Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i4307
Correa-Gillieron, Elenice Maria, Barbosa, Renata Faria, Ferezin-Pinto, Caroline, Martinez, Ana Maria Blanco
The TXRF technique (total reflection X-ray fluorescence) was employed to analyze the concentration of zinc (Zn) and other metals in the pineal gland of rats submitted to orally administered excess dose of Zn sulfate. The histochemical localization of Zn was also performed. TXRF results showed a 42.9% increase in Zn concentration, and alterations on the homeostasis of other essential elements in rats. It was concluded that TXRF is a suitable technique for measuring, for the first time in this work, the concentration of Zn accumulated in the pineal gland after administration of an excess dose of Zn, and this result may be either directly or indirectly related to alteration in the homeostasis of other chemical elements, such as S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn and Fe.
{"title":"Analysis of the Influence of Zn Excess in the Pineal Gland by Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence","authors":"Correa-Gillieron, Elenice Maria, Barbosa, Renata Faria, Ferezin-Pinto, Caroline, Martinez, Ana Maria Blanco","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i4307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i4307","url":null,"abstract":"The TXRF technique (total reflection X-ray fluorescence) was employed to analyze the concentration of zinc (Zn) and other metals in the pineal gland of rats submitted to orally administered excess dose of Zn sulfate. The histochemical localization of Zn was also performed. TXRF results showed a 42.9% increase in Zn concentration, and alterations on the homeostasis of other essential elements in rats. It was concluded that TXRF is a suitable technique for measuring, for the first time in this work, the concentration of Zn accumulated in the pineal gland after administration of an excess dose of Zn, and this result may be either directly or indirectly related to alteration in the homeostasis of other chemical elements, such as S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn and Fe.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84432234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i4306
R. R. Butarbutar, Hanny H. Pontororing, E. Baideng
Aims: This study aims to analyze the diversity of endemic flora of North Sulawesi Indonesia as a potential for sustainable ecotourism. Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted in the Batuputih Nature Tourism Park (BNTP), Bitung, North Sulawesi (Sulawesi Utara), Indonesia from April until June 2022. Methodology: The data collection method is carried out using vegetation analysis where this method is a combination method between the path method and the banded line. The number of plot paths used in this study was 47 plots. The distance between the plot of the paths is 20 meters. Determination of the observation path plot is carried out by purposive sampling. Data obtained in the field were analyzed using the Shannon-Wienner species diversity index. Results: The study's results found 61 types of plants at the sapling level, 29 at the pole level and 47 at the tree level. The plants that dominate Batuputih Nature Tourism Park (BNTP) at the level of mature trees belong to the family Malvaceae, while the plants that dominate at the level of piles and piles belong to the families Rubiaceae and Anacardiaceae. The value of plant species diversity at each level is greater than 3. The diversity index value at the sapling level is 3.75, the pole level is 3.15, and the tree level with a value of 3.11. Conclusion: The diversity of flora species at the level of trees, pole and sapling in the Batuputih Nature Tourism Park area is included in the category of high abundance. This means that the diversity of flora species in the community is increasingly stable in the BNTP area. In this area, 2 (two) types of flora endemic to North Sulawesi are found as potential for sustainable ecotourism, namely the species of Homalium celebicum and Pterospermum celebicum. Both types of endemic plants have the potential to become icons or flagships of ecotourism in North Sulawesi.
{"title":"Analysis of Endemic Flora Diversity of North Sulawesi Indonesia as a Potential for Sustainable Ecotourism","authors":"R. R. Butarbutar, Hanny H. Pontororing, E. Baideng","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i4306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i4306","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aims to analyze the diversity of endemic flora of North Sulawesi Indonesia as a potential for sustainable ecotourism. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted in the Batuputih Nature Tourism Park (BNTP), Bitung, North Sulawesi (Sulawesi Utara), Indonesia from April until June 2022. \u0000Methodology: The data collection method is carried out using vegetation analysis where this method is a combination method between the path method and the banded line. The number of plot paths used in this study was 47 plots. The distance between the plot of the paths is 20 meters. Determination of the observation path plot is carried out by purposive sampling. Data obtained in the field were analyzed using the Shannon-Wienner species diversity index. \u0000Results: The study's results found 61 types of plants at the sapling level, 29 at the pole level and 47 at the tree level. The plants that dominate Batuputih Nature Tourism Park (BNTP) at the level of mature trees belong to the family Malvaceae, while the plants that dominate at the level of piles and piles belong to the families Rubiaceae and Anacardiaceae. The value of plant species diversity at each level is greater than 3. The diversity index value at the sapling level is 3.75, the pole level is 3.15, and the tree level with a value of 3.11. \u0000Conclusion: The diversity of flora species at the level of trees, pole and sapling in the Batuputih Nature Tourism Park area is included in the category of high abundance. This means that the diversity of flora species in the community is increasingly stable in the BNTP area. In this area, 2 (two) types of flora endemic to North Sulawesi are found as potential for sustainable ecotourism, namely the species of Homalium celebicum and Pterospermum celebicum. Both types of endemic plants have the potential to become icons or flagships of ecotourism in North Sulawesi.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87549374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i4309
N. A. Aljalaud, Haifa M. Alkhaldi
Background: Morphologically there is a great similarity in the musculoskeletal pattern in different species of the primates especially the development of hands and digits for better functional adaptation to their environment. The factors involved in evolution of modern hand are muscle-tendon architecture, shape, size of bones and articular surfaces in joints. Human hand is functionally highly evolved with manipulative potential for fast and fine skilled activity especially in thumb and index finger as compared with other species. Aim: Present study was undertaken to compare the hand anatomy of the Baboon and Squirrel with the Human. Methods: Two commonly found mammals in Saudi Arabia i.e. Baboon and Squirrel were selected to reflect the different environmental adaptations. The human hands were provided by the Department of Anatomy. The animals were anesthetized, sacrificed at Anesthesia Department. Fixation done by 9% formaldehyde solution, hands dissected under Zeiss dissecting microscope, Muscle groups identified using 5% iodine stain, Bones and cartilages stained by Alizarin red and Alcian blue stain respectively and photographed (Nikon D3200 digital camera). The hand divided into four parts: Wrist, dorsum of hand, palm and fingers. Results: Human Hand: Wrist is wide, bones arranged in two rows gliding over each other for free movements at hand. Dorsum has thin fatty layer, more wrinkles and fewer hairs. Palm has thick skin without hair and well-developed muscles are arranged in groups (Thenar, Hypothenar, Lumbricals and Interossei). Digits have extensor and flexor tendons up to middle and distal phalanx. Thumb is rotated providing opposition and multiaxial movements. Baboon Hand: Wrist is short, bones arranged in two rows but fewer movements at hand. Dorsum has fewer wrinkles, more hairs. Palm skin has very thick layer, especially at friction pad located below fingers; muscles are arranged in groups but not fully developed as compared to human. Squirrel Hand: Small and close dimensions, five short fingers, pointed, every finger ends with a claw. The skin is thin, covered with hair. Palm is thin but completely free of hair with digital pad. Phalanges are short and all fingers have two phalanges. Thumb has only one phalanx. Conclusions: Human hand structure is evolved for better grip and fine movements of hand providing better functional and artistic capabilities.
{"title":"Comparative Anatomical Studies on the Hand of Human and Two Mammalian Species","authors":"N. A. Aljalaud, Haifa M. Alkhaldi","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i4309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i4309","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Morphologically there is a great similarity in the musculoskeletal pattern in different species of the primates especially the development of hands and digits for better functional adaptation to their environment. The factors involved in evolution of modern hand are muscle-tendon architecture, shape, size of bones and articular surfaces in joints. Human hand is functionally highly evolved with manipulative potential for fast and fine skilled activity especially in thumb and index finger as compared with other species. Aim: Present study was undertaken to compare the hand anatomy of the Baboon and Squirrel with the Human. Methods: Two commonly found mammals in Saudi Arabia i.e. Baboon and Squirrel were selected to reflect the different environmental adaptations. The human hands were provided by the Department of Anatomy. The animals were anesthetized, sacrificed at Anesthesia Department. Fixation done by 9% formaldehyde solution, hands dissected under Zeiss dissecting microscope, Muscle groups identified using 5% iodine stain, Bones and cartilages stained by Alizarin red and Alcian blue stain respectively and photographed (Nikon D3200 digital camera). The hand divided into four parts: Wrist, dorsum of hand, palm and fingers. Results: Human Hand: Wrist is wide, bones arranged in two rows gliding over each other for free movements at hand. Dorsum has thin fatty layer, more wrinkles and fewer hairs. Palm has thick skin without hair and well-developed muscles are arranged in groups (Thenar, Hypothenar, Lumbricals and Interossei). Digits have extensor and flexor tendons up to middle and distal phalanx. Thumb is rotated providing opposition and multiaxial movements. Baboon Hand: Wrist is short, bones arranged in two rows but fewer movements at hand. Dorsum has fewer wrinkles, more hairs. Palm skin has very thick layer, especially at friction pad located below fingers; muscles are arranged in groups but not fully developed as compared to human. Squirrel Hand: Small and close dimensions, five short fingers, pointed, every finger ends with a claw. The skin is thin, covered with hair. Palm is thin but completely free of hair with digital pad. Phalanges are short and all fingers have two phalanges. Thumb has only one phalanx. Conclusions: Human hand structure is evolved for better grip and fine movements of hand providing better functional and artistic capabilities.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86178990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i4308
M. Khalequzzaman, T. Chakrabarty, M. Islam, E. Rashid, M. Prince, M. Siddique
The study was conducted to estimate the mean performance, genetic parameters along with traits association and path coefficients from data collected on 48 Transplanted Aman (T. Aman) rice landraces. In mean performance, Manik Digha, Goirol, Jesso Balam, Dal Katra, Chinri Gushi, Indrasail, Sunadiga, Bad Kalamkati, Raj Mondal and Blue Stick were found as elite landraces. High heritability along with genetic advance (GA) and genetic advance in per cent of mean (GAMP) was observed for basal leaf width, plant height, culm length, filled grain/panicle, unfilled grain/panicle, days to flowering, days to maturity, test weight, grain length, grain breadth, decorticated grain length breadth ratio and yield showed high genetic advance that helped in effective and reliable selection through these characters for crop improvement. A positive and significant association was found for filled grain per panicle, days to flowering, days to maturity, grain length and decorticated grain length breadth ratio with yield/hill at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Though days to maturity and decorticated grain length breadth ratio have a negative direct effect on yield but made the total association positive and significant. Filled grain/panicle, days to flower and grain length have a positive direct effect on yield and made the total association positive and significant. Yield had significant (***p<0.001) positive correlations with filled grains number per panicle, days to flowering, days to maturity, grain length, and decorticated grain length breadth ratio. Hence, basal leaf width, plant height, culm length, filled grain/panicle, unfilled grain/panicle, days to flower, days to maturity, test weight, grain length, grain breadth, decorticated grain length breadth ratio and yield are identified as key traits for developing high yielding rice breeding lines.
本研究利用48个安曼(T. Aman)地方稻品种的资料，估算了其平均性能、遗传参数、性状关联和通径系数。在平均表现方面，Manik Digha, Goirol, Jesso Balam, Dal Katra, Chinri Gushi, Indrasail, Sunadiga, Bad Kalamkati, Raj Mondal和Blue Stick被认为是精英地方选手。基叶宽、株高、茎长、灌浆粒/穗、未灌浆粒/穗、开花期、成熟期、试重、粒长、粒宽、去皮粒长、粒宽比、产量等性状的遗传先进性高，遗传先进性高，有利于通过这些性状进行有效、可靠的选择，进行作物改良。在基因型和表型水平上，每穗实粒数、开花天数、成熟天数、籽粒长度和去皮粒长宽比与产量/山均呈显著正相关。成熟日数和去梗粒长宽比对产量有负的直接影响，但使总产量呈显著正相关。饱满粒/穗、开花日数和粒长对产量有直接正向影响，使总关联正显著。产量与每穗实粒数、开花天数、成熟天数、粒长、去梗粒长宽比呈显著正相关(***p<0.001)。因此，基叶宽、株高、茎长、结实粒/穗、未结实粒/穗、开花日数、成熟日数、试重、粒长、粒宽、去皮粒长宽比和产量被确定为培育高产水稻育种系的关键性状。
{"title":"Assessment of Mean Performance, Variability, Traits Association and Path Coefficient in Transplanted Aman Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Landraces","authors":"M. Khalequzzaman, T. Chakrabarty, M. Islam, E. Rashid, M. Prince, M. Siddique","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i4308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i4308","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to estimate the mean performance, genetic parameters along with traits association and path coefficients from data collected on 48 Transplanted Aman (T. Aman) rice landraces. In mean performance, Manik Digha, Goirol, Jesso Balam, Dal Katra, Chinri Gushi, Indrasail, Sunadiga, Bad Kalamkati, Raj Mondal and Blue Stick were found as elite landraces. High heritability along with genetic advance (GA) and genetic advance in per cent of mean (GAMP) was observed for basal leaf width, plant height, culm length, filled grain/panicle, unfilled grain/panicle, days to flowering, days to maturity, test weight, grain length, grain breadth, decorticated grain length breadth ratio and yield showed high genetic advance that helped in effective and reliable selection through these characters for crop improvement. A positive and significant association was found for filled grain per panicle, days to flowering, days to maturity, grain length and decorticated grain length breadth ratio with yield/hill at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Though days to maturity and decorticated grain length breadth ratio have a negative direct effect on yield but made the total association positive and significant. Filled grain/panicle, days to flower and grain length have a positive direct effect on yield and made the total association positive and significant. Yield had significant (***p<0.001) positive correlations with filled grains number per panicle, days to flowering, days to maturity, grain length, and decorticated grain length breadth ratio. Hence, basal leaf width, plant height, culm length, filled grain/panicle, unfilled grain/panicle, days to flower, days to maturity, test weight, grain length, grain breadth, decorticated grain length breadth ratio and yield are identified as key traits for developing high yielding rice breeding lines.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87624202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i3304
Mohamed Elborei
Liver is the largest gland inside our body, and it is accounted for many functions in the body but like any other organ in the body it is prone to different disease but the most dangerous one of them is hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma is fetal, and it is having low survival rate and it is resistant to the most of the know therapy that’s why there is always a need for new treatment modalities. It has different causative agents, different staging methods, different mechanism for hepatocarcinogenesis and different treatment modalities like liver resection, liver transplantation and sorafenib. Tumor hypoxia is a common feature of hepatocellular carcinoma and other solid tumours, and it results from a lack of blood supply to the rapidly expanding cancer cells. Tumor hypoxia is an unfavourable prognosis factor since it enhances the tumor's aggressiveness and resistance to treatment, which is why reducing tumour hypoxia has a lot of therapeutic benefits for cancer patients. Drug resistance, metastasis, angiogenesis, metabolic shifting, radiotherapy resistance, and overall tumour aggressiveness and poor prognosis are all caused by hypoxia inducible factor 1, which causes drug resistance, metastasis, angiogenesis, metabolic shifting, radiotherapy resistance, and overall tumour aggressiveness and poor prognosis. There is keen research working on the tumor hypoxia and trying to discover new drugs and approaches to correct the tumor hypoxia like prodrugs activated by hypoxia, hyperbaric oxygen, nanoparticles, oral oxygen therapy and finally hypoxia inducible factors inhibitors like for example benzopyranyl 1,2,3-triazole, glyceollins and vorinostat.
{"title":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma & Hypoxia: A Review","authors":"Mohamed Elborei","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i3304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i3304","url":null,"abstract":"Liver is the largest gland inside our body, and it is accounted for many functions in the body but like any other organ in the body it is prone to different disease but the most dangerous one of them is hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma is fetal, and it is having low survival rate and it is resistant to the most of the know therapy that’s why there is always a need for new treatment modalities. It has different causative agents, different staging methods, different mechanism for hepatocarcinogenesis and different treatment modalities like liver resection, liver transplantation and sorafenib. Tumor hypoxia is a common feature of hepatocellular carcinoma and other solid tumours, and it results from a lack of blood supply to the rapidly expanding cancer cells. Tumor hypoxia is an unfavourable prognosis factor since it enhances the tumor's aggressiveness and resistance to treatment, which is why reducing tumour hypoxia has a lot of therapeutic benefits for cancer patients. Drug resistance, metastasis, angiogenesis, metabolic shifting, radiotherapy resistance, and overall tumour aggressiveness and poor prognosis are all caused by hypoxia inducible factor 1, which causes drug resistance, metastasis, angiogenesis, metabolic shifting, radiotherapy resistance, and overall tumour aggressiveness and poor prognosis. There is keen research working on the tumor hypoxia and trying to discover new drugs and approaches to correct the tumor hypoxia like prodrugs activated by hypoxia, hyperbaric oxygen, nanoparticles, oral oxygen therapy and finally hypoxia inducible factors inhibitors like for example benzopyranyl 1,2,3-triazole, glyceollins and vorinostat.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89848839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i3303
Wilfrid Bio N’goye, A. Schubert, Rada Abu-Ammar, C. Vissiennon, V. Ahyi, Zackarie Vissiennon, G. Dramane
Phytopathogenic fungi decrease crop yield and quality and cause crop damage. The present work aims to study the effectiveness of certain extracts of medicinal and food plants (EtOH, DCM) that are present in the Republic of Benin on the mycelial growth of toxigenic molds responsible for the degradation of cereals. Ethanol, dichloromethane and aqueous extracts were studied in vitro for their antifungal activities against Fusarium graminearum using microdilution methods. The results show that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil is 2.5μl/ml. Regarding the essential oils of Cymbopogon citractus and Eucalyptus globulus they have a complete inhibition at 0.3μl / ml which is the most concentration tested. Ethanolic and dichloromethane extracts from different plants showed relative growth of about 77.54% for trunk bark and 41.7% for root bark of Anogeisus leiocarpus. The DCM extract of Momordica charantia showed an inhibition of approximately 59.675% at 800μg/ml. The essential oils Cymbopogon citractus, Eucalyptus globulus, Ocimum gratissimum and trunk bark of Anogeissus leiocarpus show promise as an antifungal agent.
{"title":"Antifungal Activity of Certain Plants of Benin on Fusarium graminearum Cereals Pathogene","authors":"Wilfrid Bio N’goye, A. Schubert, Rada Abu-Ammar, C. Vissiennon, V. Ahyi, Zackarie Vissiennon, G. Dramane","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i3303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i3303","url":null,"abstract":"Phytopathogenic fungi decrease crop yield and quality and cause crop damage. The present work aims to study the effectiveness of certain extracts of medicinal and food plants (EtOH, DCM) that are present in the Republic of Benin on the mycelial growth of toxigenic molds responsible for the degradation of cereals. \u0000Ethanol, dichloromethane and aqueous extracts were studied in vitro for their antifungal activities against Fusarium graminearum using microdilution methods. The results show that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil is 2.5μl/ml. Regarding the essential oils of Cymbopogon citractus and Eucalyptus globulus they have a complete inhibition at 0.3μl / ml which is the most concentration tested. \u0000Ethanolic and dichloromethane extracts from different plants showed relative growth of about 77.54% for trunk bark and 41.7% for root bark of Anogeisus leiocarpus. The DCM extract of Momordica charantia showed an inhibition of approximately 59.675% at 800μg/ml. The essential oils Cymbopogon citractus, Eucalyptus globulus, Ocimum gratissimum and trunk bark of Anogeissus leiocarpus show promise as an antifungal agent.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81505957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i3302
R. Birudu, D. Kumari, G. Sangaiah, P. R. Sekhar, R. Babu, S. Suma, D. Raju
Viruses, which are incredibly tiny particles, are what give humans pandemic and epidemic diseases. Many viral infections have impacted human health throughout history, and epidemic and pandemic diseases have claimed many lives. Many viral infections, such as SARS, the Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus, Ebola, H1N1, and the current COVID-19, have affected people in this decade. Positive sense single-stranded RNA is present in SARS CoV2. The virus's structure is reminiscent of the Corona virus found in bats. SARS-CoV-2, which has its genesis in Wuhan, China's primary transportation hub, is the cause of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 spread globally from China. In 213 countries, 1.5 crore people have been diagnosed with COVID-19, and 6.3 lakh of them have died. The primary symptoms include headache, dry cough, myalgia, difficulty breathing, and fever. Serological testing, RT-PCR, and CT-Scan imaging are used to diagnose this condition. Like SARS virus, SARS-CoV-2 virus binds to ACE2 receptors. The same medications used to treat SARS are also utilized to treat COVID-19 patients. Drugs like Remdesivir, Ritonavir-lopinavir, and Umifenovir work well to lower viral loads in patients. The vaccine is being prepared in numerous nations. The COVID-19 disease vaccines are being made by Oxford University (AZD1222), the USA (MRNA-1273), India (COVAXIN), and China (INO-4800). Since the vaccinations are still in the clinical trial stage, we are still waiting for an effective vaccine.
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review","authors":"R. Birudu, D. Kumari, G. Sangaiah, P. R. Sekhar, R. Babu, S. Suma, D. Raju","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i3302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i3302","url":null,"abstract":"Viruses, which are incredibly tiny particles, are what give humans pandemic and epidemic diseases. Many viral infections have impacted human health throughout history, and epidemic and pandemic diseases have claimed many lives. Many viral infections, such as SARS, the Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus, Ebola, H1N1, and the current COVID-19, have affected people in this decade. Positive sense single-stranded RNA is present in SARS CoV2. The virus's structure is reminiscent of the Corona virus found in bats. SARS-CoV-2, which has its genesis in Wuhan, China's primary transportation hub, is the cause of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 spread globally from China. In 213 countries, 1.5 crore people have been diagnosed with COVID-19, and 6.3 lakh of them have died. The primary symptoms include headache, dry cough, myalgia, difficulty breathing, and fever. Serological testing, RT-PCR, and CT-Scan imaging are used to diagnose this condition. Like SARS virus, SARS-CoV-2 virus binds to ACE2 receptors. The same medications used to treat SARS are also utilized to treat COVID-19 patients. Drugs like Remdesivir, Ritonavir-lopinavir, and Umifenovir work well to lower viral loads in patients. The vaccine is being prepared in numerous nations. The COVID-19 disease vaccines are being made by Oxford University (AZD1222), the USA (MRNA-1273), India (COVAXIN), and China (INO-4800). Since the vaccinations are still in the clinical trial stage, we are still waiting for an effective vaccine.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90916933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i3301
J. Ihuma, S. Kure, T. Famojuro, T. D. Malgwi
Aims: This work aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of the stem bark extracts of P. biglobosa on selected bacteria species, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Bingham University-Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Methodology: Plant extracts were made by boiling, soaking and methanol extraction, and the antimicrobial assay was performed using the disc and agar-well diffusion methods. Results: The results indicated all the extract exhibited antimicrobial properties. The highest potential activity was observed with the macerated extract with zones of inhibition at 12.5 mm and 6.5 mm against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively in the agar-well diffusion method while no active zone of inhibition was recorded in the disk diffusion method. It was noted that the macerated extract showed the highest MIC of 100 mg/ml with a zone of inhibition at 15.0 mm against S. aureus. Conclusion: The results obtained showed that the macerated extract of the plant possess the highest antimicrobial effect against S. aureus, and E. coli. Although observed potency of this extract in vitro, may not be translated to the same activity in vivo. However, the results confirmed the efficacy of the plant as a natural antimicrobial and can be further investigated for possible antimicrobial drug discovery.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Effects of the Stem Bark Extracts of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) G. Don on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"J. Ihuma, S. Kure, T. Famojuro, T. D. Malgwi","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i3301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i3301","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This work aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of the stem bark extracts of P. biglobosa on selected bacteria species, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Bingham University-Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. \u0000Methodology: Plant extracts were made by boiling, soaking and methanol extraction, and the antimicrobial assay was performed using the disc and agar-well diffusion methods. \u0000Results: The results indicated all the extract exhibited antimicrobial properties. The highest potential activity was observed with the macerated extract with zones of inhibition at 12.5 mm and 6.5 mm against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively in the agar-well diffusion method while no active zone of inhibition was recorded in the disk diffusion method. It was noted that the macerated extract showed the highest MIC of 100 mg/ml with a zone of inhibition at 15.0 mm against S. aureus. \u0000Conclusion: The results obtained showed that the macerated extract of the plant possess the highest antimicrobial effect against S. aureus, and E. coli. Although observed potency of this extract in vitro, may not be translated to the same activity in vivo. However, the results confirmed the efficacy of the plant as a natural antimicrobial and can be further investigated for possible antimicrobial drug discovery.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85297943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-17DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i2300
M. Seifzadeh
The present research was aimed for determining the quality of natural β-Carotene, comparing it with synthetic β-Carotene and the effect of season on it. Azolla was sampled in summer and winter seasons. The treatments included β-carotene derived from Azolla through the organic solutions. Synthetic β-Carotene was used as the control. The treatments were kept at 5°C for one year. The results showed purity, concentration, colorimetric and vitamin A in the experimental and control treatments, revealed significant difference (p<0.05). β-Carotene amount was higher in summer treatment group as compared to those sampled in winter (p<0.05). The solubility of β-Carotene was greatest in tetrahydrofuran, while methanol and acetonitrile exhibited the least solubility. Degradation was greatest in cyclohexanone. The experimental treatments had a desirable chemical quality the end of storage period. As the natural β-Carotene takes precedence over the synthetic one in terms of the food hygiene, it is recommended that β-Carotene extracted from Azolla can be substituted with synthetic β-Carotene in the food industry.
{"title":"The Evaluation and Comparison of Chemical Quality of β-Carotene Extracted in Different Seasons from Azolla filicloides","authors":"M. Seifzadeh","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i2300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i2300","url":null,"abstract":"The present research was aimed for determining the quality of natural β-Carotene, comparing it with synthetic β-Carotene and the effect of season on it. Azolla was sampled in summer and winter seasons. The treatments included β-carotene derived from Azolla through the organic solutions. Synthetic β-Carotene was used as the control. The treatments were kept at 5°C for one year. The results showed purity, concentration, colorimetric and vitamin A in the experimental and control treatments, revealed significant difference (p<0.05). β-Carotene amount was higher in summer treatment group as compared to those sampled in winter (p<0.05). The solubility of β-Carotene was greatest in tetrahydrofuran, while methanol and acetonitrile exhibited the least solubility. Degradation was greatest in cyclohexanone. The experimental treatments had a desirable chemical quality the end of storage period. As the natural β-Carotene takes precedence over the synthetic one in terms of the food hygiene, it is recommended that β-Carotene extracted from Azolla can be substituted with synthetic β-Carotene in the food industry.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83413872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-09DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i2299
I. O. Safiya, M. Olayinka, T. A. Umbugala, S. Eke, R. Ombugadu, M. Abdullahi, J. Tongjura
Mosquitoes are vectors of the major diseases of public health concern in the World. These include malaria, dengue fever, lymphatic filariasis, yellow fever, chikwungunya and recently zika virus causing morbidity and mortality in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. The success of malarial vector control depends on the susceptibility of Anopheles mosquitoes to insecticides. One locally made insecticide (Ota Pia-Pia), and synthetic insecticides Sniper and while Deltamethrin were used as a go standard from WHOPES as the control for the two insecticide to conduct Bioassay test against Anopheles mosquitoes in Keffi Local Government Area, Nasarawa the aim is to compare state of knockdown effects. The test papers included Ota pia-pia impregnated with (0.05%, 0.5% and 1.0%), sniper (0.05%, 0.5% and 1.0%), Deltamethrin (0.05%) as control for the insecticides and a general control using untreated paper impregnated with 0.05% of olive oil. Anopheles mosquito larvae were collected from three locations in Keffi Local Government Area and were returned in plastic bowls to the insectary laboratory of the Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi and reared to adults. One hundred (100) female Anopheles mosquitoes were fed with glucose for 3 – 5 days used in the Bioassay per treatment and replicated four times. The post-exposure one hour knockdown and 24hours mortality was assessed. It was observed that at 1%, 0.5% and 0.05% concentrations in sniper had the highest knockdown effect, 96%, 90% and 88% respectively while Deltamethrin had the least knockdown effect of 25%, 28% and 29% in August, September and October respectively. The results indicated that the mosquito populations in the locality were more resistant to Deltamethrin than sniper. A regular monitoring of resistance status is essential to help control mosquitoes in our communities.
{"title":"Comparative Knockdown Efficacy of Locally Made Insecticide ‘Ota Pia-Pia’ and Commercially Available ‘Sniper’ Against Malaria Vectors Using Deltametrin as the Control Standard in Keffi Local Government Area, Nasarawa, Nigeria","authors":"I. O. Safiya, M. Olayinka, T. A. Umbugala, S. Eke, R. Ombugadu, M. Abdullahi, J. Tongjura","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i2299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i2299","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquitoes are vectors of the major diseases of public health concern in the World. These include malaria, dengue fever, lymphatic filariasis, yellow fever, chikwungunya and recently zika virus causing morbidity and mortality in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. The success of malarial vector control depends on the susceptibility of Anopheles mosquitoes to insecticides. One locally made insecticide (Ota Pia-Pia), and synthetic insecticides Sniper and while Deltamethrin were used as a go standard from WHOPES as the control for the two insecticide to conduct Bioassay test against Anopheles mosquitoes in Keffi Local Government Area, Nasarawa the aim is to compare state of knockdown effects. The test papers included Ota pia-pia impregnated with (0.05%, 0.5% and 1.0%), sniper (0.05%, 0.5% and 1.0%), Deltamethrin (0.05%) as control for the insecticides and a general control using untreated paper impregnated with 0.05% of olive oil. Anopheles mosquito larvae were collected from three locations in Keffi Local Government Area and were returned in plastic bowls to the insectary laboratory of the Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi and reared to adults. One hundred (100) female Anopheles mosquitoes were fed with glucose for 3 – 5 days used in the Bioassay per treatment and replicated four times. The post-exposure one hour knockdown and 24hours mortality was assessed. It was observed that at 1%, 0.5% and 0.05% concentrations in sniper had the highest knockdown effect, 96%, 90% and 88% respectively while Deltamethrin had the least knockdown effect of 25%, 28% and 29% in August, September and October respectively. The results indicated that the mosquito populations in the locality were more resistant to Deltamethrin than sniper. A regular monitoring of resistance status is essential to help control mosquitoes in our communities.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"78 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72548068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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