Neuropeptide F (NPF) regulates feeding, growth, development, and reproduction in insects and crustaceans. In this study, we examined the effects of Macrobrachium rosenbergii NPF (MrNPF) on food intake, digestive functions, growth performance, and immunity in juvenile freshwater prawns (M. rosenbergii). Supplementing MrNPF at 5 and 0.5 μg/g of feed significantly stimulated food intake and digestive functions by enhancing food consumption, hepatosomatic index, and feeding behaviors; increasing digestive amylase, protease, and lipase activities; and improving gut histomorphology (P < 0.05). In addition, both doses of MrNPF-supplemented feed promoted growth performance by increasing mean weight gain (WG), specific growth rate, and daily WG from weeks 6 to 12 compared with the control groups (P < 0.05). Survival rate was significantly higher in the high-dose MrNPF group than in controls only at week 9 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, MrNPF supplementation significantly upregulated the expression of muscle growth-related genes, including MrTOR, elF4B, and LIM mRNA. Finally, MrNPF significantly enhanced the expression of immune-related genes. Collectively, our findings suggest that MrNPF is an essential neuropeptide that may serve as a potential regulator of feeding, growth, and immunity in juvenile M. rosenbergii. This knowledge could be used to enhance the aquaculture productivity of this crustacean species.
{"title":"Examination of the role of neuropeptide F in promoting food intake, digestive functioning, growth performance, and expression of immune-related genes in juvenile giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii","authors":"Warinthip Vetkama , Thiraphon Deethaisong , Pannasa Manjit , Ruchanok Tinikul , Prasert Sobhon , Yotsawan Tinikul","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neuropeptide F (NPF) regulates feeding, growth, development, and reproduction in insects and crustaceans. In this study, we examined the effects of <em>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</em> NPF (MrNPF) on food intake, digestive functions, growth performance, and immunity in juvenile freshwater prawns (<em>M. rosenbergii</em>). Supplementing MrNPF at 5 and 0.5 μg/g of feed significantly stimulated food intake and digestive functions by enhancing food consumption, hepatosomatic index, and feeding behaviors; increasing digestive amylase, protease, and lipase activities; and improving gut histomorphology (<em>P</em> < 0.05). In addition, both doses of MrNPF-supplemented feed promoted growth performance by increasing mean weight gain (WG), specific growth rate, and daily WG from weeks 6 to 12 compared with the control groups (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Survival rate was significantly higher in the high-dose MrNPF group than in controls only at week 9 (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Furthermore, MrNPF supplementation significantly upregulated the expression of muscle growth-related genes, including <em>MrTOR</em>, <em>elF4B</em>, and <em>LIM</em> mRNA. Finally, MrNPF significantly enhanced the expression of immune-related genes. Collectively, our findings suggest that MrNPF is an essential neuropeptide that may serve as a potential regulator of feeding, growth, and immunity in juvenile <em>M. rosenbergii</em>. This knowledge could be used to enhance the aquaculture productivity of this crustacean species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"614 ","pages":"Article 743587"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743582
Xinchun Li , Lize San , Guixing Wang , Bingbu Li , Zhongwei He , Yufeng Liu , Yuqin Ren , Jilun Hou , Xiaoyan Zhang
Recombinant doubled haploids (rDH) have significantly improved reproductive traits compared with doubled haploids (DH) in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), promoting the wide application of DH in the selective breeding of Japanese flounder. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. To address this, we performed integrated genomic resequencing and transcriptome sequencing analyses of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovary, as well as hormone-level comparisons of both DH and rDH Japanese flounder. rDH individuals displayed significantly higher levels of female reproduction-related hormones and growth hormone than DHs. Combination analysis of RNA-seq and selective sweep identified several significantly different genes, including somatostatin 1, tandem duplicate 1 (sst1.1) in the hypothalamus, myostatin b (mstnb) in the pituitary gland, and growth hormone 1 (gh1) in the ovary. Sequence comparison of sst1.1 in 134 individuals from the high-reproductive-capacity rDH and infertile DH populations uncovered two intronic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)—chr_11:448749 and chr_11: 448194 (ASM2471397v2)—that may modulate gene expression. qRT-PCR confirmed significant under-expression of sst1.1 in rDHs, suggesting a strong link between sst1.1 mutations and the high reproductive traits of rDHs. This study provides a theoretical foundation for optimizing doubled haploid breeding technologies and supports further application and promotion of this breeding system for the genetic improvement of Japanese flounder.
{"title":"Mechanism analysis of improving reproductive traits in recombinant doubled haploid Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)","authors":"Xinchun Li , Lize San , Guixing Wang , Bingbu Li , Zhongwei He , Yufeng Liu , Yuqin Ren , Jilun Hou , Xiaoyan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recombinant doubled haploids (rDH) have significantly improved reproductive traits compared with doubled haploids (DH) in Japanese flounder (<em>Paralichthys olivaceus</em>), promoting the wide application of DH in the selective breeding of Japanese flounder. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. To address this, we performed integrated genomic resequencing and transcriptome sequencing analyses of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovary, as well as hormone-level comparisons of both DH and rDH Japanese flounder. rDH individuals displayed significantly higher levels of female reproduction-related hormones and growth hormone than DHs. Combination analysis of RNA-seq and selective sweep identified several significantly different genes, including somatostatin 1, tandem duplicate 1 (<em>sst1.1</em>) in the hypothalamus, myostatin b (<em>mstnb</em>) in the pituitary gland, and growth hormone 1 (<em>gh1</em>) in the ovary. Sequence comparison of <em>sst1.1</em> in 134 individuals from the high-reproductive-capacity rDH and infertile DH populations uncovered two intronic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)—chr_11:448749 and chr_11: 448194 (ASM2471397v2)—that may modulate gene expression. qRT-PCR confirmed significant under-expression of <em>sst1.1</em> in rDHs, suggesting a strong link between <em>sst1.1</em> mutations and the high reproductive traits of rDHs. This study provides a theoretical foundation for optimizing doubled haploid breeding technologies and supports further application and promotion of this breeding system for the genetic improvement of Japanese flounder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"614 ","pages":"Article 743582"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743585
Shenyuan Liang , Haojie Li , Han Xu , Dongyi Yang , Hao Zhang , Wenrong Zhu , Nianjun Xu , Yahe Li
This study evaluated the effects of diurnal temperature difference on the growth and biochemical profiles of two Ulva prolifera strains (noted as YH001 and YH002). Both YH001 and YH002 were cultured under 18–14 °C (18 °C for daytime and 14 °C for nighttime) and 28–24 °C (28 °C for daytime and 24 °C for nighttime) conditions for 30 days. The results showed that 1) At 18–14 °C, YH001 exhibited robust biomass accumulation, with its biomass reaching 2.3 times that of YH002. Conversely, YH002 had a higher growth rate than YH001 and was able to reproduce simultaneously during its rapid growth phase under 28–24 °C conditions. 2) Compared with YH002, YH001 exhibited significantly 30 % higher levels of pigments, up to 3-fold contents of H₂O₂ and MDA, 0.6-fold SOD activity, and 3-fold GSH content under 28–24 °C. While YH001 demonstrated 2-fold higher polysaccharide content under 18–14 °C. Conversely, YH002 demonstrated significantly 20–30 % higher protein content and 10–50 % higher AsA content under 18–14 °C and 28–24 °C treatments. 3) Under 28–24 °C conditions, the unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) content in YH001 increased by over 200 %, while saturated fatty acid (SFA) levels remained relatively stable. Notably, 18–14 °C significantly increased the proportion of saturated fatty acids in the lipid profile. In conclusion, YH001 enchanced biomass accumulation and elevated total polysaccharide content under 18–14 °C condition, while YH002 achieved rapid growth concurrent with active reproduction under 28–24 °C condition. These results highlight significant differences in growth and metabolic characteristics among Ulva strains when exposed to diurnal temperature variations and lay the foundation for the development of large-scale cultivation techniques of Ulva species.
{"title":"Long-term diurnal temperature variation induces strain-specific metabolic divergence in Ulva prolifera: Biomass prioritization, polysaccharide enrichment, and adaptive trade-offs","authors":"Shenyuan Liang , Haojie Li , Han Xu , Dongyi Yang , Hao Zhang , Wenrong Zhu , Nianjun Xu , Yahe Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the effects of diurnal temperature difference on the growth and biochemical profiles of two <em>Ulva prolifera</em> strains (noted as YH001 and YH002). Both YH001 and YH002 were cultured under 18–14 °C (18 °C for daytime and 14 °C for nighttime) and 28–24 °C (28 °C for daytime and 24 °C for nighttime) conditions for 30 days. The results showed that 1) At 18–14 °C, YH001 exhibited robust biomass accumulation, with its biomass reaching 2.3 times that of YH002. Conversely, YH002 had a higher growth rate than YH001 and was able to reproduce simultaneously during its rapid growth phase under 28–24 °C conditions. 2) Compared with YH002, YH001 exhibited significantly 30 % higher levels of pigments, up to 3-fold contents of H₂O₂ and MDA, 0.6-fold SOD activity, and 3-fold GSH content under 28–24 °C. While YH001 demonstrated 2-fold higher polysaccharide content under 18–14 °C. Conversely, YH002 demonstrated significantly 20–30 % higher protein content and 10–50 % higher AsA content under 18–14 °C and 28–24 °C treatments. 3) Under 28–24 °C conditions, the unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) content in YH001 increased by over 200 %, while saturated fatty acid (SFA) levels remained relatively stable. Notably, 18–14 °C significantly increased the proportion of saturated fatty acids in the lipid profile. In conclusion, YH001 enchanced biomass accumulation and elevated total polysaccharide content under 18–14 °C condition, while YH002 achieved rapid growth concurrent with active reproduction under 28–24 °C condition. These results highlight significant differences in growth and metabolic characteristics among <em>Ulva</em> strains when exposed to diurnal temperature variations and lay the foundation for the development of large-scale cultivation techniques of <em>Ulva</em> species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"614 ","pages":"Article 743585"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743579
Xudong Liu , Xin Tan , Junping Lv , Jia Feng , Zhengyu Hu , Shulian Xie
Microalga Coelastrella has garnered increasing attention in recent years due to its high content of natural carotenoids. However, this microalga still lacks systematic optimization of its cultivation conditions and the corresponding elucidation of underlying mechanisms. Meanwhile, its application scope remains to be expanded. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of high light intensity, salinity stress, and nitrogen deprivation in the induction stage on the carotenoid accumulation of Coelastrella sp. TX using a two-stage cultivation strategy. Combined high light intensity (140 μmol m−2 s−1) and nitrogen deprivation resulted in the highest carotenoid production. The microalgal biomass increased significantly by 74.23 % and the carotenoid yield increased by 67.80 % under these conditions compared with the non-stressed culture. These highly accumulated carotenoid components included lutein, β-carotene, neoxanthin, and α-carotene. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the combined stress significantly upregulated the expression of numerous key genes (PSY, PDS, ZDS, CRTISO, LCYB, LCYE, and CYHB) in the carotenoid synthesis pathway, promoting the accumulation of these carotenoids. Additionally, carotenoid accumulation, together with the upregulation of photoprotection genes PsbS and PsbO in Photosystem II, enhanced the photoprotective capacity of the microalgae under high light intensity and nitrogen deprivation, maintaining its high photosynthetic activity. Further investigation confirmed that Coelastrella sp. TX at 40 mg/L optimized both the cell density and nutritional quality of Paramecium, a common ciliate used as aquaculture feed, indicating its potential application in the aquaculture industry.
{"title":"Mechanisms of efficient carotenoid production in Coelastrella under stress conditions and its application as aquaculture feed","authors":"Xudong Liu , Xin Tan , Junping Lv , Jia Feng , Zhengyu Hu , Shulian Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalga <em>Coelastrella</em> has garnered increasing attention in recent years due to its high content of natural carotenoids. However, this microalga still lacks systematic optimization of its cultivation conditions and the corresponding elucidation of underlying mechanisms. Meanwhile, its application scope remains to be expanded. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of high light intensity, salinity stress, and nitrogen deprivation in the induction stage on the carotenoid accumulation of <em>Coelastrella</em> sp. TX using a two-stage cultivation strategy. Combined high light intensity (140 μmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>) and nitrogen deprivation resulted in the highest carotenoid production. The microalgal biomass increased significantly by 74.23 % and the carotenoid yield increased by 67.80 % under these conditions compared with the non-stressed culture. These highly accumulated carotenoid components included lutein, β-carotene, neoxanthin, and α-carotene. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the combined stress significantly upregulated the expression of numerous key genes (<em>PSY</em>, <em>PDS</em>, <em>ZDS</em>, <em>CRTISO</em>, <em>LCYB</em>, <em>LCYE</em>, and <em>CYHB</em>) in the carotenoid synthesis pathway, promoting the accumulation of these carotenoids. Additionally, carotenoid accumulation, together with the upregulation of photoprotection genes <em>PsbS</em> and <em>PsbO</em> in Photosystem II, enhanced the photoprotective capacity of the microalgae under high light intensity and nitrogen deprivation, maintaining its high photosynthetic activity. Further investigation confirmed that <em>Coelastrella</em> sp. TX at 40 mg/L optimized both the cell density and nutritional quality of <em>Paramecium</em>, a common ciliate used as aquaculture feed, indicating its potential application in the aquaculture industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"614 ","pages":"Article 743579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743583
Ling Peng , Tao Yin , Shanbai Xiong , Juan You , Ru Liu , Qiling Huang , Soottawat Benjakul , Dan Jia
Ammonia nitrogen (AN) toxicity in fish can be influenced by environmental factors during transportation, consequently affecting muscle quality. In this study, the effects of AN coupled with environmental factors on the muscle quality of Blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) were investigated. Fish were exposed to AN under thermal, acidity, and salinity conditions. Subsequently, stress responses and muscle quality parameters were evaluated, and transcriptomic analysis was conducted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The results show that thermal coupling with AN exerted the most significant toxic effects on fish. This treatment markedly increased the levels of stress-related physiological indicators (cortisol, glucose, creatinine, and superoxide dismutase) and resulted in a pronounced decline in muscle quality, as evidenced by reduced shear force and elevated drip loss. In contrast, coupling with acidity or salinity slightly influenced the stress response and muscle quality of fish under AN exposure. The coupling effects of different environmental factors to the AN exposure was associated with gene transcription which regulated oxidative stress, heat shock response, and apoptosis. Furthermore, the Notch, MAPK, mTOR, p53 and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways play a crucial regulatory role. These findings indicate that among the examined environmental factors, temperature exerted the most pronounced influence on AN toxicity. This research offers novel perspectives on the mechanisms in fish to AN exposure coupling with environmental factors.
{"title":"Transcriptomic reveals the acute exposure of ammonia nitrogen on muscle quality in fish: the coupling effect of acidity, thermal, and salinity","authors":"Ling Peng , Tao Yin , Shanbai Xiong , Juan You , Ru Liu , Qiling Huang , Soottawat Benjakul , Dan Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia nitrogen (AN) toxicity in fish can be influenced by environmental factors during transportation, consequently affecting muscle quality. In this study, the effects of AN coupled with environmental factors on the muscle quality of Blunt snout bream (<em>Megalobrama amblycephala</em>) were investigated. Fish were exposed to AN under thermal, acidity, and salinity conditions. Subsequently, stress responses and muscle quality parameters were evaluated, and transcriptomic analysis was conducted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The results show that thermal coupling with AN exerted the most significant toxic effects on fish. This treatment markedly increased the levels of stress-related physiological indicators (cortisol, glucose, creatinine, and superoxide dismutase) and resulted in a pronounced decline in muscle quality, as evidenced by reduced shear force and elevated drip loss. In contrast, coupling with acidity or salinity slightly influenced the stress response and muscle quality of fish under AN exposure. The coupling effects of different environmental factors to the AN exposure was associated with gene transcription which regulated oxidative stress, heat shock response, and apoptosis. Furthermore, the Notch, MAPK, mTOR, p53 and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways play a crucial regulatory role. These findings indicate that among the examined environmental factors, temperature exerted the most pronounced influence on AN toxicity. This research offers novel perspectives on the mechanisms in fish to AN exposure coupling with environmental factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"614 ","pages":"Article 743583"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743584
Jichun Li , Huilai Shi , Suzhen Ran , Jianshe Zhang , Xiaolong Yin , Hongling Ping , Tao Zhang , Jiji Li , Bin Li , Yingying Ye
This study aimed to investigate the molecular responses underlying the adaptation of Epinephelus akaara to low–temperature stress. Using transcriptome sequencing, antioxidant enzyme assays, and histopathological examination of the liver, this study evaluated the physiological, metabolic, and molecular responses of E. akaara to different temperature conditions 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, and 25 °C. The results demonstrated that low–temperature stress triggered oxidative stress, resulting in the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in the liver and the activation of several key signaling pathways, particularly the PPAR pathway, which plays a critical role in regulating lipid metabolism and maintaining energy homeostasis. At 20 °C, the antioxidant system of E. akaara showed the greatest stability and minimal oxidative damage, whereas at 10 °C and 15 °C, oxidative stress was more pronounced, accompanied by a significant increase in lipid peroxidation products. These findings provide novel molecular insights into the low–temperature adaptive responses of E. akaara and offer theoretical guidance for improving cold tolerance and optimizing aquaculture management.
{"title":"Transcriptomic and physiological responses of Epinephelus akaara to chronic cold stress","authors":"Jichun Li , Huilai Shi , Suzhen Ran , Jianshe Zhang , Xiaolong Yin , Hongling Ping , Tao Zhang , Jiji Li , Bin Li , Yingying Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the molecular responses underlying the adaptation of <em>Epinephelus akaara</em> to low–temperature stress. Using transcriptome sequencing, antioxidant enzyme assays, and histopathological examination of the liver, this study evaluated the physiological, metabolic, and molecular responses of <em>E. akaara</em> to different temperature conditions 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, and 25 °C. The results demonstrated that low–temperature stress triggered oxidative stress, resulting in the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in the liver and the activation of several key signaling pathways, particularly the PPAR pathway, which plays a critical role in regulating lipid metabolism and maintaining energy homeostasis. At 20 °C, the antioxidant system of <em>E. akaara</em> showed the greatest stability and minimal oxidative damage, whereas at 10 °C and 15 °C, oxidative stress was more pronounced, accompanied by a significant increase in lipid peroxidation products. These findings provide novel molecular insights into the low–temperature adaptive responses of <em>E. akaara</em> and offer theoretical guidance for improving cold tolerance and optimizing aquaculture management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"614 ","pages":"Article 743584"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Indian backwater oyster, Crassostrea madrasensis, is a keystone estuarine bivalve of ecological and economic importance. Despite its significance, the links between environmental variability, trophic inputs, and internal fatty acid (FA) dynamics for their reproductive success remain poorly understood. This study investigated the post-monsoon gametogenic strategy of C. madrasensis from raft cultivation systems along the southeast coast of the Bay of Bengal using an integrated approach combining histological staging, FA profiling of somatic and gonadal tissues, gut plankton analysis, and environmental monitoring. Histology confirmed five gametogenic stages: early development, late development, mature, spawning, and spent, each exhibiting distinctive FA signatures. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA, PCA, and PLS-DA, revealed significant variation in 21 of the 28 fatty acids. Early development was characterized by the enrichment of eicosatrienoic, myristic, and linolenic acids, reflecting preparatory energy storage, whereas late development was dominated by MUFA, n-6 PUFA, and linoleic acid. Mature gonads accumulated arachidic, erucic, and heptadecanoic acids, whereas spawning displayed a pronounced increase in octanoic acid, eicosenoic acid, behenic acid, and long-chain PUFA, particularly DHA and EPA, highlighting their role in gamete maturation and membrane formation. The spent stage exhibited elevated arachidonic acid but depleted DHA and EPA, indicating transfer into gametes. Somatic tissues displayed complementary but offset patterns, and strong positive correlations between body and gonad pools confirmed active lipid mobilization. Gut content analysis revealed that essential FAs were acquired both directly from ingested plankton, particularly Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae, and Zooplankton, and indirectly via somatic reserves. Environmental drivers strongly influenced these dynamics; rising salinity, nutrient enrichment, and high phytoplankton abundance coincided with maturation and spawning, whereas elevated temperature and turbidity corresponded to resting stages. Overall, reproductive output in C. madrasensis is governed by a finely tuned synergy between environmental factors, trophic coupling, and somato-gonadal fatty acid mobilizations. This study provides mechanistic insights into estuarine bivalve reproduction, establishes a framework for evaluating climate-linked reproductive shifts, and informs aquaculture strategies for broodstock conditioning under dietary regimes that mimic natural cues.
{"title":"Integrated insight into somato-gonadal fatty acid dynamics and environmental synchrony: Unravelling post-monsoon gametogenic strategies of oysters Crassostrea madrasensis in raft-cultivation systems","authors":"Afshana Ferdous , Israt Jahan , Md. Nayeem Hossain , Sourav Chowdhury , Md Moshiur Rahman , Md Asaduzzaman","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Indian backwater oyster, <em>Crassostrea madrasensis,</em> is a keystone estuarine bivalve of ecological and economic importance. Despite its significance, the links between environmental variability, trophic inputs, and internal fatty acid (FA) dynamics for their reproductive success remain poorly understood. This study investigated the post-monsoon gametogenic strategy of <em>C. madrasensis</em> from raft cultivation systems along the southeast coast of the Bay of Bengal using an integrated approach combining histological staging, FA profiling of somatic and gonadal tissues, gut plankton analysis, and environmental monitoring. Histology confirmed five gametogenic stages: early development, late development, mature, spawning, and spent, each exhibiting distinctive FA signatures. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA, PCA, and PLS-DA, revealed significant variation in 21 of the 28 fatty acids. Early development was characterized by the enrichment of eicosatrienoic, myristic, and linolenic acids, reflecting preparatory energy storage, whereas late development was dominated by MUFA, n-6 PUFA, and linoleic acid. Mature gonads accumulated arachidic, erucic, and heptadecanoic acids, whereas spawning displayed a pronounced increase in octanoic acid, eicosenoic acid, behenic acid, and long-chain PUFA, particularly DHA and EPA, highlighting their role in gamete maturation and membrane formation. The spent stage exhibited elevated arachidonic acid but depleted DHA and EPA, indicating transfer into gametes. Somatic tissues displayed complementary but offset patterns, and strong positive correlations between body and gonad pools confirmed active lipid mobilization. Gut content analysis revealed that essential FAs were acquired both directly from ingested plankton, particularly Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae, and Zooplankton, and indirectly via somatic reserves. Environmental drivers strongly influenced these dynamics; rising salinity, nutrient enrichment, and high phytoplankton abundance coincided with maturation and spawning, whereas elevated temperature and turbidity corresponded to resting stages. Overall, reproductive output in <em>C. madrasensis</em> is governed by a finely tuned synergy between environmental factors, trophic coupling, and somato-gonadal fatty acid mobilizations. This study provides mechanistic insights into estuarine bivalve reproduction, establishes a framework for evaluating climate-linked reproductive shifts, and informs aquaculture strategies for broodstock conditioning under dietary regimes that mimic natural cues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"614 ","pages":"Article 743576"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743581
Pâmela Souza Corrêa , Caio Augusto Perazza , Claudia Ehlers Kerber , Priscilla M.S. Villela , Fabiano B. Menegidio , Alexandre W.S. Hilsdorf
Groupers (Epinephelidae) are among the most valuable species in aquaculture, being extensively farmed worldwide due to their high market demand, superior flesh quality, and favorable zootechnical traits. Among them, the dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) is distributed throughout the South and Eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea, and along the Brazilian coast down to Patagonia. In these regions, aquaculture initiatives have focused on overcoming reproductive challenges to produce viable fingerlings under captive conditions. Genomic technologies offer promising opportunities to accelerate selective breeding by enabling the identification and selection of individuals based on genetic relationships and performance-associated traits. Nevertheless, the limited availability of validated, species-specific genomic resources has constrained the effective use of molecular tools for broodstock management, inbreeding control, and the establishment of genetically diverse founder populations. To address these limitations, we developed and validated a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel for E. marginatus using genomic libraries obtained from individuals sampled across multiple regions of the species' distribution range. Sequencing and bioinformatic processing yielded 374,289,929 high-quality reads, from which 350 SNPs present in at least 90 % of the analyzed individuals were identified. After stringent filtering, 211 high-confidence SNPs were retained and annotated according to their genomic positions and allele frequencies. Population structure analyses based on this SNP dataset revealed distinct patterns of genetic differentiation and clustering, while relatedness estimates provided a robust framework for reconstructing genomic pedigrees. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the reliability and practical utility of the developed SNP panel as a genomic tool for assessing genetic diversity, managing broodstock, and guiding the formation of genetically balanced base populations for selective breeding. This work thus provides a foundational genomic resource that bridges conservation genetics and aquaculture, contributing to the sustainable cultivation and long-term genetic management of the dusky grouper.
{"title":"Development of genomic resources to support population assessment and breeding strategies in the dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus)","authors":"Pâmela Souza Corrêa , Caio Augusto Perazza , Claudia Ehlers Kerber , Priscilla M.S. Villela , Fabiano B. Menegidio , Alexandre W.S. Hilsdorf","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groupers (Epinephelidae) are among the most valuable species in aquaculture, being extensively farmed worldwide due to their high market demand, superior flesh quality, and favorable zootechnical traits. Among them, the dusky grouper (<em>Epinephelus marginatus</em>) is distributed throughout the South and Eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea, and along the Brazilian coast down to Patagonia. In these regions, aquaculture initiatives have focused on overcoming reproductive challenges to produce viable fingerlings under captive conditions. Genomic technologies offer promising opportunities to accelerate selective breeding by enabling the identification and selection of individuals based on genetic relationships and performance-associated traits. Nevertheless, the limited availability of validated, species-specific genomic resources has constrained the effective use of molecular tools for broodstock management, inbreeding control, and the establishment of genetically diverse founder populations. To address these limitations, we developed and validated a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel for <em>E. marginatus</em> using genomic libraries obtained from individuals sampled across multiple regions of the species' distribution range. Sequencing and bioinformatic processing yielded 374,289,929 high-quality reads, from which 350 SNPs present in at least 90 % of the analyzed individuals were identified. After stringent filtering, 211 high-confidence SNPs were retained and annotated according to their genomic positions and allele frequencies. Population structure analyses based on this SNP dataset revealed distinct patterns of genetic differentiation and clustering, while relatedness estimates provided a robust framework for reconstructing genomic pedigrees. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the reliability and practical utility of the developed SNP panel as a genomic tool for assessing genetic diversity, managing broodstock, and guiding the formation of genetically balanced base populations for selective breeding. This work thus provides a foundational genomic resource that bridges conservation genetics and aquaculture, contributing to the sustainable cultivation and long-term genetic management of the dusky grouper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"615 ","pages":"Article 743581"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-21DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743580
Zhenzhen Hu, Qian Liu, Liwen Zheng, Jihua Liu
Large-scale cultivation of macroalgae is considered one of the effective approaches to mitigate global warming. The activity of macroalgae farming is limited by various environmental factors, which may even result in significant biomass losses, as seen in the huge kelp (Saccharina japonica) loss in Rongcheng in 2022. However, the underlying causes remain unclear due to a lack of field investigation evidence. Here, a field study was conducted in kelp (S. japonica) farming area during loss year (LY, 2021/22) and normal year (NY, 2022/23) in Rongcheng, China. The results indicated that the nitrate (NO3-N) concentration in seawater during LY ranged from 0.23 to 2.72 μmol L−1, which was only 4.60–48.40 % of the concentration measured in NY (4.99–5.62 μmol L−1), while the concentration of dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) was between 0.11 and 0.30 μmol L−1, with an average slightly lower than that observed in NY (0.26–0.29 μmol L−1), and the nitrogen-to-phosphate ratio dropped as low as 2.54. Additionally, a red tide caused by Akashiwo sanguinea and Gonyaulax fragilis occurred during LY. Phytoplankton and kelp engaged in intense competition for nutrients. The result revealed that NO3-N was significantly positively correlated with the phytoplankton community during NY, BIOENV and VPA analysis identified NO3-N as the key environmental factor influencing phytoplankton community. PLS-PM analysis revealed a strong negative correlation with both dinoflagellates on NO3-N availability, implicating rapid in-situ nitrogen consumption. Our research highlights the importance of nutrient availability for macroalgae biomass, which is a critical first step for carbon sequestration via macroalgae mariculture.
{"title":"Nitrate limitation resulting from red tide blooms as a key factor of biomass loss in cultivated kelp Saccharina japonica","authors":"Zhenzhen Hu, Qian Liu, Liwen Zheng, Jihua Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large-scale cultivation of macroalgae is considered one of the effective approaches to mitigate global warming. The activity of macroalgae farming is limited by various environmental factors, which may even result in significant biomass losses, as seen in the huge kelp (<em>Saccharina japonica</em>) loss in Rongcheng in 2022. However, the underlying causes remain unclear due to a lack of field investigation evidence. Here, a field study was conducted in kelp (<em>S. japonica</em>) farming area during loss year (LY, 2021/22) and normal year (NY, 2022/23) in Rongcheng, China. The results indicated that the nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>-N) concentration in seawater during LY ranged from 0.23 to 2.72 μmol L<sup>−1</sup>, which was only 4.60–48.40 % of the concentration measured in NY (4.99–5.62 μmol L<sup>−1</sup>), while the concentration of dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) was between 0.11 and 0.30 μmol L<sup>−1</sup>, with an average slightly lower than that observed in NY (0.26–0.29 μmol L<sup>−1</sup>), and the nitrogen-to-phosphate ratio dropped as low as 2.54. Additionally, a red tide caused by <em>Akashiwo sanguinea</em> and <em>Gonyaulax fragilis</em> occurred during LY. Phytoplankton and kelp engaged in intense competition for nutrients. The result revealed that NO<sub>3</sub>-N was significantly positively correlated with the phytoplankton community during NY, BIOENV and VPA analysis identified NO<sub>3</sub>-N as the key environmental factor influencing phytoplankton community. PLS-PM analysis revealed a strong negative correlation with both dinoflagellates on NO<sub>3</sub>-N availability, implicating rapid in-situ nitrogen consumption. Our research highlights the importance of nutrient availability for macroalgae biomass, which is a critical first step for carbon sequestration via macroalgae mariculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"614 ","pages":"Article 743580"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743571
Xuemei Zhao , Killian Chary , Ollie van Hal , Simon J. Oosting , Min Xue , Corina E. van Middelaar
This study evaluated Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP) as an alternative to soybean meal (SBM) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets and examined the potential confounding influence of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) used as a filler. In the in vitro digestibility assay, six treatments ranging from 0 % to 25 % CAP (in 5 % increments) were tested, with MCC as an inert filler to maintain a similar nutrient composition. In vivo, rainbow trout (initial weight ∼ 84 g) were fed diets with CAP replacing 0 % (Control), 50 % (CAPS6), and 100 % (CAPS12) of SBM for 67 days. In vitro results indicated that adding MCC to CAP-containing diets had a nutrient-dilution effect and reduced digestibility. Thereafter, in vivo results for feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and the digestibility of dry matter (DM) and gross energy (GE) were corrected. The corrected results showed no significant differences in FI and FCR among treatments, whereas digestibility of DM and GE was reduced in CAPS12. Uncorrected in vivo measurements showed that CAP-containing diets had comparable growth performance to the control group, whereas protein digestibility decreased in both CAPS6 and CAPS12, lipid digestibility declined significantly only in CAPS12, and phosphorus digestibility was significantly higher only in CAPS6. Solid nitrogen emissions increased in CAP diets, while dissolved nitrogen and both solid and dissolved phosphorus emissions were unaffected. Overall, CAP could be a viable alternative to SBM in rainbow trout diets. However, the use of fibrous fillers should be approached with caution in diets where high-protein ingredients replace conventional protein sources.
{"title":"Clostridium autoethanogenum protein as an alternative for soybean meal in the diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Considering the effects of microcrystalline cellulose","authors":"Xuemei Zhao , Killian Chary , Ollie van Hal , Simon J. Oosting , Min Xue , Corina E. van Middelaar","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated <em>Clostridium autoethanogenum</em> protein (CAP) as an alternative to soybean meal (SBM) in rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) diets and examined the potential confounding influence of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) used as a filler. In the <em>in vitro</em> digestibility assay, six treatments ranging from 0 % to 25 % CAP (in 5 % increments) were tested, with MCC as an inert filler to maintain a similar nutrient composition. <em>In vivo</em>, rainbow trout (initial weight ∼ 84 g) were fed diets with CAP replacing 0 % (Control), 50 % (CAPS6), and 100 % (CAPS12) of SBM for 67 days. <em>In vitro</em> results indicated that adding MCC to CAP-containing diets had a nutrient-dilution effect and reduced digestibility. Thereafter, <em>in vivo</em> results for feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and the digestibility of dry matter (DM) and gross energy (GE) were corrected. The corrected results showed no significant differences in FI and FCR among treatments, whereas digestibility of DM and GE was reduced in CAPS12. Uncorrected <em>in vivo</em> measurements showed that CAP-containing diets had comparable growth performance to the control group, whereas protein digestibility decreased in both CAPS6 and CAPS12, lipid digestibility declined significantly only in CAPS12, and phosphorus digestibility was significantly higher only in CAPS6. Solid nitrogen emissions increased in CAP diets, while dissolved nitrogen and both solid and dissolved phosphorus emissions were unaffected. Overall, CAP could be a viable alternative to SBM in rainbow trout diets. However, the use of fibrous fillers should be approached with caution in diets where high-protein ingredients replace conventional protein sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8375,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture","volume":"614 ","pages":"Article 743571"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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