Pub Date : 2022-08-05DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230235
H. A. Shindi, S. Hamisu, I. Aiki, M. Dabo, D. Senchi, Y. B. Unashi, M. Warah
A study was carried out to assess the farmer’s knowledge of insecticides usage and hazard in some selected communities in Danko/Wasagu Local Government Area of Kebbi State. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result revealed that the majority (69 percent) of the respondents were men, 53 percent of them were within the age range of 41 – 60 years, and 50 percent of them had a family size of 1-5 persons. Many of the respondents (36 percent) had one form of formal education or the other. Most of the respondents 62 percent got their farmland through inheritance. Results also revealed that the majority of the respondents (95 percent) are aware of insecticides, with 55 percent using them to spray their crops. Many respondents 96 percent used insecticides before; the majority of the respondents 75 percent used insecticides to control insect pests in their homes and farms. The findings revealed that the majority (91 percent) of the respondents were aware of insecticides hazard and 70 percent are aware of the health implication of these insecticides and result from the negative effect of insecticides revealed that a high proportion of 40 percent strongly agreed on the negative effect of insecticides. More so the majority 89 percent of respondents are aware of safety and precaution measures, and 82 percent agreed that the use of protective clothes during spraying is a safe and precaution measure. It is concluded that the majority of the farmers are aware of insecticides and their health hazards. It is recommended that farmers should be more sensitized about the danger of insecticides and when handling them proper care should be taken and should always use protective clothes during their application (spray) to protect themselves and avoid body contact.
{"title":"Farmers’ Knowledge of Insecticides Usage and Hazard in Some Selected Communities in Danko/Wasagu Local Government Area of Kebbi State, Nigeria","authors":"H. A. Shindi, S. Hamisu, I. Aiki, M. Dabo, D. Senchi, Y. B. Unashi, M. Warah","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230235","url":null,"abstract":"A study was carried out to assess the farmer’s knowledge of insecticides usage and hazard in some selected communities in Danko/Wasagu Local Government Area of Kebbi State. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result revealed that the majority (69 percent) of the respondents were men, 53 percent of them were within the age range of 41 – 60 years, and 50 percent of them had a family size of 1-5 persons. Many of the respondents (36 percent) had one form of formal education or the other. Most of the respondents 62 percent got their farmland through inheritance. Results also revealed that the majority of the respondents (95 percent) are aware of insecticides, with 55 percent using them to spray their crops. Many respondents 96 percent used insecticides before; the majority of the respondents 75 percent used insecticides to control insect pests in their homes and farms. The findings revealed that the majority (91 percent) of the respondents were aware of insecticides hazard and 70 percent are aware of the health implication of these insecticides and result from the negative effect of insecticides revealed that a high proportion of 40 percent strongly agreed on the negative effect of insecticides. More so the majority 89 percent of respondents are aware of safety and precaution measures, and 82 percent agreed that the use of protective clothes during spraying is a safe and precaution measure. It is concluded that the majority of the farmers are aware of insecticides and their health hazards. It is recommended that farmers should be more sensitized about the danger of insecticides and when handling them proper care should be taken and should always use protective clothes during their application (spray) to protect themselves and avoid body contact.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81725399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-22DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230234
M. M. Ganyam, Anyaegbunam K. Zikora, N. O. Omeje, D. M. Atsembe, Christian Nelson, Ugwuoke C. Kemmeth, C. Samuel
Effluents from processed bitter cassava (Manihot esculentus) tubers as bioherbicide was applied on the leaves of Beans, Broom weed, Maize, and Itch grass and investigated. Quantitative and qualitative characterization of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) was done both in effluent and test soil. Mineral analysis using atomic absorption spectrum (AAS), cyanide quantification in the effluent, and quantification of chlorophyll (a and b) from the leaves of test plants (Beans, Broom weed, Maize, and Itch grass) were carried out. The result from the microbial characterization of effluent, test soil, and control soil revealed the effluent had the highest microbial load. The isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus spp, Bacillus spp, Lactobacillus, and E. coli. Test soil had 16.13% Staphylococcus, 9.68% Bacillus spp, 16.13% Lactobacillus, and 6.45% E. coli. The isolated fungi were Saccharomyces, Mucor, and Aspergillus in the effluent, while Saccharomyces and Mucor were in the test soil and only Aspergillus in the control soil.The fungal count revealed a high total viable count (TVC) in the effluent (7.0×104 cfu/ml) followed by test soil (6.6×104 cfu/ml) while control soil had the least (4.5%×104 cfu/ml). Cyanide analysis of effluent revealed 1.0 mg/ml, while metal analysis revealed potassium (40.221 mg/kg), sodium (32.009 mg/kg), Manganese (0.057 mg/kg) and Copper (-0.004mg/kg).The chlorophyll(a and b) concentration expressed in µg/mlof the experimented plants (Beans, Broom weed, Maize, and Itchgrass) further revealed a significant (p≤0.05) decrease concerning the volume of effluent applied (50 ml and 25 ml).Dicotyledonous plants; beans (0.461 + 0.025 and 0.609 + 0.013chlorophyll (a) compared to a control of 7.698+ 0.100.Chlorophyll(b) on the other hand revealed 5.507 + 0.141and 11.599 + 0.282 when compared with control of 16.426 + 0.016). Broom weed (0.291 + 0.071 and 0.457 + 0.068 for chlorophyll (a) when compared to the control with 0.595 + 0.071 and 1.549+0.141 and 1.683+0.353 for chlorophyll(b) when compared to the control with 22.252 + 0.282. Other plants analyzed revealed various significant (p≤0.05) decreased levels of chlorophyll (a and b). All the results revealed this effluent may be selectively used as a potential bioherbicide especially when applied to the leaves.
{"title":"Bioherbicide Effect of Effluent from Processed Manihot esculentus Tubers","authors":"M. M. Ganyam, Anyaegbunam K. Zikora, N. O. Omeje, D. M. Atsembe, Christian Nelson, Ugwuoke C. Kemmeth, C. Samuel","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230234","url":null,"abstract":"Effluents from processed bitter cassava (Manihot esculentus) tubers as bioherbicide was applied on the leaves of Beans, Broom weed, Maize, and Itch grass and investigated. Quantitative and qualitative characterization of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) was done both in effluent and test soil. Mineral analysis using atomic absorption spectrum (AAS), cyanide quantification in the effluent, and quantification of chlorophyll (a and b) from the leaves of test plants (Beans, Broom weed, Maize, and Itch grass) were carried out. The result from the microbial characterization of effluent, test soil, and control soil revealed the effluent had the highest microbial load. The isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus spp, Bacillus spp, Lactobacillus, and E. coli. Test soil had 16.13% Staphylococcus, 9.68% Bacillus spp, 16.13% Lactobacillus, and 6.45% E. coli. The isolated fungi were Saccharomyces, Mucor, and Aspergillus in the effluent, while Saccharomyces and Mucor were in the test soil and only Aspergillus in the control soil.The fungal count revealed a high total viable count (TVC) in the effluent (7.0×104 cfu/ml) followed by test soil (6.6×104 cfu/ml) while control soil had the least (4.5%×104 cfu/ml). Cyanide analysis of effluent revealed 1.0 mg/ml, while metal analysis revealed potassium (40.221 mg/kg), sodium (32.009 mg/kg), Manganese (0.057 mg/kg) and Copper (-0.004mg/kg).The chlorophyll(a and b) concentration expressed in µg/mlof the experimented plants (Beans, Broom weed, Maize, and Itchgrass) further revealed a significant (p≤0.05) decrease concerning the volume of effluent applied (50 ml and 25 ml).Dicotyledonous plants; beans (0.461 + 0.025 and 0.609 + 0.013chlorophyll (a) compared to a control of 7.698+ 0.100.Chlorophyll(b) on the other hand revealed 5.507 + 0.141and 11.599 + 0.282 when compared with control of 16.426 + 0.016). Broom weed (0.291 + 0.071 and 0.457 + 0.068 for chlorophyll (a) when compared to the control with 0.595 + 0.071 and 1.549+0.141 and 1.683+0.353 for chlorophyll(b) when compared to the control with 22.252 + 0.282. Other plants analyzed revealed various significant (p≤0.05) decreased levels of chlorophyll (a and b). All the results revealed this effluent may be selectively used as a potential bioherbicide especially when applied to the leaves.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88455124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230233
I. C. Davies, B. Uedeme-Naa
The toxicity of the combination of xylene and diesel at a 50:50 ratio on the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) was investigated using a static bioassay for 96hrs. No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in the Physicochemical parameters of the experimental water after exposure for 24 hours among the different concentration gradients and the controlled unit. Although there was an increased variation along the concentration gradient observed after 96hours. The behavioral responses of the test fish from 24-96 hours of exposure show normal behavioral responses in the control. C. gariepinus exposed to 25 ml/l to 50 mg/l concentration of the toxicant showed normal behavior from 24 to 48 hours. Afterward, the fish that were active stopped swimming and remained static for a while in response to the sudden changes in the surrounding environment. Generally, fish exposed to higher concentrations such as 100 ml/l to 250 ml/l of the test chemicals showed progressive hyperventilation and abnormal behavior like gulping air, erratic swimming movement, very fast swimming, jumping, and displaying vigorous jerky movement suffocation, and loss of reflex. A faster operculum and tail beat movement was also observed with Spiraling. The behavioral responses increased significantly (P<0.05) with an increase in concentration per time as compared to the control group of fish. The noticeable behavioural difference was recorded for the different concentrations of the test chemical. An eco-friendly chemical that is within the acceptable limits recommended by WHO and DPR should be used in well stimulation and cleaning for sustainable biodiversity and a healthy aquatic environment.
{"title":"Behavioural Toxicity of a Combined Oilfield Chemicals on African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (Burchell 1822)","authors":"I. C. Davies, B. Uedeme-Naa","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230233","url":null,"abstract":"The toxicity of the combination of xylene and diesel at a 50:50 ratio on the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) was investigated using a static bioassay for 96hrs. No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in the Physicochemical parameters of the experimental water after exposure for 24 hours among the different concentration gradients and the controlled unit. Although there was an increased variation along the concentration gradient observed after 96hours. The behavioral responses of the test fish from 24-96 hours of exposure show normal behavioral responses in the control. C. gariepinus exposed to 25 ml/l to 50 mg/l concentration of the toxicant showed normal behavior from 24 to 48 hours. Afterward, the fish that were active stopped swimming and remained static for a while in response to the sudden changes in the surrounding environment. Generally, fish exposed to higher concentrations such as 100 ml/l to 250 ml/l of the test chemicals showed progressive hyperventilation and abnormal behavior like gulping air, erratic swimming movement, very fast swimming, jumping, and displaying vigorous jerky movement suffocation, and loss of reflex. A faster operculum and tail beat movement was also observed with Spiraling. The behavioral responses increased significantly (P<0.05) with an increase in concentration per time as compared to the control group of fish. The noticeable behavioural difference was recorded for the different concentrations of the test chemical. An eco-friendly chemical that is within the acceptable limits recommended by WHO and DPR should be used in well stimulation and cleaning for sustainable biodiversity and a healthy aquatic environment.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79069585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-13DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i130232
N. Borhanudin, Fu Li, M. E. Faiq, Lei Cheng
Pectin is one of the most important dietary fibers as a prebiotic to determine the composition of human gut microbiome. The study was designed to investigate the pectin degradation ability of Hominibacterium faecale strain SF3T, its isolated from human feces and cultivated with different concentration pectin under anaerobic conditions in vitro. The growth ratio of strain SF3T formed in batch culture was examined every 10 h during the 60-h incubation time using the spectrophotometer, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas-chromatography. The pure culture of Hominibacterium faecale pectin degradation activity was present and commonly increases the growth value of strain SF3T after pectin fermentation. Regarding volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate and butyrate levels rapidly raised after 30 h of incubation. The results suggest that pectin fermentation displays the greatest contribution for human health and confirm that pectin degradation leads to the production of acetate, butyrate and propionate.
{"title":"Investigation of the Pectin Degradation Ability of Hominibacterium faecale Strain SF3T Isolated from Human Feces","authors":"N. Borhanudin, Fu Li, M. E. Faiq, Lei Cheng","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i130232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i130232","url":null,"abstract":"Pectin is one of the most important dietary fibers as a prebiotic to determine the composition of human gut microbiome. The study was designed to investigate the pectin degradation ability of Hominibacterium faecale strain SF3T, its isolated from human feces and cultivated with different concentration pectin under anaerobic conditions in vitro. The growth ratio of strain SF3T formed in batch culture was examined every 10 h during the 60-h incubation time using the spectrophotometer, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas-chromatography. The pure culture of Hominibacterium faecale pectin degradation activity was present and commonly increases the growth value of strain SF3T after pectin fermentation. Regarding volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate and butyrate levels rapidly raised after 30 h of incubation. The results suggest that pectin fermentation displays the greatest contribution for human health and confirm that pectin degradation leads to the production of acetate, butyrate and propionate.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75203381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i130230
V. Barshteyn, Y. Blume
Objective: To explore and introduce into scientific circulation art medals ˗ tangible historical sources studied by medal art, a section of the special historical discipline of numismatics, related to the life and work of Gregor Mendel. Place and Duration of the Study: Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, from January to April 2022. Methodology: Both general scientific (historical, logical) and special (subject-chronological, retrospective) methods were used in the work. Numismatic and biological literature, materials of international numismatic auctions, and websites of world mints have been studied. Results: Art medals of the Czech Republic, the USA, Germany, Austria, Portugal and the European Community relating to life and scientific heritage of Gregor Mendel have been studied and described. Conclusion: The study has become a new step in the development of the history of biological science, supplementing the knowledge of the artistic reflection of the origins of genetics in the art of medal. Material historical sources ˗ art medals, enabled us to capture the pages of the biography and scientific work of Gregor Mendel in a new plane, introducing the medals into scientific (biological) circulation.
{"title":"(200 ^{th}) Birth Anniversary of the Genetics Founder Gregor Mendel; Art Medals","authors":"V. Barshteyn, Y. Blume","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i130230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i130230","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To explore and introduce into scientific circulation art medals ˗ tangible historical sources studied by medal art, a section of the special historical discipline of numismatics, related to the life and work of Gregor Mendel. \u0000Place and Duration of the Study: Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, from January to April 2022. \u0000Methodology: Both general scientific (historical, logical) and special (subject-chronological, retrospective) methods were used in the work. Numismatic and biological literature, materials of international numismatic auctions, and websites of world mints have been studied. \u0000Results: Art medals of the Czech Republic, the USA, Germany, Austria, Portugal and the European Community relating to life and scientific heritage of Gregor Mendel have been studied and described. \u0000Conclusion: The study has become a new step in the development of the history of biological science, supplementing the knowledge of the artistic reflection of the origins of genetics in the art of medal. Material historical sources ˗ art medals, enabled us to capture the pages of the biography and scientific work of Gregor Mendel in a new plane, introducing the medals into scientific (biological) circulation.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81833928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-23DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i130229
A. Kimsing, J. Ngukir, T. Biju, D. Mize
Few reports showed that White-rumped vulture is present in Arunachal Pradesh. However, they were reported from a few places only. Such sightings suggest that either the region is not explored completely or the habitats are not suitable for the species. Therefore, knowing and predicting the habitat suitability of WRV and revealing the relative contribution of environmental variables determining such distribution can be important for their protection and conservation. The present study was based on the current distribution of WRV in Arunachal Pradesh that we had surveyed from 2016 to 2020. We followed the road count and point count methods to obtain primary occurrence data. Also, secondary data on occurrence records and data on environmental variables (landscape variables, anthropogenic variables, and climatic variables) were obtained and used. The data were processed using ArcMap. 29 occurrence records (filtered) and 11 environmental variables were used to build the prediction model using maximum entropy (MaxEnt). The MaxEnt predicted model showed high accuracy with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value equals to 0.95 and True Skill Statistics value equals to 0.87. Of the total area, only 2629.63 km2 (3.20 %) is suitable for WRV while the majority of the area is unsuitable (79542.84 km2) (96.79 %). The elevation (32.2%), land use land cover (31.7%), and normalized difference vegetation index of November (26.7%) were the most influencing variables impacting the distribution of WRV. Among bioclimatic variables, the mean temperature of the warmest quarter and precipitation of the wettest quarter had the highest contribution. This work is the first attempt to understand the spatial distribution of WRV and the environmental factors associated with their distribution in the state. The findings can be relevant for designing conservation efforts to conserve this species in the state.
{"title":"White-rumped Vulture’s Habitat Suitability Prediction using MaxEnt in Arunachal Pradesh","authors":"A. Kimsing, J. Ngukir, T. Biju, D. Mize","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i130229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i130229","url":null,"abstract":"Few reports showed that White-rumped vulture is present in Arunachal Pradesh. However, they were reported from a few places only. Such sightings suggest that either the region is not explored completely or the habitats are not suitable for the species. Therefore, knowing and predicting the habitat suitability of WRV and revealing the relative contribution of environmental variables determining such distribution can be important for their protection and conservation. The present study was based on the current distribution of WRV in Arunachal Pradesh that we had surveyed from 2016 to 2020. We followed the road count and point count methods to obtain primary occurrence data. Also, secondary data on occurrence records and data on environmental variables (landscape variables, anthropogenic variables, and climatic variables) were obtained and used. The data were processed using ArcMap. 29 occurrence records (filtered) and 11 environmental variables were used to build the prediction model using maximum entropy (MaxEnt). The MaxEnt predicted model showed high accuracy with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value equals to 0.95 and True Skill Statistics value equals to 0.87. Of the total area, only 2629.63 km2 (3.20 %) is suitable for WRV while the majority of the area is unsuitable (79542.84 km2) (96.79 %). The elevation (32.2%), land use land cover (31.7%), and normalized difference vegetation index of November (26.7%) were the most influencing variables impacting the distribution of WRV. Among bioclimatic variables, the mean temperature of the warmest quarter and precipitation of the wettest quarter had the highest contribution. This work is the first attempt to understand the spatial distribution of WRV and the environmental factors associated with their distribution in the state. The findings can be relevant for designing conservation efforts to conserve this species in the state.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88079599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i130228
R. Umoh, I. Johnny, N. Andy, Anwanabasi E. Udoh, Inyang J. Udoh, Otobong E. Umanah, Winnie E. Emeh
Launaea taraxacifolia from the family Compositae is used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, hypertention, cancer, malaria, bacterial infections and arthritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate pharmacognostic and taxonomic parameters such as microscopy, micromeritics, chemomicroscopy, fluorescence, soluble-extractive values and ash values of the leaves and stems of this plant. The plant was collected, identified, air-dried, weighed and subjected to evaluation using standard procedures. The results showed that, from microscopy: the stomatal distribution was amphistomatic and the stomatal type were anisocytic and anomocytic on the abaxial surface and anomocytic on adaxial surface with T-pieces on the stomata. The stomatal index was 18.7% on the abaxial surface and 11.9% on the adaxial surface. The stomatal number on the abaxial surface was 13.2 (15.6±0.55) 18.1 and 18 (26.5±2.08) 36 for adaxial surface. Results of the micromeritics properties of the powdered leaf and stem samples were bulk volume of 38.67±0.17 and 51.33±0.33, tapped volume of 29.83±0.17 and 34.0±0.00, bulk density of 0.26±0.00 and 0.20±0.00, tapped density of 0.34±0.00 and 0.29±0.00, angle of repose of 36⁰ and 43⁰, Carr’s index of 22.7% and 33.78%, Hausner’s ratio of 1.30±0.01 and 1.15±0.01. The micromeritics indicated that the powder had a fair flow and for chemomicroscopy the powder contained lignin, mucilage, oil and protein. The fluorescence properties determined revealed different colours under different ultraviolet lights. The water-soluble, methanol-soluble, ethanol-soluble extractive values were 35% w/w, 14% w/w and 16%w/w for leaf and 18% w/w, 8% w/w, and 9% w/w for stem respectively. The moisture content of the leaf and stem were 16% w/w and 11% w/w. Total, acid-insoluble and water- soluble ash values were 17.7% w/w, 1.3% w/w and 8.3% w/w for leaf and 6.3% w/w, 0.3% w/w and 4.7% w/w for the stem respectively. This data obtained from the pharmacognostic and taxonomic studies provide information for the identity, purity and quality of L. taraxacifolia.
{"title":"Pharmacognostic and Taxonomic Studies of Leaf and Stem of Launaea taraxacifolia (Willd) Amin Ex C. Jeffrey (Compositae)","authors":"R. Umoh, I. Johnny, N. Andy, Anwanabasi E. Udoh, Inyang J. Udoh, Otobong E. Umanah, Winnie E. Emeh","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i130228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i130228","url":null,"abstract":"Launaea taraxacifolia from the family Compositae is used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, hypertention, cancer, malaria, bacterial infections and arthritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate pharmacognostic and taxonomic parameters such as microscopy, micromeritics, chemomicroscopy, fluorescence, soluble-extractive values and ash values of the leaves and stems of this plant. The plant was collected, identified, air-dried, weighed and subjected to evaluation using standard procedures. The results showed that, from microscopy: the stomatal distribution was amphistomatic and the stomatal type were anisocytic and anomocytic on the abaxial surface and anomocytic on adaxial surface with T-pieces on the stomata. The stomatal index was 18.7% on the abaxial surface and 11.9% on the adaxial surface. The stomatal number on the abaxial surface was 13.2 (15.6±0.55) 18.1 and 18 (26.5±2.08) 36 for adaxial surface. Results of the micromeritics properties of the powdered leaf and stem samples were bulk volume of 38.67±0.17 and 51.33±0.33, tapped volume of 29.83±0.17 and 34.0±0.00, bulk density of 0.26±0.00 and 0.20±0.00, tapped density of 0.34±0.00 and 0.29±0.00, angle of repose of 36⁰ and 43⁰, Carr’s index of 22.7% and 33.78%, Hausner’s ratio of 1.30±0.01 and 1.15±0.01. The micromeritics indicated that the powder had a fair flow and for chemomicroscopy the powder contained lignin, mucilage, oil and protein. The fluorescence properties determined revealed different colours under different ultraviolet lights. The water-soluble, methanol-soluble, ethanol-soluble extractive values were 35% w/w, 14% w/w and 16%w/w for leaf and 18% w/w, 8% w/w, and 9% w/w for stem respectively. The moisture content of the leaf and stem were 16% w/w and 11% w/w. Total, acid-insoluble and water- soluble ash values were 17.7% w/w, 1.3% w/w and 8.3% w/w for leaf and 6.3% w/w, 0.3% w/w and 4.7% w/w for the stem respectively. This data obtained from the pharmacognostic and taxonomic studies provide information for the identity, purity and quality of L. taraxacifolia.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83122774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-26DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i130227
Shaira D. Cambarihan, Emylle Ruth P. Patricio, Leonel P. Lumogdang
The study aimed to determine the presence of fecal and nonfecal coliforms in selected drinking water sources of Santa Maria, Davao Occidental. Three (3) barangays were purposively identified as sampling sites, namely: Barangay Pongpong, Barangay San Isidro, and Barangay San Roque, where spring water, Jetmatic, and manual water pump are the sources of drinking water. The study was conducted at Sta Maria, Davao Occidental Philippines from August 2021 to December 2021.The water samples were collected aseptically from the identified reservoir in the drinking water of the selected barangay of Sta Maria, Davao Occidental. The collected samples were brought to the SPAMAST Microbiology Laboratory. One (1) mL of sample was plated aseptically in the coliform Petrifilm. The plated water samples were incubated at 35-37 degrees Celcius for 24 hours. Colonies in the Petrifilm were counted manually and recorded as colony-forming units (CFU). Microbial analysis detected the presence of total coliforms on the drinking water reservoir from the spring water source from barangay Pongpong, manual water pump and spring water source from barangay San Isidro and the manual water pump from barangay San Roque. Meanwhile, noOccidental, Philippines. Generally, the drinking water sources of the three (3) barangays exceeded the national standard set by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Periodic monitoring on the drinking water sources in the identified barangays is highly recommended.
本研究的目的是确定粪便和非粪便大肠菌群在达沃西部圣玛丽亚选定的饮用水源中的存在。有目的地确定了三个村作为采样点，分别是:Barangay pong, Barangay San Isidro和Barangay San Roque，其中泉水，Jetmatic和手动水泵是饮用水的来源。该研究于2021年8月至2021年12月在菲律宾西部达沃的Sta Maria进行。水样从西达沃州斯塔玛丽亚村选定的饮用水中确定的水库中无菌采集。收集的样品被送到SPAMAST微生物实验室。取1 mL样品无菌镀于大肠菌群培养液中。将镀好的水样在35-37℃下孵育24小时。人工计数石膜上的菌落，并记录为菌落形成单位(CFU)。微生物分析在邦邦村的饮用水水库、圣伊西德罗村的手动水泵和泉水水源以及圣罗克村的手动水泵上检测到总大肠菌群。同时，菲律宾noOccidental石油公司。总的来说，这三个村的饮用水源都超过了环境和自然资源部(DENR)和世界卫生组织(WHO)制定的国家标准。强烈建议定期监测已确定村的饮用水源。
{"title":"Detection and Enumeration of Coliforms in Drinking Water Sources in the Selected Barangay in Santa Maria, Davao Occidental Philippines","authors":"Shaira D. Cambarihan, Emylle Ruth P. Patricio, Leonel P. Lumogdang","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i130227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i130227","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to determine the presence of fecal and nonfecal coliforms in selected drinking water sources of Santa Maria, Davao Occidental. Three (3) barangays were purposively identified as sampling sites, namely: Barangay Pongpong, Barangay San Isidro, and Barangay San Roque, where spring water, Jetmatic, and manual water pump are the sources of drinking water. \u0000The study was conducted at Sta Maria, Davao Occidental Philippines from August 2021 to December 2021.The water samples were collected aseptically from the identified reservoir in the drinking water of the selected barangay of Sta Maria, Davao Occidental. The collected samples were brought to the SPAMAST Microbiology Laboratory. One (1) mL of sample was plated aseptically in the coliform Petrifilm. The plated water samples were incubated at 35-37 degrees Celcius for 24 hours. Colonies in the Petrifilm were counted manually and recorded as colony-forming units (CFU). \u0000Microbial analysis detected the presence of total coliforms on the drinking water reservoir from the spring water source from barangay Pongpong, manual water pump and spring water source from barangay San Isidro and the manual water pump from barangay San Roque. Meanwhile, noOccidental, Philippines. Generally, the drinking water sources of the three (3) barangays exceeded the national standard set by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Periodic monitoring on the drinking water sources in the identified barangays is highly recommended.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90387419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v14i430225
Rao Saad Rehman, A. Pasha, Syed Ali Zafar, Mujahid Ali, Hassan Bashir, M. U. Saeed, Naveed Ali Ashraf, Abdullah Javed
Crop plant architecture is an important agronomic trait that contributes greatly to crop yield. Tiller angle is one of the most critical components that determine crop plant architecture, which in turn substantially affects grain yield mainly owing to its large influence on plant density. Gravity is a fundamental physical force that acts on all organisms on earth. Plant organs sense gravity to control their growth orientation, including tiller angle in rice (Oryza sativa). This review summarizes recent research advances made using rice tiller angle as a research model, providing insights into domestication of rice tiller angle, genetic regulation of rice tiller angle, and shoot gravitropism. Finally, we propose that current discoveries in rice can shed light on shoot gravitropism and improvement of plant tiller angle in other species, thereby contributing to agricultural production in the future.
{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms behind the Regulation of Rice Tiller Angle: An Update","authors":"Rao Saad Rehman, A. Pasha, Syed Ali Zafar, Mujahid Ali, Hassan Bashir, M. U. Saeed, Naveed Ali Ashraf, Abdullah Javed","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v14i430225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v14i430225","url":null,"abstract":"Crop plant architecture is an important agronomic trait that contributes greatly to crop yield. Tiller angle is one of the most critical components that determine crop plant architecture, which in turn substantially affects grain yield mainly owing to its large influence on plant density. Gravity is a fundamental physical force that acts on all organisms on earth. Plant organs sense gravity to control their growth orientation, including tiller angle in rice (Oryza sativa). This review summarizes recent research advances made using rice tiller angle as a research model, providing insights into domestication of rice tiller angle, genetic regulation of rice tiller angle, and shoot gravitropism. Finally, we propose that current discoveries in rice can shed light on shoot gravitropism and improvement of plant tiller angle in other species, thereby contributing to agricultural production in the future.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74199915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-07DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v14i430224
E. Athira, K. H. Harsha, K. Athira, C. Jithinsha, K. Mridula, P. Faseela
Air pollution impact on various physiological and biochemical parameters of fifteen plant species around industrial premises of Malappuram district, Kerala were investigated. The present study has been carried out with the aim of analyzing the air pollution tolerance mechanisms in the selected fifteen plant species collected from the nearby areas of these two textile and PVC industries and to screen the most tolerant plant species based on the air pollution tolerance index of selected plants and can provide a cost effective and eco-friendly technique to mitigate air pollution. The air pollution caused a lower value of leaf extract pH, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in selected plant species. The increased level of ROS in plants due to exposure to air pollution damages the biomolecules such as lipids and results in MDA formation. Moreover, antioxidants like proline, ascorbate, soluble sugar and phenolics work hand in hand to scavenge toxic ROS produced under air pollution in all plants and thus prevent the oxidation of vital components in the plant cells. However, the accumulation of antioxidants in selected plant species was varied in response to air pollution. The air pollution tolerance index (APTI) has been used for identifying tolerance levels of plant species and to rank plant species in their order of tolerance to air pollution. APTI of T. grandis, H. brasiliensis, A. occidentale and P. pinnata and the present study indicated that these four plant species are most suitable sink for air pollution, which can be utilized for green belt development in industrial area for reduction of the level of the air pollution. Moreover, lowest APTI was recorded in G. floribunda, P. emblica and M. oleifera, can be used for the biomonitoring of air pollution.
{"title":"Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Air Pollution in Selected Plant Species around Industrial Premises of Malappuram District, Kerala","authors":"E. Athira, K. H. Harsha, K. Athira, C. Jithinsha, K. Mridula, P. Faseela","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v14i430224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v14i430224","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution impact on various physiological and biochemical parameters of fifteen plant species around industrial premises of Malappuram district, Kerala were investigated. The present study has been carried out with the aim of analyzing the air pollution tolerance mechanisms in the selected fifteen plant species collected from the nearby areas of these two textile and PVC industries and to screen the most tolerant plant species based on the air pollution tolerance index of selected plants and can provide a cost effective and eco-friendly technique to mitigate air pollution. The air pollution caused a lower value of leaf extract pH, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in selected plant species. The increased level of ROS in plants due to exposure to air pollution damages the biomolecules such as lipids and results in MDA formation. Moreover, antioxidants like proline, ascorbate, soluble sugar and phenolics work hand in hand to scavenge toxic ROS produced under air pollution in all plants and thus prevent the oxidation of vital components in the plant cells. However, the accumulation of antioxidants in selected plant species was varied in response to air pollution. The air pollution tolerance index (APTI) has been used for identifying tolerance levels of plant species and to rank plant species in their order of tolerance to air pollution. APTI of T. grandis, H. brasiliensis, A. occidentale and P. pinnata and the present study indicated that these four plant species are most suitable sink for air pollution, which can be utilized for green belt development in industrial area for reduction of the level of the air pollution. Moreover, lowest APTI was recorded in G. floribunda, P. emblica and M. oleifera, can be used for the biomonitoring of air pollution.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74900720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：