In 2 species of Tupaiidae, 17 species of prosimians, 12 species of New World monkeys, 10 species of Old World monkeys, Hylobates, Gorilla, Pan and human (the STEPHAN'S collection), volumes of the inferior olivary nuclei (principal-IOPr, accessory-IOAc) were measured. The phylogenetical development was studied by using allometry based upon the regression line of 17 species of prosimians. Volume ratios of IOPr and IOAc to medulla oblongata were also examined.The IOPr evolved progressively from prosimians to human, whereas the IOAc were independent of a general evolutionary trend of primates. The IOAc in great apes and human are far inferior to the average prosimian level. Among the monkeys, the arboreal quadrupedal type develops maintaining a balance between the IOPr and the IOAc in comparison with the semi-brachiation and the Old World terrestrial quadrupedal types. Putting these results together with those of the ventral pons (MATANO et al., 1985b), cerebellar nuclear complex (MATANO et al., 1985a) and the vestibular nuclear complex (MATANO, 1986), some considerations were made in relation with the motor system centering around the cerebellum.
对2种土尾科、17种原猴、12种新世界猴、10种旧大陆猴、hyloates、大猩猩、Pan和人类(STEPHAN’s collection)进行了下橄榄核(主- iopr，副- ioac)体积的测定。采用异速生长法对17种原猴的系统发育进行了研究。同时也检测了IOPr和IOAc与延髓的体积比。IOPr从原猿逐渐进化到人类，而IOAc则独立于灵长类动物的一般进化趋势。类人猿和人类的IOAc远低于原猿的平均水平。在猴子中，与半臂式和旧大陆陆地四足动物相比，树栖四足动物在IOPr和IOAc之间保持平衡。将这些结果与腹侧脑桥(MATANO et al.， 1985b)、小脑核复合体(MATANO et al.， 1985a)和前庭核复合体(MATANO, 1986)的结果结合起来，研究人员对以小脑为中心的运动系统进行了一些考虑。
{"title":"A Comparative Neuroprimatological Study on the Inferior Olivary Nuclei (from the STEPHAN's Collection)","authors":"S. Matano","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.69","url":null,"abstract":"In 2 species of Tupaiidae, 17 species of prosimians, 12 species of New World monkeys, 10 species of Old World monkeys, Hylobates, Gorilla, Pan and human (the STEPHAN'S collection), volumes of the inferior olivary nuclei (principal-IOPr, accessory-IOAc) were measured. The phylogenetical development was studied by using allometry based upon the regression line of 17 species of prosimians. Volume ratios of IOPr and IOAc to medulla oblongata were also examined.The IOPr evolved progressively from prosimians to human, whereas the IOAc were independent of a general evolutionary trend of primates. The IOAc in great apes and human are far inferior to the average prosimian level. Among the monkeys, the arboreal quadrupedal type develops maintaining a balance between the IOPr and the IOAc in comparison with the semi-brachiation and the Old World terrestrial quadrupedal types. Putting these results together with those of the ventral pons (MATANO et al., 1985b), cerebellar nuclear complex (MATANO et al., 1985a) and the vestibular nuclear complex (MATANO, 1986), some considerations were made in relation with the motor system centering around the cerebellum.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"69-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Direct linear transformation (DLT) method was applied to the three dimensional anthropometry using slide film image, and the limitation of estimation accuracy was examined by comparing values obtained through the computation based on DLT procedures and manual measurement. The standard errors of estimated three dimensional coordinates were around 4mm in 1, 000mm×1, 000 mm×2, 000mm of calibration area. Also, the acceptable estimation errors of anthropometric dimensions were obtained through the present photogrammetry. The three dimensional slide film analysis with DLT method thus may be an useful photogrammetry for estimating anthropometric dimensions as well as spatial relations among anthropometric landmarks.
{"title":"An Application of Direct Linear Transformation Method to Three Dimensional Anthropometry Using Slide Film Image","authors":"T. Yokoi, M. Kouchi, H. Okada","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.527","url":null,"abstract":"Direct linear transformation (DLT) method was applied to the three dimensional anthropometry using slide film image, and the limitation of estimation accuracy was examined by comparing values obtained through the computation based on DLT procedures and manual measurement. The standard errors of estimated three dimensional coordinates were around 4mm in 1, 000mm×1, 000 mm×2, 000mm of calibration area. Also, the acceptable estimation errors of anthropometric dimensions were obtained through the present photogrammetry. The three dimensional slide film analysis with DLT method thus may be an useful photogrammetry for estimating anthropometric dimensions as well as spatial relations among anthropometric landmarks.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"527-534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Inoue, Yoshihiko Takahashi, R. Sakashita, Mingyuan Wu, T. Nozaki, Chi‐Wen Chen, T. Kamegai, K. Shiono
Three hundred and ninety eight skulls from the Yin-Shang period of China were investigated. The purpose of the present study is (1) to test inter-group difference in morphometrical characters since the samples were reported to be classified into several subgroups (YOUNG, 1985a, b); (2) to analyze the distribution pattern of dental disorders; (3) to find relationships between morphological characters and food culture.On the basis of preliminary examination, 186 male skulls from the six subgroups were selected for craniometric as well as roentgenographic cephalometric measurements and the examination of dental disorders.The results obtained are as follows: (1) statistically significant inter-group differences in morphometrics support YOUNG's initial classification of subgroups; (2) insignificant inter-group difference in dental disorders may suggest that there was no apparent dietary difference among subgroups; (3) it does not seem inducible that the dental disorders are modified by morphological characters; (4) a unique distribution pattern of dental caries in the subgroup II is likely to suggest life history different from those of the other subgroups; (5) the dominant reductive trend of lower face in the subgroup V may suggest their superiority in social status. Key Words Yin-Shang period, Skeletal remains, Craniometrics, Roentgenographic cephalometrics, Dental disorders
{"title":"Morphometrical and Dental Pathological Studies on Skulls from Yin-Shang Period.","authors":"N. Inoue, Yoshihiko Takahashi, R. Sakashita, Mingyuan Wu, T. Nozaki, Chi‐Wen Chen, T. Kamegai, K. Shiono","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.1","url":null,"abstract":"Three hundred and ninety eight skulls from the Yin-Shang period of China were investigated. The purpose of the present study is (1) to test inter-group difference in morphometrical characters since the samples were reported to be classified into several subgroups (YOUNG, 1985a, b); (2) to analyze the distribution pattern of dental disorders; (3) to find relationships between morphological characters and food culture.On the basis of preliminary examination, 186 male skulls from the six subgroups were selected for craniometric as well as roentgenographic cephalometric measurements and the examination of dental disorders.The results obtained are as follows: (1) statistically significant inter-group differences in morphometrics support YOUNG's initial classification of subgroups; (2) insignificant inter-group difference in dental disorders may suggest that there was no apparent dietary difference among subgroups; (3) it does not seem inducible that the dental disorders are modified by morphological characters; (4) a unique distribution pattern of dental caries in the subgroup II is likely to suggest life history different from those of the other subgroups; (5) the dominant reductive trend of lower face in the subgroup V may suggest their superiority in social status. Key Words Yin-Shang period, Skeletal remains, Craniometrics, Roentgenographic cephalometrics, Dental disorders","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, the authors visited the Republic of Kenya to have preliminary contact for developing a new research project on culture and dental disorders. During this tour, traits of tooth extraction in the mandibular anterior region were observed in eight people from four tribes. Hearing directly from these people, it was confirmed that the tooth extractions were done for ritual reasons at around six years of age by an elder person (Mzee) using a knife (Kisu). From the facts that the youngest case was 25 years old, and that the one who was 30 years old eagerly wanted to have the space repaired by false teeth, the new wave of modem culture seemed to reach the peripheral part of Kenya, and the ritual ablation of the teeth was considered to be terminating. In the present paper, preliminary information on ritual ablation in living populations was reported. Detailed quantitative information will be presented when the above-mentioned project comes to be achieved.
{"title":"A Preliminary Report on Ritual Ablation of Anterior Teeth in Modern Kenyan","authors":"N. Inoue, R. Sakashita, T. Nozaki, Tetsuya Kamegi","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.119","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the authors visited the Republic of Kenya to have preliminary contact for developing a new research project on culture and dental disorders. During this tour, traits of tooth extraction in the mandibular anterior region were observed in eight people from four tribes. Hearing directly from these people, it was confirmed that the tooth extractions were done for ritual reasons at around six years of age by an elder person (Mzee) using a knife (Kisu). From the facts that the youngest case was 25 years old, and that the one who was 30 years old eagerly wanted to have the space repaired by false teeth, the new wave of modem culture seemed to reach the peripheral part of Kenya, and the ritual ablation of the teeth was considered to be terminating. In the present paper, preliminary information on ritual ablation in living populations was reported. Detailed quantitative information will be presented when the above-mentioned project comes to be achieved.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"119-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Kanazawa, M. Sekikawa, M. Natori, Y. Kamiakito, T. Ozaki
Small irregular cuspules or tubercles are often seen on the occlusal table of the human deciduous molar as well as the permanent molar. These frequencies were investigated semi-quantitatively with the use of moire contourography. The moire photographs of the occlusal surface were taken with the tips of the paracone, protocone and metacone aligned in a horizontal plane parallel to the grating of the moire contourography. Contour interval was set at 0.2 mm. The frequency of occurrence of a tubercle was counted in three grades according to its contour patterns. Materials were Japanese deciduous upper second molars of 23 males and 33 females with negligible attrition. The frequencies of appearance of tubercles were as follows (sexes pooled): (1) mesial paracone tubercle, 62.5%; (2) mesial accessory tubercle, 76.8%; (3) protoconule, 19.6%; (4) lingual paracone tubercle, 87.5%; (5) metaconule, 26.8%; (6) distal accessory tubercle, 14.3%; (7) CARABELLI's cusp, 82.1%; (8) buccostyle, 17.8%. The incidence of the traits was compared with those in the permanent first molars previously studied. The traits nos. 4, 5, 7 and 8 were significantly more frequent in the deciduous molars than in the permanent first molar, when tested by x2 test. On the other hand, the traits nos. 1, 2, 3 and 6 which located on the mesial and distal marginal ridge did not show significant difference between both molars. This suggested that there might have been differences of phylogenetical origins between traits on the marginal ridge and those in the occlusal table and/or on buccal and lingual surfaces.
{"title":"The Frequencies of Accessory Tubercles and Other Traits in the Upper Deciduous Second Molar.","authors":"E. Kanazawa, M. Sekikawa, M. Natori, Y. Kamiakito, T. Ozaki","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.303","url":null,"abstract":"Small irregular cuspules or tubercles are often seen on the occlusal table of the human deciduous molar as well as the permanent molar. These frequencies were investigated semi-quantitatively with the use of moire contourography. The moire photographs of the occlusal surface were taken with the tips of the paracone, protocone and metacone aligned in a horizontal plane parallel to the grating of the moire contourography. Contour interval was set at 0.2 mm. The frequency of occurrence of a tubercle was counted in three grades according to its contour patterns. Materials were Japanese deciduous upper second molars of 23 males and 33 females with negligible attrition. The frequencies of appearance of tubercles were as follows (sexes pooled): (1) mesial paracone tubercle, 62.5%; (2) mesial accessory tubercle, 76.8%; (3) protoconule, 19.6%; (4) lingual paracone tubercle, 87.5%; (5) metaconule, 26.8%; (6) distal accessory tubercle, 14.3%; (7) CARABELLI's cusp, 82.1%; (8) buccostyle, 17.8%. The incidence of the traits was compared with those in the permanent first molars previously studied. The traits nos. 4, 5, 7 and 8 were significantly more frequent in the deciduous molars than in the permanent first molar, when tested by x2 test. On the other hand, the traits nos. 1, 2, 3 and 6 which located on the mesial and distal marginal ridge did not show significant difference between both molars. This suggested that there might have been differences of phylogenetical origins between traits on the marginal ridge and those in the occlusal table and/or on buccal and lingual surfaces.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"303-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pelvic Pregnancy Imprint Incidence Variation among Jomon Japanese and Its Potential Implication to Demographic Profiles","authors":"Y. Igarashi","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.321","url":null,"abstract":"腸骨の耳状面前下部に認あられる「妊娠痕」の出現状況を,いくっかの縄文遺跡の間で比較した。北海道では,観察した全ての女性人骨が妊娠痕を持ち,同時に,強い妊娠痕を持っ個体の割合が他のどの遺跡集団(三貫地,吉胡,伊川津,津雲)より高く,したがって,平均妊娠回数が他より高かったと考えられる。各遺跡集団の生存曲線の分析から,北海道では,早年死亡率が他より著しく高く,したがって,他より多産である必要があったことがわかった。結論として,縄文時代には,北海道のように出産率と早年死亡率がともに高い地域集団と,三貫地,吉胡,伊川津,津雲のように,両者とも低い地域集団があったことがわかった。","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"321-329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Human Skeletal Remains of the Yayoi Period from the Iwatsubo Cave Site in Gunma Prefecture, Kanto District","authors":"Y. Kaifu","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.449","url":null,"abstract":"群馬県,岩津保洞窟遺跡出土の弥生時代中期前半に属する人骨群について,観察及び計測を行い,同時に縄文人,北部九州弥生人,古墳人,現代和人との比較分析を行なった。本人骨群は,関東地方内陸部出土の保存良好な弥生時代人骨としては初めてのものである。比較的完全な熟年女性2体には,頭骨及び体肢骨に縄文人的特徴が強く認められ,両個体とも縄文時代人の直接の子孫であると考えられる。しかし一方で,両個体とも推定身長が高く,かつ四肢骨が太いという点において,比較に用いた縄文人とは多少異なるようである。","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"449-483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, during a restudy of the fragmentary bone material of the Wadjak site two microliths were discovered. A description of these artefacts is given. A discussion is presented in the light of other Holocene prehistoric sites from Java, a supposed linkage between Wadjak Man and the Pacitanian, the fauna and suggestions about the age of the Wadjak site. These new finds fit with the view of Wadjak Man as Modern Man ("Proto Javanese"), found in association with the subrecent fauna from Java.
{"title":"Two Microliths from Javanese Wadjak Man","authors":"P. Storm","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.191","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, during a restudy of the fragmentary bone material of the Wadjak site two microliths were discovered. A description of these artefacts is given. A discussion is presented in the light of other Holocene prehistoric sites from Java, a supposed linkage between Wadjak Man and the Pacitanian, the fauna and suggestions about the age of the Wadjak site. These new finds fit with the view of Wadjak Man as Modern Man (\"Proto Javanese\"), found in association with the subrecent fauna from Java.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"191-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metric and nonmetric dental variation was studied for several samples from Polynesia and Southeast Asia. Within the Polynesian samples, the Tonga sample aligns with a sample from Marquesas. A few Hawaiian samples form a relatively tight cluster. The sample from the Society Islands shows a dispersed arrangement. Extending the comparisons to include the Polynesian and Southeast Asian samples affirms the existence of a relatively homogeneous Polynesian dental morphological pattern. Among the Polynesian samples, Tonga shows the closest affinity to the early Thailand sample. This finding supports the orthodox view for the initial settlement of ancestral Polynesians in Tonga and Samoa from somewhere in Southeast Asia. Moreover, the metric dental affinity of Marquesans with Tongans is compatible with the hypothesis that the Marquesas Islands may have been initially colonized in eastern Polynesia.
{"title":"Dental Variation of the Polynesian Populations.","authors":"T. Hanihara","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.291","url":null,"abstract":"Metric and nonmetric dental variation was studied for several samples from Polynesia and Southeast Asia. Within the Polynesian samples, the Tonga sample aligns with a sample from Marquesas. A few Hawaiian samples form a relatively tight cluster. The sample from the Society Islands shows a dispersed arrangement. Extending the comparisons to include the Polynesian and Southeast Asian samples affirms the existence of a relatively homogeneous Polynesian dental morphological pattern. Among the Polynesian samples, Tonga shows the closest affinity to the early Thailand sample. This finding supports the orthodox view for the initial settlement of ancestral Polynesians in Tonga and Samoa from somewhere in Southeast Asia. Moreover, the metric dental affinity of Marquesans with Tongans is compatible with the hypothesis that the Marquesas Islands may have been initially colonized in eastern Polynesia.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"291-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study focused on studying the morphological similarities of 27 Chinese minority nations' youths aged 18 by using PCA-Q mode cluster analysis. Six measurements of body size, two indices of body shape and four indices of growth tempo (which were estimated from cross-sectional data of 69, 389 subjects aged 7 through 18 by using proportional interpolation method) were used as variables. The values of these variables were normalized into principal component scores, and clustering was done among 27 nations according to the distances determined by their component scores (centroid method). Both for boys and girls, there were seven clusters fused at about 0.2 similarity level. The clusters thus formed not only described the significant differences among themselves but also showed closed associations between the geographic, ecologic and socio-economic differences and youth's growth status. The consistency of clustering tendency between children aged 7 (JI and OHSAWA, 1991) and youths aged 18 of these minority nations was also verified.
本研究采用PCA-Q聚类分析方法对27个中国少数民族18岁青年的形态相似性进行了研究。采用比例插值法从69,389名7 ~ 18岁被试的横断面数据中估算出6项体型指标、2项体型指标和4项生长速度指标作为变量。将这些变量的值归一化为主成分得分，并根据其成分得分确定的距离(质心法)在27个国家之间进行聚类。无论是男孩还是女孩，都有7个相似度约为0.2的聚类。由此形成的集群不仅描述了它们之间的显著差异，而且显示了地理、生态和社会经济差异与青年成长状况之间的密切联系。这些少数民族的7岁儿童(JI and OHSAWA, 1991)与18岁青少年聚类趋势的一致性也得到了验证。
{"title":"Different Growth Status of Youths Aged 18 from 27 Chinese Minority Nations","authors":"C. Ji, S. Ohsawa","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.31","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on studying the morphological similarities of 27 Chinese minority nations' youths aged 18 by using PCA-Q mode cluster analysis. Six measurements of body size, two indices of body shape and four indices of growth tempo (which were estimated from cross-sectional data of 69, 389 subjects aged 7 through 18 by using proportional interpolation method) were used as variables. The values of these variables were normalized into principal component scores, and clustering was done among 27 nations according to the distances determined by their component scores (centroid method). Both for boys and girls, there were seven clusters fused at about 0.2 similarity level. The clusters thus formed not only described the significant differences among themselves but also showed closed associations between the geographic, ecologic and socio-economic differences and youth's growth status. The consistency of clustering tendency between children aged 7 (JI and OHSAWA, 1991) and youths aged 18 of these minority nations was also verified.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"31-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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