Type I photodynamic therapy is considered to be a more promising cancer treatment than type II photodynamic therapy due to its non-oxygen-dependent characteristics. In this work, three D–A structure N,N′-dihydrophenazine (DHP)-based photosensitizers DP-CNPY, SMP-CNPY and DMP-CNPY were designed and synthesized by introducing different numbers of methyl groups in the backbone neighbor of DHP as the donor and combined with the typical strong electron acceptor 2-(pyridin-4-yl)acetonitrile. Among the three photosensitizers, SMP-CNPY with one methyl modification showed the best type I ROS (O2−˙, ˙OH) generation capacity and AIE performance. By encapsulation, SMP-CNPY was fabricated into nanoparticles, and SMP-CNPY NPs exhibited lipid droplet targeting ability with near-infrared (NIR) emission. Cell experiments have proved that SMP-CNPY NPs can effectively kill different kinds of cancer cells under normal oxygen conditions. Even under hypoxic and extreme hypoxic conditions, SMP-CNPY NPs can still produce ROS and kill cancer cells. This work holds significant potential in the field of type I AIE-active photosensitizers and provides a new strategy for overcoming the hypoxic dilemma in the malignant tumor microenvironment.
{"title":"Regulating donor configuration to develop AIE-active type I photosensitizers for lipid droplet imaging and high-performance photodynamic therapy under hypoxia†","authors":"Jialei Xu, Xin Jin, Xiao Wu, Xinsheng Li, Chenglin Li, Sifan Li, Zhiyun Zhang and Jianli Hua","doi":"10.1039/D4TB00051J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB00051J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Type I photodynamic therapy is considered to be a more promising cancer treatment than type II photodynamic therapy due to its non-oxygen-dependent characteristics. In this work, three D–A structure <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>′-dihydrophenazine (DHP)-based photosensitizers <strong>DP-CNPY</strong>, <strong>SMP-CNPY</strong> and <strong>DMP-CNPY</strong> were designed and synthesized by introducing different numbers of methyl groups in the backbone neighbor of DHP as the donor and combined with the typical strong electron acceptor 2-(pyridin-4-yl)acetonitrile. Among the three photosensitizers, <strong>SMP-CNPY</strong> with one methyl modification showed the best type I ROS (O<small><sub>2</sub></small><small><sup>−</sup></small>˙, ˙OH) generation capacity and AIE performance. By encapsulation, <strong>SMP-CNPY</strong> was fabricated into nanoparticles, and <strong>SMP-CNPY</strong> NPs exhibited lipid droplet targeting ability with near-infrared (NIR) emission. Cell experiments have proved that <strong>SMP-CNPY</strong> NPs can effectively kill different kinds of cancer cells under normal oxygen conditions. Even under hypoxic and extreme hypoxic conditions, <strong>SMP-CNPY</strong> NPs can still produce ROS and kill cancer cells. This work holds significant potential in the field of type I AIE-active photosensitizers and provides a new strategy for overcoming the hypoxic dilemma in the malignant tumor microenvironment.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zongze Duan, Guizhi Dong, Hai Yang, Zhengwei Yan, Simin Liu, Yuanchen Dong and Zhiyong Zhao
DNA hydrogels have been demonstrated with the advantages of good stability, easy modification, and extraordinary biocompatibility, which enables their great application prospects in biosensing, tissue engineering, and biomedicine. Based on the host–guest recognition properties of cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]), we proposed a general method for constructing functional supramolecular DNA nanogels. Guest molecules have been conjugated into the DNA building units, which could be further crosslinked with CB[8] to construct supramolecular DNA nanogels. At the same time, the aptamer has also been modified into the hydrogel network to achieve cell targeting. These supramolecular DNA nanogels have been demonstrated with a controllable size and multiple stimuli responses, in addition to the excellent biocompatibility, stability and good targeting drug transport ability. Such a host–guest based strategy will provide a molecular library as a “toolbox” for the functionalization of DNA nanogels.
DNA水凝胶具有稳定性好、易修饰、生物相容性强等优点,在生物传感、组织工程和生物医学等领域具有广阔的应用前景。基于葫芦[8]脲(CB[8])的主客体识别特性,我们提出了一种构建功能性超分子 DNA 纳米凝胶的通用方法。客体分子被连接到 DNA 构建单元中,然后与 CB[8] 进一步交联,从而构建超分子 DNA 纳米凝胶。同时,水凝胶网络中还修饰了适配体,以实现细胞靶向。这些超分子 DNA 纳米凝胶不仅具有良好的生物相容性、稳定性和药物靶向转运能力,还具有尺寸可控、多种刺激响应等特点。这种基于主客体的策略将为 DNA 纳米凝胶的功能化提供一个分子库作为 "工具箱"。
{"title":"Supramolecular DNA nanogels through host–guest interaction for targeted drug delivery†","authors":"Zongze Duan, Guizhi Dong, Hai Yang, Zhengwei Yan, Simin Liu, Yuanchen Dong and Zhiyong Zhao","doi":"10.1039/D4TB00853G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB00853G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >DNA hydrogels have been demonstrated with the advantages of good stability, easy modification, and extraordinary biocompatibility, which enables their great application prospects in biosensing, tissue engineering, and biomedicine. Based on the host–guest recognition properties of cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]), we proposed a general method for constructing functional supramolecular DNA nanogels. Guest molecules have been conjugated into the DNA building units, which could be further crosslinked with CB[8] to construct supramolecular DNA nanogels. At the same time, the aptamer has also been modified into the hydrogel network to achieve cell targeting. These supramolecular DNA nanogels have been demonstrated with a controllable size and multiple stimuli responses, in addition to the excellent biocompatibility, stability and good targeting drug transport ability. Such a host–guest based strategy will provide a molecular library as a “toolbox” for the functionalization of DNA nanogels.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the heavy-atom-free BODIPY dendrimer TM4-BDP was synthesized for near-infrared photodynamic therapy, and was composed of a triphenylamine-BODIPY dimer and four 1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-indole-3-ethenyl groups. The TM4-BDP could achieve near-infrared photodynamic therapy through two different photosensitive pathways, which include one-photon excitation at 660 nm and two-photon excitation at 1000 nm. In the one-photon excitation pathway, the TM4-BDP could generate singlet oxygen and superoxide radicals under 660 nm illumination. In addition, the one-photon PDT experiment in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (CNE-2) cells also indicated that the TM4-BDP could specifically accumulate in lysosomes and show great cell phototoxicity with an IC50 of 22.1 μM. In the two-photon excitation pathway, the two-photon absorption cross-section at 1030 nm of TM4-BDP was determined to be 383 GM, which means that it could generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under 1000 nm femtosecond laser excitation. Moreover, the two-photon PDT experiment in zebrafish also indicated the TM4-BDP could be used for two-photon fluorescence imaging and two-photon induced ROS generation in biological environments. Furthermore, in terms of the ROS generation mechanism, the TM4-BDP employed a novel spin-vibronic coupling intersystem crossing (SV-ISC) process for the mechanism of ROS generation and the femtosecond transient absorption spectra indicated that this novel SV-ISC mechanism was closely related to its charge transfer state lifetime. These above experiments of TM4-BDP demonstrate that the dendrimer design is an effective strategy for constructing heavy-atom-free BODIPY photosensitizers in the near-infrared region and lay the foundation for two-photon photodynamic therapy in future clinical trials.
{"title":"Heavy-atom-free BODIPY dendrimer: utilizing the spin-vibronic coupling mechanism for two-photon photodynamic therapy in zebrafish†","authors":"Lingfeng Wang and Ying Qian","doi":"10.1039/D4TB00535J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB00535J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, the heavy-atom-free BODIPY dendrimer TM<small><sub>4</sub></small>-BDP was synthesized for near-infrared photodynamic therapy, and was composed of a triphenylamine-BODIPY dimer and four 1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1<em>H</em>-indole-3-ethenyl groups. The TM<small><sub>4</sub></small>-BDP could achieve near-infrared photodynamic therapy through two different photosensitive pathways, which include one-photon excitation at 660 nm and two-photon excitation at 1000 nm. In the one-photon excitation pathway, the TM<small><sub>4</sub></small>-BDP could generate singlet oxygen and superoxide radicals under 660 nm illumination. In addition, the one-photon PDT experiment in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (CNE-2) cells also indicated that the TM<small><sub>4</sub></small>-BDP could specifically accumulate in lysosomes and show great cell phototoxicity with an IC<small><sub>50</sub></small> of 22.1 μM. In the two-photon excitation pathway, the two-photon absorption cross-section at 1030 nm of TM<small><sub>4</sub></small>-BDP was determined to be 383 GM, which means that it could generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under 1000 nm femtosecond laser excitation. Moreover, the two-photon PDT experiment in zebrafish also indicated the TM<small><sub>4</sub></small>-BDP could be used for two-photon fluorescence imaging and two-photon induced ROS generation in biological environments. Furthermore, in terms of the ROS generation mechanism, the TM<small><sub>4</sub></small>-BDP employed a novel spin-vibronic coupling intersystem crossing (SV-ISC) process for the mechanism of ROS generation and the femtosecond transient absorption spectra indicated that this novel SV-ISC mechanism was closely related to its charge transfer state lifetime. These above experiments of TM<small><sub>4</sub></small>-BDP demonstrate that the dendrimer design is an effective strategy for constructing heavy-atom-free BODIPY photosensitizers in the near-infrared region and lay the foundation for two-photon photodynamic therapy in future clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kailin Zhang, Chengqiang Tang, Sihui Yu, Hang Guan, Xiao Sun, Mingjie Cao, Songlin Zhang, Xuemei Sun and Huisheng Peng
Flexible fiber electrodes offer new opportunities for bioelectronics and are reliable in vivo applications, high flexibility, high electrical conductivity, and satisfactory biocompatibility are typically required. Herein, we present an all-metal flexible and biocompatible fiber electrode based on a metal nanowire hybrid strategy, i.e., silver nanowires were assembled on a freestanding framework, and further to render them inert, they were plated with a gold nanoshell. Our fiber electrodes exhibited a low modulus of ∼75 MPa and electrical conductivity up to ∼4.8 × 106 S m−1. They can resist chemical erosion with negligible leakage of biotoxic silver ions in the physiological environment, thus ensuring satisfactory biocompatibility. Finally, we demonstrated the hybrid fiber as a neural electrode that stimulated the sciatic nerve of a mouse, proving its potential for applications in bioelectronics.
柔性纤维电极为生物电子学提供了新的机遇,要在体内可靠地应用,通常需要高柔性、高导电性和令人满意的生物相容性。在此,我们介绍了一种基于金属纳米线混合策略的全金属柔性生物相容性纤维电极,即在独立框架上组装银纳米线,并在银纳米线上镀金纳米壳,使其具有惰性。我们的纤维电极模量低至 ∼75 MPa,导电率高达 ∼4.8 × 106 S m-1。它们能抵御化学侵蚀,在生理环境中生物毒性银离子的泄漏几乎可以忽略不计,从而确保了令人满意的生物相容性。最后,我们展示了混合纤维作为神经电极刺激小鼠坐骨神经的效果,证明了其在生物电子学领域的应用潜力。
{"title":"High-performing fiber electrodes based on a gold-shelled silver nanowire framework for bioelectronics†","authors":"Kailin Zhang, Chengqiang Tang, Sihui Yu, Hang Guan, Xiao Sun, Mingjie Cao, Songlin Zhang, Xuemei Sun and Huisheng Peng","doi":"10.1039/D4TB00789A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB00789A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Flexible fiber electrodes offer new opportunities for bioelectronics and are reliable <em>in vivo</em> applications, high flexibility, high electrical conductivity, and satisfactory biocompatibility are typically required. Herein, we present an all-metal flexible and biocompatible fiber electrode based on a metal nanowire hybrid strategy, <em>i.e.</em>, silver nanowires were assembled on a freestanding framework, and further to render them inert, they were plated with a gold nanoshell. Our fiber electrodes exhibited a low modulus of ∼75 MPa and electrical conductivity up to ∼4.8 × 10<small><sup>6</sup></small> S m<small><sup>−1</sup></small>. They can resist chemical erosion with negligible leakage of biotoxic silver ions in the physiological environment, thus ensuring satisfactory biocompatibility. Finally, we demonstrated the hybrid fiber as a neural electrode that stimulated the sciatic nerve of a mouse, proving its potential for applications in bioelectronics.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141181722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dandan Liu, Shiyu Wang, Hui Wang, Zhenyu Zhang and Haibo Wang
Physical eutectogels as a newly emerging type of conductive gel have gained extensive interest for the next generation multifunctional electronic devices. Nevertheless, some obstacles, including weak mechanical performance, low self-adhesive strength, lack of self-healing capacity, and low conductivity, hinder their practical use in wearable strain sensors. Herein, lignin as a green filler and a multifunctional hydrogen bond donor was directly dissolved in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of acrylic acid (AA) and choline chloride, and lignin-reinforced physical eutectogels (DESL) were obtained by the polymerization of AA. Due to the unique features of lignin and DES, the prepared DESL eutectogels exhibit good transparency, UV shielding capacity, excellent mechanical performance, outstanding self-adhesiveness, superior self-healing properties, and high conductivity. Based on the aforementioned integrated functions, a wearable strain sensor displaying a wide working range (0–1500%), high sensitivity (GF = 18.15), rapid responsiveness, and excellent stability and durability (1000 cycles) and capable of detecting diverse human motions was fabricated. Additionally, by combining DESL sensors with a deep learning technique, a gesture recognition system with accuracy as high as 98.8% was achieved. Overall, this work provides an innovative idea for constructing multifunction-integrated physical eutectogels for application in wearable electronics.
{"title":"A flexible, stretchable and wearable strain sensor based on physical eutectogels for deep learning-assisted motion identification†","authors":"Dandan Liu, Shiyu Wang, Hui Wang, Zhenyu Zhang and Haibo Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4TB00809J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB00809J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Physical eutectogels as a newly emerging type of conductive gel have gained extensive interest for the next generation multifunctional electronic devices. Nevertheless, some obstacles, including weak mechanical performance, low self-adhesive strength, lack of self-healing capacity, and low conductivity, hinder their practical use in wearable strain sensors. Herein, lignin as a green filler and a multifunctional hydrogen bond donor was directly dissolved in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of acrylic acid (AA) and choline chloride, and lignin-reinforced physical eutectogels (DESL) were obtained by the polymerization of AA. Due to the unique features of lignin and DES, the prepared DESL eutectogels exhibit good transparency, UV shielding capacity, excellent mechanical performance, outstanding self-adhesiveness, superior self-healing properties, and high conductivity. Based on the aforementioned integrated functions, a wearable strain sensor displaying a wide working range (0–1500%), high sensitivity (GF = 18.15), rapid responsiveness, and excellent stability and durability (1000 cycles) and capable of detecting diverse human motions was fabricated. Additionally, by combining DESL sensors with a deep learning technique, a gesture recognition system with accuracy as high as 98.8% was achieved. Overall, this work provides an innovative idea for constructing multifunction-integrated physical eutectogels for application in wearable electronics.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141249154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neuromodulation aims to modulate the signaling activity of neurons or neural networks by the precise delivery of electrical stimuli or chemical agents and is crucial for understanding brain function and treating brain disorders. Conventional approaches, such as direct physical stimulation through electrical or acoustic methods, confront challenges stemming from their invasive nature, dependency on wired power sources, and unstable therapeutic outcomes. The emergence of stimulus-responsive delivery systems harbors the potential to revolutionize neuromodulation strategies through the precise and controlled release of neurochemicals in a specific brain region. This review comprehensively examines the biological barriers controlled release systems may encounter in vivo and the recent advances and applications of these systems in neuromodulation. We elucidate the intricate interplay between the molecular structure of delivery systems and response mechanisms to furnish insights for material selection and design. Additionally, the review contemplates the prospects and challenges associated with these systems in neuromodulation. The overarching objective is to propel the application of neuromodulation technology in analyzing brain functions, treating brain disorders, and providing insightful perspectives for exploiting new systems for biomedical applications.
{"title":"Recent advances in stimuli-responsive controlled release systems for neuromodulation","authors":"Jielin Shi, Chao Tan, Xiaoqian Ge, Zhenpeng Qin and Hejian Xiong","doi":"10.1039/D4TB00720D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB00720D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Neuromodulation aims to modulate the signaling activity of neurons or neural networks by the precise delivery of electrical stimuli or chemical agents and is crucial for understanding brain function and treating brain disorders. Conventional approaches, such as direct physical stimulation through electrical or acoustic methods, confront challenges stemming from their invasive nature, dependency on wired power sources, and unstable therapeutic outcomes. The emergence of stimulus-responsive delivery systems harbors the potential to revolutionize neuromodulation strategies through the precise and controlled release of neurochemicals in a specific brain region. This review comprehensively examines the biological barriers controlled release systems may encounter <em>in vivo</em> and the recent advances and applications of these systems in neuromodulation. We elucidate the intricate interplay between the molecular structure of delivery systems and response mechanisms to furnish insights for material selection and design. Additionally, the review contemplates the prospects and challenges associated with these systems in neuromodulation. The overarching objective is to propel the application of neuromodulation technology in analyzing brain functions, treating brain disorders, and providing insightful perspectives for exploiting new systems for biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141159352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lihui Yuwen, Pei Lu, Qi Zhang, Kaili Yang, Zhaowei Yin, Bin Liang and Lianhui Wang
Catalytic therapy based on nanozymes is promising for the treatment of bacterial infections. However, its therapeutic efficacy is usually restricted by the limited amount of hydrogen peroxide and the weak acidic environment in infected tissues. To solve these issues, we prepared polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–polyacrylic acid (PAA)–iron oxide (Fe3O4)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–zinc peroxide (ZnO2) double-layer electrospun nanofibers (PPF/PZ NFs). In this design, PVA serves as the carrier for ZnO2 nanoparticles (NPs), Fe3O4 NPs, and PAA. The double-layer structure of nanofibers can spatially separate the PAA and ZnO2 to avoid their reaction with each other during preparation and storage, while in the wet wound bed, PVA can dissolve and PAA can provide H+ ions to promote the generation of hydrogen peroxide and subsequent conversion to hydroxyl radicals for bacteria killing. In vitro experimental results demonstrated that PPF/PZ NFs can reduce the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by 3.1 log (99.92%). Moreover, PPF/PZ NFs can efficiently treat the bacterial infection in a mouse wound model and promote wound healing with negligible toxicity to animals, indicating their potential use as “plug-and-play” antibacterial wound dressings. This work provides a novel strategy for the construction of double-layer electrospun nanofibers as catalytic wound dressings with hydrogen peroxide/acid self-supplying properties for the efficient treatment of bacterial infections.
{"title":"H2O2/acid self-supplying double-layer electrospun nanofibers based on ZnO2 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles for efficient catalytic therapy of wound infection†","authors":"Lihui Yuwen, Pei Lu, Qi Zhang, Kaili Yang, Zhaowei Yin, Bin Liang and Lianhui Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4TB00506F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB00506F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Catalytic therapy based on nanozymes is promising for the treatment of bacterial infections. However, its therapeutic efficacy is usually restricted by the limited amount of hydrogen peroxide and the weak acidic environment in infected tissues. To solve these issues, we prepared polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–polyacrylic acid (PAA)–iron oxide (Fe<small><sub>3</sub></small>O<small><sub>4</sub></small>)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–zinc peroxide (ZnO<small><sub>2</sub></small>) double-layer electrospun nanofibers (PPF/PZ NFs). In this design, PVA serves as the carrier for ZnO<small><sub>2</sub></small> nanoparticles (NPs), Fe<small><sub>3</sub></small>O<small><sub>4</sub></small> NPs, and PAA. The double-layer structure of nanofibers can spatially separate the PAA and ZnO<small><sub>2</sub></small> to avoid their reaction with each other during preparation and storage, while in the wet wound bed, PVA can dissolve and PAA can provide H<small><sup>+</sup></small> ions to promote the generation of hydrogen peroxide and subsequent conversion to hydroxyl radicals for bacteria killing. <em>In vitro</em> experimental results demonstrated that PPF/PZ NFs can reduce the methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> by 3.1 log (99.92%). Moreover, PPF/PZ NFs can efficiently treat the bacterial infection in a mouse wound model and promote wound healing with negligible toxicity to animals, indicating their potential use as “plug-and-play” antibacterial wound dressings. This work provides a novel strategy for the construction of double-layer electrospun nanofibers as catalytic wound dressings with hydrogen peroxide/acid self-supplying properties for the efficient treatment of bacterial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141199051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Binapani Mahaling, Chandrashish Roy and Sourabh Ghosh
RNA-based therapeutics have exhibited remarkable potential in targeting genetic factors for disease intervention, exemplified by recent mRNA vaccines for COVID-19. Nevertheless, the intrinsic instability of RNA and challenges related to its translational efficiency remain significant obstacles to the development of RNA as therapeutics. This study introduces an innovative RNA delivery approach using a silk fibroin (SF) and positively charged gelatin (Gel) hydrogel matrix to enhance RNA stability for controlled release. As a proof of concept, whole-cell RNA was incorporated into the hydrogel to enhance interactions with RNA molecules. Additionally, molecular modeling studies were conducted to explore the interactions between SF, collagen, chitosan (Chi), and the various RNA species including ribosomal RNAs (28S, 18S, 8.5S, and 5S rRNAs), transfer RNAs (tRNA-ALA, tRNA-GLN, and tRNA-Leu), as well as messenger RNAs (mRNA-GAPDH, mRNA-β actin, and mRNA-Nanog), shedding light on the RNA–polymer interaction and RNA stability; SF exhibits a more robust interaction with RNA compared to collagen/gel and chitosan. We confirmed the molecular interactions of SF and RNA by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, which were further supported by AFM and contact angle measurement. This research introduces a novel RNA delivery platform and insights into biopolymer–RNA interactions, paving the way for tailored RNA delivery systems in therapeutics and biomedical applications.
{"title":"Silk–gelatin hybrid hydrogel: a potential carrier for RNA therapeutics","authors":"Binapani Mahaling, Chandrashish Roy and Sourabh Ghosh","doi":"10.1039/D4TB00491D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB00491D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >RNA-based therapeutics have exhibited remarkable potential in targeting genetic factors for disease intervention, exemplified by recent mRNA vaccines for COVID-19. Nevertheless, the intrinsic instability of RNA and challenges related to its translational efficiency remain significant obstacles to the development of RNA as therapeutics. This study introduces an innovative RNA delivery approach using a silk fibroin (SF) and positively charged gelatin (Gel) hydrogel matrix to enhance RNA stability for controlled release. As a proof of concept, whole-cell RNA was incorporated into the hydrogel to enhance interactions with RNA molecules. Additionally, molecular modeling studies were conducted to explore the interactions between SF, collagen, chitosan (Chi), and the various RNA species including ribosomal RNAs (28S, 18S, 8.5S, and 5S rRNAs), transfer RNAs (tRNA-ALA, tRNA-GLN, and tRNA-Leu), as well as messenger RNAs (mRNA-GAPDH, mRNA-β actin, and mRNA-Nanog), shedding light on the RNA–polymer interaction and RNA stability; SF exhibits a more robust interaction with RNA compared to collagen/gel and chitosan. We confirmed the molecular interactions of SF and RNA by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, which were further supported by AFM and contact angle measurement. This research introduces a novel RNA delivery platform and insights into biopolymer–RNA interactions, paving the way for tailored RNA delivery systems in therapeutics and biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141249143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dong Mo, Wei Cui, Linxin Chen, Juanjuan Meng, Yuting Sun, Kaiyong Cai, Jixi Zhang, Jianrong Zhang, Kui Wang and Xiaohe Luo
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common pathological process during hepatectomy and liver transplantation and the two primary reasons for hepatic IRI are reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress and excessive inflammatory responses. Herein, a novel antioxidant nanodrug (A-MPDA@Fe3O4@PVP) is prepared by employing L-arginine-doped mesoporous polydopamine (A-MPDA) nanoparticles as the carrier for deposition of ultra-small ferric oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and further surface modification with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). A-MPDA@Fe3O4@PVP not only effectively reduces the aggregation of ultra-small Fe3O4, but also simultaneously replicates the catalytic activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). A-MPDA@Fe3O4@PVP with good antioxidant activity can rapidly remove various toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and effectively regulate macrophage polarization in vitro. In the treatment of hepatic IRI, A-MPDA@Fe3O4@PVP effectively alleviates ROS-induced oxidative stress, reduces the expression of inflammatory factors, and prevents apoptosis of hepatocytes through immune regulation. A-MPDA@Fe3O4@PVP can further protect liver tissue by activating the PPARγ/NF-κB pathway. This multiplex antioxidant enzyme therapy can provide new references for the treatment of IRI in organ transplantation and other ROS-related injuries such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, and bacterial and hepatic viral infection.
{"title":"Activation of the PPARγ/NF-κB pathway by A-MPDA@Fe3O4@PVP via scavenging reactive oxygen species to alleviate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury†","authors":"Dong Mo, Wei Cui, Linxin Chen, Juanjuan Meng, Yuting Sun, Kaiyong Cai, Jixi Zhang, Jianrong Zhang, Kui Wang and Xiaohe Luo","doi":"10.1039/D4TB00423J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB00423J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common pathological process during hepatectomy and liver transplantation and the two primary reasons for hepatic IRI are reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress and excessive inflammatory responses. Herein, a novel antioxidant nanodrug (A-MPDA@Fe<small><sub>3</sub></small>O<small><sub>4</sub></small>@PVP) is prepared by employing <small>L</small>-arginine-doped mesoporous polydopamine (A-MPDA) nanoparticles as the carrier for deposition of ultra-small ferric oxide (Fe<small><sub>3</sub></small>O<small><sub>4</sub></small>) nanoparticles and further surface modification with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). A-MPDA@Fe<small><sub>3</sub></small>O<small><sub>4</sub></small>@PVP not only effectively reduces the aggregation of ultra-small Fe<small><sub>3</sub></small>O<small><sub>4</sub></small>, but also simultaneously replicates the catalytic activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). A-MPDA@Fe<small><sub>3</sub></small>O<small><sub>4</sub></small>@PVP with good antioxidant activity can rapidly remove various toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and effectively regulate macrophage polarization <em>in vitro</em>. In the treatment of hepatic IRI, A-MPDA@Fe<small><sub>3</sub></small>O<small><sub>4</sub></small>@PVP effectively alleviates ROS-induced oxidative stress, reduces the expression of inflammatory factors, and prevents apoptosis of hepatocytes through immune regulation. A-MPDA@Fe<small><sub>3</sub></small>O<small><sub>4</sub></small>@PVP can further protect liver tissue by activating the PPARγ/NF-κB pathway. This multiplex antioxidant enzyme therapy can provide new references for the treatment of IRI in organ transplantation and other ROS-related injuries such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, and bacterial and hepatic viral infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junhao Gu, Danling Cheng, Haiyan Li, Tao Yu, Zhenghe Zhang, Yue Liu, Xiaoying Wang, Xia Lu and Jingchao Li
Due to the rapid progression and aggressive metastasis of breast cancer, its diagnosis and treatment remain a great challenge. The simultaneous inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis is necessary for breast cancer to obtain ideal therapeutic outcomes. We herein report the development of radioactive hybrid semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNH) for imaging-guided tri-modal therapy of breast cancer. Two semiconducting polymers are used to form SPNH with a diameter of around 60 nm via nano-coprecipitation and they are also labeled with iodine-131 (131I) to enhance the imaging functions. The formed SPNH show good radiolabeling stability and excellent photodynamic and photothermal effects under 808 nm laser irradiation to produce singlet oxygen (1O2) and heat. Moreover, SPNH can generate 1O2 with ultrasound irradiation via their sonodynamic properties. After intravenous tail vein injection, SPNH can effectively accumulate in the subcutaneous 4T1 tumors of living mice as verified via fluorescence and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. With the irradiation of tumors using an 808 nm laser and US, SPNH mediate photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) to kill tumor cells. Such a tri-modal therapy leads to an improved efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth and suppressing tumor metastasis compared to the sole SDT and combinational PDT–PTT. This study thus demonstrates the applications of SPNH to diagnose tumors and combine different therapies for effective breast cancer treatment.
{"title":"Radioactive hybrid semiconducting polymer nanoparticles for imaging-guided tri-modal therapy of breast cancer†","authors":"Junhao Gu, Danling Cheng, Haiyan Li, Tao Yu, Zhenghe Zhang, Yue Liu, Xiaoying Wang, Xia Lu and Jingchao Li","doi":"10.1039/D4TB00834K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB00834K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Due to the rapid progression and aggressive metastasis of breast cancer, its diagnosis and treatment remain a great challenge. The simultaneous inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis is necessary for breast cancer to obtain ideal therapeutic outcomes. We herein report the development of radioactive hybrid semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPN<small><sub>H</sub></small>) for imaging-guided tri-modal therapy of breast cancer. Two semiconducting polymers are used to form SPN<small><sub>H</sub></small> with a diameter of around 60 nm <em>via</em> nano-coprecipitation and they are also labeled with iodine-131 (<small><sup>131</sup></small>I) to enhance the imaging functions. The formed SPN<small><sub>H</sub></small> show good radiolabeling stability and excellent photodynamic and photothermal effects under 808 nm laser irradiation to produce singlet oxygen (<small><sup>1</sup></small>O<small><sub>2</sub></small>) and heat. Moreover, SPN<small><sub>H</sub></small> can generate <small><sup>1</sup></small>O<small><sub>2</sub></small> with ultrasound irradiation <em>via</em> their sonodynamic properties. After intravenous tail vein injection, SPN<small><sub>H</sub></small> can effectively accumulate in the subcutaneous 4T1 tumors of living mice as verified <em>via</em> fluorescence and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. With the irradiation of tumors using an 808 nm laser and US, SPN<small><sub>H</sub></small> mediate photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) to kill tumor cells. Such a tri-modal therapy leads to an improved efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth and suppressing tumor metastasis compared to the sole SDT and combinational PDT–PTT. This study thus demonstrates the applications of SPN<small><sub>H</sub></small> to diagnose tumors and combine different therapies for effective breast cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141199533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}