K. Maie, S. Kondo, Hideyuki Tanaka, Akira Otsuka, Shuichi Takahashi, Mayumi Fujita
The characteristics of walking with different types of shoes were investigated from the viewpoint of ground reaction forces, as compared with those during walking barefoot. The shoes used in this experiment were three types for casual or business uses for men, which were on the market in Japan. The same shoes were worn by 4 male subjects of the same shoes sizes. It was concluded, from the analysis of variance and the mean difference test, that (1) the ground reaction forces during walking with shoes showed large differences between subjects, (2) the first peak value of the vertical ground rection force had the tendency to increase while the polar minimum value of the vertical force had the tendency to decrease during walking with shoes, (3) the effect of shoes on the ground reaction forces appeared subject specific, and (4) the formal shoes with leather sole had less effect to enhance the acceleration.
{"title":"The Characteristics of Walking with Different Types of Shoes as Viewed from the Ground Reaction Forces","authors":"K. Maie, S. Kondo, Hideyuki Tanaka, Akira Otsuka, Shuichi Takahashi, Mayumi Fujita","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.183","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics of walking with different types of shoes were investigated from the viewpoint of ground reaction forces, as compared with those during walking barefoot. The shoes used in this experiment were three types for casual or business uses for men, which were on the market in Japan. The same shoes were worn by 4 male subjects of the same shoes sizes. It was concluded, from the analysis of variance and the mean difference test, that (1) the ground reaction forces during walking with shoes showed large differences between subjects, (2) the first peak value of the vertical ground rection force had the tendency to increase while the polar minimum value of the vertical force had the tendency to decrease during walking with shoes, (3) the effect of shoes on the ground reaction forces appeared subject specific, and (4) the formal shoes with leather sole had less effect to enhance the acceleration.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"183-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1537/ASE1911.100.183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Total body fat mass was estimated in a group of 65 healthy male and 39 healthy female Japanese aged 40-77 using the D2O dilution method, and by measurement of skinfold thickness at 14 sites. The weights of skin, and subcutaneous and internal adipose tissue were calculated. The women had a higher total adipose tissue weight than the men (p<0.01). Absolute subcutaneous adipose tissue weight in women was about double that in men. However, absolute internal adipose tissue weight and internal adipose tissue weight as a percentage of body weight showed no significant sex difference. The relationship of total and subcutaneous adipose tissue weight with age showed a correlation of r=-0.283 (p<0.05) and r=-0.367 (p<0.01), respectively, for men and r=-0.329 (p< 0.05) and r=-0.428 (p<0.01), respectively, for women. The correlation of internal adipose tissue weight with age was not significant, but the internal adipose tissue weight/total adipose tissue weight ratio increased steadily with age in both sexes.
{"title":"Age-Related Changes in Body Fat Distribution in Middle-Aged and Elderly Japanese","authors":"S. Komiya, Y. Muraoka, Fu-sheng Zhang, T. Masuda","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.161","url":null,"abstract":"Total body fat mass was estimated in a group of 65 healthy male and 39 healthy female Japanese aged 40-77 using the D2O dilution method, and by measurement of skinfold thickness at 14 sites. The weights of skin, and subcutaneous and internal adipose tissue were calculated. The women had a higher total adipose tissue weight than the men (p<0.01). Absolute subcutaneous adipose tissue weight in women was about double that in men. However, absolute internal adipose tissue weight and internal adipose tissue weight as a percentage of body weight showed no significant sex difference. The relationship of total and subcutaneous adipose tissue weight with age showed a correlation of r=-0.283 (p<0.05) and r=-0.367 (p<0.01), respectively, for men and r=-0.329 (p< 0.05) and r=-0.428 (p<0.01), respectively, for women. The correlation of internal adipose tissue weight with age was not significant, but the internal adipose tissue weight/total adipose tissue weight ratio increased steadily with age in both sexes.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"161-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1537/ASE1911.100.161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emergence ages of third molars in a modern Japanese population were examined, and the results were compared with those for other ethnic groups. The subjects of the study consisted of 983 individuals (539 males and 444 females) aged 18 to 40 years. The family backgrounds of all of the individuals studied were presumed to be of the middle-class socioeconomic group. In each case, a third molar was judged to have erupted if any part of the tooth crown had pierced the gingiva. The median emergence age was estimated by probit analysis of the incidence of eruption, measured as the number of persons at each age level with one or more third molars erupted. The median emergence age was 19.59 years for males and 20.67 years for females. More third molars had erupted in males than in females at any given age. Also, mandibular molars tended to have erupted earlier than their maxillary counterparts, especially in females. Viewed from a global perspective, the Japanese population was characterized as experiencing third molar emergence at a relatively late age.
{"title":"Third Molar Emergence in a Modern Japanese Population","authors":"H. Yamada","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.425","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence ages of third molars in a modern Japanese population were examined, and the results were compared with those for other ethnic groups. The subjects of the study consisted of 983 individuals (539 males and 444 females) aged 18 to 40 years. The family backgrounds of all of the individuals studied were presumed to be of the middle-class socioeconomic group. In each case, a third molar was judged to have erupted if any part of the tooth crown had pierced the gingiva. The median emergence age was estimated by probit analysis of the incidence of eruption, measured as the number of persons at each age level with one or more third molars erupted. The median emergence age was 19.59 years for males and 20.67 years for females. More third molars had erupted in males than in females at any given age. Also, mandibular molars tended to have erupted earlier than their maxillary counterparts, especially in females. Viewed from a global perspective, the Japanese population was characterized as experiencing third molar emergence at a relatively late age.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"425-432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Kanazawa, M. Sekikawa, M. Natori, Yoshimitsu Kamiakito, T. Ozaki
The frequencies of occurrence of anomalous traits or tubercles on the lower second deciduous molar were investigated with the use of moire contourgraphy. A molar with negligible attrition was fixed in the tricuspal position where the position of the protoconid, metaconid and hypoconid were in a horizontal plane. A moire photograph in the pitch of 0.2 mm was thus obtained and examined. The frequency of occurrence of a tubercle was counted in three grades according to its contour patterns. The traits and their sex-pooled frequencies were as follows (n=45): (1) Mesial Accessory Tubercle, 17.8%;(2) Metaconid Mesial Accessory Tubercle, 8.9%;(3) Metaconid Distal Accessory Tubercle, 57.8%; (4) Distal Trigonid Crest, 17.8%;(5) Deflecting Wrinkle, 46.7%;(6) Sixth Cusp, 35.5%; (7) Entoconid Mesial Accessory Ridge, 0%; (8) Protostylid, 73.3%. The incidences of the traits were compared with those in the permanent first molars previously studied. The traits nos. 2, 3, 4 and 8 were significantly more frequent in the deciduous molars than in the permanent ones when tested by χ2 test. On the other hand, the frequencies of trait nos. 1, 5, 6 and 7 were not significantly different between both molars. Three of four traits showing significant difference located around the metaconid, which indicated the high morphological variability of the metaconid in the deciduous lower second molar.
{"title":"Frequencies of Occurrence of Accessory Tubercles and Other Traits in the Lower Deciduous Second Molar","authors":"E. Kanazawa, M. Sekikawa, M. Natori, Yoshimitsu Kamiakito, T. Ozaki","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.43","url":null,"abstract":"The frequencies of occurrence of anomalous traits or tubercles on the lower second deciduous molar were investigated with the use of moire contourgraphy. A molar with negligible attrition was fixed in the tricuspal position where the position of the protoconid, metaconid and hypoconid were in a horizontal plane. A moire photograph in the pitch of 0.2 mm was thus obtained and examined. The frequency of occurrence of a tubercle was counted in three grades according to its contour patterns. The traits and their sex-pooled frequencies were as follows (n=45): (1) Mesial Accessory Tubercle, 17.8%;(2) Metaconid Mesial Accessory Tubercle, 8.9%;(3) Metaconid Distal Accessory Tubercle, 57.8%; (4) Distal Trigonid Crest, 17.8%;(5) Deflecting Wrinkle, 46.7%;(6) Sixth Cusp, 35.5%; (7) Entoconid Mesial Accessory Ridge, 0%; (8) Protostylid, 73.3%. The incidences of the traits were compared with those in the permanent first molars previously studied. The traits nos. 2, 3, 4 and 8 were significantly more frequent in the deciduous molars than in the permanent ones when tested by χ2 test. On the other hand, the frequencies of trait nos. 1, 5, 6 and 7 were not significantly different between both molars. Three of four traits showing significant difference located around the metaconid, which indicated the high morphological variability of the metaconid in the deciduous lower second molar.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Maie, Tadatoshi Yamada, S. Kondo, Hideyuki Tanaka
Characteristics of the fast speed walking in old men, primarily from the viewpoint of the ground reaction forces, were investigated in comparison with those during the ordinary speed walking. As a result, the following were recognized as the characteristics of fast speed walking in old men; (1) the walking speed, step length, and brake impulse as well as acceleration impulse began to decrease pronouncedly from the age group in their 60s, (2) the walking of subjects in their 60s and 70s were hastened from the ordinary speed level with almost the same ratios as in the younger subjects, (3) increase of the step length during the fast speed walking, against those during the ordinary speed walking, was smaller in subjects in their 70s than in the younger, (4) increase of the brake impulse during the fast speed walking, against those during the ordinary speed walking, began to decrease from the age-group in their 60s, while (5) that of the acceleration impulse remained unchanged with age. The principal component analysis revealed that (6) the contents of the fast speed walking are almost identical in ages between 20s and 50s, suggesting that they begin to change at one's 60s.
{"title":"The Characteristics of Fast Speed Walking in old Men from the Viewpoint of the Ground Reaction Forces","authors":"K. Maie, Tadatoshi Yamada, S. Kondo, Hideyuki Tanaka","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.499","url":null,"abstract":"Characteristics of the fast speed walking in old men, primarily from the viewpoint of the ground reaction forces, were investigated in comparison with those during the ordinary speed walking. As a result, the following were recognized as the characteristics of fast speed walking in old men; (1) the walking speed, step length, and brake impulse as well as acceleration impulse began to decrease pronouncedly from the age group in their 60s, (2) the walking of subjects in their 60s and 70s were hastened from the ordinary speed level with almost the same ratios as in the younger subjects, (3) increase of the step length during the fast speed walking, against those during the ordinary speed walking, was smaller in subjects in their 70s than in the younger, (4) increase of the brake impulse during the fast speed walking, against those during the ordinary speed walking, began to decrease from the age-group in their 60s, while (5) that of the acceleration impulse remained unchanged with age. The principal component analysis revealed that (6) the contents of the fast speed walking are almost identical in ages between 20s and 50s, suggesting that they begin to change at one's 60s.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"43 1","pages":"499-509"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1537/ASE1911.100.499","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pelvic bones from 20 modern-Japanese female cadavers were examined in order to ascertain the relationship between the bony scar in the pre-auricular area of the ilium and pregnancies and/or parturitions. The age of cadavers ranged from 49 to 99 years. Sixteen women were reported to have born some children, and four were reported to have never given birth. In several cases, additional information on the number and spacing of deliveries and miscarriages was obtained. The scars were classified into three categories: PP (marked), P (moderate) and N (absent). It can be hypothesized that the scars result from the experience of pregnancy rather than parturition, that their development is possibly related to the number of pregnancies, and that they do not disappear even 18-65 years after the last childbirth.
{"title":"Pregnancy Bony Imprint on Japanese Female Pelves and Its Relation to Pregnancy Experience","authors":"Y. Igarashi","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.311","url":null,"abstract":"Pelvic bones from 20 modern-Japanese female cadavers were examined in order to ascertain the relationship between the bony scar in the pre-auricular area of the ilium and pregnancies and/or parturitions. The age of cadavers ranged from 49 to 99 years. Sixteen women were reported to have born some children, and four were reported to have never given birth. In several cases, additional information on the number and spacing of deliveries and miscarriages was obtained. The scars were classified into three categories: PP (marked), P (moderate) and N (absent). It can be hypothesized that the scars result from the experience of pregnancy rather than parturition, that their development is possibly related to the number of pregnancies, and that they do not disappear even 18-65 years after the last childbirth.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"41 1","pages":"311-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1537/ASE1911.100.311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bibliography(1985-1989)of Human Skeletal Remains Excavated in Japan","authors":"Jirō Ikeda, Hirofumi Matsumur","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.359","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"359-383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Basic statistics on cranial measurements from 15 modern Japanese populations were compiled by the Commission of Anthropological Investigation of Modern Japanese Crania. These data were analyzed in order to evaluate the magnitude of inter-population differences and the influence of secular change on the interpopulation differences. Cranial measurements taken for four populations from the late Edo period were used to estimate the inter-population differences that can be caused by systematic inter-observer measurement errors and by the bias in the sampling. The distance measures based on the measurement items with small intraand inter-observer measurement errors indicate that the inter-population differences in modern Japanese crania are much greater than the differences caused by the measurement error. However, the differences caused by sample bias are as large as some of the inter-population differences. The results of cluster analyses indicate that the influence of secular change can not be ignored. According to the results of discriminant analysis, the key characteristic in determining inter-population difference is maximum cranial breadth. Since secular change is observed in seven out of 13 measurement items with significant inter-population differences, a considerable part of so-called geographic differences among modern Japanese crania is likely to be due to the secular change that took place during the 100 year period required to collect the materials.
{"title":"Secular Change: Confounding Factor or Causative Factor of Inter-population Differences in Modern Japanese Crania?","authors":"M. Kouchi, K. Koizumi","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.405","url":null,"abstract":"Basic statistics on cranial measurements from 15 modern Japanese populations were compiled by the Commission of Anthropological Investigation of Modern Japanese Crania. These data were analyzed in order to evaluate the magnitude of inter-population differences and the influence of secular change on the interpopulation differences. Cranial measurements taken for four populations from the late Edo period were used to estimate the inter-population differences that can be caused by systematic inter-observer measurement errors and by the bias in the sampling. The distance measures based on the measurement items with small intraand inter-observer measurement errors indicate that the inter-population differences in modern Japanese crania are much greater than the differences caused by the measurement error. However, the differences caused by sample bias are as large as some of the inter-population differences. The results of cluster analyses indicate that the influence of secular change can not be ignored. According to the results of discriminant analysis, the key characteristic in determining inter-population difference is maximum cranial breadth. Since secular change is observed in seven out of 13 measurement items with significant inter-population differences, a considerable part of so-called geographic differences among modern Japanese crania is likely to be due to the secular change that took place during the 100 year period required to collect the materials.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"92 1","pages":"405-416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
骨形態学的には西北九州弥生人は縄文人の直系であり,北部九州弥生人には渡来人の影響があったとされている。歯ではC. L. BRACEらが北部九州弥生人の歯が縄文人よりも大きいことを明らかにしている。本研究では縄文人,西北および北部九州弥生人の歯冠計測を行い比較検討した。その結果,北部九州弥生人が縄文人および西北九州弥生人に対して大きな歯を持ち,縄文人と西北九州弥生人との間にはほとんど有意差がなかった。先の3集団に現代人資料を加えた4集団に関してペンローズの距離分析を行ったところ,縄文人と西北九州弥生人,北部九州弥生人と現代人の2つのグループに分かれ,前者は後者に対して相対的に小さな歯を持っていた。
{"title":"Tooth crown size of Yayoi people in the North-west and the North of Kyushu","authors":"Joichi Oyamada","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.83","url":null,"abstract":"骨形態学的には西北九州弥生人は縄文人の直系であり,北部九州弥生人には渡来人の影響があったとされている。歯ではC. L. BRACEらが北部九州弥生人の歯が縄文人よりも大きいことを明らかにしている。本研究では縄文人,西北および北部九州弥生人の歯冠計測を行い比較検討した。その結果,北部九州弥生人が縄文人および西北九州弥生人に対して大きな歯を持ち,縄文人と西北九州弥生人との間にはほとんど有意差がなかった。先の3集団に現代人資料を加えた4集団に関してペンローズの距離分析を行ったところ,縄文人と西北九州弥生人,北部九州弥生人と現代人の2つのグループに分かれ,前者は後者に対して相対的に小さな歯を持っていた。","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"28 18 1","pages":"83-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1537/ASE1911.100.83","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mesiodistal and buccolingual tooth crown diameters were measured on the dental casts collected from four different populations in Japan and one from Taiwan, China. The samples consisted of 206 senior high school students in Akita, 190Tanegashima, 122 Tsushima, 225 Okinawa and 197 Taiwan. Measurements were made twice by one operator using specially made sliding calipers. The reliability of measurement was evaluated on each tooth.From principal component analysis for summarizing variations of the measurements and their indices, seven components were extracted. MAHALANOBIS' generalized distances among five populations were calculated based on eight tooth crown diameters from the above components. The five populations were divided into three groups: one was solely Tsushima, and the other two were Akita and Okinawa, and Tanegashima and Taiwan. When compared with prehistoric Japanese, Jomon and Doigahama-Yayoi(BRACE and NAGAI, 1982), Tsushima was close to Yayoi, but Tanegashima and Taiwan were close to Jomon.
对来自日本4个不同人群和中国台湾1个人群的牙模进行了中远端牙冠直径和颊舌牙冠直径的测量。样本包括秋田地区206名高中生、种子岛地区190名高中生、对马岛地区122名高中生、冲绳地区225名高中生和台湾地区197名高中生。一个作业人员使用特制的滑动卡尺进行了两次测量。在每颗牙齿上评估测量的可靠性。通过主成分分析，总结了测量值及其指标的变化，提取了7个分量。根据上述8个齿冠直径计算5个种群间的广义距离。这五个种群被分为三组:一组是对马岛，另外两组是秋田和冲绳，种子岛和台湾。与史前日本、绳纹和Doigahama-Yayoi(BRACE and NAGAI, 1982)相比，对马岛更接近于弥生，而种子岛和台湾更接近于绳纹。
{"title":"Tooth Crown Affinities among Five Populations from Akita, Tsushima, Tanegashima, Okinawa in Japan, and Middle Taiwan","authors":"A. Suzuki, Y. Takahama","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.171","url":null,"abstract":"Mesiodistal and buccolingual tooth crown diameters were measured on the dental casts collected from four different populations in Japan and one from Taiwan, China. The samples consisted of 206 senior high school students in Akita, 190Tanegashima, 122 Tsushima, 225 Okinawa and 197 Taiwan. Measurements were made twice by one operator using specially made sliding calipers. The reliability of measurement was evaluated on each tooth.From principal component analysis for summarizing variations of the measurements and their indices, seven components were extracted. MAHALANOBIS' generalized distances among five populations were calculated based on eight tooth crown diameters from the above components. The five populations were divided into three groups: one was solely Tsushima, and the other two were Akita and Okinawa, and Tanegashima and Taiwan. When compared with prehistoric Japanese, Jomon and Doigahama-Yayoi(BRACE and NAGAI, 1982), Tsushima was close to Yayoi, but Tanegashima and Taiwan were close to Jomon.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"171-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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