Aquaculture最新文献_第5页

Functional characterization of fatty acid desaturases and dietary lipid sources modulation of fatty acid conversion in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) 大口黑鲈脂肪酸去饱和酶的功能特征及饲料脂源对脂肪酸转化的调节

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2026.743641

Yangyang Liu , Rudy Caparros Megido , Frédéric Francis , Jie Wang , Hao Wang , Liang Hu , Xiaofang Liang , Min Xue

To evaluate n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis capacity and the selected dietary lipid sources effects in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), we combined functional characterization of fatty acid desaturase genes with an 8-week feeding trial. Yeast expression identified three candidate desaturase genes: fads2 (fatty acid desaturase 2) catalyzing C18:3n-3 → C18:4n-3, and delta4 fads (acyl-CoA Delta4 desaturase-like) exhibiting dual Δ5/Δ4 activity (C20:4n-3 → C20:5n-3; C22:5n-3 → C22:6n-3), and fads6 (fatty acid desaturase 6) showed no detectable desaturase activity. In a 3 × 2 factorial design, 450 juvenile largemouth bass (17.99 ± 0.02g, 25 fish per tank, triplicate) received diets containing—linseed oil (LO, 54.24% ALA), cottonseed oil (CO, 0.14% ALA) or black soldier fly oil (BSFO, 2.28% ALA), with or without DHA inclusion (3% Schizochytrium sp. meal). Two-way ANOVA revealed that LO and BSFO improved growth (FBW, WG, SGR) over CO, and LO raised tissue n-3 PUFAs levels aboved CO and BSFO (P < 0.05). CO and BSFO upregulated liver delta4 fads relative to LO, and CO further increased elovl4a and elovl5 under DHA inclusion (P < 0.05), whereas desaturase proteins remained unchanged among oils (P > 0.05). CO lowered liver TG levels and upregulated monoacylglycerol lipase (mgl) against LO and BSFO, and elevated acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (acc1) and fatty acid synthase (fasn) expression under DHA-inclusion (P < 0.05). Dietary DHA improved growth and tissue DHA levels, and reduced liver crude lipid and TG levels (P < 0.05), while downregulating fads2, delta4 fads, fads6 and Δ5/Δ4 Fads protein (P < 0.05). Overall, the results are consistent with largemouth bass possessing the enzymatic capacity to convert dietary ALA into n-3 LC-PUFA. Adequate dietary ALA supported growth and DHA biosynthesis, and severe ALA deficiency upregulated part n-3 LC-PUFA biosynthesis-related genes but still resulted in reduced tissue DHA. Dietary DHA inclusion alleviated growth constraints under ALA-deficient conditions.

为了评价大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides） n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFA）的生物合成能力和所选饲料脂源的影响，我们将脂肪酸去饱和酶基因的功能特征与8周的饲养试验相结合。酵母表达鉴定出三个去饱和酶候选基因：fads2（脂肪酸去饱和酶2）催化C18:3n-3→C18:4n-3， delta4 fads（酰基-辅酶a delta4去饱和酶样）具有双重Δ5/Δ4活性（C20:4n-3→C20:5n-3; C22:5n-3→C22:6n-3）， fads2（脂肪酸去饱和酶6）没有检测到去饱和酶活性。采用3 × 2因子设计，选取450尾（17.99±0.02g，每箱25尾，3个重复）大黑鲈幼鱼，分别饲喂含亚麻籽油（LO, 54.24% ALA）、棉籽油（CO, 0.14% ALA）或黑虻油（BSFO, 2.28% ALA）和不含DHA （3% Schizochytrium sp.粕）的饲料。双向方差分析显示，与CO相比，LO和BSFO改善了生长（FBW、WG和SGR）， LO比CO和BSFO提高了组织n-3 PUFAs水平（P < 0.05）。相对于低脂油，CO和BSFO上调了肝脏delta4蛋白，在DHA加入下，CO进一步提高了elovl4a和elovl5蛋白（P < 0.05），而各油脂中去饱和酶蛋白保持不变（P < 0.05）。CO降低肝脏TG水平，上调对LO和BSFO的单酰基甘油脂肪酶（mgl），提高dha包涵下乙酰辅酶a羧化酶1 （acc1）和脂肪酸合成酶（fasn）的表达（P < 0.05）。饲料中DHA提高了生长和组织DHA水平，降低了肝脏粗脂和TG水平（P < 0.05），下调了fads2、delta4、fads6和Δ5/Δ4 fads蛋白水平（P < 0.05）。总体而言，结果与大口鱼具有将饲料ALA转化为n-3 LC-PUFA的酶能力相一致。饮食中充足的ALA支持生长和DHA的生物合成，严重的ALA缺乏上调了部分n-3 LC-PUFA生物合成相关基因，但仍导致组织DHA减少。膳食中添加DHA可缓解ala缺乏条件下的生长限制。

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引用次数: 0

Revealing the mucosal immune microenvironment of teleost: An in-situ atlas of the nasal mucosa in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) 揭示硬骨鱼粘膜免疫微环境：比目鱼鼻黏膜原位图谱

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2026.743660

Jincheng Wang , Xiuzhen Sheng , Xiaoqian Tang , Jing Xing , Heng Chi , Wenbin Zhan

The olfactory functions performed by olfactory organs of fish are involved in almost all life activities. Continuous microbial exposure in the water has forced teleost fish to evolve nasal-associated lymphoid tissues (NALT) to maintain the structural and functional homeostasis of the olfactory organ. However, the knowledge of the NALT and nasal immune microenvironment of teleost fish is still in its infancy due to the lack of specific probes, in which the composition and distribution of immune cells and molecules are not well known. In this study, the healthy flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) olfactory sacs were resolved into five distinct regions and compared with five other marine and freshwater species, investigating its developmental features. Multiple histological staining techniques revealed the presence of highly abundant blood vessels, collagen fibers, and nerve networks in the olfactory sacs. Using multiplex probes, we systematically mapped the immune microenvironment of the flounder olfactory sacs and co-localized the mucus barrier (Muc2/Muc5ac), antigen-sampling cells (UEA-1⁺WGA⁺/UEA-1⁺WGA⁻ M cells), the antigen-presenting and T/B cell network (MHCIIβ⁺, CD83⁺, CD3⁺ and its CD4/CD8 subsets, IgM⁺ B cells), and effector molecules (pIgR, Hepcidin2, NK-lysin, MMP9), revealing an integrated innate-adaptive immune defense. Additionally, the baseline expression levels of 47 immune genes in the olfactory sacs were assessed under healthy conditions. Our findings revealed the cellular and molecular basis of immunity within the fish nasal mucosa and offered a novel perspective on mucosal immunity in teleosts.

鱼类的嗅觉器官所执行的嗅觉功能几乎涉及所有的生命活动。持续暴露于水中的微生物迫使硬骨鱼进化出鼻相关淋巴组织（NALT），以维持嗅觉器官的结构和功能稳态。然而，由于缺乏特异性探针，对硬骨鱼NALT和鼻腔免疫微环境的认识仍处于起步阶段，其中免疫细胞和分子的组成和分布尚不清楚。本研究将健康比目鱼（Paralichthys olivaceus）的嗅囊划分为5个不同的区域，并与其他5种海洋和淡水物种进行比较，探讨其发育特征。多种组织学染色技术显示，在嗅囊中存在高度丰富的血管、胶原纤维和神经网络。利用多重探针，我们系统地绘制了牙牙鱼嗅囊的免疫微环境，并共同定位了粘液屏障（Muc2/Muc5ac）、抗原采样细胞（UEA-1+WGA+/UEA-1+WGA−M细胞）、抗原呈递和T/B细胞网络（MHCIIβ+、CD83+、CD3+及其CD4/CD8亚群、IgM+ B细胞）和效应分子（pIgR、Hepcidin2、NK-lysin、MMP9），揭示了一种综合的先天适应性免疫防御。此外，在健康条件下评估了47个免疫基因在嗅囊中的基线表达水平。我们的研究结果揭示了鱼鼻黏膜免疫的细胞和分子基础，并为硬骨鱼粘膜免疫提供了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Immunometabolic regulation in Macrobrachium rosenbergii during Aeromonas caviae infection 罗氏沼虾在气单胞菌感染期间的免疫代谢调节

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2026.743639

Anting Chen , Qilong Gong , Qian Xu , Dexia Miao , Xiaojian Gao , Qun Jiang , Xiaojun Zhang

Aeromonas caviae is a significant pathogen in the cultivation of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, frequently resulting in substantial economic losses due to its high pathogenicity. The immune and metabolic response of M. rosenbergii to A. caviae infection remain poorly characterized. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was employed to analyze the immune and metabolic response of M. rosenbergii infected by A. caviae. A total of 2359 DEGs were identified, including 1472 DEGs were upregulated and 887 DEGs exhibited downregulation. GO enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were predominantly associated with metabolic processes, including cellular nitrogen compound metabolism, small molecule metabolism, and cellular metabolic processes. Additionally, KEGG enrichment analysis further revealed significant enrichment of DEGs in immunometabolic pathways such as phagosome, peroxisome, oxidative phosphorylation, and glutathione metabolism. Furthermore, four candidate genes related to the immune response (ALF, GPX2, SOD, and TRAF3) were selected for spatiotemporal expression analysis in the hepatopancreas, gills, intestine, and hemolymph at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h post-injection (hpi). The results of their spatiotemporal expression suggested that A. caviae has triggered the immune response in M. rosenbergii. In summary, these findings offer valuable insights for further investigations into the immune and metabolic response of M. rosenbergii against A. caviae infection.

洞穴气单胞菌是罗氏沼虾养殖中的重要病原菌，由于其致病性高，经常造成重大经济损失。罗氏m.r osenbergii对A. caviae感染的免疫和代谢反应仍然不清楚。本研究采用转录组测序的方法，分析了罗氏m.s onbergii感染A. caviae后的免疫和代谢反应。共鉴定出2359个基因，其中1472个基因表达上调，887个基因表达下调。氧化石墨烯富集分析显示，这些deg主要与代谢过程相关，包括细胞氮化合物代谢、小分子代谢和细胞代谢过程。此外，KEGG富集分析进一步揭示了免疫代谢途径中DEGs的显著富集，如吞噬体、过氧化物酶体、氧化磷酸化和谷胱甘肽代谢。此外，选择4个与免疫应答相关的候选基因（ALF、GPX2、SOD和TRAF3）在注射后6、12、24、48和72 h （hpi）在肝胰腺、鳃、肠和血淋巴中的时空表达分析。它们的时空表达结果表明，A. caviae触发了罗氏m.r obergii的免疫反应。综上所述，这些发现为进一步研究罗氏m.r obergii对A. caviae感染的免疫和代谢反应提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

In vitro screening and in vivo evaluation of anti-virulence herbal compounds against Streptococcus agalactiae in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) 罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）抗无乳链球菌的体外筛选及体内评价

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2026.743646

Ming-Li Xiang , Zi-Chen Zhao , Gui-Hua Li , Wei Tang , En-Peng Chen , Shui-Feng Qin , Yan Wang , Heng-Wei Deng , Zhi-Hong Zhong , Yun Sun , Wei-Liang Guo , Yong-Can Zhou

To identify novel drugs for the prophylaxis and treatment of S. agalactiae infection in tilapia, we screened a library of 41 herbal compounds. This screening identified 15 compounds with >20% inhibition of S. agalactiae β-hemolytic/cytolytic activity (IRBHC) and 23 compounds with >20% inhibition of biofilm formation (IRBF) at 10 μg/mL. Corosolic acid showed the strongest activities (IRBHC: 99.60%; IRBF: 56.50%) and was selected for in vivo evaluation the effects against S. agalactiae in tilapia. Its EC₅₀ values against S. agalactiae PBSA0901 β-hemolytic/cytolytic activity and biofilm formation were 4.88 ± 0.08 μg/mL and 6.03 ± 1.09 μg/mL, respectively. Hemolytic activity did not recover after bacterial passage following corosolic acid exposure, and corosolic acid (12.5 μg/mL) increased S. agalactiae PBSA0901 sensitivity to H₂O₂. The relative percent survival (RPS) of the S. agalactiae PBSA0901 challenged tilapia fed diets containing corosolic acid crude extract (the content of corosolic acid in the crude extract is 20%) at doses equivalent to 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg corosolic acid, and 200 mg/kg corosolic acid (HPLC purity of 98%) was 37.47%, 45.87%, 51.03%, and 77.30%, respectively. Corosolic acid enhanced antioxidant capacity, improved angiogenesis markers, regulated metabolic indicators, and alleviated S. agalactiae–induced tissue damage. Collectively, it represents a promising therapeutic candidate for controlling S. agalactiae infection in tilapia.

为了寻找预防和治疗罗非鱼无乳链球菌感染的新药，我们筛选了41种中草药化合物。筛选到15个化合物在10 μg/mL浓度下对S. agalactiae β-溶血/细胞溶解活性（IRBHC）有20%的抑制作用，23个化合物对生物膜形成（IRBF）有20%的抑制作用。其中，Corosolic酸活性最强（IRBHC: 99.60%; IRBF: 56.50%），用于罗非鱼体内抗无乳链球菌活性评价。其对无乳链球菌PBSA0901 β-溶血/溶细胞活性和生物膜形成的EC50值分别为4.88±0.08 μg/mL和6.03±1.09 μg/mL。暴露于花冠果酸后，细菌传代后溶血活性未恢复，花冠果酸（12.5 μg/mL）增加了无乳链球菌PBSA0901对H2O2的敏感性。50、100和200 mg/kg花椰果酸（高效液相色谱纯度为98%）和200 mg/kg花椰果酸（高效液相色谱纯度为98%）剂量下，无乳链球菌PBSA0901攻毒罗非鱼的相对存活率分别为37.47%、45.87%、51.03%和77.30%。科罗索酸增强抗氧化能力，改善血管生成标志物，调节代谢指标，减轻无乳葡萄球菌诱导的组织损伤。总的来说，它代表了一个有希望的治疗候选人控制罗非鱼无乳链球菌感染。

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引用次数: 0

Hybridization breeding and genetic relationship analysis of Heliocidaris crassispina and Strongylocentrotus intermedius 禾草轮虫与中间圆心轮虫杂交选育及亲缘关系分析

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2026.743647

Qingsong Shu, Yikun Cen, Dejian Su, Zirui Li, Zonghe Yu

To enhance environmental adaptability and stress resistance in sea urchins, distant hybridization has emerged as a key genetic improvement strategy. This study performed reciprocal crosses between Heliocidaris crassispina and Strongylocentrotus intermedius for the first time to systematically evaluate the hybrid offspring's performance regarding fertilization, development, morphology, and genetics. The results demonstrate that at 28 °C, the hybrid H. crassispina ♀ × S. intermedius ♂ showed optimal fertilization, hatching, and settlement rates of 94.84 ± 2.08%, 98.62 ± 2.08% and 52.37 ± 2.34%, respectively, requiring only 19 d to complete settlement. In contrast, at 18 °C, the corresponding rates were 94.33 ± 1.64%, 86.46 ± 3.75%, and 0.00%, with no successful settlement observed. In contrast, the hybrid S. intermedius ♀ × H. crassispina ♂ showed optimal performance at 18 °C. During development, the morphology of the planktonic larvae more closely resembled that of the maternal parent. Morphologically, the hybrid offspring displayed maternal-dominant but hybrid-specific phenotypes in terms of body color, spines, and tentacles. Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequence analysis showed that the genetic similarity between the hybrid offspring and the maternal parent exceeded 99.00%, significantly higher than that with the paternal parent (72.53 ± 0.07%). Phylogenetic tree analysis further indicated that the hybrid populations clustered with the maternal parent, demonstrating a clear maternal genetic bias. This study provides valuable insights into maternal influence on hybrid traits in sea urchins, supporting the development of resilient germplasms for sustainable aquaculture under climate change.

为了提高海胆的环境适应性和抗逆性，远缘杂交已成为一种重要的遗传改良策略。本研究首次对杂交后代的受精、发育、形态和遗传性能进行了系统评价。结果表明，在28℃条件下，杂交禾精♀×中间禾精的受精率、孵化率和沉降率分别为94.84±2.08%、98.62±2.08%和52.37±2.34%，只需19 d即可完成沉降。而在18°C时，相应的固结率分别为94.33±1.64%、86.46±3.75%和0.00%，均未见固结成功。杂交稻瘟病鼠♀×禾鼠♂在18℃条件下表现最佳。在发育过程中，浮游生物幼虫的形态更接近于母体。在形态上，杂交后代在体色、刺和触须方面表现出母体显性但杂交特异性的表型。ITS序列分析表明，杂交后代与亲本的遗传相似性超过99.00%，显著高于与父本的遗传相似性（72.53±0.07%）。系统进化树分析进一步表明，杂种群体与母本聚集在一起，显示出明显的母本遗传偏倚。本研究为了解母系对海胆杂交性状的影响提供了有价值的见解，为气候变化条件下可持续水产养殖的弹性种质开发提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

Patterns of introgression in farmed mussels: A genomic study of Mytilus spp. in northern Scotland and Ireland 养殖贻贝的遗传渗入模式：苏格兰北部和爱尔兰贻贝的基因组研究

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2026.743643

Ambre F. Chapuis , Alexis Simon , Gregg Arthur , Clémence Fraslin , Eleonora Cariolato , Luca Mirimin , Robert P. Ellis , Tim Regan

Understanding genetic diversity and gene flow, both within and between mussel populations, can inform population fitness and support sustainable aquaculture. While hybrid zones occur naturally across the Mytilus species complex's distribution, human activities and aquaculture practices can also bring genetically distinct mussel lineages into contact, promoting hybridisation. When these interactions occur across multiple locations, they offer insights into admixture, local adaptation, and their implications for aquaculture. We analysed the genetic structure of rope-grown Mytilus mussels from key sites along the Scottish and Irish coasts. A total of 204 individuals were genotyped using a medium-density multi-species SNP array. Samples included mussels from western Ireland and six Scottish sites: two from Shetland, one from Cromarty Firth, one from the Western Isles and one from the Aberdeen marine monument. Reference samples of M. edulis, M. galloprovincialis, and M. trossulus were included to assess hybridisation and introgression. Most populations showed predominant M. edulis ancestry with 10–25% M. galloprovincialis introgression, except Cromarty, where no introgression was detected. Mussels from Shetland, the Western Isles, and Ireland were more closely related, each showing varying levels of M. galloprovincialis ancestry. A distinct pattern was observed in Aberdeen, with individuals carrying ∼50% M. galloprovincialis ancestry, pointing to extensive admixture within a hybrid zone. Local and shared introgressed genomic regions were identified using ancestry inference software, ELAI, including signals of potential adaptive introgression. These findings highlight the complex ancestry and spatial genetic structure of Mytilus populations in the North Atlantic and demonstrate the utility of SNP arrays and reference data to inform site selection, spat source management, and aquaculture resilience under changing environmental and genetic conditions.

了解贻贝种群内部和种群之间的遗传多样性和基因流动，可以为种群适应性提供信息，并支持可持续水产养殖。虽然杂交带在贻贝物种复合体的分布中自然出现，但人类活动和水产养殖实践也可以使遗传上不同的贻贝谱系接触，促进杂交。当这些相互作用发生在多个地点时，它们提供了对混合、地方适应及其对水产养殖的影响的见解。我们分析了来自苏格兰和爱尔兰海岸关键地点的绳养贻贝的遗传结构。使用中密度多物种SNP阵列对204个个体进行了基因分型。样本包括来自西爱尔兰和六个苏格兰地点的贻贝：两个来自设得兰群岛，一个来自克罗马蒂湾，一个来自西群岛，一个来自阿伯丁海洋纪念碑。选取了毛竹分枝杆菌、加洛省分枝杆菌和trossulus分枝杆菌作为参考样本，以评估杂交和渐渗情况。除克罗马蒂外，大多数种群均表现为毛竹分枝杆菌的优势血统，有10-25%的加洛省分枝杆菌基因渗入。来自设得兰群岛、西群岛和爱尔兰的贻贝的亲缘关系更近，每个贻贝都显示出不同程度的加洛省支原体祖先。在阿伯丁观察到一种独特的模式，个体携带约50%的加洛省分枝杆菌祖先，表明在杂交区内存在广泛的混合。使用祖先推断软件ELAI识别局部和共享的基因渐渗区域，包括潜在的适应性渐渗信号。这些发现突出了北大西洋贻贝种群的复杂祖先和空间遗传结构，并证明了SNP阵列和参考数据在环境和遗传条件变化下的选址、贻贝源管理和水产养殖弹性方面的实用性。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating nutrient removal efficiency of aquatic plants in pond aquaculture discharges 评价池塘养殖污水中水生植物对营养物的去除效果

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2026.743645

Piotr Eljasik , Arkadiusz Nędzarek , Małgorzata Sobczak , Sławomir Lisiecki , Koushik Roy , Przemysław Śmietana , Remigiusz Panicz

Semi-intensive common carp (Cyprinus carpio) pond aquaculture in Central and Eastern Europe provides valuable ecosystem services, such as water retention and biodiversity hotspots, but may also contribute to nutrient pollution and eutrophication. This study assessed the phytoremediation potential, bioconcentration efficiency, and biomass yield of two aquatic plants—watercress (Nasturtium officinale) and duckweed (Lemna minor)—cultivated using carp farm effluents. Watercress yielded 7.99–11.92 kg m⁻², while duckweed yielded 2.54 kg m⁻². Watercress bioremediated 5.93–8.63% of total nitrogen (TN) and up to 23.43% of total phosphorus (TP), whereas duckweed removed 19.15% of TN and 57.89% of TP. Despite negligible carbon (C) retention, duckweed and watercress systems effectively reduced N (−9.9%) and P (−25.6%) concentrations of the carp pond effluents, with duckweed performing best in terms of nutrient uptake relative to the influx of nutrients. All phytoremediated water met the European Union Water Framework Directive limits for nitrogen concentration; duckweed-treated water also approached compliance with the limits for phosphorus concentration, safe for riverine discharge. Furthermore, both macrophytes remained within food-grade limits for heavy metals, providing safe and marketable biomass. These findings suggest that integrating watercress and duckweed production into carp aquaculture can diversify farm income while mitigating eutrophication through scalable, nature-based bioremediation solutions.

中欧和东欧半集约化鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）池塘养殖提供了宝贵的生态系统服务，如保水和生物多样性热点，但也可能导致营养污染和富营养化。本研究评估了两种水生植物——水田芥（旱金莲）和浮萍（lena minor）——利用鲤鱼养殖场废水培养的植物修复潜力、生物浓缩效率和生物量。豆瓣菜的产量为7.99 ~ 11.92 kg m−2，浮萍的产量为2.54 kg m−2。豆瓣对土壤总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）的生物修复率分别为5.93 ~ 8.63%和23.43%，而浮萍对TN和TP的生物修复率分别为19.15%和57.89%。尽管碳(C)的滞留可以忽略不计，但浮萍和豆瓣菜系统有效地降低了鲤鱼池废水中N（- 9.9%）和P（- 25.6%）的浓度，相对于养分的流入，浮萍在养分吸收方面表现最好。所有植物修复的水都符合欧盟水框架指令的氮浓度限制；浮萍处理后的水磷浓度也接近限值，可安全用于河流排放。此外，这两种大型植物的重金属含量都在食品级限制范围内，提供了安全和可销售的生物量。这些发现表明，将豆瓣菜和浮萍生产整合到鲤鱼养殖中可以使农场收入多样化，同时通过可扩展的、基于自然的生物修复解决方案减轻富营养化。

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引用次数: 0

TLR5-mediated pathogenic bacteria defense and functional maintenance of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus ovary tlr5介导的泥鳅卵巢病原菌防御及功能维持

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2026.743644

Yali Wang, Mengzhen Wang, Yanxia Lin, Yunfan Han, Enping Chen, Xiaohua Xia

Pathogenic microorganisms widely present in aquatic environments significantly increase the risk of disease outbreaks in fish farming. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial components of the innate immune system and play a vital role in resisting pathogenic microbial infections. However, the potential functions of TLRs in the innate immune regulation of fish reproductive system remains largely unexplored. In this study, we screened out TLRs expressed in the gonads by constructing male and female gonadal transcriptome libraries of loach at different developmental stages, and further identified MaTLR5 highly expressed in the ovary by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Bacterial binding assay and pull-down assay demonstrated that MaTLR5 was capable of recognizing multiple pathogenic microorganisms through extracellular LRR regions and conducting signal transduction through intracellular MyD88. More importantly, bioinformatics analysis revealed that MaTLR5 might affect ovarian endocrine homeostasis and reproductive activities by positively regulating the PI3K/Akt/FoxO signaling pathway. Hence, we further explored the effects of MaTLR5 knockdown on ovarian immunity and function by RNA interference technology. The research revealed that MaTLR5 knockdown significantly inhibited the activation of PI3K/AKT/FoxO and MyD88-dependent signaling pathways, promoted the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria, and thus led to abnormal sex hormone secretion and impaired oogenesis in the ovary, indicating the crucial role of MaTLR5 in regulating ovarian innate immunity and functional maintenance. Therefore, the present study reveals the significant role of TLR5 in the anti- disease defense and functional maintenance of fish reproductive systems, offering valuable guidance for reproductive health management and disease-resistant breeding strategies in the aquaculture industry.

水生环境中广泛存在的病原微生物大大增加了鱼类养殖中疾病爆发的风险。toll样受体（TLRs）是先天免疫系统的重要组成部分，在抵抗病原微生物感染中起着至关重要的作用。然而，tlr在鱼类生殖系统先天免疫调节中的潜在功能仍未得到充分研究。本研究通过构建泥鳅不同发育阶段雄性和雌性性腺转录组文库，筛选生殖腺中表达的TLRs，并通过实时荧光定量pcr （quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, qPCR）进一步鉴定卵巢中高表达的MaTLR5。细菌结合实验和下拉实验表明，MaTLR5能够通过胞外LRR区识别多种病原微生物，并通过胞内MyD88进行信号转导。更重要的是，生物信息学分析显示，MaTLR5可能通过正向调节PI3K/Akt/FoxO信号通路影响卵巢内分泌稳态和生殖活动。因此，我们通过RNA干扰技术进一步探讨了MaTLR5基因敲低对卵巢免疫和功能的影响。研究发现，MaTLR5敲低显著抑制PI3K/AKT/FoxO和myd88依赖性信号通路的激活，促进致病菌的增殖，从而导致卵巢性激素分泌异常，卵子生成受损，提示MaTLR5在调节卵巢先天免疫和功能维持中发挥重要作用。因此，本研究揭示了TLR5在鱼类生殖系统的抗病防御和功能维持中的重要作用，为水产养殖业的生殖健康管理和抗病育种策略提供了有价值的指导。

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引用次数: 0

Waterborne cadmium exposure provokes mucosal damage and inflammatory response in crayfish midgut via multiple types of signaling mediators 水中镉暴露通过多种信号介质引起小龙虾中肠粘膜损伤和炎症反应

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2026.743642

Keqiang Wei , Jiangtao Feng , Wenyue Zhou

Environmental cadmium exposure is generally regarded as a key culprit for inflammation occurrence. The unique histological structure of crustacean midgut probably performs critical functions in regional immunity. However, very little is known about its inflammatory reaction to harmful stimuli such as tissue injury and toxic substances. In the present study, adult male crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) were exposed to sub-lethal Cd concentrations (i.e. 2.5%, 12.5% and 25% of 96 h-LC₅₀) for 96 h. The status of oxidative stress in crayfish midgut was evaluated by the levels of ROS, T-AOC and MDA. Mucosal damage was assessed by H.E, AB-PAS and TUNEL staining of paraffin-embedded sections as well as the activities of caspase-3 and DAO in midgut tissue. The production and expression of multiple types of signaling mediators was further determined including PO, NO, H₂S, NF-κB p65, Nrf2 and p38 MAPK. The results indicated that Cd exposure could result in mucosal injury, as evidenced by increased levels of ROS, MDA, caspase-3 and apoptotic index but decreased activities of T-AOC and DAO, which should be mainly attributed to oxidative stress and apoptosis. Meanwhile, the staining results visually confirmed the changes of mucosal histological structure. Interestingly, the response of PO to Cd exposure was obviously different from that of gasotransmitters NO and H₂S (inhibition vs. enhancement). The distribution and expression of signaling components (viz. NF-κB p65, Nrf2 and p38 MAPK) occurred primarily in intestinal epithelium, and they were upregulated to varying degrees with increasing duration and dose of Cd exposure. Collectively, these findings suggested that midgut mucosa was the main site of inflammation, which was likely driven by hemocytes, epithelial cells and multiple types of signaling mediators. This study provided new evidence for the cellular and molecular mechanisms of intestinal inflammation in crustaceans.

环境镉暴露通常被认为是炎症发生的主要原因。甲壳类动物中肠独特的组织结构可能在区域免疫中起着关键作用。然而，对其对有害刺激如组织损伤和有毒物质的炎症反应知之甚少。本研究将成年雄性克氏原螯虾（Procambarus clarkii）暴露于亚致死Cd浓度（即96 h- lc50的2.5%、12.5%和25%）下96 h，通过测定ROS、T-AOC和MDA水平来评估小龙虾中肠氧化应激状态。通过石蜡包埋切片的H.E、AB-PAS和TUNEL染色，以及中肠组织caspase-3和DAO的活性评估粘膜损伤。进一步测定了PO、NO、H2S、NF-κB p65、Nrf2和p38 MAPK等多种信号介质的产生和表达。结果表明，Cd暴露可引起粘膜损伤，表现为ROS、MDA、caspase-3水平和凋亡指数升高，T-AOC和DAO活性降低，这主要与氧化应激和细胞凋亡有关。同时，染色结果直观地证实了粘膜组织结构的变化。有趣的是，PO对Cd的反应与气体递质NO和H2S的反应明显不同（抑制与增强）。信号传导成分（即NF-κB p65、Nrf2和p38 MAPK）的分布和表达主要发生在肠上皮中，并随着Cd暴露时间和剂量的增加而不同程度地上调。综上所述，这些发现表明，中肠粘膜是炎症的主要部位，可能是由血细胞、上皮细胞和多种信号介质驱动的。本研究为甲壳类动物肠道炎症的细胞和分子机制提供了新的证据。

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引用次数: 0

Establishment of a TaqMan qPCR assay for the rapid detection and quantification of Nocardia seriolae in aquaculture 水产养殖中诺卡菌快速检测与定量的TaqMan qPCR方法的建立

IF 3.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2026.743637

Zexia Chen , Yang Yu , Tiansheng Zhu , Chaowei Song , Zijun Wang , Ziyan Liu , Ran Cai , Lei Luo , Xiangjun Miao , Wensheng Li , Caiyun Sun

Nocardiosis, caused by Nocardia seriolae, is a chronic systemic disease that is difficult to be detected during its early stages and challenging to be treated at later stages, resulting in significant economic losses in aquaculture. In this study, a specific TaqMan qPCR assay was developed for the rapid detection and quantification of N. seriolae in aquaculture water and fish. The specific primers (GntRs-F/R) and probes (GntRs-P) were designed based on the multi-amino acid sequence alignment of GntR family transcription factors from various Nocardia species. The linear correlation between plasmid copy number and Cq values was described by the equation y = −3.3248× + 42.261, with an R² of 0.9965 and an amplification efficiency of 99.9%. Additionally, the assay exhibited high sensitivity, strong specificity, robust reproducibility, low variability, broad applicability, and high accuracy. Among 21 aquaculture water samples and 27 tissue samples of hybrid snakeheads, the positive detection rate using this assay was 91.7%, representing a 25% improvement compared with that obtained by conventional PCR. Tissue distribution analysis of N. seriolae in hybrid snakehead revealed that immune organs (liver, spleen, and kidney) and digestive organs (stomach and intestine) are the primary targets of infection. Furthermore, bacterial loads of N. seriolae in these tissues progressively increased during infection, ranging from 0.57 to 3.74 copies/ng. The assay of this study provided a valuable tool for both diagnosing fish nocardiosis and for elucidating the relationship between N. seriolae dynamics and the disease outbreaks in aquaculture.

由seriolae诺卡菌引起的诺卡菌病是一种慢性全身性疾病，在早期难以发现，后期难以治疗，给水产养殖业造成重大经济损失。本研究建立了一种特异的TaqMan qPCR方法，用于水产养殖水体和鱼类中梭状奈塞菌的快速检测和定量。特异引物（GntRs-F/R）和探针（GntRs-P）是根据诺卡菌不同种GntR家族转录因子的多氨基酸序列比对设计的。质粒拷贝数与Cq值的线性关系为y =−3.3248× + 42.261， R2为0.9965，扩增效率为99.9%。此外，该分析具有高灵敏度、强特异性、重复性强、低变异性、广泛适用性和高准确性。在21份水产养殖水样和27份杂交蛇头组织样品中，该方法的阳性检出率为91.7%，比传统PCR方法提高了25%。杂交蛇头的组织分布分析表明，免疫器官（肝、脾、肾）和消化器官（胃、肠）是感染的主要目标。此外，在感染过程中，这些组织中的细菌负荷逐渐增加，从0.57拷贝/ng到3.74拷贝/ng不等。本研究为鱼类诺卡菌病的诊断和阐明该疾病在水产养殖中的流行提供了有价值的工具。

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引用次数: 0