积累的限制。有效脱氮对可持续集约化水产养殖至关重要。基于生物膜的系统通过微生物驱动的氮转化提供了一个有前途的解决方案，但它们在罗氏m.r obergii中的应用仍然有限。在本研究中，开发了一种新型的生物膜反应器系统，采用聚丙烯纤维刷载体促进生物膜的形成。与传统养殖方式相比，刷状生物膜系统显著改善了水质，提高了罗氏沼虾产量。在毛刷载体上建立了一层以硝化螺属为主的坚固稳定的硝化生物膜。此外，三维、高表面积的刷状载体为微生物定植提供了丰富的生态位，支持了高效的生物膜发育和生态稳定性。研究结果表明，刷状载体生物膜反应器是控制含氮污染物和提高对虾产量的有效策略，为实现淡水养殖可持续发展提供了一条切实可行的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Heat stress triggers gill damage in hybrid sturgeon (A. baerii♀ × A. schrenckii♂) via synergistic effects on apoptosis, microbial dysbiosis, physical barrier dysfunction, and inflammatory response 热应激通过对细胞凋亡、微生物生态失调、物理屏障功能障碍和炎症反应的协同作用，引发杂交鲟（A. baerii♀× A. schrenckii♂）鳃损伤

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2026.743668

Shiyong Yang , Datian Li , Yuan Gao , Zhen Wei , Yinlin Xiong , Yan Liu , Shihui Yi , Xinrui Lyu , Dandan Xi , Yunkun Li , Jiayun Wu , Xiaoshuang Chen , Fushi Tang , Qi Tang , Xiaogang Du

Heat stress poses a significant threat to cold-water fish, such as sturgeon, with the gill being a primary target organ. However, the comprehensive pathological mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, the impact of heat stress (28 °C) on the gills of hybrid sturgeon (A. baerii × A. schrenckii) was investigated. Heat stress induced severe tissue damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and elevated reactive oxygen species levels. Transmission electron microscopy revealed ultrastructural alterations, including chromatin condensation, apoptotic vesicles, mitochondrial swelling, and endoplasmic reticulum dilation. Furthermore, heat stress triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress, as evidenced by the upregulation of genes in the PERK pathway (perk, eif2-α, atf4 and chop) and IRE1 pathway (ire1, xbp1 and chop) as well as the elevated expressions of hsp70, hsp90, and HSP70 protein (leading to increased apoptosis). Concurrently, the expressions of tight junction (cldn, and ocln) and osmoregulatory genes (aqp3, nhe3, and clc-2) related to the physical barrier were dysregulated under heat stress. Further, 16S rDNA sequencing revealed microbial dysbiosis, which is characterized by an increase in the abundance of potential pathogens (Rhizobiales Incertae Sedis and norank_o_PeM15) and a decrease in the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Rhodococcus erythropolis); these results correlated with the activation of genes in the inflammatory pathways (tlr1, tlr9, nod1, nod2, and nf-κb) and an increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (tnf-α, il-6, and il-8). In summary, our findings demonstrate that heat stress exacerbates gill damage in hybrid sturgeon by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis, disrupting microbial homeostasis, compromising physical barrier, and inducing intense inflammatory responses.

热应激对冷水鱼（如鲟鱼）构成了重大威胁，鳃是主要的目标器官。然而，全面的病理机制仍然知之甚少。本研究研究了热应激（28°C）对杂交鲟（baerii A. schrenckii A.）鳃部的影响。热应激导致严重的组织损伤、炎症细胞浸润和活性氧水平升高。透射电镜显示超微结构改变，包括染色质凝聚、凋亡囊泡、线粒体肿胀和内质网扩张。此外，热应激触发内质网应激，表现为PERK通路（PERK、eif2-α、atf4和chop）和IRE1通路（IRE1、xbp1和chop）基因上调，以及hsp70、hsp90和hsp70蛋白表达升高（导致凋亡增加）。同时，与物理屏障相关的紧密连接基因（cldn、ocln）和渗透调节基因（aqp3、nhe3、clc-2）在热胁迫下表达失调。此外，16S rDNA测序显示微生物生态失调，其特征是潜在病原体（Rhizobiales Incertae Sedis和norank_o_PeM15）的丰度增加，有益细菌（红红红球菌）的丰度减少；这些结果与炎症通路中基因（tlr1、tlr9、nod1、nod2和nf-κb）的激活和促炎细胞因子（tnf-α、il-6和il-8）水平的升高有关。总之，我们的研究结果表明，热应激通过促进内质网应激介导的细胞凋亡、破坏微生物稳态、破坏物理屏障和诱导强烈的炎症反应，加剧了杂交鲟的鳃损伤。

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引用次数: 0

Grafting surgery elicits systemic changes in antioxidant and immune responses in red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) 移植手术引起红鲍鱼（Haliotis rufescens）全身抗氧化和免疫反应的改变

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2026.743664

Alejandro Rojas-Figueroa , Carlos Angulo , Andrés Granados-Amores , Gabriel Correa-Reyes , Pedro E. Saucedo

Grafting surgery, a key step in pearl culture process, can trigger physiological, antioxidant, and immune responses in the host mollusk. Adult red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) were subjected to four experimental treatments: (1) anesthesia only (AN); (2) anesthesia plus a surgical incision (IN) in the abdominal wall without mantle grafting; (3) anesthesia, incision, and placement of an autograft (AT); and (4) anesthesia, incision, and placement of an allograft (AL). The control group (CT) consisted of unmanipulated abalone. Hemolymph samples were collected during the recovery phase at 2, 4, 24, and 48 h post-grafting. In both the cell-free hemolymph fraction (CFH) and lysed hemocytes (LH), total protein (TP) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, as well as nitric oxide (NO) production and total hemocyte count (THC), were quantified. SOD activity increased across all treatments at 48 h, whereas CAT activity was elevated only in the AL group at 2 and 4 h and in the AT group at 24 and 48 h. THC increased rapidly in the AL group (2 h), followed by increases in the IN and AT groups (4 h), with gradual declines observed by 48 h. Immunological parameters (MPO and NO) were detected primarily in the AL group at nearly all time points. The results of this study demonstrate marked modulation of antioxidant and immunological parameters at both humoral and cellular levels in response to grafting, particularly in the AL and AT groups. Importantly, the immunological activation observed in the AL group was confined to the early post-operative period (48 h) and did not compromise survival, as no mortality was recorded in any experimental treatment. These findings support the feasibility of allografting as part of pearl culture protocols in H. rufescens.

移植手术是珍珠培养过程中的关键步骤，可引发宿主软体动物的生理、抗氧化和免疫反应。对成年红鲍鱼（Haliotis rufescens）进行四种实验处理：(1)单纯麻醉；(2)麻醉加腹壁手术切口，不做肠膜移植；(3)麻醉、切开和放置自体移植物（AT）；(4)麻醉、切开和放置同种异体移植物（AL）。对照组（CT）为未经处理的鲍鱼。在移植后2、4、24和48 h的恢复阶段采集血淋巴样本。在无细胞血淋巴部分（CFH）和裂解血细胞（LH）中，定量测定总蛋白（TP）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和髓过氧化物酶（MPO）活性，以及一氧化氮（NO）的产生和总血细胞计数（THC）。SOD活性在所有处理中均在48 h时升高，而CAT活性仅在AL组在2和4 h时升高，at组在24和48 h时升高。THC在AL组（2 h）迅速升高，随后在in和at组（4 h）升高，在48 h时逐渐下降。免疫参数（MPO和NO）在AL组几乎所有时间点都主要检测到。本研究的结果表明，在体液和细胞水平上，移植对抗氧化和免疫参数的调节是显著的，特别是在AL和at组。重要的是，在AL组中观察到的免疫激活仅限于术后早期（48小时），并且没有影响生存，因为在任何实验治疗中都没有记录死亡率。这些发现支持了异体嫁接作为珍珠培养方案的一部分的可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Dietary D-mannose maintains intestinal microbiota balance and alleviates dextrose sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced enteritis of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) 饲粮d -甘露糖维持草鱼幼鱼肠道菌群平衡，减轻葡萄糖硫酸钠（DSS）诱导的肠炎

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2026.743661

Chong Zhang , Lin Feng , Pei Wu , Yang Liu , Xiaowan Jin , Hongmei Ren , Xiaoqiu Zhou , Weidan Jiang

D-mannose, a biologically active monosaccharide, is pivotal for protein glycosylation and immune regulation, yet its role and underlying mechanisms in enhancing fish enteritis resistance remain inadequately characterized. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary D-mannose on gut microbiota structure and resistance to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced enteritis. All 1800 juvenile grass carp were randomly assigned to 6 treatment groups and fed diets supplemented with graded levels of D-mannose (0.52, 1.75, 3.02, 4.28, 5.50 and 6.78 g/kg) for 70 days, followed by a DSS-induced enteritis challenge. The results revealed that D-mannose improved gut microbial structure and short-chain fatty acid levels, suggesting a potential enhancement in enteritis resistance. In the DSS-induced enteritis model, D-mannose supplementation significantly reduced enteritis incidence and mitigated intestinal histopathological damage, as evidenced by improved epithelial cell arrangement and reduced lamina propria edema. Mechanistically, D-mannose enhanced intestinal antimicrobial capacity and modulated the balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which was associated with the regulation of CD4⁺ T cell differentiation to maintain Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg subset homeostasis. Additionally, D-mannose alleviated intestinal pyroptosis by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, which may be mediated by preserving lysosomal integrity and inhibiting cathepsin B activation. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that dietary D-mannose effectively enhances fish enteritis resistance and intestinal immune function, with mechanisms involving the modulation of gut microbiota, regulation of T cell differentiation, and inhibition of lysosome-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the application of D-mannose as a potential antibiotic alternative in aquafeeds to mitigate enteritis in grass carp.

d -甘露糖是一种具有生物活性的单糖，在蛋白质糖基化和免疫调节中起着关键作用，但其在增强鱼类肠炎抗性中的作用和潜在机制尚未得到充分的研究。本研究旨在研究饲粮中添加d -甘露糖对肠道菌群结构和对葡聚糖硫酸钠（DSS）诱导的肠炎耐药性的影响。将1800尾草鱼幼鱼随机分为6个处理组，分别饲喂d -甘露糖添加水平分别为0.52、1.75、3.02、4.28、5.50和6.78 g/kg的饲粮，饲喂70 d，然后进行dss致肠炎刺激试验。结果显示，d -甘露糖改善了肠道微生物结构和短链脂肪酸水平，表明其可能增强肠炎抗性。在dss诱导的肠炎模型中，补充d -甘露糖可显著降低肠炎发生率，减轻肠道组织病理学损伤，这可以通过改善上皮细胞排列和减少固有层水肿来证明。d -甘露糖增强肠道抗菌能力，调节促炎和抗炎细胞因子平衡，其机制与调节CD4+ T细胞分化以维持Th1/Th2和Th17/Treg亚群稳态有关。此外，d -甘露糖通过抑制NLRP3炎性体通路减轻肠焦亡，这可能是通过保持溶酶体完整性和抑制组织蛋白酶B激活介导的。总之，这些研究结果表明，膳食d -甘露糖可有效增强鱼类对肠炎的抵抗力和肠道免疫功能，其机制包括调节肠道微生物群、调节T细胞分化和抑制溶酶体依赖性NLRP3炎症小体介导的焦亡。本研究为d -甘露糖作为一种潜在的抗生素替代品在水产饲料中缓解草鱼肠炎的应用提供了理论依据和实践指导。

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引用次数: 0

Summertime CO2 flux and its driving mechanisms in shellfish-dominated integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) ponds 贝类为主的综合多营养养殖（IMTA）池塘夏季CO2通量及其驱动机制

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2026.743663

Chunpu Zhao, Anhao Wang, Wenhao Yin, Zhanfeng Liang, Ying Zeng, Kai Liao, Jilin Xu, Shuonan Ma

The Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) holds significant application value in pond aquaculture systems, yet the dynamics and drivers of water–air CO₂ fluxes within these systems remain unresolved. We hypothesize that pH and trophic status may act as key regulators of the CO₂ flux across the water-air interface within IMTA ponds. To verify this, we quantified in situ CO₂ fluxes and their drivers in five mariculture ponds that represent typical calcifying-bivalve (Sinonovacula constricta) IMTA systems. The results demonstrated that IMTA ponds generally functioned as a weak net sink of CO₂ at the water-air interface in summer. Four fluorescent dissolved organic matter (DOM) components—one humic-like and three protein-like—among which the terrestrial humic-like fluorophore (C2) dominated were identified by Excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Further structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis revealed that trophic status (nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations) was the major environmental factor influencing DOM transformation and degradation, potentially regulating CO₂ fluxes indirectly by affecting humic substance accumulation and degradation. Water pH emerged as another major driver, directly affecting CO₂ speciation and seawater pCO₂ while indirectly modulating CO₂ fluxes through the modulation of bivalve calcification, as suggested by SEM (with a standardized effect size of −0.58). Here we systematically elucidate the summertime CO₂ sink and its underlying mechanisms in IMTA ponds, providing a theoretical framework for optimizing management practices—such as pH control and dynamic nutrient adjustment—to enhance the carbon-sequestration potential of marine aquaculture.

综合多营养养殖（IMTA）在池塘养殖系统中具有重要的应用价值，但这些系统中水气CO2通量的动态和驱动因素仍未得到解决。我们假设pH值和营养状态可能是IMTA池塘中水-空气界面CO2通量的关键调节因子。为了验证这一点，我们量化了代表典型钙化双壳（Sinonovacula constricta） IMTA系统的五个海水养殖池塘的原位CO2通量及其驱动因素。结果表明：夏季IMTA池在水-气界面处具有较弱的CO2净汇功能；利用激发-发射矩阵（EEM）光谱结合平行因子分析（PARAFAC）技术，鉴定了4个荧光溶解有机物（DOM）组分，其中1个腐殖质样和3个蛋白质样，以陆生腐殖质样荧光团（C2）为主。进一步的结构方程模型（SEM）分析表明，营养状态（氮和磷浓度）是影响DOM转化和降解的主要环境因子，可能通过影响腐殖质积累和降解间接调节CO2通量。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）显示，水pH值是另一个主要驱动因素，直接影响CO2形态和海水pCO2，同时通过调节双壳类动物钙化间接调节CO2通量（标准化效应值为- 0.58）。本文系统地阐述了IMTA池塘夏季CO2汇及其潜在机制，为优化管理实践（如pH控制和养分动态调节）提供理论框架，以提高海洋水产养殖的固碳潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Decay kinetics of white spot syndrome virus in seawater and sediment: Implications for reservoir-mediated transmission 白斑综合征病毒在海水和沉积物中的衰变动力学：水库介导传播的意义

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2026.743658

Min Jae Kim , Kwang Il Kim

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a major threat to shrimp aquaculture, and pond-based systems relying on coastal seawater exchange render seawater and sediment critical environmental reservoirs. This study aimed to characterize the decay kinetics of WSSV in these matrices and derive key parameters for reservoir-mediated transmission risk assessment. The viral extraction efficiency and viability of the recovered WSSV from seawater and sediment were evaluated using qPCR, viability qPCR (v-qPCR), and bioassays. Based on v-qPCR-derived time-course data, WSSV decay kinetics were modeled at different temperatures, and T₉₀/T₉₉ (time required for 90% and 99% reductions, respectively) values were validated against experimental infectivity. WSSV persistence was inversely associated with temperature (30–4 °C), with more rapid decay observed in environmental seawater than in sediment. In seawater, T₉₉ values ranged from 2.26 days at 30 °C to 19.10 days at 4 °C, with viable WSSV detectable for up to 42 days. In contrast, sediment exhibited markedly greater persistence, with T₉₉ values reaching 84.55 days at 4 °C, and viable WSSV detectable for up to 90 days. A strong positive correlation (r > 0.96) between the decay kinetics model–derived T₉₀/T₉₉ values and infectivity reduction time points supports the validity of T₉₀/T₉₉ as a reliable indicator of viable WSSV decay kinetics. This study provides infectivity-validated decay parameters for WSSV in seawater and sediments. These findings demonstrate that sediment serves as a long-term reservoir of WSSV infectivity, whereas seawater functions as a rapid transmission pathway, providing a quantitative basis for reservoir-mediated transmission risk assessment and biosecurity.

白斑综合征病毒（WSSV）是对虾养殖的主要威胁，依赖沿海海水交换的池塘系统使海水和沉积物成为关键的环境水库。本研究旨在表征WSSV在这些基质中的衰变动力学，并得出水库介导传播风险评估的关键参数。采用qPCR、活力qPCR （v-qPCR）和生物测定法对海水和沉积物中回收的WSSV的病毒提取效率和活力进行评价。基于v- qpcr衍生的时间过程数据，模拟了不同温度下WSSV的衰变动力学，并根据实验传染性验证了T90/T99（分别为90%和99%还原所需的时间）值。WSSV持久性与温度（30-4°C）呈负相关，在环境海水中比在沉积物中观察到更快的衰减。在海水中，T99值在30°C时为2.26天，在4°C时为19.10天，可检测到存活的WSSV长达42天。相比之下，沉积物表现出更强的持久性，在4°C时T99值达到84.55天，可检测到的活WSSV长达90天。衰变动力学模型导出的T90/T99值与感染性降低时间点之间存在强正相关（r > 0.96），支持T90/T99作为活的WSSV衰变动力学的可靠指标的有效性。该研究提供了海水和沉积物中WSSV的感染验证衰变参数。这些结果表明，沉积物是WSSV传染性的长期蓄水池，而海水是快速传播途径，为水库介导的传播风险评估和生物安全提供了定量依据。

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引用次数: 0

Functional characterization of fatty acid desaturases and dietary lipid sources modulation of fatty acid conversion in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) 大口黑鲈脂肪酸去饱和酶的功能特征及饲料脂源对脂肪酸转化的调节

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2026.743641

Yangyang Liu , Rudy Caparros Megido , Frédéric Francis , Jie Wang , Hao Wang , Liang Hu , Xiaofang Liang , Min Xue

To evaluate n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis capacity and the selected dietary lipid sources effects in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), we combined functional characterization of fatty acid desaturase genes with an 8-week feeding trial. Yeast expression identified three candidate desaturase genes: fads2 (fatty acid desaturase 2) catalyzing C18:3n-3 → C18:4n-3, and delta4 fads (acyl-CoA Delta4 desaturase-like) exhibiting dual Δ5/Δ4 activity (C20:4n-3 → C20:5n-3; C22:5n-3 → C22:6n-3), and fads6 (fatty acid desaturase 6) showed no detectable desaturase activity. In a 3 × 2 factorial design, 450 juvenile largemouth bass (17.99 ± 0.02g, 25 fish per tank, triplicate) received diets containing—linseed oil (LO, 54.24% ALA), cottonseed oil (CO, 0.14% ALA) or black soldier fly oil (BSFO, 2.28% ALA), with or without DHA inclusion (3% Schizochytrium sp. meal). Two-way ANOVA revealed that LO and BSFO improved growth (FBW, WG, SGR) over CO, and LO raised tissue n-3 PUFAs levels aboved CO and BSFO (P < 0.05). CO and BSFO upregulated liver delta4 fads relative to LO, and CO further increased elovl4a and elovl5 under DHA inclusion (P < 0.05), whereas desaturase proteins remained unchanged among oils (P > 0.05). CO lowered liver TG levels and upregulated monoacylglycerol lipase (mgl) against LO and BSFO, and elevated acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (acc1) and fatty acid synthase (fasn) expression under DHA-inclusion (P < 0.05). Dietary DHA improved growth and tissue DHA levels, and reduced liver crude lipid and TG levels (P < 0.05), while downregulating fads2, delta4 fads, fads6 and Δ5/Δ4 Fads protein (P < 0.05). Overall, the results are consistent with largemouth bass possessing the enzymatic capacity to convert dietary ALA into n-3 LC-PUFA. Adequate dietary ALA supported growth and DHA biosynthesis, and severe ALA deficiency upregulated part n-3 LC-PUFA biosynthesis-related genes but still resulted in reduced tissue DHA. Dietary DHA inclusion alleviated growth constraints under ALA-deficient conditions.

为了评价大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides） n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFA）的生物合成能力和所选饲料脂源的影响，我们将脂肪酸去饱和酶基因的功能特征与8周的饲养试验相结合。酵母表达鉴定出三个去饱和酶候选基因：fads2（脂肪酸去饱和酶2）催化C18:3n-3→C18:4n-3， delta4 fads（酰基-辅酶a delta4去饱和酶样）具有双重Δ5/Δ4活性（C20:4n-3→C20:5n-3; C22:5n-3→C22:6n-3）， fads2（脂肪酸去饱和酶6）没有检测到去饱和酶活性。采用3 × 2因子设计，选取450尾（17.99±0.02g，每箱25尾，3个重复）大黑鲈幼鱼，分别饲喂含亚麻籽油（LO, 54.24% ALA）、棉籽油（CO, 0.14% ALA）或黑虻油（BSFO, 2.28% ALA）和不含DHA （3% Schizochytrium sp.粕）的饲料。双向方差分析显示，与CO相比，LO和BSFO改善了生长（FBW、WG和SGR）， LO比CO和BSFO提高了组织n-3 PUFAs水平（P < 0.05）。相对于低脂油，CO和BSFO上调了肝脏delta4蛋白，在DHA加入下，CO进一步提高了elovl4a和elovl5蛋白（P < 0.05），而各油脂中去饱和酶蛋白保持不变（P < 0.05）。CO降低肝脏TG水平，上调对LO和BSFO的单酰基甘油脂肪酶（mgl），提高dha包涵下乙酰辅酶a羧化酶1 （acc1）和脂肪酸合成酶（fasn）的表达（P < 0.05）。饲料中DHA提高了生长和组织DHA水平，降低了肝脏粗脂和TG水平（P < 0.05），下调了fads2、delta4、fads6和Δ5/Δ4 fads蛋白水平（P < 0.05）。总体而言，结果与大口鱼具有将饲料ALA转化为n-3 LC-PUFA的酶能力相一致。饮食中充足的ALA支持生长和DHA的生物合成，严重的ALA缺乏上调了部分n-3 LC-PUFA生物合成相关基因，但仍导致组织DHA减少。膳食中添加DHA可缓解ala缺乏条件下的生长限制。

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引用次数: 0