A survey made in the centres of "Protection Maternelle et Infantile" in Paris has given successive anthropometric measurements, from the birth to 66 months, of 400 Chinese children who live in France. Body measurements of Chinese children born in Paris are slightly above those of Chinese children born in China. This is likely due to the improvements of living conditions, feeding and exogamy. There is a slight difference between the body measurements from girls and from boys. This sexual difference is statistically significant by t-test from one month-age.
{"title":"The Growth of 400 Chinese Children Born in Paris","authors":"F. Rovillé-Sausse","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.341","url":null,"abstract":"A survey made in the centres of \"Protection Maternelle et Infantile\" in Paris has given successive anthropometric measurements, from the birth to 66 months, of 400 Chinese children who live in France. Body measurements of Chinese children born in Paris are slightly above those of Chinese children born in China. This is likely due to the improvements of living conditions, feeding and exogamy. There is a slight difference between the body measurements from girls and from boys. This sexual difference is statistically significant by t-test from one month-age.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"341-348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Persistent problems involving the clavicle include the reason for its reduction in many mammals, its function in hominids, the last ossification, and so on. In this paper these problems are considered from the point of views of comparative and functional morphology. The clavicle is an element of the dermal shoulder girdle that is in the process of reduction through tetrapod evolution. The reason why the clavicle disappeared or was reduced in cursorial mammals is probably that it disturbed the reciprocal movement of the scapula. The human clavicle works also as a supporter of the forelimb. The characteristic double-curved form of the clavicle may be related to its function. The sternal epiphysis of the clavicle fuses last among the long bones of the human skeleton, in spite of the first ossification of the clavicular body. The delay of determination of the clavicular length should be convenient to slight adjustment for retaining dynamic stability in human bipedal walking.
{"title":"Evolution of the Shoulder Girdle with Special Reference to the Problems of the Clavicle","authors":"N. Inuzuka","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.391","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent problems involving the clavicle include the reason for its reduction in many mammals, its function in hominids, the last ossification, and so on. In this paper these problems are considered from the point of views of comparative and functional morphology. The clavicle is an element of the dermal shoulder girdle that is in the process of reduction through tetrapod evolution. The reason why the clavicle disappeared or was reduced in cursorial mammals is probably that it disturbed the reciprocal movement of the scapula. The human clavicle works also as a supporter of the forelimb. The characteristic double-curved form of the clavicle may be related to its function. The sternal epiphysis of the clavicle fuses last among the long bones of the human skeleton, in spite of the first ossification of the clavicular body. The delay of determination of the clavicular length should be convenient to slight adjustment for retaining dynamic stability in human bipedal walking.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"391-404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Incidences of 22 nonmetric cranial traits were compared through uni-and multi-variate procedures between seven cranial series from the central islands of Japan covering the past 4, 000 years of Japanese population history. The results indicated that there is a clear difference in the incidence of nonmetric traits between the native Jomon and the immigrant Yayoi, but thereafter, the incidence has remained stable over the 2, 000 years from the Yayoi period to the present time. Taken these together, it is inferred that the northern Kyushu Yayoi of continental lineage must be one of the lineal forerunners of the modern Japanese of the central islands of Japan.
{"title":"Consistency of Nonmetric Cranial. Trait Expression during the Last 2, 000 Years in the Habitants of the Central Islands of Japan","authors":"Y. Dodo, H. Ishida","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.417","url":null,"abstract":"Incidences of 22 nonmetric cranial traits were compared through uni-and multi-variate procedures between seven cranial series from the central islands of Japan covering the past 4, 000 years of Japanese population history. The results indicated that there is a clear difference in the incidence of nonmetric traits between the native Jomon and the immigrant Yayoi, but thereafter, the incidence has remained stable over the 2, 000 years from the Yayoi period to the present time. Taken these together, it is inferred that the northern Kyushu Yayoi of continental lineage must be one of the lineal forerunners of the modern Japanese of the central islands of Japan.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"417-423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interrelationship of the Age at Peak Velocity between Height, Chest Girth and Weight Growth in Japanese","authors":"Sumiyo Kato, N. Yamaguchi, K. Ashizawa, H. Hoshi","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.433","url":null,"abstract":"1961年から1969年の間に生まれた東京都の男子358人,女子400人の身長•胸囲•体重の12年間の個人追跡資料から最大の成長速度を示す年齢(PV年齢)を算出した。女子については初潮年齢を加えて,遅速関係を明らかにするために,それらの間の年齢差を1年間隔の数群に分類し,各群の出現率を求め,これによって成長の個性を検討した。その結果,男子では長さの成長(身長)と重さの成長(体重)とが並行して進行しているのに対し,太さの成長(胸囲)がやや異なった進み方をしているが,女子では重さ(体重)と太さ(胸囲)の成長はよく並行しているのに対し,長さの成長(身長)はこれらとは少し異なって進行する傾向があった。","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"433-447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Nishinakagawa, Mitsuharu Matsumotoi, Junichi Otsukai, S. Kawaguchi
Dog bones excavated from 11 Jomon and 2 Yayoi sites in Kagoshima Prefecture were investigated morphologically and osteometrically. The late and final Jomon sites (3, 500-2, 500 BP) were shell mounds at Izumi, Euchi, Ichiki, Muginoura, Kusano, Ushuku, Omonawa I, and Inutabu, cave sites at Katano and Kurokawa, and a site at Uwaigusuku. The early Yayoi sites (2, 300-2, 000 BP) were the Takahashi shell mound and a cave site at Atake. The total excavated pieces of bone numbered 373;102 from the Inutabu shell mound, 83 from the Kusano shell mound, 82 from the Euchi shell mound, and the rest from the other sites. Most pieces were from adult dogs, but some from Euchi, Ichiki, and Kusano shell mounds were from young dogs.The morphological characters of the bones, as large as those of today's Shiba dog, were nearly similar at each site. The estimated withers height from the intact bone lengths was 35-43cm, showing that the dogs belonged to HASEBE's small-sized dog group.It is suggested that in the late Jomon period, small dogs were already being kept by people throughout the entire area of Kagoshima, although a buried sample has not yet been found.
{"title":"Skeletal Remains of Domestic Dogs from Jomon and Yayoi Sites in Kagoshima Prefecture","authors":"H. Nishinakagawa, Mitsuharu Matsumotoi, Junichi Otsukai, S. Kawaguchi","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.485","url":null,"abstract":"Dog bones excavated from 11 Jomon and 2 Yayoi sites in Kagoshima Prefecture were investigated morphologically and osteometrically. The late and final Jomon sites (3, 500-2, 500 BP) were shell mounds at Izumi, Euchi, Ichiki, Muginoura, Kusano, Ushuku, Omonawa I, and Inutabu, cave sites at Katano and Kurokawa, and a site at Uwaigusuku. The early Yayoi sites (2, 300-2, 000 BP) were the Takahashi shell mound and a cave site at Atake. The total excavated pieces of bone numbered 373;102 from the Inutabu shell mound, 83 from the Kusano shell mound, 82 from the Euchi shell mound, and the rest from the other sites. Most pieces were from adult dogs, but some from Euchi, Ichiki, and Kusano shell mounds were from young dogs.The morphological characters of the bones, as large as those of today's Shiba dog, were nearly similar at each site. The estimated withers height from the intact bone lengths was 35-43cm, showing that the dogs belonged to HASEBE's small-sized dog group.It is suggested that in the late Jomon period, small dogs were already being kept by people throughout the entire area of Kagoshima, although a buried sample has not yet been found.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"485-498"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Differences of Measurement Values between the Right and Left Feet in Japanese Adults","authors":"F. Kikuta, S. Kondo, Akira Otsuka, Shuichi Takahashi","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.511","url":null,"abstract":"日本人成人の男子149名,女子178名について,足部および下腿部の26計測項目の計測を行い,左右足の差の検討を行なった。本論文では,各計測項目の左右差だけでなく,靴を選択するときに重要な足長,足囲ボール,足幅などの組み合せにおける足の左右差を重視した。左右差データに「入れ子式」分散分析法を適用することにより,見かけの左右差に含まれる計測誤差の割合を計算し,左右差があると認める境界値を設定した。その結果,足長については,左右足ともに等しい者の割合は男子で約17%,女子で約74%,足幅では男女ともに約53%,足囲ボールでは男女ともに約45%であった。また,足長,足囲ボール,足幅の組合せにおける左右差パターンをみると,男子では足長が左>右で足幅と足囲ボールの左右が等しい者が全体の約15%で最も多く,一方,女子ではこれら3項目ともに左右足が等しいパターンが最も多く,全体の約17%を占めていた。","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"511-525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Allometry of the Foot and the Shoe Last","authors":"M. Kouchi, N. Yamazaki","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.101","url":null,"abstract":"足の大きさに伴うプロポーションの変化を明らかにし,靴型のサイズ展開における靴型各部の変化量が適正であるか否かを評価するために,日本人成人男子528名,女子500名の右足の測定データのアロメトリー分析および市販靴24種の靴型形状との比較を行なった。足長の変化に伴い,幅径,高径,周長項目は一般に劣成長を,長径項目は等成長を示すため,足長が大きいほど足は相対的に細身となる。また,足長が一定の場合,足囲の変化に伴って外果端高以外の高径項目および女子の足幅が等成長を示し,幅径と周長項目は劣成長を示す。踵部の幅はボール部の幅ほど急速に増加しないため,足囲が大きいほど足が相対的に前広がりになる。サイズ展開における靴型の変化は,大きさの変化に伴うこのような足の形状変化と一致しない部分が多い。さらに,足と靴との適合性を向上させるうえでの問題点を,足の寸法•形状の時代変化およびサイズ展開技術の観点から検討した。","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"101-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1537/ASE1911.100.101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of the Human Brain and Braincase","authors":"S. Nakakuki","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.125","url":null,"abstract":"ヒトの頭部は解剖学的に脳頭蓋部と眼窩•顎頭蓋部(HOFER, 1956)に分けられる。後者は人類進化の過程を通じて次第に退化•縮小し,前者は大きくなった。これらの現象はヒトの直立二足歩行と関係があると考えられているが,その分析は十分なされていない。そこで著者はヒトの頭部の血管分布と四足性哺乳動物の頭部の血管分布を比較し,さらに図5のような管系を作り簡単な実験を行なった。その結果,頭部の血管分布と脳および脳頭蓋部の発達と眼窩•顎頭蓋部の退化の間には密接な関係があり,眼窩•顎頭蓋部が退化してそこに送られる血液量が減少すると脳および脳頭蓋部に送られる血液量が増加するような血管分岐になっていることが明らかになった。これは脳および脳頭蓋部の発達にとって合目的的である。また直立二足歩行は,脳および脳頭蓋部の発達を促進したと考えられる。","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"125-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fish Otoliths as Indicator of Cod Fishing Seasonality in a Jomon Shell Midden (Usu-lO Site)","authors":"K. Uzawa","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.331","url":null,"abstract":"北海道有珠10遺跡の縄文時代晩期の堆積層から出土したマダラ耳石を資料としてその漁期を推定した。遺跡出土の耳石を材料とする考古学的研究はわが国では初めての試みである。遺跡出土のマダラ耳石の大きさからその個体の体長および年齢を推定し,各年齢群の習性,生態にもとついて漁期を検討した。その結果,有珠10遺跡で漁獲されたマダラは3歳以上に相当する可能性が高く,この年齢群の生活史から,当遺跡におけるマダラ漁は産卵のため接岸する冬期に行われていたと推定された。","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"331-339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morphological patterns of similarity and difference derived from an assessment of metric and non-metric dental characters in a series of Jomonese and their lineage in Japan, Southeast Asians, Micronesians, and Polynesians were presented. Despite the marked difference of phenotypic features, the dentitions of Negritos, Dajaks, and Filipinos show close resemblance to each other. The original dental traits of Southeast Asians may have occurred by the result of convergent microevolution under the similar environmental condition such as tropical rain-forest. Diachronic comparison of Southeast Asian dental samples supports the local evolution hypothesis for modern Southeast Asian dental characters. Dental traits of Micronesians and Polynesians are more like those of Southeast Asians than those of Jomonese and their lineage. The present findings do not favor the Neolithic Jomonese as the most likely source for the present people in Micronesia and Polynesia. Jomonese may be linked with the Pacific populations through the common gene pool derived from somewhere in Southeast Asia.
{"title":"Biological Relationships among Southeast Asians, Jomonese, and the Pacific Populations as Viewed from Dental Characters: The Basic Populations in East Asia, X","authors":"T. Hanihara","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.100.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.100.53","url":null,"abstract":"Morphological patterns of similarity and difference derived from an assessment of metric and non-metric dental characters in a series of Jomonese and their lineage in Japan, Southeast Asians, Micronesians, and Polynesians were presented. Despite the marked difference of phenotypic features, the dentitions of Negritos, Dajaks, and Filipinos show close resemblance to each other. The original dental traits of Southeast Asians may have occurred by the result of convergent microevolution under the similar environmental condition such as tropical rain-forest. Diachronic comparison of Southeast Asian dental samples supports the local evolution hypothesis for modern Southeast Asian dental characters. Dental traits of Micronesians and Polynesians are more like those of Southeast Asians than those of Jomonese and their lineage. The present findings do not favor the Neolithic Jomonese as the most likely source for the present people in Micronesia and Polynesia. Jomonese may be linked with the Pacific populations through the common gene pool derived from somewhere in Southeast Asia.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"100 1","pages":"53-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67030549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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