The intra- and inter-specific variations in dental characters of three forms of Callicebus were studied: C. torquatus, C. moloch and C. personatus. Although the range of variations overlapped extensively in some traits, their frequencies or degree of development were consistently different among them. Thus, the species-level identification among Callicebus may be safely done.Furthermore, an evolutionary trend of Callicebus was suggested based on the dental morphologies. The trend seems to be represented from the torquatus-type molar to the personatus-type one through the moloch-type's as the succession of morphology. This evolutionary trend was also supported with the result of morphological comparisons between the living Callicebus and the fossil Cebidae monkeys from the middle Miocene.
{"title":"A Morphological Study of Upper First and Second Molars in the Genus Callicebus","authors":"Shuji Kobayashi","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.98.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.98.121","url":null,"abstract":"The intra- and inter-specific variations in dental characters of three forms of Callicebus were studied: C. torquatus, C. moloch and C. personatus. Although the range of variations overlapped extensively in some traits, their frequencies or degree of development were consistently different among them. Thus, the species-level identification among Callicebus may be safely done.Furthermore, an evolutionary trend of Callicebus was suggested based on the dental morphologies. The trend seems to be represented from the torquatus-type molar to the personatus-type one through the moloch-type's as the succession of morphology. This evolutionary trend was also supported with the result of morphological comparisons between the living Callicebus and the fossil Cebidae monkeys from the middle Miocene.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"98 1","pages":"121-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1537/ASE1911.98.121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67045651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metric and nonmetric characteristics of seven cranial series of recent and prehistoric populations from the Amur basin and Sakhalin were investigated. The Amur groups which Soviet anthropologists have defined as the Baikal type resemble one another. The Nivkh does not have its own peculiar physical characteristics in terms of cranial morphology. Metric analysis showed that the Troitskoe is separated from the recent Amur groups. Metric and nonmetric analyses revealed that the Sakhalin Ainu is isolated from other Mongoloid groups, as already mentioned by many researchers.
{"title":"Cranial Morphology of Several Ethnic Groups from the Amur Basin and Sakhalin","authors":"H. Ishida","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.98.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.98.137","url":null,"abstract":"Metric and nonmetric characteristics of seven cranial series of recent and prehistoric populations from the Amur basin and Sakhalin were investigated. The Amur groups which Soviet anthropologists have defined as the Baikal type resemble one another. The Nivkh does not have its own peculiar physical characteristics in terms of cranial morphology. Metric analysis showed that the Troitskoe is separated from the recent Amur groups. Metric and nonmetric analyses revealed that the Sakhalin Ainu is isolated from other Mongoloid groups, as already mentioned by many researchers.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"98 1","pages":"137-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67045720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ritual Tooth-Ablation in Doigahama Yayoi People","authors":"T. Nakahashi","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.98.483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.98.483","url":null,"abstract":"土井ケ浜弥生人にみる風習的抜歯の系統問題について,第1-11次調査出土の全資料の観察結果に基づき検討した。抜歯の有無の判定可能な107体(男53体,女48体,不明6体)のうち,81体(75.7%)に風習的抜歯と思われる歯槽閉鎖が認められた。ただ,女性では87.5%の高頻度であるのに対し,男性は64.2%と低く,明確な男女差が見られた。抜歯の主対象は犬歯で,77.8%(63/81体)の個体でいずれかの犬歯が抜去され,同時に,上顎側切歯もそれに次ぐ頻度(56%)で抜かれていた。また,ほとんどの抜歯は上顎に偏り,下顎歯の抜去は少数例(17%)でのみ観察された。以上の特徴に関して他集団と比較した結果,とくに上顎側切歯や下顎歯の抜去頻度において,縄文晩期集団や西北九州弥生人と当集団の間に大きな差異が認められ,こうした結果から,土井ケ浜弥生人の抜歯については,縄文からの伝統をそのまま踏襲したものとする認識は不適当で,何等かの外来要素による影響を想定しても不自然ではないとの結論を得た。","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"98 1","pages":"483-507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67046135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rare properdin factor B variant type (BF SO45) was first detected in the Japanese population using high voltage agarose gel electrophoresis and immunofixation. The propositus was a 75-year-old man living in Yamanashi Prefecture. The family study confirmed the genetic transmission of the BF*SO45 allele. BF*SO45 is the fifth rare BF variant allele found in Japanese.
{"title":"The properdin factor B variant(BF S045)first detected in the Japanese population.","authors":"A. Kido, N. Komatsu, Y. Kimura, M. Oya","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.98.509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.98.509","url":null,"abstract":"The rare properdin factor B variant type (BF SO45) was first detected in the Japanese population using high voltage agarose gel electrophoresis and immunofixation. The propositus was a 75-year-old man living in Yamanashi Prefecture. The family study confirmed the genetic transmission of the BF*SO45 allele. BF*SO45 is the fifth rare BF variant allele found in Japanese.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"98 1","pages":"509-511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67046185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is concerned with the problem of the origin and the racial affiliation of recent Sakhalin Ainu, rather than with the well-known uniqueness of the cranial morphology of this population. In this study, odontometric and morphological observations were performed on the dentition of Sakhalin Ainu.The overall tooth size of Sakhalin Ainu is quite small. In this respect, Sakhalin Ainu shares the similar characteristics with those of Hokkaido Ainu, the Neolithic Jomon population, some geographically isolated Japanese, and Negritos. As regards the shape factor of the dental measurements, on the other hand, Sakhalin Ainu shows the close affiliation to the typical Mongoloid populations such as Aleuts, Karluk (Alaska Eskimos), Chinese from the northern area of China and modern main island Japanese. Distance analysis based on the several non-metric crown features displays the intimate association of Sakhalin Ainu with Negritos and the populations who may have been derived directly from Southeast Asian Proto-Mongoloid population.Taking these results into account, we cannot ignore some genetic influence of Northeast Asian populations on the physical characteristics of Sakhalin Ainu. However, the origin of this population may have been traced back to the Southeast Asian Proto-Mongoloid population. The dental evidence shown in this study may contribute to the establishment of biological relationships among Sakhalin Ainu and the neighboring populations.
{"title":"Studies on the Affinities of Sakhalin Ainu Based on Dental Characters: The Basic Populations in East Asia, III","authors":"T. Hanihara","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.98.425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.98.425","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is concerned with the problem of the origin and the racial affiliation of recent Sakhalin Ainu, rather than with the well-known uniqueness of the cranial morphology of this population. In this study, odontometric and morphological observations were performed on the dentition of Sakhalin Ainu.The overall tooth size of Sakhalin Ainu is quite small. In this respect, Sakhalin Ainu shares the similar characteristics with those of Hokkaido Ainu, the Neolithic Jomon population, some geographically isolated Japanese, and Negritos. As regards the shape factor of the dental measurements, on the other hand, Sakhalin Ainu shows the close affiliation to the typical Mongoloid populations such as Aleuts, Karluk (Alaska Eskimos), Chinese from the northern area of China and modern main island Japanese. Distance analysis based on the several non-metric crown features displays the intimate association of Sakhalin Ainu with Negritos and the populations who may have been derived directly from Southeast Asian Proto-Mongoloid population.Taking these results into account, we cannot ignore some genetic influence of Northeast Asian populations on the physical characteristics of Sakhalin Ainu. However, the origin of this population may have been traced back to the Southeast Asian Proto-Mongoloid population. The dental evidence shown in this study may contribute to the establishment of biological relationships among Sakhalin Ainu and the neighboring populations.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"98 1","pages":"425-437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67046304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yoshihisa Watanabe, M. Yoshimura, Yasuyo Suzuki, K. Omoto, T. Juji, K. Tokunaga
HLA-DR specificities were typed using crude DNA from frozen blood samples. Crude extracts of DNA were prepared by boiling blood samples, and a specific segment of the HLA-DRB gene was amplified in vitro by polymerase chain reaction. After blotting to nylon filters, each specificity was detected by nonradioactively (dig-1l-dUTP)-labeled oligonucleotide probes. The results agreed with serological typing. Moreover, some DR subspecificities defined by mixed lymphocyte culture (HLA-D specificities) were also typed. These methods enabled us to utilize stored blood samples from families which have been kept at -30•Ž for eight years.
{"title":"DNA Typing for HLA-DR Using Polymerase Chain Reaction: Application to Frozen Blood","authors":"Yoshihisa Watanabe, M. Yoshimura, Yasuyo Suzuki, K. Omoto, T. Juji, K. Tokunaga","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.98.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.98.149","url":null,"abstract":"HLA-DR specificities were typed using crude DNA from frozen blood samples. Crude extracts of DNA were prepared by boiling blood samples, and a specific segment of the HLA-DRB gene was amplified in vitro by polymerase chain reaction. After blotting to nylon filters, each specificity was detected by nonradioactively (dig-1l-dUTP)-labeled oligonucleotide probes. The results agreed with serological typing. Moreover, some DR subspecificities defined by mixed lymphocyte culture (HLA-D specificities) were also typed. These methods enabled us to utilize stored blood samples from families which have been kept at -30•Ž for eight years.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"214 1","pages":"149-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67045771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eight species of macaques are compared according to the partitions observed in four kinds of cranial nerve perforations: hypoglossal canal, infraorbital foramen, stylomastoid foramen and mental foramen. Chi-square tests using 256 Japanese macaque crania showed virtual absence of a significant influence of age, sex and side factors on the cranial nerve perforations, which permits the maximization of sample sizes. Cluster analysis of a correlation matrix among right and left sides of the four characters and sex and age factors reveals that the characters segregate into "gnathic" and "basicranial" clusters and that sex and age factors join with "gnathic" cluster before the final overall connection. It is, however, concluded that the partitions of the cranial nerve perforations in macaques are virtually independent of age, sex and side factors and that intercharacter correlations among the four kinds of cranial nerve foramina are generally low except for the bilateral correlations.Though the overall pattern of the interspecific comparison through cluster analyses is not stable across the distance measures and clustering procedures applied, the derived positions of Macaca fascicularis among the four species of the fascicularis group and M. nemestrina among the eight species compared are repeatedly obtained. This interspecific pattern is also confirmed by principal component analysis.
{"title":"A Comparison of Eight Macaque Species According to Four Kinds of Cranial Nerve Perforations","authors":"T. Mouri","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.98.411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.98.411","url":null,"abstract":"Eight species of macaques are compared according to the partitions observed in four kinds of cranial nerve perforations: hypoglossal canal, infraorbital foramen, stylomastoid foramen and mental foramen. Chi-square tests using 256 Japanese macaque crania showed virtual absence of a significant influence of age, sex and side factors on the cranial nerve perforations, which permits the maximization of sample sizes. Cluster analysis of a correlation matrix among right and left sides of the four characters and sex and age factors reveals that the characters segregate into \"gnathic\" and \"basicranial\" clusters and that sex and age factors join with \"gnathic\" cluster before the final overall connection. It is, however, concluded that the partitions of the cranial nerve perforations in macaques are virtually independent of age, sex and side factors and that intercharacter correlations among the four kinds of cranial nerve foramina are generally low except for the bilateral correlations.Though the overall pattern of the interspecific comparison through cluster analyses is not stable across the distance measures and clustering procedures applied, the derived positions of Macaca fascicularis among the four species of the fascicularis group and M. nemestrina among the eight species compared are repeatedly obtained. This interspecific pattern is also confirmed by principal component analysis.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"98 1","pages":"411-423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1537/ASE1911.98.411","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67046104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metrical and nonmetrical crown characteristics in the permanent dentition were investigated for seven protohistoric Kofun population samples from western and eastern Japan. The difference between the western and eastern Kofun series was significant in only one measurement in males, whereas in five measurements in females. The metrical analysis of female dentition indicated that the Kofun series of eastern Japan had a slight resemblance to the prehistoric Jomon series which were characterized by smaller overall crown size. However the overall crown sizes of the other Kofun series were larger than those of the Jomon and recent series of Japan. From these results, it was inferred that the Kofun series were closely tied to the Aeneolithic Yayoi series of immigrant type characterized by larger overall crown size, and that the genetic influence of the immigrants in eastern Japan was greater on males than on females during the Kofun period. On the other hand, the nonmetrical data showed close affinities between the recent Japanese series and both the Kofun series of western and eastern Japan, with a large gap between the Kofun and Jomon series. These results suggested that the distribution pattern of nonmetrical crown characteristics of the recent Japanese series had been constructed, at the latest, by the end of the Kofun period.
{"title":"Geographical Variation of Dental Characteristics in the Japanese of the Protohistoric Kofun Period","authors":"H. Matsumura","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.98.439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.98.439","url":null,"abstract":"Metrical and nonmetrical crown characteristics in the permanent dentition were investigated for seven protohistoric Kofun population samples from western and eastern Japan. The difference between the western and eastern Kofun series was significant in only one measurement in males, whereas in five measurements in females. The metrical analysis of female dentition indicated that the Kofun series of eastern Japan had a slight resemblance to the prehistoric Jomon series which were characterized by smaller overall crown size. However the overall crown sizes of the other Kofun series were larger than those of the Jomon and recent series of Japan. From these results, it was inferred that the Kofun series were closely tied to the Aeneolithic Yayoi series of immigrant type characterized by larger overall crown size, and that the genetic influence of the immigrants in eastern Japan was greater on males than on females during the Kofun period. On the other hand, the nonmetrical data showed close affinities between the recent Japanese series and both the Kofun series of western and eastern Japan, with a large gap between the Kofun and Jomon series. These results suggested that the distribution pattern of nonmetrical crown characteristics of the recent Japanese series had been constructed, at the latest, by the end of the Kofun period.","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"98 1","pages":"439-449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1537/ASE1911.98.439","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67046462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An analysis of variations in foot contours based on direction angles.","authors":"M. Kouchi, N. Yamazaki","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.98.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.98.91","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"98 1","pages":"91-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67046348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Human walking: With reference to step length, cadence, speed and energy expenditure.","authors":"M. Yamasaki, Haruhiko Sato","doi":"10.1537/ASE1911.98.385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1537/ASE1911.98.385","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84964,"journal":{"name":"Jinruigaku zasshi = The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nihon","volume":"98 1","pages":"385-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1537/ASE1911.98.385","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67046366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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