Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2023/v17i2319
Sandesh Behera, Bikash Chandra Behera, H. Thatoi
The Lignin-related nanomaterials have received a lot of attention from the academic and industry communities in the present nanotechnology research area. Advanced performance can be provided by converting lignin into micro and nanostructures, which may be formed using practical standard apparatus. To improve the functionality of the applications, tunable lignin nanoparticles may also be produced. Because lignin contains a variety of chemical moieties and has a unique network structure, it has useful qualities such UV absorbance, biodegradability, stabilizing and reinforcing effects, as well as anti-fungal and antibiotic action. Thus, the nanoscale transformation of lignin and its translation into nanomaterials might definitely open up new possibilities for the development of novel materials with intriguing features.
{"title":"Valorization of Lignin Based Nanoparticle from Grass Biomass: An Overview on Synthesis, Characterization and Application","authors":"Sandesh Behera, Bikash Chandra Behera, H. Thatoi","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2023/v17i2319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2023/v17i2319","url":null,"abstract":"The Lignin-related nanomaterials have received a lot of attention from the academic and industry communities in the present nanotechnology research area. Advanced performance can be provided by converting lignin into micro and nanostructures, which may be formed using practical standard apparatus. To improve the functionality of the applications, tunable lignin nanoparticles may also be produced. Because lignin contains a variety of chemical moieties and has a unique network structure, it has useful qualities such UV absorbance, biodegradability, stabilizing and reinforcing effects, as well as anti-fungal and antibiotic action. Thus, the nanoscale transformation of lignin and its translation into nanomaterials might definitely open up new possibilities for the development of novel materials with intriguing features.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87159402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-10DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2023/v17i2318
Nkanta, Glory Ubong, Abiaobo Nsikak Okon, Ukpatu, John Etitigwun
The Length-Weight Relationship (LWR) of Oreochromis niloticus from the Qua Iboe River Estuary was studied for 12 months; from April 2021-March 2022. Fish samples were collected from the catches of artisanal fisheries using various mesh sizes of gill and cast nets. The b values in males ranged from 2.25-3.08 with a mean of 2.7333 0.2743 while that of the females varied between 2.41 and 2.930 with a mean value of 2.7075 0.1804). The overall growth coefficient in the LWR (W=aLb) ranged from 2.25-3.08 with a mean value of 2.72±0.04. Both males and females recorded negative allometric growth, and the exponents were significantly less than isometric (p<0.05). Higher b values were recorded in males. There was no significant difference between the b-values of males and females (p> 0.05) during this study with the respective exponential relationships. These data indicated that the length-weight relationships were similar in both sexes during the study period. A higher b-value was recorded in the wet season but there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between the dry (November-March) and wet season (April-October).This study provides the basic information which could enhance production potential of O. niloticus and its sustainable development, culture and management in Qua Iboe River Estuary,Nigeria.
{"title":"Assessment of Length-Weight Relationship of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) from Qua Iboe River Estuary, Southeastern, Nigeria","authors":"Nkanta, Glory Ubong, Abiaobo Nsikak Okon, Ukpatu, John Etitigwun","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2023/v17i2318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2023/v17i2318","url":null,"abstract":"The Length-Weight Relationship (LWR) of Oreochromis niloticus from the Qua Iboe River Estuary was studied for 12 months; from April 2021-March 2022. Fish samples were collected from the catches of artisanal fisheries using various mesh sizes of gill and cast nets. The b values in males ranged from 2.25-3.08 with a mean of 2.7333 0.2743 while that of the females varied between 2.41 and 2.930 with a mean value of 2.7075 0.1804). The overall growth coefficient in the LWR (W=aLb) ranged from 2.25-3.08 with a mean value of 2.72±0.04. Both males and females recorded negative allometric growth, and the exponents were significantly less than isometric (p<0.05). Higher b values were recorded in males. There was no significant difference between the b-values of males and females (p> 0.05) during this study with the respective exponential relationships. These data indicated that the length-weight relationships were similar in both sexes during the study period. A higher b-value was recorded in the wet season but there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between the dry (November-March) and wet season (April-October).This study provides the basic information which could enhance production potential of O. niloticus and its sustainable development, culture and management in Qua Iboe River Estuary,Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76377786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-09DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2023/v17i2317
Ukpatu, John Etitigwun, Udoidiong, Okon Micheal, Nkanta, Glory
Size Structures, Length-Weight Relationships and Condition Factors of Synodontis obesus ((Boulenger, 1898: Siluiformes, Mochokidae) were carried out with standard methods in the Lower Cross River, Nigeria to assess the population dynamics of the rarely studied but commercially important species. A total of 241 specimens (124: wet season and 117: dry season) were collected at Ayadehe Head Bridge fishing port in Itu Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria from August 2020 to January 2021. The overall abundance showed high size variability within months and between seasons. The total biomass of the specimens collected was heavier in the wet season (12020.33g =12.02Kg) than in the dry season (10709.3g =10.7Kg) with an overall biomass of (22729.63g =22.7Kg). The overall size structures were: 15.0 – 28.30 cm, mean: 21.52.44 cm TL; 12.0 – 20.5 cm, mean: 15.881.6 cm SL and 13.20 – 21.50 cm, mean: 16.881.64 cm FL. The total weight of the species varied from 42.30 – 166.0g with overall mean value of 94.31603g. The length and body weight of fish samples caught for both wet and dry season were significantly different (p<0.05).The length composition of the species exhibits unimodal, bimodal and trimodal growth patterns. The species had heterogeneous groups or cohorts (1+, 2+ and 3+) with variation in body weight. The length-at-first maturity of S. obesus was 20.85 cm mid length. Growth coefficient (b) varied between (2.497) for the wet season and (2.617) for the dry season respectively with the mean growth coefficient (b=2.532) in the LWR (W= aLb). The species exhibited negative allometric growth pattern with an increase in length resulting to increase in weight of the fish. The condition factor (K) decreased with increased in the size of fish and ranged from 2.17-2.57 (Mean: 2.35) in both wet and dry seasons. The average condition factor (K) (2.35±0.15) was 1.0 for both seasons revealing that the species was in good physiological state of well-being. The condition factor (K) of S. obesus by size category showed K-values for recruitssexually mature fishaged fish. Thus fish size is an exponential index of condition factor. The results of this study constitute valuable fisheries data that would enhance the availability, conservation, valorization, exploitation and sustainability of S. obesus in the Lower Cross River, Nigeria.
{"title":"Size Structures, Length-Weight Relationships and Condition Factors of Synodontis obesus (Boulenger, 1898: Siluriformes, Mochokidae) in the Lower Cross River, Nigeria","authors":"Ukpatu, John Etitigwun, Udoidiong, Okon Micheal, Nkanta, Glory","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2023/v17i2317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2023/v17i2317","url":null,"abstract":"Size Structures, Length-Weight Relationships and Condition Factors of Synodontis obesus ((Boulenger, 1898: Siluiformes, Mochokidae) were carried out with standard methods in the Lower Cross River, Nigeria to assess the population dynamics of the rarely studied but commercially important species. A total of 241 specimens (124: wet season and 117: dry season) were collected at Ayadehe Head Bridge fishing port in Itu Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria from August 2020 to January 2021. The overall abundance showed high size variability within months and between seasons. The total biomass of the specimens collected was heavier in the wet season (12020.33g =12.02Kg) than in the dry season (10709.3g =10.7Kg) with an overall biomass of (22729.63g =22.7Kg). The overall size structures were: 15.0 – 28.30 cm, mean: 21.52.44 cm TL; 12.0 – 20.5 cm, mean: 15.881.6 cm SL and 13.20 – 21.50 cm, mean: 16.881.64 cm FL. The total weight of the species varied from 42.30 – 166.0g with overall mean value of 94.31603g. The length and body weight of fish samples caught for both wet and dry season were significantly different (p<0.05).The length composition of the species exhibits unimodal, bimodal and trimodal growth patterns. The species had heterogeneous groups or cohorts (1+, 2+ and 3+) with variation in body weight. The length-at-first maturity of S. obesus was 20.85 cm mid length. Growth coefficient (b) varied between (2.497) for the wet season and (2.617) for the dry season respectively with the mean growth coefficient (b=2.532) in the LWR (W= aLb). The species exhibited negative allometric growth pattern with an increase in length resulting to increase in weight of the fish. The condition factor (K) decreased with increased in the size of fish and ranged from 2.17-2.57 (Mean: 2.35) in both wet and dry seasons. The average condition factor (K) (2.35±0.15) was 1.0 for both seasons revealing that the species was in good physiological state of well-being. The condition factor (K) of S. obesus by size category showed K-values for recruitssexually mature fishaged fish. Thus fish size is an exponential index of condition factor. The results of this study constitute valuable fisheries data that would enhance the availability, conservation, valorization, exploitation and sustainability of S. obesus in the Lower Cross River, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79763867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-08DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2023/v17i1315
D. Al-Ramamneh
Thermoregulation is the capability of an animal to maintain its core internal temperature by homeostasis. Small ruminants like sheep and goats acclimate to different environmental changes and often perform better during heat stress than other ruminants. Adapting small ruminants to exceptional weather events occurs through behavioral, genetic, physiological, and morphological mechanisms. Small ruminants can mitigate the consequences of thermal stress using behavioral strategies such as consuming more water, looking for shade, consuming less feed, standing instead of lying down behavior, and other morphological mechanisms such as size, shape, coat color, coat depth, pigmentation, and fat storage. Small ruminants also respond to thermal changes through physiological mechanisms such as variations in respiration, heart rate, core temperature, sweating rate, metabolic rate, and endocrine functions. From the genetic point of view, animals could inherit traits that favor their survival in specific climatic conditions. The adaptation of small ruminants to different thermal environments is determined by an elaborate network of genes with specific genome-wide DNA markers improving toleration to excessive heat. Therefore, genetic identification and analysis of thermotolerance genes should be applied as markers in breeding programs.
{"title":"Thermoregulation in Sheep and Goats: A Review","authors":"D. Al-Ramamneh","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2023/v17i1315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2023/v17i1315","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoregulation is the capability of an animal to maintain its core internal temperature by homeostasis. Small ruminants like sheep and goats acclimate to different environmental changes and often perform better during heat stress than other ruminants. Adapting small ruminants to exceptional weather events occurs through behavioral, genetic, physiological, and morphological mechanisms. Small ruminants can mitigate the consequences of thermal stress using behavioral strategies such as consuming more water, looking for shade, consuming less feed, standing instead of lying down behavior, and other morphological mechanisms such as size, shape, coat color, coat depth, pigmentation, and fat storage. Small ruminants also respond to thermal changes through physiological mechanisms such as variations in respiration, heart rate, core temperature, sweating rate, metabolic rate, and endocrine functions. From the genetic point of view, animals could inherit traits that favor their survival in specific climatic conditions. The adaptation of small ruminants to different thermal environments is determined by an elaborate network of genes with specific genome-wide DNA markers improving toleration to excessive heat. Therefore, genetic identification and analysis of thermotolerance genes should be applied as markers in breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87949475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-06DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2023/v17i1314
Mr. C. A. Chidi, T. Mogbo, C. E. Akunne
Aim: Honey is the earliest sweetener human beings have found. The values of honey are too numerous, such as food source, raw material for industries and as symbol employed in therapeutic ceremonies, but it’s availability and supply through traditional honey hunting remain a major constraint to its production and supply. This Field trials assessed the efficacy of Aidan fruit (Tetrapleura tetraptera) extract and Pineapple juice as alternative baits of honeybees (Apis mellifera adansonii) for the production of honey and other hive products. Study Design: Completely Randomized Design. Place and Duration of Study: Honeybee Research Centre of the Department of Zoology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B.5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria, between July 2020 and February, 2022. Methodology: Phytochemical analyses of the two plant-based materials were conducted in the laboratory using standard scientific methods. A total of 9 hives divided into 3 treatment groups: A1-3; P1-3 and H1-3 were used for the study. All the experimental hives were installed at the apiary unit of the HRC and monitored daily until colonization occurred. Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) while sample means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 5% significant level (P = 0.05). Results: The results revealed that the trial baits contained moderate (++) presence of terpenoids as phytochemical component responsible for attracting bees. The results revealed also that the hives treated with the trial baits recorded equal rates of colonization of 66.67% as against the control which recorded 100% respectively. Conclusion: The results suggest that these two plant-based materials can serve as alternative attractants of honeybees in beekeeping for the production of honey and other hive products.
{"title":"Assessment of Two Plant-Based Materials as Alternative Attractant of Honeybees (Apis Mellifera adansonii) for Production of Honey and Other Hive Products in Awka, Nigeria","authors":"Mr. C. A. Chidi, T. Mogbo, C. E. Akunne","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2023/v17i1314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2023/v17i1314","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Honey is the earliest sweetener human beings have found. The values of honey are too numerous, such as food source, raw material for industries and as symbol employed in therapeutic ceremonies, but it’s availability and supply through traditional honey hunting remain a major constraint to its production and supply. This Field trials assessed the efficacy of Aidan fruit (Tetrapleura tetraptera) extract and Pineapple juice as alternative baits of honeybees (Apis mellifera adansonii) for the production of honey and other hive products. \u0000Study Design: Completely Randomized Design. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Honeybee Research Centre of the Department of Zoology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B.5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria, between July 2020 and February, 2022. \u0000Methodology: Phytochemical analyses of the two plant-based materials were conducted in the laboratory using standard scientific methods. A total of 9 hives divided into 3 treatment groups: A1-3; P1-3 and H1-3 were used for the study. All the experimental hives were installed at the apiary unit of the HRC and monitored daily until colonization occurred. \u0000Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) while sample means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 5% significant level (P = 0.05). \u0000Results: The results revealed that the trial baits contained moderate (++) presence of terpenoids as phytochemical component responsible for attracting bees. The results revealed also that the hives treated with the trial baits recorded equal rates of colonization of 66.67% as against the control which recorded 100% respectively. \u0000Conclusion: The results suggest that these two plant-based materials can serve as alternative attractants of honeybees in beekeeping for the production of honey and other hive products.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76066226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2023/v17i1313
D. Abdou, Ndiaye Babacar, Diallo Thierno Abdoulaye, M. Chantal, Dubrous Phillippe, Guèye Omar, Rouguiyatou Diallo, S. Abdoulaye
Background: Rotavirus infection is the most important cause of infectious, severe and dehydrating diarrhea and death in children aged 5 and under and continues to have a significant impact on child morbidity and mortality in our countries. The aim of this study was to retrospectively determine prevalence of rotavirus and adenovirus in patients presenting with gastroenteritis symptoms and the distribution of pathogens according to gender, age and season. Materials and Methods: Stool samples received at the medical microbiology laboratory between January 2018 and December 2022 were evaluated for rotavirus/adenovirus antigen with BIOSYNEX Rotavirus/Adenovirus BSS kit (BIOSYNEX, Switzerland). Results: Rotavirus was detected in 36 (6.96%) of the 517 stool samples evaluated and 16 (3.09%) samples were positive for adenovirus. Co-infection was detected in 10 samples (1.93%). Prevalence of rotavirus and adenovirus was 12.22% (28/229) and 4.80% (11/229) respectively in children aged 0-12 months. Our results showed a significant difference between the patients among the three study groups (rotavirus, adenovirus and mixed) with regard to their age categories. Regarding the monthly distribution, the highest detection rate of rotavirus gastroenteritis was found between the months of September (12.28%) and February (14.89%). Adenoviruses were detected continuously over a period from June to December with a significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of viral diarrhoea in children in our region and the morbidity and mortality that can be associated with it, it is important that medical laboratories are equipped to detect viruses specifically rotavirus and adenovirus for efficient management. All of these actions combined with vaccination will contribute to a significant reduction in the burden of these infections on our health system.
{"title":"Prevalence of Rotavirus and Adenovirus in Children with Acute Viral Gastroenteritis in Dakar, Senegal, 2018-2022","authors":"D. Abdou, Ndiaye Babacar, Diallo Thierno Abdoulaye, M. Chantal, Dubrous Phillippe, Guèye Omar, Rouguiyatou Diallo, S. Abdoulaye","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2023/v17i1313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2023/v17i1313","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rotavirus infection is the most important cause of infectious, severe and dehydrating diarrhea and death in children aged 5 and under and continues to have a significant impact on child morbidity and mortality in our countries. The aim of this study was to retrospectively determine prevalence of rotavirus and adenovirus in patients presenting with gastroenteritis symptoms and the distribution of pathogens according to gender, age and season. \u0000Materials and Methods: Stool samples received at the medical microbiology laboratory between January 2018 and December 2022 were evaluated for rotavirus/adenovirus antigen with BIOSYNEX Rotavirus/Adenovirus BSS kit (BIOSYNEX, Switzerland). \u0000Results: Rotavirus was detected in 36 (6.96%) of the 517 stool samples evaluated and 16 (3.09%) samples were positive for adenovirus. Co-infection was detected in 10 samples (1.93%). Prevalence of rotavirus and adenovirus was 12.22% (28/229) and 4.80% (11/229) respectively in children aged 0-12 months. Our results showed a significant difference between the patients among the three study groups (rotavirus, adenovirus and mixed) with regard to their age categories. Regarding the monthly distribution, the highest detection rate of rotavirus gastroenteritis was found between the months of September (12.28%) and February (14.89%). Adenoviruses were detected continuously over a period from June to December with a significant difference (p<0.05). \u0000Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of viral diarrhoea in children in our region and the morbidity and mortality that can be associated with it, it is important that medical laboratories are equipped to detect viruses specifically rotavirus and adenovirus for efficient management. All of these actions combined with vaccination will contribute to a significant reduction in the burden of these infections on our health system.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75865903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-28DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2023/v17i1312
Abu Sayed, M. Hossain, Efaaj Islam, M. Asgar
AKT or Protein Kinase B, the serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, is found in three analogous isoforms in cells of human and animal bodies. AKT is regulated and activated via various upstream regulators including GPCR (G protein-coupled receptor), RTK (Receptor tyrosine kinase), SYK (spleen tyrosine kinase), JAK (Janus kinase), and RAS lead to the further activation of multiple coordinated downstream cascades. The dysregulation of these pathways affects the cell cycle and cell proliferation, resulting in the development of carcinoma. Therefore, the study aimed with the objectives to explore all the major upstreaming and downstreaming regulators and associated signaling transduction pathways of AKT as an approach for further detailed studies or clinical management of tumors or cancers via targeted protein-based drug developments.
{"title":"Upstreaming and Downstreaming Regulators and associated signaling transduction pathways of AKT/PKB: A Molecular Gateway to Progressive Carcinoma","authors":"Abu Sayed, M. Hossain, Efaaj Islam, M. Asgar","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2023/v17i1312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2023/v17i1312","url":null,"abstract":"AKT or Protein Kinase B, the serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, is found in three analogous isoforms in cells of human and animal bodies. AKT is regulated and activated via various upstream regulators including GPCR (G protein-coupled receptor), RTK (Receptor tyrosine kinase), SYK (spleen tyrosine kinase), JAK (Janus kinase), and RAS lead to the further activation of multiple coordinated downstream cascades. The dysregulation of these pathways affects the cell cycle and cell proliferation, resulting in the development of carcinoma. Therefore, the study aimed with the objectives to explore all the major upstreaming and downstreaming regulators and associated signaling transduction pathways of AKT as an approach for further detailed studies or clinical management of tumors or cancers via targeted protein-based drug developments.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77263040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-07DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2023/v17i1311
S. Joshi, Deepak Dhami, D. Rawat
Objective: High structural diversity of trichomes in the members of family Fabaceae Lindl. has been a subject of study from decades. The present study was aimed to study structural diversity of trichomes in Power Puff Tree (Calliandra haematocephala,Caesalpinioideae, Fabaceae) a pan-tropical ornamental tree. Methods: Plant specimens were collected from the campus of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar (India) during the year 2020. Plant species was identified with the help of relevant Floras. Fresh plant material was used for vestiture and trichome study under light microscope using standard anatomical procedures. Illustrations of trichomes were drawn by using prism type camera lucida and photographs were taken at different magnifications. Standard terminology of trichome types given by payne 1978 was adopted to describe different structural types of trichomes. Results: Nine different types of glandular and non-glandular trichomes were recorded in Calliandra haematocephala Hassk. Four different vestiture types were recorded on the surfaces of studied parts. Trichomes were found present in all vegetative parts and some reproductive parts viz; peduncle, bracts, bracteole, petals while other reproductive parts like sepals, filaments, anther, ovary, style and stigma were found completely glabrous. Present study suggests that trichome morphology and distribution on different plant parts can be used to identify plant species. Calliandra haematocephala Hassk. can be identified in its vegetative phase of life when floral parts are lacking or fragmentary.
{"title":"Diversity of Trichomes in Calliandra haematocephala Hassk. (Caesalpinioideae DC., Fabaceae Lindl.)","authors":"S. Joshi, Deepak Dhami, D. Rawat","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2023/v17i1311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2023/v17i1311","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: High structural diversity of trichomes in the members of family Fabaceae Lindl. has been a subject of study from decades. The present study was aimed to study structural diversity of trichomes in Power Puff Tree (Calliandra haematocephala,Caesalpinioideae, Fabaceae) a pan-tropical ornamental tree. \u0000Methods: Plant specimens were collected from the campus of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar (India) during the year 2020. Plant species was identified with the help of relevant Floras. Fresh plant material was used for vestiture and trichome study under light microscope using standard anatomical procedures. Illustrations of trichomes were drawn by using prism type camera lucida and photographs were taken at different magnifications. Standard terminology of trichome types given by payne 1978 was adopted to describe different structural types of trichomes. \u0000Results: Nine different types of glandular and non-glandular trichomes were recorded in Calliandra haematocephala Hassk. Four different vestiture types were recorded on the surfaces of studied parts. Trichomes were found present in all vegetative parts and some reproductive parts viz; peduncle, bracts, bracteole, petals while other reproductive parts like sepals, filaments, anther, ovary, style and stigma were found completely glabrous. Present study suggests that trichome morphology and distribution on different plant parts can be used to identify plant species. Calliandra haematocephala Hassk. can be identified in its vegetative phase of life when floral parts are lacking or fragmentary.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76422249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i4310
K. El-Absy
The present study was undertaken to understand adaptive behavior and the possibility of osmotic adjustment adopted by three plant species to tolerate harsh environmental conditions during the winter and summer seasons based on some soil and plant variables as well as the relationships among them. The plant species studied are Hyoscyamus muticus L. (H. muticus), Anabasis setifera Moq. (A. setifera) and Teucrium polium L. (T. polium) and were collected from Tayma Governorate, Tabuk region, Saudi Arabia. ANOVA results showed that the plant species, depths, and their interaction significantly affected most physicochemical properties of the soil supporting three plant species. Also, the plant species, seasons, and their interaction highly significantly affected photosynthetic pigments and proline contents. The highest values for pH and Ec in A. setifera soil, for Na+, Mg++ and Cl- in H. muticus soil, and for other studied chemical properties in T. polium soil were recorded. Significantly increased water content % was observed in A. setifera soil at 20-40 depth across the winter season. Chlorophyll a (Chl.a), chlorophyll b (Chl.b) and Chl.a+b contents in H. muticus plants and Chl.a/b, total carotenoids, total pigment and proline contents in T. polium plants were significantly increased in comparison to the other plant species. Compared to the winter season, the amount of proline and photosynthetic pigments increased significantly in the summer season. The principal component and biplot analysis displayed that the three plant species were quite separated based on the variables studied, and showed positive correlations among most soil and plant variables, but these associations varied in their degree and consistency. The positive correlations were observed for PC1 with K+, Ca++, HCO3- and SO4-- in soil as well as Chl.a/b, total carotenoids, total pigment and proline in T. polium plants. While PC2 showed highly positively correlated to Na and Mg in soil as well as Chl.a, Chl.b and Chl.a+b in H. muticus plants. As a result, the above soil chemical properties are associated closely with the above plant variables in the two previous plant species. The statistical study shows that due to its adaptive behavior and potential for osmotic adjustment, T. polium type generally adapts better to the dry desert environment and seasonal changes.
基于土壤和植物的一些变量及其相互关系，研究了三种植物在冬夏两季对恶劣环境条件的适应行为和渗透调节的可能性。所研究的植物种类有:水杉(Hyoscyamus muticus L.)、水杉(Anabasis setifera Moq.)。(A. setifera)和polium Teucrium L. (T. polium)，采集于沙特阿拉伯Tabuk地区Tayma省。方差分析结果表明，植物种类、深度及其相互作用显著影响3种植物土壤的大部分理化性质。植物种类、季节及其相互作用对光合色素和脯氨酸含量有显著影响。结果表明，铁蒿土壤pH和Ec值最高，木蒿土壤Na+、Mg++和Cl-值最高，灰蒿土壤其他化学性质值最高。在整个冬季，20 ~ 40深度的铁蒿土壤含水量显著增加。叶绿素a (Chl.a)、叶绿素b (Chl.b)和Chl。a+b含量和Chl含量。a/b、总类胡萝卜素、总色素和脯氨酸含量显著高于其他植物。与冬季相比，夏季脯氨酸和光合色素含量显著增加。主成分分析和双样图分析表明，3种植物在土壤和植物变量上具有较强的分离性，且大部分土壤和植物变量之间存在正相关关系，但相关程度和一致性存在差异。PC1与土壤中K+、Ca++、HCO3-、SO4-以及Chl呈显著正相关。a/b，总类胡萝卜素，总色素和脯氨酸。PC2与土壤中Na、Mg和Chl呈极显著正相关。的背影。b和c。H. muticus植物中的a+b。因此，在前两种植物中，上述土壤化学性质与上述植物变量密切相关。统计研究表明，由于其适应行为和渗透调节的潜力，花粉型通常对干旱沙漠环境和季节变化具有较好的适应能力。
{"title":"Effect of Seasonal Changes on Photosynthetic Pigments and Proline Contents of Some Plants Growing Naturally in Tayma Region, Saudi Arabia","authors":"K. El-Absy","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i4310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i4310","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was undertaken to understand adaptive behavior and the possibility of osmotic adjustment adopted by three plant species to tolerate harsh environmental conditions during the winter and summer seasons based on some soil and plant variables as well as the relationships among them. The plant species studied are Hyoscyamus muticus L. (H. muticus), Anabasis setifera Moq. (A. setifera) and Teucrium polium L. (T. polium) and were collected from Tayma Governorate, Tabuk region, Saudi Arabia. ANOVA results showed that the plant species, depths, and their interaction significantly affected most physicochemical properties of the soil supporting three plant species. Also, the plant species, seasons, and their interaction highly significantly affected photosynthetic pigments and proline contents. The highest values for pH and Ec in A. setifera soil, for Na+, Mg++ and Cl- in H. muticus soil, and for other studied chemical properties in T. polium soil were recorded. Significantly increased water content % was observed in A. setifera soil at 20-40 depth across the winter season. Chlorophyll a (Chl.a), chlorophyll b (Chl.b) and Chl.a+b contents in H. muticus plants and Chl.a/b, total carotenoids, total pigment and proline contents in T. polium plants were significantly increased in comparison to the other plant species. Compared to the winter season, the amount of proline and photosynthetic pigments increased significantly in the summer season. The principal component and biplot analysis displayed that the three plant species were quite separated based on the variables studied, and showed positive correlations among most soil and plant variables, but these associations varied in their degree and consistency. The positive correlations were observed for PC1 with K+, Ca++, HCO3- and SO4-- in soil as well as Chl.a/b, total carotenoids, total pigment and proline in T. polium plants. While PC2 showed highly positively correlated to Na and Mg in soil as well as Chl.a, Chl.b and Chl.a+b in H. muticus plants. As a result, the above soil chemical properties are associated closely with the above plant variables in the two previous plant species. The statistical study shows that due to its adaptive behavior and potential for osmotic adjustment, T. polium type generally adapts better to the dry desert environment and seasonal changes.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87189214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i3305
I. Edeh, C. S. Olise, B. Ononye, C. C. Ikechukwu, C. Nwankwo, I. Okoli
Aims: This work aimed to evaluate the nutritional benefits of honey and garlic (Allium sativum) in five different dietary inclusions on the blood and plasma-antioxidant profile of Clarias gariepinus. Methodology: Five treatments; control T1 (0%), T2 (0.5% honey), T3 (1% honey), T4 (0.5% garlic), and T5 (1% honey) were designed for a 30-days study. The garlic (powder form) and honey were incorporated into the feed by firstly mixing it with water in a 2:1 ratio and sprayed over the feed (kg) and sundried before feeding it to the fish. Results: The results indicated a significant difference (P < .05) in the haematological profile of the T2-T5 treatment groups compared to the T1 control group, except for neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. It was noted that the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels showed a significant difference (P < .05). However, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), showed an insignificant variation (P > .05). Conclusion: The results indicated that honey and garlic increased the haematological and antioxidant indices of the supplemented groups (T2-T5) compared with the control group (T1). As a result, the study suggests the use of honey and garlic in aquaculture should be adopted to boost fish well-being.
{"title":"Nutraceutical Role of Honey and Garlic (Allium sativum) on Haematological and Plasma-Antioxidant Profile of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)","authors":"I. Edeh, C. S. Olise, B. Ononye, C. C. Ikechukwu, C. Nwankwo, I. Okoli","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i3305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i3305","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This work aimed to evaluate the nutritional benefits of honey and garlic (Allium sativum) in five different dietary inclusions on the blood and plasma-antioxidant profile of Clarias gariepinus. \u0000Methodology: Five treatments; control T1 (0%), T2 (0.5% honey), T3 (1% honey), T4 (0.5% garlic), and T5 (1% honey) were designed for a 30-days study. The garlic (powder form) and honey were incorporated into the feed by firstly mixing it with water in a 2:1 ratio and sprayed over the feed (kg) and sundried before feeding it to the fish. \u0000Results: The results indicated a significant difference (P < .05) in the haematological profile of the T2-T5 treatment groups compared to the T1 control group, except for neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. It was noted that the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels showed a significant difference (P < .05). However, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), showed an insignificant variation (P > .05). \u0000Conclusion: The results indicated that honey and garlic increased the haematological and antioxidant indices of the supplemented groups (T2-T5) compared with the control group (T1). As a result, the study suggests the use of honey and garlic in aquaculture should be adopted to boost fish well-being.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83292046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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