Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i2311
Fatima Ul Zahra, S. Noor, Hooria Ghias, S. Muhammad
Background: Over the last few decades, metallic nanoparticles, especially silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), have gained the focus of researchers globally due to their unique properties and a broad range of applications. Aim: This research study focused on the green synthesis of AgNPs by using Coriandrum sativum, Olea europaea leaf extract, and their bovine serum albumin conjugates. Materials and Methods: Biogenic AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The potential biomedical applications of AgNPs and their conjugates were also evaluated through in vitro assays. AgNPs synthesis was confirmed by observing UV-visible absorption peaks at 380nm, 460nm (AgNPs derived from C.sativum and O. europaea respectively), 580nm, and 577nm (conjugates of particles from C.sativum and O. europaea respectively). Results: FTIR analysis revealed the presence of various functional groups on the surface of AgNPs. The average diameters of C. sativum and O. europaea derived AgNPs were 1025 d.nm and 134 d.nm, whereas the average size of AgNPs was 500nm, 200nm, 100nm, and 300nm with uniform morphology. Results of biomedical activity showed that AgNPs and their albumin conjugates were potential antidiabetic, anti-oxidant, and anti-hyperlipidemic with significant IC50 values compared to standard. The antimicrobial potential of AgNPs and their conjugates were tested against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains and the best zone of inhibition of C. sativum derived conjugated AgNPs was observed against Salmonella enterica i.e. 29 mm. Conclusion: The research project provides an ecofriendly green synthesis method of AgNPs and their conjugates as well as their potential for the treatment of different diseases.
{"title":"Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Biomedical Applications of AgNPs Using Coriander sativum and Olea europaea","authors":"Fatima Ul Zahra, S. Noor, Hooria Ghias, S. Muhammad","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i2311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i2311","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Over the last few decades, metallic nanoparticles, especially silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), have gained the focus of researchers globally due to their unique properties and a broad range of applications.\u0000Aim: This research study focused on the green synthesis of AgNPs by using Coriandrum sativum, Olea europaea leaf extract, and their bovine serum albumin conjugates.\u0000Materials and Methods: Biogenic AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The potential biomedical applications of AgNPs and their conjugates were also evaluated through in vitro assays. AgNPs synthesis was confirmed by observing UV-visible absorption peaks at 380nm, 460nm (AgNPs derived from C.sativum and O. europaea respectively), 580nm, and 577nm (conjugates of particles from C.sativum and O. europaea respectively).\u0000Results: FTIR analysis revealed the presence of various functional groups on the surface of AgNPs. The average diameters of C. sativum and O. europaea derived AgNPs were 1025 d.nm and 134 d.nm, whereas the average size of AgNPs was 500nm, 200nm, 100nm, and 300nm with uniform morphology. Results of biomedical activity showed that AgNPs and their albumin conjugates were potential antidiabetic, anti-oxidant, and anti-hyperlipidemic with significant IC50 values compared to standard. The antimicrobial potential of AgNPs and their conjugates were tested against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains and the best zone of inhibition of C. sativum derived conjugated AgNPs was observed against Salmonella enterica i.e. 29 mm.\u0000Conclusion: The research project provides an ecofriendly green synthesis method of AgNPs and their conjugates as well as their potential for the treatment of different diseases.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85904653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i2310
P. Muralidharan, C. Swetha
Aims: Neurodegenerative disorder is characterized by progressive loss of structure and function of neurons. Exposure to aluminum causes neurodegenerative disorders like dementia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study was designed to examine the ameliorative effect of grape seed oil extraction aluminium chloride induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats. Methodology: Wistar rats were administered with aluminium chloride (175 mg/kg. p.o.) for 28 days to generate neurotoxicity model. Attenuation effect of grape seed oil against aluminium chloride toxicity by oral administration adjunctly from day 18. Behavioral and locomotor activity was determined using passive avoidance test, open field test, actophotometer and rota rod test. Biochemical parameter such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity andsuperoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity were assessed in brain samplesand histology of brain tissue were assessed on the final day of the experiment. Results: Aluminium chloride treatment significantly decreases cognitive function and open field test with a significance decrease in the acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant (SOD, CAT, GR) activity level. Also, the histopathological examination shows significance decrease in the neuronal cell density in hippocampal region. Grape seed oil treated with aluminum chloride neurotoxic groups alleviates all the toxicity induced by the aluminum chloride. Histopathological studies in the hippocampus and cortex of the rat brain also supported that the grape seed oil markedly reduced the toxicity of aluminium chloride. Conclusion: Supplementation of grape seed oilexhibited with beneficial and neuroprotective role on aluminium chloride induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rat modelby improving the cognitive memory and antioxidant enzyme level.
{"title":"Ameliorative Effect of Grape Seed Oil on Aluminium Chloride Induced Neurotoxicity on Rats","authors":"P. Muralidharan, C. Swetha","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i2310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i2310","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Neurodegenerative disorder is characterized by progressive loss of structure and function of neurons. Exposure to aluminum causes neurodegenerative disorders like dementia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study was designed to examine the ameliorative effect of grape seed oil extraction aluminium chloride induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats. \u0000Methodology: Wistar rats were administered with aluminium chloride (175 mg/kg. p.o.) for 28 days to generate neurotoxicity model. Attenuation effect of grape seed oil against aluminium chloride toxicity by oral administration adjunctly from day 18. Behavioral and locomotor activity was determined using passive avoidance test, open field test, actophotometer and rota rod test. Biochemical parameter such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity andsuperoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity were assessed in brain samplesand histology of brain tissue were assessed on the final day of the experiment. \u0000Results: Aluminium chloride treatment significantly decreases cognitive function and open field test with a significance decrease in the acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant (SOD, CAT, GR) activity level. Also, the histopathological examination shows significance decrease in the neuronal cell density in hippocampal region. Grape seed oil treated with aluminum chloride neurotoxic groups alleviates all the toxicity induced by the aluminum chloride. Histopathological studies in the hippocampus and cortex of the rat brain also supported that the grape seed oil markedly reduced the toxicity of aluminium chloride. \u0000Conclusion: Supplementation of grape seed oilexhibited with beneficial and neuroprotective role on aluminium chloride induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rat modelby improving the cognitive memory and antioxidant enzyme level.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":"295 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75805495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i2308
R. K., A. Owhonka, Okafor, Afam Chibuike, Ahuokpo, Happiness Ijeoma, Ipalibo, Christopher Happiness
The antibiotic susceptibility profile of Escherichia coli isolated from yoghurt samples within the Port Harcourt metropolis was investigated. Yoghurt samples (sachets and bottled yoghurts) were randomly bought from vendors within Port Harcourt and were transferred in an ice-pack container to the microbiology laboratory, at Rivers State University where they were analyzed. Enumeration and isolation of faecal coliform were done using Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMB). Aliquot from 10-1 dilution of the sample was aseptically transferred into dried EMB agar plates in duplicates, spread evenly using a sterile bent glass rod and incubated at 45℃ for 24-48 hours. After incubation, plates were observed for growth and counts were recorded for the determination of colony forming unit while colonies on the plates were sub-cultured on freshly prepared nutrient agar plates. Morphological, gram reaction and biochemical tests were used for identification. The Kirby Bauer disk diffusion test on Mueller-Hinton agar using commercially prepared antibiotics was used in determining the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates. Results showed that the mean range of the faecal coliform load of the yoghurts was 0.0-6.0×102 CFU/mL. More so, out of the samples analyzed, only two samples were positive for E. coli. Results of the antibiotics susceptibility showed that all five E. coli isolates were resistant to more than two antibiotics and exhibited multi-drug resistance. Some of the isolates possessed Inc-P and TEM-resistant genes. Although they were completely susceptible to Nalidixic acid, Levofloxacin, Ceftriaxone and Ofloxacin antibiotics. More so, 40% resistant isolates had a MAR index of 0.2, while the other 40 and 20% resistant isolates had a MAR index of 0.5 and 0.3, respectively. Contamination of the samples could be through manufacturing or packaging and distribution processes. Thus, good manufacturing practice is highly recommended.
{"title":"Antibiogram and Resistant Gene (Gentamicin and Estended Beta-lactam) Profile of Escherichia coli Isolated from Yoghurt","authors":"R. K., A. Owhonka, Okafor, Afam Chibuike, Ahuokpo, Happiness Ijeoma, Ipalibo, Christopher Happiness","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i2308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i2308","url":null,"abstract":"The antibiotic susceptibility profile of Escherichia coli isolated from yoghurt samples within the Port Harcourt metropolis was investigated. Yoghurt samples (sachets and bottled yoghurts) were randomly bought from vendors within Port Harcourt and were transferred in an ice-pack container to the microbiology laboratory, at Rivers State University where they were analyzed. Enumeration and isolation of faecal coliform were done using Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMB). Aliquot from 10-1 dilution of the sample was aseptically transferred into dried EMB agar plates in duplicates, spread evenly using a sterile bent glass rod and incubated at 45℃ for 24-48 hours. After incubation, plates were observed for growth and counts were recorded for the determination of colony forming unit while colonies on the plates were sub-cultured on freshly prepared nutrient agar plates. Morphological, gram reaction and biochemical tests were used for identification. The Kirby Bauer disk diffusion test on Mueller-Hinton agar using commercially prepared antibiotics was used in determining the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates. Results showed that the mean range of the faecal coliform load of the yoghurts was 0.0-6.0×102 CFU/mL. More so, out of the samples analyzed, only two samples were positive for E. coli. Results of the antibiotics susceptibility showed that all five E. coli isolates were resistant to more than two antibiotics and exhibited multi-drug resistance. Some of the isolates possessed Inc-P and TEM-resistant genes. Although they were completely susceptible to Nalidixic acid, Levofloxacin, Ceftriaxone and Ofloxacin antibiotics. More so, 40% resistant isolates had a MAR index of 0.2, while the other 40 and 20% resistant isolates had a MAR index of 0.5 and 0.3, respectively. Contamination of the samples could be through manufacturing or packaging and distribution processes. Thus, good manufacturing practice is highly recommended.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87632927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i2309
Kehinde O. Olatunji, Oluwaseyi A. Ogunrinola, Olufunmilayo O. Ogunrinola, Olamilekan Jimoh Igbalaye, Adesewa Esther Adeniyi, Aminat Abike Ahmad, Benjamin S. Aribisala, B. Elemo
Aims: Several parts of medicinal plants have been known to have many health benefits. One of those plants is the Crinum glaucum (CG) bulb. Therefore, this research was undertaken to investigate the therapeutic role of an aqueous extract of CG bulb (aeCGb) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced haematological and hepatic enzyme alterations in male and female rat models. Study Design and Methodology: Twenty-five male and twenty-five female rats were divided randomly into five groups (n = 5) each. Group 1 is the control group. Group 2 was administered with 1000 mg/kg body weight of aeCGb. Group 3 was exposed to 4 ml/kg body weight of LPS for 4 hours. Group 4 was administered LPS (4 hours) and 1000 mg/kg body weight of aeCGb. Group 5 was administered 1000 mg/kg body weight of aeCGb and LPS for 4 hours. The albumin, total protein, bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (hepatic enzyme) concentrations and haematological parameters were analysed spectrophotometrically. Results: The hallmark of LPS is its ability to decrease the concentration of hepatic enzymes and the levels of haematological parameters, as observed. The levels of albumin, total protein, and direct and total bilirubin were significantly (P≤ .05) increased in the aeCGb-treated groups. However, treatment with aeCGb reverses the damaging effect of LPS on hepatic enzyme concentration. Conclusion: The results suggest that aeCGb has a therapeutic role in the LPS-induced alterations by correcting the concentration of hepatic enzyme function as well as regulating the levels of haematological parameters.
{"title":"Therapeutic Role of Crinum glaucum Bulb against Haematological and Hepatic Enzyme Alterations in a Rat Model","authors":"Kehinde O. Olatunji, Oluwaseyi A. Ogunrinola, Olufunmilayo O. Ogunrinola, Olamilekan Jimoh Igbalaye, Adesewa Esther Adeniyi, Aminat Abike Ahmad, Benjamin S. Aribisala, B. Elemo","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i2309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i2309","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000Aims: Several parts of medicinal plants have been known to have many health benefits. One of those plants is the Crinum glaucum (CG) bulb. Therefore, this research was undertaken to investigate the therapeutic role of an aqueous extract of CG bulb (aeCGb) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced haematological and hepatic enzyme alterations in male and female rat models. \u0000Study Design and Methodology: Twenty-five male and twenty-five female rats were divided randomly into five groups (n = 5) each. Group 1 is the control group. Group 2 was administered with 1000 mg/kg body weight of aeCGb. Group 3 was exposed to 4 ml/kg body weight of LPS for 4 hours. Group 4 was administered LPS (4 hours) and 1000 mg/kg body weight of aeCGb. Group 5 was administered 1000 mg/kg body weight of aeCGb and LPS for 4 hours. The albumin, total protein, bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (hepatic enzyme) concentrations and haematological parameters were analysed spectrophotometrically. \u0000Results: The hallmark of LPS is its ability to decrease the concentration of hepatic enzymes and the levels of haematological parameters, as observed. The levels of albumin, total protein, and direct and total bilirubin were significantly (P≤ .05) increased in the aeCGb-treated groups. However, treatment with aeCGb reverses the damaging effect of LPS on hepatic enzyme concentration. \u0000Conclusion: The results suggest that aeCGb has a therapeutic role in the LPS-induced alterations by correcting the concentration of hepatic enzyme function as well as regulating the levels of haematological parameters.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87957849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i1307
Fidelis Etuh Okpanachi, O. Amusa, L. A. Ogunkanmi, B. Oboh
Pigeon pea [Canjanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is an orphan crop that has remained greatly unimproved in quality and quantity in Africa even though it has great potential of supplying food to the growing population. Its yield is affected by various biotic and abiotic factors and a lack of varieties with broad adaptability to a range of environments. It is therefore important to select accessions that are stable in different environments for yield and yield components. A randomized complete block design layout was used to carry out a multi-locational trial using 107 pigeon pea accessions. Data was taken for the total number of pods per plant at maturity, pod length, seed weight, seeds per pod, and seed yield per plant. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) with genotype and genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot were used to interpret the data. The mean squares for the PCA explained by the first two principal components account for 100% of the G x E interaction. The results revealed that the differences in the yield and yield components across the three locations were mostly due to the genotypes of the pigeon pea and to some extent the genotype by environment interaction. Six accessions were observed to be high-yielding and stable across all three environments.
{"title":"AMMI and GGE Biplot Analysis of Yield and Related Traits among Selected Mini-core Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) Accessions","authors":"Fidelis Etuh Okpanachi, O. Amusa, L. A. Ogunkanmi, B. Oboh","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i1307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i1307","url":null,"abstract":"Pigeon pea [Canjanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is an orphan crop that has remained greatly unimproved in quality and quantity in Africa even though it has great potential of supplying food to the growing population. Its yield is affected by various biotic and abiotic factors and a lack of varieties with broad adaptability to a range of environments. It is therefore important to select accessions that are stable in different environments for yield and yield components. A randomized complete block design layout was used to carry out a multi-locational trial using 107 pigeon pea accessions. Data was taken for the total number of pods per plant at maturity, pod length, seed weight, seeds per pod, and seed yield per plant. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) with genotype and genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot were used to interpret the data. The mean squares for the PCA explained by the first two principal components account for 100% of the G x E interaction. The results revealed that the differences in the yield and yield components across the three locations were mostly due to the genotypes of the pigeon pea and to some extent the genotype by environment interaction. Six accessions were observed to be high-yielding and stable across all three environments.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":"28 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91436420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the effects of ethanolic extracts of fruits of Dennettia tripetala on kidney function of healthy male albino rats. Dennettia tripetala is commonly also referred to as pepper fruit. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiarrheal characteristics are only a few of the fruit's many known therapeutic benefits. Fifty healthy adult male albino rats were utilized in this study and were randomly distributed into 5 groups of 10 animals each. The test animals were orally administered ethanolic extracts of fruits of D. tripetala (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) for twenty-one days and were sacrificed at the end of the 21 days. The result of kidney function biochemical parameters revealed that sodium increased significantly (p<0.05) in all the test groups, potassium increased significantly in all the test groups except in group 4 which showed no significant alteration, chloride was lowered in all the groups except in group 2 which increased significantly. Urea was lowered significantly in all the test groups; creatinine was significantly elevated in groups 4 and 5, while groups 2 and 3 showed no significant alteration. Photomicrograph of kidney section of normal control rat (group 1) showed normal glomerulus (G), Bowman’s capsule (Bc), Bowman’s space (Bs) and tubules (T) as well as group 2 and 3, while group 4 and 5 showed slightly shrunken glomerulus (SG) with increased Bowman’s capsular space (IBs) and dilated tubules (DT) within the tissue stroma. This study suggests that both the extracts may possess active ingredients that may aid in electrolyte homoeostasis while the unriped fruit extract contains some chemicals that may cause mild kidney toxicity when consumed for a long duration.
{"title":"Effects of Ethanolic Extracts of Fruits of Dennettia tripetala on Kidney Function of Male Albino Rats","authors":"Shadrach, Philip, Imo Chinedu, Otitoju Olawale, Mohammad, Zuhairah Ismail, Asaph, Peace Magaji","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i1306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i1306","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effects of ethanolic extracts of fruits of Dennettia tripetala on kidney function of healthy male albino rats. Dennettia tripetala is commonly also referred to as pepper fruit. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiarrheal characteristics are only a few of the fruit's many known therapeutic benefits. Fifty healthy adult male albino rats were utilized in this study and were randomly distributed into 5 groups of 10 animals each. The test animals were orally administered ethanolic extracts of fruits of D. tripetala (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) for twenty-one days and were sacrificed at the end of the 21 days. The result of kidney function biochemical parameters revealed that sodium increased significantly (p<0.05) in all the test groups, potassium increased significantly in all the test groups except in group 4 which showed no significant alteration, chloride was lowered in all the groups except in group 2 which increased significantly. Urea was lowered significantly in all the test groups; creatinine was significantly elevated in groups 4 and 5, while groups 2 and 3 showed no significant alteration. Photomicrograph of kidney section of normal control rat (group 1) showed normal glomerulus (G), Bowman’s capsule (Bc), Bowman’s space (Bs) and tubules (T) as well as group 2 and 3, while group 4 and 5 showed slightly shrunken glomerulus (SG) with increased Bowman’s capsular space (IBs) and dilated tubules (DT) within the tissue stroma. This study suggests that both the extracts may possess active ingredients that may aid in electrolyte homoeostasis while the unriped fruit extract contains some chemicals that may cause mild kidney toxicity when consumed for a long duration.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88924598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i1305
Z. Muhammad, C. Imo, K. Arowora, P. Shadrach
Aim: This study examined the histological effect of ethanolic extracts of fruits of Acacia nilotica and flowers of Calotropis procera on aspirin-induced stomach ulcer in male albino rats. Acacia nilotica fruits and Calotropis procera flowers are among the plant parts which are used in the treatment of ulcers by local folks in Wukari, Nigeria. Study Design: Seventy healthy male albino rats were used in this study; they were randomly distributed into 7 groups of 10 animals each. The test animals were induced with ulcer using 500 mg/kg body weight of aspirin and then treated with Acacia nilotica fruits and Calotropis procera flowers for 5 and 14 days respectively. Methodology: This study was carried out in two phases: stomach ulcer was induced in test animals using aspirin and treated for a period of 5 days and 14 days using ethanolic extracts of fruits of Acacia nilotica and flowers of Calotropis procera before sacrifice. The stomach of the animals was harvested, processed for histological investigation and photomicrographs taken. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Federal University Wukari, between August 2022 and January 2023. Results: Photomicrograph of the gastric tissue of normal rats showed normal epithelial lining with mucosa and submucosa appearing unremarkable. Photomicrograph section of gastric tissue of rat administered aspirin only showed moderate ulceration of the epithelial lining. Photomicrograph of gastric tissues of rats administered both plant extracts showed moderate to severe ulcerations of the epithelial lining with unremarkable mucosa and submucosa. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that treatment of stomach ulcer in albino rats caused by administration of excess dose of aspirin with ethanolic extracts of fruits of Acacia nilotica and flowers of Calotropis procera did not heal the stomach ulcer in the albino rats after 5 days and 14 days treatment.
{"title":"Histological Effect of Ethanolic Extracts of Fruits of Acacia nilotica and Flowers of Calotropis procera on Aspirin Induced Stomach Ulcer in Male Albino Rats","authors":"Z. Muhammad, C. Imo, K. Arowora, P. Shadrach","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i1305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i1305","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study examined the histological effect of ethanolic extracts of fruits of Acacia nilotica and flowers of Calotropis procera on aspirin-induced stomach ulcer in male albino rats. Acacia nilotica fruits and Calotropis procera flowers are among the plant parts which are used in the treatment of ulcers by local folks in Wukari, Nigeria. \u0000Study Design: Seventy healthy male albino rats were used in this study; they were randomly distributed into 7 groups of 10 animals each. The test animals were induced with ulcer using 500 mg/kg body weight of aspirin and then treated with Acacia nilotica fruits and Calotropis procera flowers for 5 and 14 days respectively. \u0000Methodology: This study was carried out in two phases: stomach ulcer was induced in test animals using aspirin and treated for a period of 5 days and 14 days using ethanolic extracts of fruits of Acacia nilotica and flowers of Calotropis procera before sacrifice. The stomach of the animals was harvested, processed for histological investigation and photomicrographs taken. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Federal University Wukari, between August 2022 and January 2023. \u0000Results: Photomicrograph of the gastric tissue of normal rats showed normal epithelial lining with mucosa and submucosa appearing unremarkable. Photomicrograph section of gastric tissue of rat administered aspirin only showed moderate ulceration of the epithelial lining. Photomicrograph of gastric tissues of rats administered both plant extracts showed moderate to severe ulcerations of the epithelial lining with unremarkable mucosa and submucosa. \u0000Conclusion: The results of this study showed that treatment of stomach ulcer in albino rats caused by administration of excess dose of aspirin with ethanolic extracts of fruits of Acacia nilotica and flowers of Calotropis procera did not heal the stomach ulcer in the albino rats after 5 days and 14 days treatment.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87525540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-09DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i1304
M. Kurniawan, S. Sitepu, Gilang Aditya
The Body Condition Score relates to livestock reproduction, such as estrus, pregnancy, the birth process, and the condition of lambs. If the lamb has a bodyweight exceeding the ideal body weight, the animal will experience reproductive disorders to metabolic diseases. However, if the mother sheep has a body weight less than ideal, it can disrupt the reproductive system, affecting the symbol interval. This research aims to find out the relationship between Body Condition Score and the reproductive performance of sheep in Langkat Regency, namely Service Per Conception and Lambing Interval. The study design is Deskriptif analysis. Research conducted in Langkat Regency, Indonesia, between November 2022 and January 2023.The method used in this research is a case study, namely by collecting primary and secondary data. The observed variables are Body Condition Score (BCS) and Lambing Interval. The results of the study are The value of the Body Condition Score with the Lambing Interval regression equation Y = 15.677-0.818X. (R2) 12.8%. (r) of 0.358. The relationship between Body Condition Score and Calving Interval is positive, with an R2 value of 12.8%. The conclusion of the research is The relationship between the lambs Body Condition Score (BCS) and the Lambing Interval had a good correlation with an average Calving Interval ranging from ≤8 to 9 months.
{"title":"Correlation between Sheep Body Condition Score and Lambing Interval in Langkat District of Indonesia","authors":"M. Kurniawan, S. Sitepu, Gilang Aditya","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i1304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i1304","url":null,"abstract":"The Body Condition Score relates to livestock reproduction, such as estrus, pregnancy, the birth process, and the condition of lambs. If the lamb has a bodyweight exceeding the ideal body weight, the animal will experience reproductive disorders to metabolic diseases. However, if the mother sheep has a body weight less than ideal, it can disrupt the reproductive system, affecting the symbol interval. This research aims to find out the relationship between Body Condition Score and the reproductive performance of sheep in Langkat Regency, namely Service Per Conception and Lambing Interval. The study design is Deskriptif analysis. Research conducted in Langkat Regency, Indonesia, between November 2022 and January 2023.The method used in this research is a case study, namely by collecting primary and secondary data. The observed variables are Body Condition Score (BCS) and Lambing Interval. The results of the study are The value of the Body Condition Score with the Lambing Interval regression equation Y = 15.677-0.818X. (R2) 12.8%. (r) of 0.358. The relationship between Body Condition Score and Calving Interval is positive, with an R2 value of 12.8%. The conclusion of the research is The relationship between the lambs Body Condition Score (BCS) and the Lambing Interval had a good correlation with an average Calving Interval ranging from ≤8 to 9 months.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77288817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-05DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i1303
C. Ezekwesili, O. Ezeigwe, R. Asomugha, C. Ekwunife, C. C. Ekwealor, Symbol Adindu, E. Orji
Background: Nauclea latifolia and Acalypha torta are medicinal plants found in Nigeria with scientifically validated anti-diabetic properties. Although these herbal preparations are derived from natural sources, some of them may still possess the potential to cause some adverse reactions on the vital organs of the body. Aim: This study was therefore designed to assess the chronic toxicological effects of orally administered aqueous extract of a combination of N. latifolia root and A. torta leaf on the liver, kidney, and heart of Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Hot aqueous extraction of the mixture of dried, pulverized samples was carried out for 24 hours at the laboratory temperature. After filtrations, the final filtrate was evaporated to dryness using Rotary Evaporator. Effects of the Nauclea latifolia Acalypha torta extract ( NLAT), on the liver, kidney, and heart were assessed following daily oral administration of the extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats at the dose of 100.0 mg/kg for six months. Changes in body weight and blood glucose levels were monitored. All the indices of liver, kidney, and heart functions were estimated with the aid of Randox Diagnostic Test Kits following the manufacturer’s methods and a total of eighty-four rats (120-150g) were used. Results: Results showed that the extract, NLAT, had a positive impact on body weight which correlates with the concomitant reduction in the average blood sugar levels. There was no observable significant differences (P>0.05) in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) when compared with the controls. Total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), creatinine, and urea levels were within the normal ranges. Histopathological evaluations showed no perturbation of the normal architectures of the liver, kidney and heart. Conclusion: The combination at the dose tested was well tolerated by the animals and there was no indication of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, or cardiotoxicity.
背景:核桃树(nalea latifolia)和白果树(Acalypha torta)是在尼日利亚发现的药用植物，具有科学验证的抗糖尿病特性。虽然这些草药制剂是从天然来源中提取的，但其中一些仍然可能对身体的重要器官造成一些不良反应。目的:本研究旨在评价经口给药的荷叶根和荷叶组合水提物对Wistar大鼠肝脏、肾脏和心脏的慢性毒理学作用。材料和方法:在实验室温度下，对干燥、粉碎的样品混合物进行24小时的热水萃取。过滤后的最终滤液用旋转蒸发器蒸发至干燥。以100.0 mg/kg剂量每日口服四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠，观察其对肝脏、肾脏和心脏的影响。监测体重和血糖水平的变化。采用Randox诊断试剂盒(Randox Diagnostic Test kit)，按照生产厂家的方法测定肝、肾、心功能的各项指标，共84只大鼠(120 ~ 150g)。结果:结果表明，nat提取物对体重有积极影响，并伴有平均血糖水平的降低。与对照组相比，谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性均无显著差异(P>0.05)。总胆红素(TB)、直接胆红素(DB)、肌酐和尿素水平均在正常范围内。组织病理学检查显示肝脏、肾脏和心脏的正常结构未受干扰。结论:试验剂量下的联合用药动物耐受良好，无肝毒性、肾毒性和心脏毒性的迹象。
{"title":"Chronic Toxicological Assessment of Aqueous Extract of a Combination of Nauclea latifolia Root and Acalypha torta Leaf on the Liver, Kidney and Heart of Wistar Rat","authors":"C. Ezekwesili, O. Ezeigwe, R. Asomugha, C. Ekwunife, C. C. Ekwealor, Symbol Adindu, E. Orji","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i1303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i1303","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nauclea latifolia and Acalypha torta are medicinal plants found in Nigeria with scientifically validated anti-diabetic properties. Although these herbal preparations are derived from natural sources, some of them may still possess the potential to cause some adverse reactions on the vital organs of the body. \u0000Aim: This study was therefore designed to assess the chronic toxicological effects of orally administered aqueous extract of a combination of N. latifolia root and A. torta leaf on the liver, kidney, and heart of Wistar rats. \u0000Materials and Methods: Hot aqueous extraction of the mixture of dried, pulverized samples was carried out for 24 hours at the laboratory temperature. After filtrations, the final filtrate was evaporated to dryness using Rotary Evaporator. Effects of the Nauclea latifolia Acalypha torta extract ( NLAT), on the liver, kidney, and heart were assessed following daily oral administration of the extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats at the dose of 100.0 mg/kg for six months. Changes in body weight and blood glucose levels were monitored. All the indices of liver, kidney, and heart functions were estimated with the aid of Randox Diagnostic Test Kits following the manufacturer’s methods and a total of eighty-four rats (120-150g) were used. \u0000Results: Results showed that the extract, NLAT, had a positive impact on body weight which correlates with the concomitant reduction in the average blood sugar levels. There was no observable significant differences (P>0.05) in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) when compared with the controls. Total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), creatinine, and urea levels were within the normal ranges. Histopathological evaluations showed no perturbation of the normal architectures of the liver, kidney and heart. \u0000Conclusion: The combination at the dose tested was well tolerated by the animals and there was no indication of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, or cardiotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88929651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-29DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i4302
Ibiene Sarah Kalio, Echeonwu Victoria Chidinma, Margret Deinma Aleru-Chuku
Bryophyllum pinnatum has been consumed locally for various ailments without proper documentation of It’s effect on Lipid concentrations and cardiovascular risk indices in humans. This study sought to determine the effect of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract consumption on lipid concentrations and cardiovascular risk indices in apparently healthy individuals by estimating Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), Castelli Risk Index I and II, Total protein and Albumin in 15 apparently healthy individuals after consumption of 1.32g/180ml of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract for 14 days. Samples taken before the commencement of the study served as control samples, while samples collected on the 1st, 7th and 14thday after consumption of 1.32g/180ml of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract served as test samples. Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, High Density Lipoprotein were estimated using Colorimetric methods. Total protein was estimated using Biuret method while Albumin was estimated using Bromocresol green method. The results showed that levels of LDL(1.04±0.44mmol/l), AIP(-0.34±0.09), Castelli index I (2.16±0.53) and Castelli index II(0.94±0.47) were significantly reduced (p<0.05) after 7 days of consumption when compared to control LDL(2.65±0.18mmol/l),AIP(-0.15±0.18), Castelli index I (3.84±0.32) and Castelli index II(2.44±0.33).Further comparism of levels of LDL(2.22±0.74mmol/l),AIP((-0.15±0.18), Castellic index I ((3.74±1.80) and Castellic index II (2.42±0.98) after 14 days of consumption with levels after 7 days LDL(1.04±0.44mmol/l), AIP(-0.34±0.09), Castelli index I (2.16±0.53) and Castelli index II(0.94±0.47) showed significant increase (p< 0.05). Results obtained suggest that short term consumption of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract would reduce cardiovascular risk indices in humans but continuous long term use can predispose consumers to increased risk of developing cardiovascular pathological consequences.
在没有适当的文献记载的情况下，斑叶苔藓对人体脂质浓度和心血管危险指数的影响已经在当地被用于治疗各种疾病。本研究旨在通过测定总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数(AIP)、Castelli风险指数I和II等指标，探讨苔藓叶提取物对表面健康个体脂质浓度和心血管危险指数的影响。15例明显健康个体在饮用1.32g/180ml苔藓叶提取物14天后的总蛋白和白蛋白变化。研究开始前采集的样品为对照样品，在消耗1.32g/180ml的羽状苔藓叶提取物后的第1、7、14日采集的样品为测试样品。用比色法测定总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白。总蛋白用双缩脲法测定，白蛋白用溴甲酚绿法测定。结果表明，与对照组LDL(2.65±0.18mmol/l)、AIP(-0.34±0.09)、Castelli index I(2.16±0.53)、Castelli index II(2.94±0.47)、AIP(-0.15±0.18)、Castelli index I(3.84±0.32)、Castelli index II(2.44±0.33)相比，食用7 d后LDL(1.04±0.44mmol/l)、AIP(-0.34±0.09)水平显著降低(p<0.05)。进一步比较食用14天后LDL(2.22±0.74mmol/l)、AIP(-0.15±0.18)、Castelli指数I((3.74±1.80)、Castelli指数II(2.42±0.98)水平与食用7天后LDL(1.04±0.44mmol/l)、AIP(-0.34±0.09)、Castelli指数I(2.16±0.53)、Castelli指数II(0.94±0.47)水平均有显著升高(p< 0.05)。研究结果表明，短期食用青叶提取物可降低人类心血管风险指数，但长期持续食用会使消费者发生心血管病理后果的风险增加。
{"title":"Effect of Bryophyllum pinnatum Leaf Extract Consumption on Lipid Concentrations and Cardiovascular Risk Indices in Apparently Healthy Individuals","authors":"Ibiene Sarah Kalio, Echeonwu Victoria Chidinma, Margret Deinma Aleru-Chuku","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i4302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i4302","url":null,"abstract":"Bryophyllum pinnatum has been consumed locally for various ailments without proper documentation of It’s effect on Lipid concentrations and cardiovascular risk indices in humans. This study sought to determine the effect of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract consumption on lipid concentrations and cardiovascular risk indices in apparently healthy individuals by estimating Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), Castelli Risk Index I and II, Total protein and Albumin in 15 apparently healthy individuals after consumption of 1.32g/180ml of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract for 14 days. Samples taken before the commencement of the study served as control samples, while samples collected on the 1st, 7th and 14thday after consumption of 1.32g/180ml of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract served as test samples. Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, High Density Lipoprotein were estimated using Colorimetric methods. Total protein was estimated using Biuret method while Albumin was estimated using Bromocresol green method. The results showed that levels of LDL(1.04±0.44mmol/l), AIP(-0.34±0.09), Castelli index I (2.16±0.53) and Castelli index II(0.94±0.47) were significantly reduced (p<0.05) after 7 days of consumption when compared to control LDL(2.65±0.18mmol/l),AIP(-0.15±0.18), Castelli index I (3.84±0.32) and Castelli index II(2.44±0.33).Further comparism of levels of LDL(2.22±0.74mmol/l),AIP((-0.15±0.18), Castellic index I ((3.74±1.80) and Castellic index II (2.42±0.98) after 14 days of consumption with levels after 7 days LDL(1.04±0.44mmol/l), AIP(-0.34±0.09), Castelli index I (2.16±0.53) and Castelli index II(0.94±0.47) showed significant increase (p< 0.05). Results obtained suggest that short term consumption of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract would reduce cardiovascular risk indices in humans but continuous long term use can predispose consumers to increased risk of developing cardiovascular pathological consequences.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74749206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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