Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i1355
Harshal Sahare, A. Jadhao, S. G. Vengurlekar, M. P. Shah
Aims: Senile cataract is a common eye condition that affects many older people and can lead to blindness if not treated. It is caused by the gradual thickening of the lens of the eye, which reduces the clarity of vision. One of the factors that may contribute to the development of senile cataract is the imbalance of serum electrolytes, which are minerals that help regulate the fluid balance in the body. Study Design: Hospital based prospective cross-sectional study. Methodology: The aim of this study was to compare the levels of serum sodium and potassium in senile cataract patients and healthy controls. The study involved 200 participants aged 50 to 80 years, 100 of whom had senile cataract and 100 of whom did not. The levels of serum electrolytes were measured using standard laboratory methods. Results: Senile cataract patients had significantly higher levels of serum sodium and potassium than healthy controls, while there was no significant difference in serum potassium levels between the two groups. Conclusion: The high levels of serum sodium and potassium may affect the concentration of these electrolytes in the aqueous humor, which is the fluid that fills the eye. This may overwhelm the ability of the lens to regulate its volume and lead to lens opacities. Therefore, serum sodium and potassium levels may be useful indicators of senile cataract risk. The study also suggested that reducing salt intake may help prevent or delay the onset of senile cataract.
{"title":"Study of Serum Sodium and Potassium Levels in Senile Cataract Patients Versus Normal Controls at Tertiary Center","authors":"Harshal Sahare, A. Jadhao, S. G. Vengurlekar, M. P. Shah","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i1355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i1355","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Senile cataract is a common eye condition that affects many older people and can lead to blindness if not treated. It is caused by the gradual thickening of the lens of the eye, which reduces the clarity of vision. One of the factors that may contribute to the development of senile cataract is the imbalance of serum electrolytes, which are minerals that help regulate the fluid balance in the body. \u0000Study Design: Hospital based prospective cross-sectional study. \u0000Methodology: The aim of this study was to compare the levels of serum sodium and potassium in senile cataract patients and healthy controls. The study involved 200 participants aged 50 to 80 years, 100 of whom had senile cataract and 100 of whom did not. The levels of serum electrolytes were measured using standard laboratory methods. \u0000Results: Senile cataract patients had significantly higher levels of serum sodium and potassium than healthy controls, while there was no significant difference in serum potassium levels between the two groups. \u0000Conclusion: The high levels of serum sodium and potassium may affect the concentration of these electrolytes in the aqueous humor, which is the fluid that fills the eye. This may overwhelm the ability of the lens to regulate its volume and lead to lens opacities. Therefore, serum sodium and potassium levels may be useful indicators of senile cataract risk. The study also suggested that reducing salt intake may help prevent or delay the onset of senile cataract.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139599076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-23DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i1354
Sheudeen Abubakar, A, Ibitoroko George-Opuda, Anthony Augustine U, Ben-Chioma Adline E, I. Elekima
Recent breakthroughs in gene therapy have ushered in a new era in precision cancer treatment, offering a transformative approach to combating malignancy and high mortality rates. The development of cutting-edge techniques in gene therapy for cancer treatment has led to a more precise strategy in cancer treatment by focusing on the genetic architecture of the cancer cells and enhancing the immune response to these malignant cells. This article looks at four (4) basic approaches: gene replacement techniques, gene editing techniques, RNA-based techniques and oncolytic viruses; these strategies have revolutionised oncology and cancer treatment, especially in the 21st century, with many of their principles stemming from the 20th century. For example, using the CRISPR-Cas9 technology has revolutionised disease treatment - cancer since its development by Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudnagene by improving genetic expression and correcting mutation editing. Aside from these techniques, there are many emerging gene therapy approaches for cancer treatment, with many in their final clinical trial stage. These emerging techniques involve the utilisation of neoantigens/cancer vaccines, epigenetic modulation and combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Although this novel approach offers better prospects than conventional cancer treatment, they still face challenges, such as ethical issues, regulation and enhancement of vectors. Sub-Saharan Africa - Nigeria stands a chance to benefit from these novel strategies for cancer through commitment, building infrastructures and private-public partnerships. The roles played by biomedical scientists and researchers are pivotal to offering better prospects for precision medicine in cancer treatment.
{"title":"Gene Therapy Advancements for Precision Cancer Treatment: Challenges and Opportunities in Sub-Saharan Africa – Nigeria Perspective","authors":"Sheudeen Abubakar, A, Ibitoroko George-Opuda, Anthony Augustine U, Ben-Chioma Adline E, I. Elekima","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i1354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i1354","url":null,"abstract":"Recent breakthroughs in gene therapy have ushered in a new era in precision cancer treatment, offering a transformative approach to combating malignancy and high mortality rates. The development of cutting-edge techniques in gene therapy for cancer treatment has led to a more precise strategy in cancer treatment by focusing on the genetic architecture of the cancer cells and enhancing the immune response to these malignant cells. This article looks at four (4) basic approaches: gene replacement techniques, gene editing techniques, RNA-based techniques and oncolytic viruses; these strategies have revolutionised oncology and cancer treatment, especially in the 21st century, with many of their principles stemming from the 20th century. For example, using the CRISPR-Cas9 technology has revolutionised disease treatment - cancer since its development by Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudnagene by improving genetic expression and correcting mutation editing. Aside from these techniques, there are many emerging gene therapy approaches for cancer treatment, with many in their final clinical trial stage. These emerging techniques involve the utilisation of neoantigens/cancer vaccines, epigenetic modulation and combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Although this novel approach offers better prospects than conventional cancer treatment, they still face challenges, such as ethical issues, regulation and enhancement of vectors. Sub-Saharan Africa - Nigeria stands a chance to benefit from these novel strategies for cancer through commitment, building infrastructures and private-public partnerships. The roles played by biomedical scientists and researchers are pivotal to offering better prospects for precision medicine in cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139603382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i1353
Balaji P A, S. Varne
There is an exponential increase in prevalence of diabetes and hypertension worldwide and more so in India, and despite of numerous state and national awareness programs and evidence-based approach in management of these diseases, the burden of mortality and morbidity, instead of decreasing, has been rapidly climbing upwards. Hence, there is definite need of precision medicine approach, even though the pathway would be challenging, can provide more precise treatment to an individual based on his/her genetic, phenotypic, and metabolic make up.
{"title":"The Scope of Precision Medicine in Management of Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Hypertension","authors":"Balaji P A, S. Varne","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i1353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i1353","url":null,"abstract":"There is an exponential increase in prevalence of diabetes and hypertension worldwide and more so in India, and despite of numerous state and national awareness programs and evidence-based approach in management of these diseases, the burden of mortality and morbidity, instead of decreasing, has been rapidly climbing upwards. Hence, there is definite need of precision medicine approach, even though the pathway would be challenging, can provide more precise treatment to an individual based on his/her genetic, phenotypic, and metabolic make up.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139607238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-17DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i1352
Nelson Anita Yemi-odae, Unoh Florence Ben, Nsude Linus Odinakachukwu, Edet Brian Enembe, Inyang Daniel Ime
Aims: The study aimed to assess the prevalence of obesity in children, and to evaluate obesity as a risk factor of hypertension among children obtaining treatment at the University of Calabar teaching hospital. Study Design: the study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey design involving children between 3 and 18years attending pediatrics clinic at the University of Calabar teaching hospital was used to achieve the objectives of the study. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at the University of Calabar teaching hospital Calabar, Cross River state, southern Nigeria between May 2023 and November 2023. Methodology: data collection was carried out using the following instruments; (a) Semi-structured questionnaire; for anthropometric measurements (the anthropometric measurements were used to determine MBI of respondents) (b) Weighing balance and measuring tape; for measuring the weight and height of respondents in kilogram (kg) and metre (m) respectively (c) Digital blood pressure monitor; for measurement of respondents’ blood pressure. Data was collected with the help of the research assistants on a daily basis for 6 weeks from the pediatric unit of the hospital with two research assistants administering the questionnaire while the other took and recorded anthropometric measurements. Results: BMI percentile of 53 (39.13%) respondents was 95th percentile and above, followed by 35(25.36%) at 5th percentile, 28(20.29%) below 5th percentile, and 22(15.94%) at 85th percentile. 43(31.16%) respondents had elevated blood pressure of 120-129 mm Hg(systolic) and less than 80 mm Hg (diastolic) were recorded for 22(15.94%) and 25(18.12%) respondents respectively. 48(34.78%) respondents had blood pressure higher than 130/80 mm Hg indicative of hypertension. Conclusion: BP above 130/80 mm Hg indicated a positive correlation between childhood obesity and pediatric high blood pressure.
{"title":"Obesity as a Predisposing Genetic Factor for Development of Pediatric Hypertension in Calabar Municipality, Cross River State, Nigeria","authors":"Nelson Anita Yemi-odae, Unoh Florence Ben, Nsude Linus Odinakachukwu, Edet Brian Enembe, Inyang Daniel Ime","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i1352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i1352","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The study aimed to assess the prevalence of obesity in children, and to evaluate obesity as a risk factor of hypertension among children obtaining treatment at the University of Calabar teaching hospital. \u0000Study Design: the study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey design involving children between 3 and 18years attending pediatrics clinic at the University of Calabar teaching hospital was used to achieve the objectives of the study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at the University of Calabar teaching hospital Calabar, Cross River state, southern Nigeria between May 2023 and November 2023. \u0000Methodology: data collection was carried out using the following instruments; (a) Semi-structured questionnaire; for anthropometric measurements (the anthropometric measurements were used to determine MBI of respondents) (b) Weighing balance and measuring tape; for measuring the weight and height of respondents in kilogram (kg) and metre (m) respectively (c) Digital blood pressure monitor; for measurement of respondents’ blood pressure. Data was collected with the help of the research assistants on a daily basis for 6 weeks from the pediatric unit of the hospital with two research assistants administering the questionnaire while the other took and recorded anthropometric measurements. \u0000Results: BMI percentile of 53 (39.13%) respondents was 95th percentile and above, followed by 35(25.36%) at 5th percentile, 28(20.29%) below 5th percentile, and 22(15.94%) at 85th percentile. 43(31.16%) respondents had elevated blood pressure of 120-129 mm Hg(systolic) and less than 80 mm Hg (diastolic) were recorded for 22(15.94%) and 25(18.12%) respondents respectively. 48(34.78%) respondents had blood pressure higher than 130/80 mm Hg indicative of hypertension. \u0000Conclusion: BP above 130/80 mm Hg indicated a positive correlation between childhood obesity and pediatric high blood pressure.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139527120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v15i4349
A. J. Okon
Different parts of the plant Eleophorbia drupifera have been reportedly used for treatment of various ailments. This study aimed at evaluating the toxicological potential of the leaves of this plant in order to caution or encourage its use in traditional medicine. Water and ethanol-water extracts of Eleophorbia drupifera leaves were administered orally in graded doses of 0.5ml (147.06mg/kg body weight), 1.0ml (303.3mg/kg body weight) water extract and 0.5ml (157.66mg/kg body weight), 1.0ml (301.72mg/kg body weight) ethanol-water extract to experimental animals for 3 weeks. The effect of the extracts on some biochemical and haematological parameters were evaluated in albino rats. At the end of 21 days, the AST and ALT levels of the test groups were significantly lower than the control (p<0.05) and total bilirubin showed significantly high values in test groups when compared with the control (p<0.05). The WBC was significantly increased while the RBC was decreased when compared with the control (p<0.05). There were no significant changes in PCV and Hb of the experimental animals (p<0.05).There was no significant difference between the effects of the water extract and that of the ethanol-water extract on the albino rats (p<0.05). The results suggest that there may be no adverse effect associated with the use of this extract in phytotherapy.
{"title":"Biochemical and Haematological Changes in Albino Wistar Rats Following Administration of Eleophorbia drupifera Leaves Extract","authors":"A. J. Okon","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v15i4349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v15i4349","url":null,"abstract":"Different parts of the plant Eleophorbia drupifera have been reportedly used for treatment of various ailments. This study aimed at evaluating the toxicological potential of the leaves of this plant in order to caution or encourage its use in traditional medicine. Water and ethanol-water extracts of Eleophorbia drupifera leaves were administered orally in graded doses of 0.5ml (147.06mg/kg body weight), 1.0ml (303.3mg/kg body weight) water extract and 0.5ml (157.66mg/kg body weight), 1.0ml (301.72mg/kg body weight) ethanol-water extract to experimental animals for 3 weeks. The effect of the extracts on some biochemical and haematological parameters were evaluated in albino rats. At the end of 21 days, the AST and ALT levels of the test groups were significantly lower than the control (p<0.05) and total bilirubin showed significantly high values in test groups when compared with the control (p<0.05). The WBC was significantly increased while the RBC was decreased when compared with the control (p<0.05). There were no significant changes in PCV and Hb of the experimental animals (p<0.05).There was no significant difference between the effects of the water extract and that of the ethanol-water extract on the albino rats (p<0.05). The results suggest that there may be no adverse effect associated with the use of this extract in phytotherapy.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v15i4347
Muhammad Ashar Abdullah, Mahnoor, Jalal Khan, Malaika, Muhammad Awais, Abdullah, Humara, Adnan Shoukat
Significant advances in our understanding of the biological underpinnings of plant production have created fresh opportunities for innovative breeding approaches as compared to the 1950s. Although the enormous and intricate genomes of hexaploid wheat and diploid barley constitute a significant challenge, they also provide a substantial gene pool that may be used for breeding. We provide an overview of current biology's identification or characterization of productivity-related genes and/or mutations in wheat and barley. Because extreme weather events seriously impair agricultural productivity, climate change-induced variations in weather patterns will have an influence on agriculture's future environmental effects and the impending danger to yield sustainability. In order to fulfil the demands of an expanding population, future practical techniques will investigate and understand genotype, environment, phenological characteristics, GWAS, and QTL mapping in order to boost agricultural yield. Since the world's population is growing and requires food in the face of changing climate conditions and shrinking farmed lands, breeding and genetic modification are crucial methods for enhancing wheat yield under environmental stresses. It was claimed that the amount of yield might be measured by weighing a thousand grains or in kilogrammes per hectare.
{"title":"Enhancing the Productivity of Wheat (Triticum spp.) Via Genetic and Environmental Variability: A Review","authors":"Muhammad Ashar Abdullah, Mahnoor, Jalal Khan, Malaika, Muhammad Awais, Abdullah, Humara, Adnan Shoukat","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v15i4347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v15i4347","url":null,"abstract":"Significant advances in our understanding of the biological underpinnings of plant production have created fresh opportunities for innovative breeding approaches as compared to the 1950s. Although the enormous and intricate genomes of hexaploid wheat and diploid barley constitute a significant challenge, they also provide a substantial gene pool that may be used for breeding. We provide an overview of current biology's identification or characterization of productivity-related genes and/or mutations in wheat and barley. Because extreme weather events seriously impair agricultural productivity, climate change-induced variations in weather patterns will have an influence on agriculture's future environmental effects and the impending danger to yield sustainability. In order to fulfil the demands of an expanding population, future practical techniques will investigate and understand genotype, environment, phenological characteristics, GWAS, and QTL mapping in order to boost agricultural yield. Since the world's population is growing and requires food in the face of changing climate conditions and shrinking farmed lands, breeding and genetic modification are crucial methods for enhancing wheat yield under environmental stresses. It was claimed that the amount of yield might be measured by weighing a thousand grains or in kilogrammes per hectare.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139174743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v15i4346
N. Diouf, O. Boye, M. N. Coly, M. B. Touré, M. Djité, N. Coly, I. Soumah, F. Diedhiou, A. Samba, I. Faye, M. Guèye, H. Agossou, R. Ba, S. Thiam, A. Ndiaye, F. Cissé, F. Diallo, M. Sylla-Niang, A. Diatta
Hemoglobin S can interfere with the measurement of glycated hemoglobin, an essential tool for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes. The objective of this study is to evaluate the analytical performance of 2 glycated haemoglobin assay methods. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted where 186 patients (61 homozygous sickle cell disease, 61 AA type subjects and 64 AS type subjects) were recruited. Glycated hemoglobin was measured by immunoturbidimetry method and ion exchange chromatography. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the repeatability is 2.34% and 1.13% (normal rate) ; 2.32% and 1.65% (high rate) respectively for the immunoturbidimetric method and ion exchange chromatography. In reproducibility, the CV obtained are 3.23% and 2.64% (normal rate) and 3.27% and 2.22% (high rate), respectively for the immunoturbidimetric method and the ion exchange chromatography. Linearity is satisfactory for both methods. Mean glycated hemoglobin values show no significant difference (the P-value is equal to 0.09, 0.17 and 0.70 respectively in subjects AA, AS and SS) in the 2 methods for patients with the same hemoglobin electrophoretic profile. The analytical performances of the 2 methods are good but their use is not recommended in the biological diagnosis of diabetes and pre-diabetes due to interference from hemoglobin S, especially in the case of homozygous sickle cell disease or in the case of composite heterozygosity.
血红蛋白 S 会干扰糖化血红蛋白的测量，而糖化血红蛋白是诊断和监测糖尿病的重要工具。本研究旨在评估两种糖化血红蛋白检测方法的分析性能。这项前瞻性横断面研究共招募了 186 名患者（61 名同种镰状细胞病患者、61 名 AA 型受试者和 64 名 AS 型受试者）。研究采用免疫比浊法和离子交换色谱法测量糖化血红蛋白。免疫比浊法和离子交换色谱法的重复性变异系数（CV）分别为 2.34% 和 1.13%（正常值）；2.32% 和 1.65%（高值）。在重现性方面，免疫比浊法和离子交换色谱法的 CV 值分别为 3.23% 和 2.64%（正常值）以及 3.27% 和 2.22%（高值）。两种方法的线性度均令人满意。对于血红蛋白电泳图谱相同的患者，两种方法的平均糖化血红蛋白值无明显差异（P 值在 AA、AS 和 SS 受试者中分别等于 0.09、0.17 和 0.70）。这两种方法的分析性能良好，但由于血红蛋白 S 的干扰，尤其是在同型镰状细胞病或复合杂合的情况下，不建议在糖尿病和糖尿病前期的生物诊断中使用。
{"title":"Variation in Hemoglobin A1c Linked to Hemoglobin S: Comparison of Analysis Results from ion Exchange Chromatography and an Immunoturbidimetric Method","authors":"N. Diouf, O. Boye, M. N. Coly, M. B. Touré, M. Djité, N. Coly, I. Soumah, F. Diedhiou, A. Samba, I. Faye, M. Guèye, H. Agossou, R. Ba, S. Thiam, A. Ndiaye, F. Cissé, F. Diallo, M. Sylla-Niang, A. Diatta","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v15i4346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v15i4346","url":null,"abstract":"Hemoglobin S can interfere with the measurement of glycated hemoglobin, an essential tool for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes. The objective of this study is to evaluate the analytical performance of 2 glycated haemoglobin assay methods. \u0000A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted where 186 patients (61 homozygous sickle cell disease, 61 AA type subjects and 64 AS type subjects) were recruited. Glycated hemoglobin was measured by immunoturbidimetry method and ion exchange chromatography. \u0000The coefficient of variation (CV) of the repeatability is 2.34% and 1.13% (normal rate) ; 2.32% and 1.65% (high rate) respectively for the immunoturbidimetric method and ion exchange chromatography. In reproducibility, the CV obtained are 3.23% and 2.64% (normal rate) and 3.27% and 2.22% (high rate), respectively for the immunoturbidimetric method and the ion exchange chromatography. Linearity is satisfactory for both methods. Mean glycated hemoglobin values show no significant difference (the P-value is equal to 0.09, 0.17 and 0.70 respectively in subjects AA, AS and SS) in the 2 methods for patients with the same hemoglobin electrophoretic profile. \u0000The analytical performances of the 2 methods are good but their use is not recommended in the biological diagnosis of diabetes and pre-diabetes due to interference from hemoglobin S, especially in the case of homozygous sickle cell disease or in the case of composite heterozygosity.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v15i3345
Moustapha Djité, Ousmane Cissé, N. Barry, P. Kandji, Diamilatou B. A., M. Mbacke, J. Diop, N. Gaye, Ndèye Marème Thioune, N. Coly-Gueye, N. Diouf, El Hadji Malick Ndour, Fatou Gueye-tall, D. Doupa, Rokhaya Ndiaye-Diallo, P. L. Sall, Aynina Cisse, P. A. Diop, Amadou Gallo Diop, P. Gueye
Introduction: For a long time, it was assumed that stroke only affected people aged over 60, but recent studies have shown that it can occur in younger people. In the latter group, molecular factors and inter-individual differences in susceptibility are being increasingly incriminated. The aim of our study was therefore to evaluate the haptoglobin gene polymorphism in subjects with cryptogenic ischemic stroke. Methodology: This was a prospective case-control study and included subjects with cryptogenic ischemic stroke followed at the neurology department of FANN hospital in Senegal. Healthy controls were recruited and matched with the cases according to sex and age ±2 years. The Hp gene polymorphism was determined using conventional PCR without enzymatic digestion and biochemical parameters were assayed using the Architect ci4100 system (Abott, USA). Results: Our study included 35 patients with cryptogenic stroke. The mean age of the patients was 45±11 years and the sex ratio was 1:1. Assessment of cardiovascular risk factors showed a high frequency of hypertension (46.57%) followed by dyslipidemia (21.42%) and diabetes (10.71%). Drug use was found in 7.14% of subjects. With regard to haptoglobin genotypes, Hp2-2 was much more prevalent in stroke patients (21.42%) than in control subjects (14.28%). In contrast, the Hp1-1 genotype was more prevalent in control subjects, with a rate of 57.14%, compared with 39.28% for cryptogenic strokes. Conclusion: Our results seem to show that the Hp2-2 genotype is involved in the occurrence of cryptogenic ischemic stroke. However, the impact of these parameters must be assessed in conjunction with other associated cardiovascular risk factors.
{"title":"Assessment of Haptoglobin Gene Polymorphism in cryptogenic Ischemic Stroke in West African Patients","authors":"Moustapha Djité, Ousmane Cissé, N. Barry, P. Kandji, Diamilatou B. A., M. Mbacke, J. Diop, N. Gaye, Ndèye Marème Thioune, N. Coly-Gueye, N. Diouf, El Hadji Malick Ndour, Fatou Gueye-tall, D. Doupa, Rokhaya Ndiaye-Diallo, P. L. Sall, Aynina Cisse, P. A. Diop, Amadou Gallo Diop, P. Gueye","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v15i3345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v15i3345","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: For a long time, it was assumed that stroke only affected people aged over 60, but recent studies have shown that it can occur in younger people. In the latter group, molecular factors and inter-individual differences in susceptibility are being increasingly incriminated. The aim of our study was therefore to evaluate the haptoglobin gene polymorphism in subjects with cryptogenic ischemic stroke. Methodology: This was a prospective case-control study and included subjects with cryptogenic ischemic stroke followed at the neurology department of FANN hospital in Senegal. Healthy controls were recruited and matched with the cases according to sex and age ±2 years. The Hp gene polymorphism was determined using conventional PCR without enzymatic digestion and biochemical parameters were assayed using the Architect ci4100 system (Abott, USA). Results: Our study included 35 patients with cryptogenic stroke. The mean age of the patients was 45±11 years and the sex ratio was 1:1. Assessment of cardiovascular risk factors showed a high frequency of hypertension (46.57%) followed by dyslipidemia (21.42%) and diabetes (10.71%). Drug use was found in 7.14% of subjects. With regard to haptoglobin genotypes, Hp2-2 was much more prevalent in stroke patients (21.42%) than in control subjects (14.28%). In contrast, the Hp1-1 genotype was more prevalent in control subjects, with a rate of 57.14%, compared with 39.28% for cryptogenic strokes. Conclusion: Our results seem to show that the Hp2-2 genotype is involved in the occurrence of cryptogenic ischemic stroke. However, the impact of these parameters must be assessed in conjunction with other associated cardiovascular risk factors.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139200293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v15i3344
Kufre Noah, Martin O. Anagboso, Uchechukwu L. Iyanyi, Daniel L. Ajaghaku, Jude E. Okokon
Aim: The antidotal potential of Hippocratea africana root, which is used locally to cure poisoning, was studied in rats.
Methodology: The hepatoprotective activity of the root extract (200-600 mg/kg), fractions (dichloromethane (DCM) and aqueous, 400 mg/kg) and Silymarin (100 mg/kg), were investigated against paracetamol-induced liver injury in rats. Assay of liver function parameters, markers of antioxidative stress in addition to liver histological analysis were employed to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of root extract and fractions.
Results: Administration of the root extract (200-600 mg/kg) caused significant (P < .05-.001) increases in the blood levels of total protein and decreases in direct and total bilirubin, and the liver biomarker enzymes ALT, AST, and ALP caused by paracetamol administration. Most of the time, the effects were dose-dependent. When compared to the negative control group of animals (organotoxic-treated animals), the histology of the liver sections from animals treated with extract, fractions, and silymarin revealed a decrease in pathological characteristics. These histological observations suggest significant hepatoprotective potentials which were in line with the chemical pathological alterations.
Conclusion: The outcome of the study indicated that root extract and fractions of Hippocratea africana have antioxidative stress potentials and hepatoprotective action against harmful substances, maybe as a result of its phytochemical constituents' activity.
{"title":"Hippocratea africana Root Extract and Fractions Ameliorates Paracetamol (PCM)-Induced Oxidative Stress and Liver Injuries in Rats","authors":"Kufre Noah, Martin O. Anagboso, Uchechukwu L. Iyanyi, Daniel L. Ajaghaku, Jude E. Okokon","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v15i3344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v15i3344","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The antidotal potential of Hippocratea africana root, which is used locally to cure poisoning, was studied in rats.
 Methodology: The hepatoprotective activity of the root extract (200-600 mg/kg), fractions (dichloromethane (DCM) and aqueous, 400 mg/kg) and Silymarin (100 mg/kg), were investigated against paracetamol-induced liver injury in rats. Assay of liver function parameters, markers of antioxidative stress in addition to liver histological analysis were employed to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of root extract and fractions.
 Results: Administration of the root extract (200-600 mg/kg) caused significant (P < .05-.001) increases in the blood levels of total protein and decreases in direct and total bilirubin, and the liver biomarker enzymes ALT, AST, and ALP caused by paracetamol administration. Most of the time, the effects were dose-dependent. When compared to the negative control group of animals (organotoxic-treated animals), the histology of the liver sections from animals treated with extract, fractions, and silymarin revealed a decrease in pathological characteristics. These histological observations suggest significant hepatoprotective potentials which were in line with the chemical pathological alterations.
 Conclusion: The outcome of the study indicated that root extract and fractions of Hippocratea africana have antioxidative stress potentials and hepatoprotective action against harmful substances, maybe as a result of its phytochemical constituents' activity.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135138261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v15i3343
Jude E. Okokon, Imoh I. Johnny, Elvis O. Edet, Idongesit C. Etuk, Inyang J. Udo
Solanum anomalum, a medicinal plant, used in ethnomedicine for their antimalarial, antidiabetic, and antiphlogistic activities was investigated for cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa. The extract and fractions was also screened for total flavonoid and phenol content using standard methods. Onion bulbs were exposed to 2.5 mg/mL, 5mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL concentrations of the leaf extract for macroscopic and microscopic analysis. Tap water was used as a negative control and Methotrexate (0.1 mg/mL) as a positive control. There was statistically significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of root growth depending on concentration by the extract when compared with the negative control group. All the tested concentrations of the extract were observed to have cytotoxic effects on cell division in A. cepa. The extract- induced chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei (MNC) formations in A. cepa root tip cells were significant (p<0.05) when compared with control group. The extract treatment further induced cell death, ghost cells, cells membrane damage, and binucleated cells. The dichloromethane fraction was found to contain the highest level of total flavonoid and phenol followed by the crude extract. These results suggest that Solanum anomalum leaf extract possess cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on A. cepa which is as a results of its phytochemical constituents.
{"title":"Genotoxic Potential, Total Flavonoid and Phenolic Contents of Solanum anomalum Thonn. Ex Schumach Leaf","authors":"Jude E. Okokon, Imoh I. Johnny, Elvis O. Edet, Idongesit C. Etuk, Inyang J. Udo","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v15i3343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v15i3343","url":null,"abstract":"Solanum anomalum, a medicinal plant, used in ethnomedicine for their antimalarial, antidiabetic, and antiphlogistic activities was investigated for cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa. The extract and fractions was also screened for total flavonoid and phenol content using standard methods. Onion bulbs were exposed to 2.5 mg/mL, 5mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL concentrations of the leaf extract for macroscopic and microscopic analysis. Tap water was used as a negative control and Methotrexate (0.1 mg/mL) as a positive control. There was statistically significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of root growth depending on concentration by the extract when compared with the negative control group. All the tested concentrations of the extract were observed to have cytotoxic effects on cell division in A. cepa. The extract- induced chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei (MNC) formations in A. cepa root tip cells were significant (p<0.05) when compared with control group. The extract treatment further induced cell death, ghost cells, cells membrane damage, and binucleated cells. The dichloromethane fraction was found to contain the highest level of total flavonoid and phenol followed by the crude extract. These results suggest that Solanum anomalum leaf extract possess cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on A. cepa which is as a results of its phytochemical constituents.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135475654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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