{"title":"A simulation model for migrations and dispersals of prehistoric human populations.","authors":"T Ohba, M Masaki, R Ohtsuka","doi":"10.1537/ase1911.98.513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.98.513","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"98 4","pages":"513-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22038261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ex-hunters as Inventors of Agriculture","authors":"Hitoshi Watanabe","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.98.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.98.157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"98 1","pages":"157-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67045827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interobserver Error in Scoring Nonmetric Cranial Traits Hajime ISHIDA and Yukio DODO","authors":"H. Ishida, Y. Dodo","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.98.403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.98.403","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"98 1","pages":"403-409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67046497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Functional Significance of the Morphology of Lateral Hamstring Muscle of Japanese Macaque","authors":"H. Kumakura","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.97.513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.97.513","url":null,"abstract":"複雑な起始-付着関係を持つニホンザル大腿二頭筋の形態の機能的意義を考察するため,13体の右側当該筋の形態計測値をもとにしてテコ比を算出し,筋の各区分別の機能を推定した結果,大腿付着部及びこれに連続する膝関節包付着部の拡張の程度はテコ比の変動にあまり影響せず,その意義は筋束数の増加に伴う筋力の向上にあると考えた。一方下腿付着部では,付着高が遠位に移行することによる股関節に対するテコ比の変動は小さいが,膝関節のテコ比が大きく変動することから,ニホンザルにみられる広い下腿付着部は股関節伸展による推進力の獲得に寄与するよりも,四足ロコモーションにおける下腿の位置調節に関与すると考えられた。","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"97 1","pages":"513-527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67045065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mesiodistal and buccolingual crown measurements were taken from the permanent tooth remains of the five Middle to Latest Jomon population samples from the Hokkaido, Tohoku, Kanto, Tokai and San'yo districts of Japan. The metrical data were compared with each other through multivariate statistical methods. The analysis of variance for these crown measurements suggested that most of the variables showing significant geographical difference were buccolingual diameters. The distance analysis based on the crown measurements revealed that the Hokkaido Jomon was isolated from the Jomon in Honshu, the main island of Japan. The Honshu Jomon groups were closely related to each other, although the male Tohoku Jomon was slightly closer to the Hokkaido Jomon. The principal factor analysis revealed that the overall dental proportion of the Hokkaido Jomon was different from those of the Honshu Jomon groups, and the Tohoku Jomon carried the smallest overall tooth size among the five Jomon population samples compared. From the comparisons with recent groups, it was indicated that 1)the diversity in dental morphology between the Hokkaido and Honshu Jomon was smaller than that between the recent Kanto Japanese and the Jomon as a whole; 2) the dentition of the Jomon population was characterized by relatively small canines, premolars and second molars as compared with thefirst molars; 3) these dental characteristics could also be seen in the dentition of the Ainu. These facts suggested a close affinity between the Ainu andJomon in the posterior tooth characteristics. However, with regard to the anterior teeth, both the relative and absolute dimensions of the incisors werelarger in the Jomon than in the Ainu. Thus, the size reduction of the incisors may have proceeded from the prehistoric Jomon to the recent Ainu.
{"title":"Geographical Variation of Dental Measurements in the Jomon Population","authors":"H. Matsumura","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.97.493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.97.493","url":null,"abstract":"Mesiodistal and buccolingual crown measurements were taken from the permanent tooth remains of the five Middle to Latest Jomon population samples from the Hokkaido, Tohoku, Kanto, Tokai and San'yo districts of Japan. The metrical data were compared with each other through multivariate statistical methods. The analysis of variance for these crown measurements suggested that most of the variables showing significant geographical difference were buccolingual diameters. The distance analysis based on the crown measurements revealed that the Hokkaido Jomon was isolated from the Jomon in Honshu, the main island of Japan. The Honshu Jomon groups were closely related to each other, although the male Tohoku Jomon was slightly closer to the Hokkaido Jomon. The principal factor analysis revealed that the overall dental proportion of the Hokkaido Jomon was different from those of the Honshu Jomon groups, and the Tohoku Jomon carried the smallest overall tooth size among the five Jomon population samples compared. From the comparisons with recent groups, it was indicated that 1)the diversity in dental morphology between the Hokkaido and Honshu Jomon was smaller than that between the recent Kanto Japanese and the Jomon as a whole; 2) the dentition of the Jomon population was characterized by relatively small canines, premolars and second molars as compared with thefirst molars; 3) these dental characteristics could also be seen in the dentition of the Ainu. These facts suggested a close affinity between the Ainu andJomon in the posterior tooth characteristics. However, with regard to the anterior teeth, both the relative and absolute dimensions of the incisors werelarger in the Jomon than in the Ainu. Thus, the size reduction of the incisors may have proceeded from the prehistoric Jomon to the recent Ainu.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"97 1","pages":"493-512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67045530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the horizontal profile of facial skeletons from the Himrin Basin, Iraq. The horizontal profiles both of the face and anterior face were evaluated using a total of 22 width and depth measurements.Ninety-five skulls which included dolichocranic (Mediterranean) and brachycranic (Alpine) racial types were utilized. Uni- and multivariate analyses were applied to estimate racial and sexual variations both in the faces and anterior faces, to confirm racial type based on the morphology of the face, to evaluate population characteristics, and to ascertain the racial positions of the two racial types in the world.Employing multivariate analyses, horizontal profiles of the maxillary region of the face could be used to discriminate between the two racial types in males, while a horizontal profile of the maxillary region of the anterior face could be used for females. Sexual variations within racial types were determined by size differences both in the overall regions of the face and in the frontal region of the anterior face.By applying univariate analyses, the racial type in males could be determined by size differences in the width of the postero-basal region of the face, namely, the cranial base. The racial type in females could be determined by size differences both in the depth of the maxillary region of the anteriorface and in the width of the cranial base.Employing multivariate analyses, comparative studies clearly indicated that the two racial types from the Himrin Basin were members of the Caucasoid race.
{"title":"Horizontal Profile of Facial Skeletons from the Himrin Basin, Iraq","authors":"Y. Wada","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.97.433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.97.433","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the horizontal profile of facial skeletons from the Himrin Basin, Iraq. The horizontal profiles both of the face and anterior face were evaluated using a total of 22 width and depth measurements.Ninety-five skulls which included dolichocranic (Mediterranean) and brachycranic (Alpine) racial types were utilized. Uni- and multivariate analyses were applied to estimate racial and sexual variations both in the faces and anterior faces, to confirm racial type based on the morphology of the face, to evaluate population characteristics, and to ascertain the racial positions of the two racial types in the world.Employing multivariate analyses, horizontal profiles of the maxillary region of the face could be used to discriminate between the two racial types in males, while a horizontal profile of the maxillary region of the anterior face could be used for females. Sexual variations within racial types were determined by size differences both in the overall regions of the face and in the frontal region of the anterior face.By applying univariate analyses, the racial type in males could be determined by size differences in the width of the postero-basal region of the face, namely, the cranial base. The racial type in females could be determined by size differences both in the depth of the maxillary region of the anteriorface and in the width of the cranial base.Employing multivariate analyses, comparative studies clearly indicated that the two racial types from the Himrin Basin were members of the Caucasoid race.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"97 1","pages":"433-455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67045344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enamel hypoplasia is a reduction in enamel thickness caused by a variety of nutritional deficiencies or systemic diseases which occur during tooth formation. Enamel hypoplasia in the deciduous teeth is considered as a valuable indicator of stress. Its frequency, time of occurrence, and association with cribra orbitalia were examined on 62 immature skulls from the Hitotsubashi Metropolitan High School Site (ca. 17th century), Tokyo, Japan. Of 42 observed individuals, 7 (16.7%) had enamel hypoplasia in the deciduous teeth. Most of the enamel hypoplasia detected occurred postnatally, few occurring prenatally and perinatally. The highest frequency was found on the deciduous maxillary central incisors (21.1%). These results suggest that people in Edo City lived under highly stressful environment.
{"title":"Enamel Hypoplasia in the Deciduous Teeth of Edo Japanese","authors":"Miyoko Yamamoto","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.97.475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.97.475","url":null,"abstract":"Enamel hypoplasia is a reduction in enamel thickness caused by a variety of nutritional deficiencies or systemic diseases which occur during tooth formation. Enamel hypoplasia in the deciduous teeth is considered as a valuable indicator of stress. Its frequency, time of occurrence, and association with cribra orbitalia were examined on 62 immature skulls from the Hitotsubashi Metropolitan High School Site (ca. 17th century), Tokyo, Japan. Of 42 observed individuals, 7 (16.7%) had enamel hypoplasia in the deciduous teeth. Most of the enamel hypoplasia detected occurred postnatally, few occurring prenatally and perinatally. The highest frequency was found on the deciduous maxillary central incisors (21.1%). These results suggest that people in Edo City lived under highly stressful environment.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"97 1","pages":"475-482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67045455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phylogenetic relationship of human mitochondrial DNA types were analyzed for 885 individuals from 15 different populations by surveying published data. All the individuals were classified into 57 mitochondrial DNA types by combining the digestion patterns (morphs) of four restriction enzymes (Avail, BamHI, HpaI, and Mspl). The phylogenetic relationship of these mtDNA types were reconstructed by applying the maximum parsimony method. Genetic distances between populations were computed and the phylogenetic tree of populations were reconstructed by using UPGMA. Most of the Mongoloid populations including Japanese, Ainu, Korean, and Amerindian were closely related, and the genetic affinity between these Mongoloid populations and the Caucasoid populations were relatively high, compared to the African populations.
{"title":"A Phylogenetic Analysis of Human Mitochondrial DNA Data","authors":"S. Harihara, N. Saitou","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.97.483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.97.483","url":null,"abstract":"Phylogenetic relationship of human mitochondrial DNA types were analyzed for 885 individuals from 15 different populations by surveying published data. All the individuals were classified into 57 mitochondrial DNA types by combining the digestion patterns (morphs) of four restriction enzymes (Avail, BamHI, HpaI, and Mspl). The phylogenetic relationship of these mtDNA types were reconstructed by applying the maximum parsimony method. Genetic distances between populations were computed and the phylogenetic tree of populations were reconstructed by using UPGMA. Most of the Mongoloid populations including Japanese, Ainu, Korean, and Amerindian were closely related, and the genetic affinity between these Mongoloid populations and the Caucasoid populations were relatively high, compared to the African populations.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"97 1","pages":"483-492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67045484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiroko Takabu, Yoko Matsuyama, S. Kondo, S. Yanagisawa
The physical growth patterns of contemporary Japanese were analyzed using cross-sectional data of 5 heights and lengths, 6 circumferences, 2 skinfolds and body weight of 8, 679 males and 8, 889 females aged 7 to 20 years. Measurements were made in 1978-'79. Lower to upper portion growth gradient and head-trunk gradient were observed. The annual increment for heights and lengths reached the maximum at 12 or 13 years in males and 10 or 11 years in females, about one year later for circumferences, and two years later for skinfolds. As compared with the data obtained in 1966-'67, the adolescent growth spurt took place earlier, and the average age at menarche was 5 months younger in the present sample. During the period from 1966-'67 to 1978-'79, the values of heights, lengths and waist circumferences increased, but that of chest circumferences decreased or remained constant. The growth acceleration trends of Japanese were different from those of Americans.
{"title":"Growth Characteristics of Contemporary Japanese","authors":"Hiroko Takabu, Yoko Matsuyama, S. Kondo, S. Yanagisawa","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.97.457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.97.457","url":null,"abstract":"The physical growth patterns of contemporary Japanese were analyzed using cross-sectional data of 5 heights and lengths, 6 circumferences, 2 skinfolds and body weight of 8, 679 males and 8, 889 females aged 7 to 20 years. Measurements were made in 1978-'79. Lower to upper portion growth gradient and head-trunk gradient were observed. The annual increment for heights and lengths reached the maximum at 12 or 13 years in males and 10 or 11 years in females, about one year later for circumferences, and two years later for skinfolds. As compared with the data obtained in 1966-'67, the adolescent growth spurt took place earlier, and the average age at menarche was 5 months younger in the present sample. During the period from 1966-'67 to 1978-'79, the values of heights, lengths and waist circumferences increased, but that of chest circumferences decreased or remained constant. The growth acceleration trends of Japanese were different from those of Americans.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"97 1","pages":"457-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67045399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Analysis of Variations in Japanese Foot Shapes","authors":"M. Kouchi","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.97.373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.97.373","url":null,"abstract":"足部形状の個人差を明らかにするため,男女各152名について計測された右足の生体計測項目21項目の主成分分析を行なった。この結果抽出された形の因子を代表するような示数を考案し,これを用いてクラスター分析を行い,足型の分類を試みた。この結果,男女とも1)足軸の位置,2)ボール部の足軸に対する傾き,3)ボール部の幅,4)甲の高さ,の4つの形の因子が抽出された。クラスター分析の結果,男女とも4人以上から成るクラスターが7つできた。人数が最も多いクラスターを標準型とすると,標準型に入るのは男子で42%,女子では35%である。また,女子は男子よりも個人差が大きいようであり,男子では足の幅が広いタイプ(31%)が,女子では甲の高いタイプ(37%)がかなり多い。現代日本人の足部形状の個人差は,履物による足の変形の影響をふくんだものなので,履物の影響を受けない状態ではどのような個人差があるのかを明らかにするためには,靴を履かない集団の調査が必要である。","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"97 1","pages":"373-388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1537/ASE1911.97.373","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67045316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：