Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i8400
Nyah, Nkereuwem U., Obosi, Ekemini J., E. J., Ukpong, Etiowo G, Chukwuemeka, Iheanyichukwu E
Water and ethanol-water extracts of Eleophorbia drupifera leaves were administered orally in graded doses of 0.5ml (147.06mg/kg body weight), 1.0ml (303.3 mg/kg body weight) water extract and 0.5ml (157.66 mg/kg body weight), 1.0ml (301.72 mg/kg body weight) ethanol-water extract on experimental animals for 3 weeks. The effect of the extracts on some biochemical and haematological parameters were evaluated in albino rats. At the end of 21 days, the growth response was higher in the test groups than in the control (p <0.05). The Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alanine transaminase (ALT) levels of the test groups were significantly lower than the control (p <0.05) and total bilirubin showed significantly high values in test groups when compared with the control (p<0.05). The White blood cell (WBC) was significantly increased while the Red blood cell (RBC) was decreased when compared with the control (p<0.05). There were no significant changes in Packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) of the experimental animals (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the effects of the water extract and that of the ethanol-water extract on the albino rats (p<0.05). The results suggest that the leaf extract of Eleophorbia drupifera may possess the capacity to stimulate appetite and there may be no adverse effect associated with the use of this extract in phytotherapy.
{"title":"Effects of Eleophorbia drupifera Leaves Extract on Some Biochemical and Haematological Parameters of Albino Rats","authors":"Nyah, Nkereuwem U., Obosi, Ekemini J., E. J., Ukpong, Etiowo G, Chukwuemeka, Iheanyichukwu E","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i8400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i8400","url":null,"abstract":"Water and ethanol-water extracts of Eleophorbia drupifera leaves were administered orally in graded doses of 0.5ml (147.06mg/kg body weight), 1.0ml (303.3 mg/kg body weight) water extract and 0.5ml (157.66 mg/kg body weight), 1.0ml (301.72 mg/kg body weight) ethanol-water extract on experimental animals for 3 weeks. The effect of the extracts on some biochemical and haematological parameters were evaluated in albino rats. At the end of 21 days, the growth response was higher in the test groups than in the control (p <0.05). The Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alanine transaminase (ALT) levels of the test groups were significantly lower than the control (p <0.05) and total bilirubin showed significantly high values in test groups when compared with the control (p<0.05). The White blood cell (WBC) was significantly increased while the Red blood cell (RBC) was decreased when compared with the control (p<0.05). There were no significant changes in Packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) of the experimental animals (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the effects of the water extract and that of the ethanol-water extract on the albino rats (p<0.05). The results suggest that the leaf extract of Eleophorbia drupifera may possess the capacity to stimulate appetite and there may be no adverse effect associated with the use of this extract in phytotherapy.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i8399
Nilima J. Tayde, H. P. Nandurkar, Nandakishor E. Warghat
In India, insufficient characterization skills and extensive crossbreeding of cattle have led to the loss of several breeds. The purpose of this work is to find polymorphic primers for identifying Zebu cattle breeds. Random crossbreeding has resulted in genetic losses among the Gaolao, Krishna Valley, and Hallikar breeds. Genetic characterization and cryopreserving semen are critical components of conservation and breeding initiatives. The study highlights the urgent need for effective genetic characterization of Zebu cattle breeds in India, identifying 8 polymorphic and 4 monomorphic primers through RAPD-PCR. These findings are crucial for accurate breed identification, which is essential for conservation efforts and informed breeding strategies to preserve genetic diversity and prevent the decline of indigenous breeds like Gaolao, Krishna Valley, and Hallikar. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood using a DNA extraction kit and amplified with RAPD-PCR. A total of 12 primers were evaluated, and agarose gel electrophoresis revealed that eight (OPA-09, OPA-15, OPB-13, OPB-07, OPB- 05, OPA-13, OPA-18, and OPA-01) were polymorphic and four (OPB-06, OPA-04, OPB-03, and OPA-02) were monomorphic. Polymorphic primers demonstrated relatedness between some of the available breeds. Primers OPA-09 and OPA-15 showed a higher degree of polymorphism than primers OPB-13, OPB-07, OPB-05, OPA-13, OPA-18, and OPA-01, indicating that primers OPA-09 and OPA-15 may successfully identify various cattle breeds.
{"title":"Genetic Differentiation of Indian Zebu Cattle (Bos tauraus) Breeds Using Random Oligonucleotide Primers (RAPD-PCR) in Amravati Region, Maharashtra, India","authors":"Nilima J. Tayde, H. P. Nandurkar, Nandakishor E. Warghat","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i8399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i8399","url":null,"abstract":"In India, insufficient characterization skills and extensive crossbreeding of cattle have led to the loss of several breeds. The purpose of this work is to find polymorphic primers for identifying Zebu cattle breeds. Random crossbreeding has resulted in genetic losses among the Gaolao, Krishna Valley, and Hallikar breeds. Genetic characterization and cryopreserving semen are critical components of conservation and breeding initiatives. The study highlights the urgent need for effective genetic characterization of Zebu cattle breeds in India, identifying 8 polymorphic and 4 monomorphic primers through RAPD-PCR. These findings are crucial for accurate breed identification, which is essential for conservation efforts and informed breeding strategies to preserve genetic diversity and prevent the decline of indigenous breeds like Gaolao, Krishna Valley, and Hallikar. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood using a DNA extraction kit and amplified with RAPD-PCR. A total of 12 primers were evaluated, and agarose gel electrophoresis revealed that eight (OPA-09, OPA-15, OPB-13, OPB-07, OPB- 05, OPA-13, OPA-18, and OPA-01) were polymorphic and four (OPB-06, OPA-04, OPB-03, and OPA-02) were monomorphic. Polymorphic primers demonstrated relatedness between some of the available breeds. Primers OPA-09 and OPA-15 showed a higher degree of polymorphism than primers OPB-13, OPB-07, OPB-05, OPA-13, OPA-18, and OPA-01, indicating that primers OPA-09 and OPA-15 may successfully identify various cattle breeds.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i8398
Zakou At, Ngwai Yb, Nkene Ih, I. D, Abimiku Rh, Ekeleme Ik
Aims: This study investigates the antimicrobial resistance and phenotypic detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli from children with cases of diarrhea in Nasarawa-south, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study: Nasarawa South, Nigeria, in 2023. Methodology: A total of 251 non-duplicate E. coli isolates were collected from Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital Lafia (DASHL), General Hospitals Awe (GHA), General Hospital Doma (GHD), General Hospital Obi (GHO) and General Hospital Keana (GHK); and confirmed using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and phenotypic detection of ESBL production in the isolates were carried out using disc diffusion methods. Results: The isolates were highly resistant (74.0-100.0%) to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, ceftriaxone and streptomycin in all the selected hospitals, but less resistance (0-7.8%) to Cefotaxime and Ceftazidime. All the antibiotic resistance isolates were multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) with MAR indices above 0.2; and more than 90.0% in all hospitals were multidrug resistance (MDR) isolates. The occurrence of ESBL producing isolates was highest in DASHL (7.8%), GHK and GHD (2.0%) but none of the isolates from GHA were ESBL producers. Conclusion: Extended-spectrum third generation cephalosporins, cefotaxime and ceftazidime were very effective against the isolates, even though most of the isolates were multidrug resistant. The molecular diversity of the ESBL-producing isolates is being investigated.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Phenotypic Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase in Escherichia coli from Children with Cases of Diarrhea in Nasarawa-South, Nasarawa State, Nigeria","authors":"Zakou At, Ngwai Yb, Nkene Ih, I. D, Abimiku Rh, Ekeleme Ik","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i8398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i8398","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study investigates the antimicrobial resistance and phenotypic detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli from children with cases of diarrhea in Nasarawa-south, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Nasarawa South, Nigeria, in 2023. \u0000Methodology: A total of 251 non-duplicate E. coli isolates were collected from Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital Lafia (DASHL), General Hospitals Awe (GHA), General Hospital Doma (GHD), General Hospital Obi (GHO) and General Hospital Keana (GHK); and confirmed using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and phenotypic detection of ESBL production in the isolates were carried out using disc diffusion methods. \u0000Results: The isolates were highly resistant (74.0-100.0%) to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, ceftriaxone and streptomycin in all the selected hospitals, but less resistance (0-7.8%) to Cefotaxime and Ceftazidime. All the antibiotic resistance isolates were multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) with MAR indices above 0.2; and more than 90.0% in all hospitals were multidrug resistance (MDR) isolates. The occurrence of ESBL producing isolates was highest in DASHL (7.8%), GHK and GHD (2.0%) but none of the isolates from GHA were ESBL producers. \u0000Conclusion: Extended-spectrum third generation cephalosporins, cefotaxime and ceftazidime were very effective against the isolates, even though most of the isolates were multidrug resistant. The molecular diversity of the ESBL-producing isolates is being investigated.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Probiotics are live microorganisms, primarily bacteria that give the host health benefits when given in sufficient amounts. It works in various defensive mechanisms, including releasing antimicrobial compounds, competitive adhesion to the mucosa and epithelium, fortifying the gut epithelial barrier and regulating the immune system. Probiotics have a considerable effect in reducing allergies and gastrointestinal problems like diarrhoea and ulcers. Probiotics are quite beneficial for managing and preventing complex diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, anaemia, urogenital diseases, dental caries, URTI, cancers and various abnormalities like obesity, depression, etc. Nowadays, Antibiotic resistance is a global challenge associated with high morbidity and mortality. The current lack of efficacious treatments necessitates the creation of innovative therapeutic approaches and substitute antimicrobial therapies. So, natural products or probiotics would be a better option for treating human health. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the sources, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Jstor and Base; studies only about human health were included here. All types of animal diseases and articles before 1990 are excluded. A total of 6,410 articles were identified and 300 articles were taken for further evaluation based on context. However, Probiotics have already become a successful therapeutic intervention strategy among physicians. This investigation covers a comprehensive overview of the current state of probiotic research which comprises a wide range of topics including sourcing, mode of action, probiotic strains, isolating procedures and the role of probiotics. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Emerging Role of Probiotics in Advancement of Combating Physical Abnormalities and Diseases: A Systematic Perspective Analysis","authors":"Mst. Tania Khatun, Forkanul Hoque, Naeema Salatia Hoque, Md. Sakhawat Hossain, Md. Ashraful Alam, Sabrina Afrin, Tanjina Nasrin Eva, Rahima Tanbin Tama","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i8397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i8397","url":null,"abstract":"Probiotics are live microorganisms, primarily bacteria that give the host health benefits when given in sufficient amounts. It works in various defensive mechanisms, including releasing antimicrobial compounds, competitive adhesion to the mucosa and epithelium, fortifying the gut epithelial barrier and regulating the immune system. Probiotics have a considerable effect in reducing allergies and gastrointestinal problems like diarrhoea and ulcers. Probiotics are quite beneficial for managing and preventing complex diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, anaemia, urogenital diseases, dental caries, URTI, cancers and various abnormalities like obesity, depression, etc. Nowadays, Antibiotic resistance is a global challenge associated with high morbidity and mortality. The current lack of efficacious treatments necessitates the creation of innovative therapeutic approaches and substitute antimicrobial therapies. So, natural products or probiotics would be a better option for treating human health. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the sources, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Jstor and Base; studies only about human health were included here. All types of animal diseases and articles before 1990 are excluded. A total of 6,410 articles were identified and 300 articles were taken for further evaluation based on context. However, Probiotics have already become a successful therapeutic intervention strategy among physicians. This investigation covers a comprehensive overview of the current state of probiotic research which comprises a wide range of topics including sourcing, mode of action, probiotic strains, isolating procedures and the role of probiotics. \u0000Graphical abstract \u0000","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141643035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i7396
Harley Nico L. Jazmin, Flyndon Mark S. Dagalea, K. M. Cui-Lim
Canarium ovatum (Pili) Pulp was widely cultivated in the town of Allen, Northern Samar, Philippines. In Allen, Northern Samar produces 60 to 100 kilograms per year every tree. The pili can used in various aspects like oil and soap production, fuel, sweet candies and bread stuffing, and used in traditional medicines for its nutritional benefits. Thus, this study focuses on characterizing the Pili extract using Ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometer. Physical properties were determined in terms of boiling point, color, density, odor, pH, and solubility. Likewise, the nutritional content was determined in terms of ash content, carbohydrates, crude fats, crude protein, and moisture content. Lastly, to characterize the Pili pulp, a UV-vis spectrophotometer was used to determine and quantify the nutraceutical content of the plant sample. Results showed that, Pili pulp has a lower boiling point than water, an orange color, with unpleasant odor, density less than water, slightly acidic, and exhibited a polar nature. Subsequently, proximate analysis revealed that ash content has a high mineral concentration and, also, carbohydrates can contribute for energy source. The presence of crude fats indicates essential fatty acids necessary for maintaining cellular structure. On the other hand, crude protein offers health diet as well as low moisture content of plant sample implies a longer shelf-life and reduced microbial growth. Correspondingly, spectra analysis of UV-vis indicates among phytochemical screening tested for positive results and promoting possible applications in developing natural remedies. Therefore, the findings provide evidence as therapeutic advantages for characterization and evaluation which produce health and economic benefits for individuals, businesses, farmers and government agencies.
{"title":"Spectral Characterization of Canarium ovatum Engl. (Pili) Pulp Extract from Allen, Northern Samar, Philippines","authors":"Harley Nico L. Jazmin, Flyndon Mark S. Dagalea, K. M. Cui-Lim","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i7396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i7396","url":null,"abstract":"Canarium ovatum (Pili) Pulp was widely cultivated in the town of Allen, Northern Samar, Philippines. In Allen, Northern Samar produces 60 to 100 kilograms per year every tree. The pili can used in various aspects like oil and soap production, fuel, sweet candies and bread stuffing, and used in traditional medicines for its nutritional benefits. Thus, this study focuses on characterizing the Pili extract using Ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometer. Physical properties were determined in terms of boiling point, color, density, odor, pH, and solubility. Likewise, the nutritional content was determined in terms of ash content, carbohydrates, crude fats, crude protein, and moisture content. Lastly, to characterize the Pili pulp, a UV-vis spectrophotometer was used to determine and quantify the nutraceutical content of the plant sample. Results showed that, Pili pulp has a lower boiling point than water, an orange color, with unpleasant odor, density less than water, slightly acidic, and exhibited a polar nature. Subsequently, proximate analysis revealed that ash content has a high mineral concentration and, also, carbohydrates can contribute for energy source. The presence of crude fats indicates essential fatty acids necessary for maintaining cellular structure. On the other hand, crude protein offers health diet as well as low moisture content of plant sample implies a longer shelf-life and reduced microbial growth. Correspondingly, spectra analysis of UV-vis indicates among phytochemical screening tested for positive results and promoting possible applications in developing natural remedies. Therefore, the findings provide evidence as therapeutic advantages for characterization and evaluation which produce health and economic benefits for individuals, businesses, farmers and government agencies.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141651781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i7395
B. Okolonkwo, Godspower Ikechi Achi, Erasmus Martha A, Suama Promise, Patrick Williams, Osuosa Atoukaritou, Esther Okagbe Ogbugo
Garcinia kola (GK) is prized in African herbal medicine for its diverse uses, including social, economic, and medicinal purposes. This study examined the dose-dependent toxicity of ivermectin and the protective effects of Garcinia kola extract on the hematological parameters of Wistar rats. A total of 32 Wistar Rats (120 – 150g) were randomly chosen from PAMO University of Medical Sciences' Animal House. They were acclimatized for two weeks. Divided into 4 main groups (A, B, C, D), which were further subdivided into 2 subgroups each (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1 and D2) with each subgroup containing 4 rats. Subgroup A: negative control (0 mg/kg BW of ivermectin, no Garcinia kola). Subgroup A2: positive control (0 mg/kg BW of ivermectin and 20 mg/kg/ml Garcinia kola). Test Subgroups 1 (B1, C1 and D1) received respectively doses of 10 mg/kg/ml, 20 mg/kg/ml, and 40 mg/kg/ml of Ivermectin intraperitoneally, Subgroups 2 (B2, C2 and D2) received respectively the same doses followed by oral administration of Garcinia kola at 20 mg/kg BW of rat per ml daily for 7 days, starting 24 hours after toxicity induction. On the eighth day, each rat was anesthetized with chloroform. 5mls of blood was collected via cardiac puncture into EDTA bottle for the analysis of the CBC parameters. ANOVA was used to test the hypotheses at alpha = 0.05. The result showed a significant dose-dependent difference in anaemia indicators in ivermectin induction but there was no significant change in after bitter kola treatment. The study has shown that ivermectin inflicted haematological toxicity particicular in particular in anaemic indicators but bitter kola couldn’t ameliorate the effect of the toxicity.
{"title":"Effect of Garcinia Kola in Ivermectin-Induced Toxicity in the Hematology of Treated Rats (Rattus Novergicus)","authors":"B. Okolonkwo, Godspower Ikechi Achi, Erasmus Martha A, Suama Promise, Patrick Williams, Osuosa Atoukaritou, Esther Okagbe Ogbugo","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i7395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i7395","url":null,"abstract":"Garcinia kola (GK) is prized in African herbal medicine for its diverse uses, including social, economic, and medicinal purposes. This study examined the dose-dependent toxicity of ivermectin and the protective effects of Garcinia kola extract on the hematological parameters of Wistar rats. A total of 32 Wistar Rats (120 – 150g) were randomly chosen from PAMO University of Medical Sciences' Animal House. They were acclimatized for two weeks. Divided into 4 main groups (A, B, C, D), which were further subdivided into 2 subgroups each (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1 and D2) with each subgroup containing 4 rats. Subgroup A: negative control (0 mg/kg BW of ivermectin, no Garcinia kola). Subgroup A2: positive control (0 mg/kg BW of ivermectin and 20 mg/kg/ml Garcinia kola). Test Subgroups 1 (B1, C1 and D1) received respectively doses of 10 mg/kg/ml, 20 mg/kg/ml, and 40 mg/kg/ml of Ivermectin intraperitoneally, Subgroups 2 (B2, C2 and D2) received respectively the same doses followed by oral administration of Garcinia kola at 20 mg/kg BW of rat per ml daily for 7 days, starting 24 hours after toxicity induction. On the eighth day, each rat was anesthetized with chloroform. 5mls of blood was collected via cardiac puncture into EDTA bottle for the analysis of the CBC parameters. ANOVA was used to test the hypotheses at alpha = 0.05. The result showed a significant dose-dependent difference in anaemia indicators in ivermectin induction but there was no significant change in after bitter kola treatment. The study has shown that ivermectin inflicted haematological toxicity particicular in particular in anaemic indicators but bitter kola couldn’t ameliorate the effect of the toxicity.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i7394
D. Olorunfemi, O. Orororo, N. E. Iloduba, E. Osioma, E. D. Kpomah, Ogheneovo L. Osio
Untreated wastewater discharge into waterbodies poses a number of risks, including the potential for aquatic organisms' DNA to be damaged. Using the comet assay, this study assessed the genotoxic impact of cassava wastewater on the gonads, liver, and gills of post-juvenile Clarias gariepinus. The post-juvenile C. gariepinus fish were acquired from a fish farm in Edo State, Nigeria, and were subjected to different concentrations of cassava wastewater (0.2%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.7%) for a duration of 96 hours. In contrast to the typical actions seen in the control groups, the fish exposed to the effluent exhibited restless, erratic movements, and gasping for air. The first set of repetitions showed that catfish mortality increased with concentration; after 96 hours, exposure to the lowest concentration (0.2%) and the highest concentration (0.7%) of cassava wastewater caused 10% and 40% of the fish to die, respectively. The second set of repetitions showed that catfish mortality increased with increasing concentration; after 96 hours, exposure to the lowest concentration (0.2%) and the highest concentration (0.7%) of cassava wastewater resulted in 20% and 50% catfish mortality, respectively. Following the exposure time, the fish were brought to the lab where their gonads, liver, and gills were removed in order to use the comet assay for genotoxic assessment. The genotoxins present in the wastewater can be the reason for the DNA impairment found in the genotoxic assessment result at different effluent concentrations. The investigation also showed that DNA damage increased with increasing concentration, indicating a dose-dependent genotoxic effect of cassava wastewater on post-juveniles of C. gariepinus. This research demonstrates the critical importance of treating wastewater before to discharge.
未经处理的废水排入水体会带来许多风险，包括可能对水生生物的 DNA 造成破坏。本研究利用彗星试验评估了木薯废水对幼鱼性腺、肝脏和鳃的遗传毒性影响。幼鱼来自尼日利亚埃多州的一个养鱼场，被置于不同浓度（0.2%、0.3%、0.5% 和 0.7%）的木薯废水中 96 小时。与对照组的典型行为不同，暴露在废水中的鱼表现出躁动不安、动作不稳定和喘气。第一组重复试验表明，鲶鱼的死亡率随浓度的增加而增加；96 小时后，接触最低浓度（0.2%）和最高浓度（0.7%）的木薯废水分别导致 10%和 40%的鱼死亡。第二组重复试验表明，鲶鱼的死亡率随着浓度的增加而增加；接触最低浓度（0.2%）和最高浓度（0.7%）的木薯废水 96 小时后，鲶鱼的死亡率分别为 20% 和 50%。暴露时间结束后，将鲶鱼带到实验室，取出其性腺、肝脏和鳃，以便使用彗星试验进行基因毒性评估。废水中的基因毒性物质可能是导致不同浓度废水的基因毒性评估结果出现 DNA 损伤的原因。调查还显示，DNA损伤随着浓度的增加而加剧，这表明木薯废水对后代鲤鱼的基因毒性影响与剂量有关。这项研究表明，在排放之前对废水进行处理至关重要。
{"title":"Evaluation of Genotoxicity by Comet Assay in Tissues of Clarias gariepinus Exposed to Cassava Effluent","authors":"D. Olorunfemi, O. Orororo, N. E. Iloduba, E. Osioma, E. D. Kpomah, Ogheneovo L. Osio","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i7394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i7394","url":null,"abstract":"Untreated wastewater discharge into waterbodies poses a number of risks, including the potential for aquatic organisms' DNA to be damaged. Using the comet assay, this study assessed the genotoxic impact of cassava wastewater on the gonads, liver, and gills of post-juvenile Clarias gariepinus. The post-juvenile C. gariepinus fish were acquired from a fish farm in Edo State, Nigeria, and were subjected to different concentrations of cassava wastewater (0.2%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.7%) for a duration of 96 hours. In contrast to the typical actions seen in the control groups, the fish exposed to the effluent exhibited restless, erratic movements, and gasping for air. The first set of repetitions showed that catfish mortality increased with concentration; after 96 hours, exposure to the lowest concentration (0.2%) and the highest concentration (0.7%) of cassava wastewater caused 10% and 40% of the fish to die, respectively. The second set of repetitions showed that catfish mortality increased with increasing concentration; after 96 hours, exposure to the lowest concentration (0.2%) and the highest concentration (0.7%) of cassava wastewater resulted in 20% and 50% catfish mortality, respectively. Following the exposure time, the fish were brought to the lab where their gonads, liver, and gills were removed in order to use the comet assay for genotoxic assessment. The genotoxins present in the wastewater can be the reason for the DNA impairment found in the genotoxic assessment result at different effluent concentrations. The investigation also showed that DNA damage increased with increasing concentration, indicating a dose-dependent genotoxic effect of cassava wastewater on post-juveniles of C. gariepinus. This research demonstrates the critical importance of treating wastewater before to discharge.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-06DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i7393
Emeziem D.M, Iwu I C
The analysis of the leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata was carried out to characterize its components, GC-MS analysis was carried out in our laboratory. The spectrum obtained showed 15 peaks which translates to 15 compounds, with their molecular weight, formula and structures. Initial phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloid, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and triterpenoids, cardic glycosides and phenols while antraquinone glycosides was absent. Antimicrobial analysis revealed that the extract showed marked activities against Streptococcus sp, Staphylococcus sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa but was resistant to Serratia marcescens.
{"title":"GC-MS Charaterization of Phytochemicals and Anti Microbial Properties of Chromolaena odorata Leaf Harvested from South Eastern Nigeria","authors":"Emeziem D.M, Iwu I C","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i7393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i7393","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of the leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata was carried out to characterize its components, GC-MS analysis was carried out in our laboratory. The spectrum obtained showed 15 peaks which translates to 15 compounds, with their molecular weight, formula and structures. Initial phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloid, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and triterpenoids, cardic glycosides and phenols while antraquinone glycosides was absent. Antimicrobial analysis revealed that the extract showed marked activities against Streptococcus sp, Staphylococcus sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa but was resistant to Serratia marcescens.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141673098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i7389
O. B. Oladapo, Toheeb A. Jumah, Justine U. Egbe, Jude O. Uzoechina, A. E. Fakayode, Muhammad I. Adeyemi, O. Olaniyan, Chimunda A. Solomon, Zion O. Oluwasegun, Damilola Olatunde, U. Arunsi, Samuel O Olubode, P. A. Akinnusi, T. Balogun, Sunday B. Akinde
Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. The strictly controlled physiological process of apoptosis is required for immune system function, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and appropriate embryonic development. Anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 are potent new anticancer targets. The inhibitory effect of the apparently therapeutic plant Nigella sativa on these targets is investigated using a molecular modeling approach in this work. From the molecular docking, we predict that seven compounds; apigenin, chlorogenic acid, hesperidin, quercetin, quercitrin, kaempferol, and rutin may have greater inhibitory potential against the target protein. These compounds have higher docking scores thus indicating higher binding affinities when compared to co-crystallized compounds. The co-compounds were crystallized with the standards, which served as the baselines for comparison studies. This result shows that that Nigella sativa compounds may be a potential anticancer drug that targets the anti-apoptotic protein. Targeting anti-apoptotic proteins provides clinical studies with the opportunity to evaluate for possible anti-cancer potential in the plant via other experimental models like rats and cancer cell lines. Using phytomedicines can equally augment existing therapy to provide synergistic anti-cancer effect when combined with existing drugs thereby enhancing therapy efficacy and because medicinal plants has lots of phytoconstituents, its use in this research can provide benefits of targeting multiple anti-apoptotic proteins thereby enhancing therapeutic effect unlike some conventional drugs that are mostly single targeting.
{"title":"A Computational Modeling Study on the Biomolecular Interactions of the Phytoconstituents of Nigella sativa with Anti-Apoptotic Proteins Mcl-1 and Bcl-x1","authors":"O. B. Oladapo, Toheeb A. Jumah, Justine U. Egbe, Jude O. Uzoechina, A. E. Fakayode, Muhammad I. Adeyemi, O. Olaniyan, Chimunda A. Solomon, Zion O. Oluwasegun, Damilola Olatunde, U. Arunsi, Samuel O Olubode, P. A. Akinnusi, T. Balogun, Sunday B. Akinde","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i7389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i7389","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. The strictly controlled physiological process of apoptosis is required for immune system function, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and appropriate embryonic development. Anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 are potent new anticancer targets. The inhibitory effect of the apparently therapeutic plant Nigella sativa on these targets is investigated using a molecular modeling approach in this work. From the molecular docking, we predict that seven compounds; apigenin, chlorogenic acid, hesperidin, quercetin, quercitrin, kaempferol, and rutin may have greater inhibitory potential against the target protein. These compounds have higher docking scores thus indicating higher binding affinities when compared to co-crystallized compounds. The co-compounds were crystallized with the standards, which served as the baselines for comparison studies. This result shows that that Nigella sativa compounds may be a potential anticancer drug that targets the anti-apoptotic protein. Targeting anti-apoptotic proteins provides clinical studies with the opportunity to evaluate for possible anti-cancer potential in the plant via other experimental models like rats and cancer cell lines. Using phytomedicines can equally augment existing therapy to provide synergistic anti-cancer effect when combined with existing drugs thereby enhancing therapy efficacy and because medicinal plants has lots of phytoconstituents, its use in this research can provide benefits of targeting multiple anti-apoptotic proteins thereby enhancing therapeutic effect unlike some conventional drugs that are mostly single targeting.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141266842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i7388
Gayatri Batham, R.K. Garg
India has a world's richest, most abundant and most promising inland fisheries resources with variety fishes in tributaries, streams, canals, lakes, ponds, and reservoirs. There are several significant river systems in India, including the Cauvery, Tapi, Narmada, Krishna, Indus, Brahmaputra, Ganga, Mahanadi, and Godavari which showing shrinkage of fish fauna because of environmental disturbance, human interference and human threats. In order to conserve the fish diversity, the molecular markers are helpful in determining genetic diversity, gene polymorphism and gene flows from generation to generation. The topic experienced a surge in interest due to the introduction of strong statistical analysis tools and the accessibility of DNA fingerprinting, DNA sequencing techniques and consequently population genetic studies. Some molecular markers, Microsatellite markers, RAPD, Allozymes and mitochondrial (cox1, cytob, ATPase6/8) implications have been discussed in this review which will provide an overview that have been used by scientists to studied population genetic structure and genetic variations at various levels.
印度拥有世界上最丰富、最充足和最有潜力的内陆渔业资源，支流、溪流、运河、湖泊、池塘和水库中的鱼类种类繁多。印度有几条重要的河流系统，包括考弗里河、塔皮河、纳尔马达河、克里希纳河、印度河、布拉马普特拉河、恒河、马哈纳迪河和戈达瓦里河，由于环境干扰、人为干扰和人为威胁，这些河流系统的鱼类动物群正在减少。为了保护鱼类的多样性，分子标记有助于确定遗传多样性、基因多态性和代代相传的基因流。由于引入了强大的统计分析工具和 DNA 指纹、DNA 测序技术，以及随之而来的种群遗传研究，人们对这一主题的兴趣大增。本综述讨论了一些分子标记、微卫星标记、RAPD、同工酶和线粒体（cox1、cytob、ATPase6/8）的影响，概述了科学家在研究不同层次的种群遗传结构和遗传变异时使用的标记。
{"title":"Pattern and Dynamics of Genetic Stock of Freshwater Fishes Using Various Molecular Markers for Their Conservation Management Concerns in the Indian Riverine System","authors":"Gayatri Batham, R.K. Garg","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i7388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i7388","url":null,"abstract":"India has a world's richest, most abundant and most promising inland fisheries resources with variety fishes in tributaries, streams, canals, lakes, ponds, and reservoirs. There are several significant river systems in India, including the Cauvery, Tapi, Narmada, Krishna, Indus, Brahmaputra, Ganga, Mahanadi, and Godavari which showing shrinkage of fish fauna because of environmental disturbance, human interference and human threats. In order to conserve the fish diversity, the molecular markers are helpful in determining genetic diversity, gene polymorphism and gene flows from generation to generation. The topic experienced a surge in interest due to the introduction of strong statistical analysis tools and the accessibility of DNA fingerprinting, DNA sequencing techniques and consequently population genetic studies. Some molecular markers, Microsatellite markers, RAPD, Allozymes and mitochondrial (cox1, cytob, ATPase6/8) implications have been discussed in this review which will provide an overview that have been used by scientists to studied population genetic structure and genetic variations at various levels.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141273042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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