Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i4246
Neha Godha, S. Ameta
Magnesium ferrite was used to catalyse the Benzil-Benzilic acid rearrangement reaction of 1,2-rearrangement of 1,2-diketones to α-hydroxy carboxylic acids in presence of a base. Magnesium ferrite was prepared by hydrothermal process. It was characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The crystalline size of magnesium ferrite was found to have 82.47nm and these are irregular in shape. It was found that the yield of the product (benzilic acid) in the presence of Mg ferrite was 81.6%, which is almost 2.3 times the yield obtained in the absence of catalyst. A comparative study was made with different metal ferrites as catalyst and it was found that the activity of metal ferrites followed the order: MgFe2O4 > Cu Fe2O4 > Ni Fe2O4 > Co Fe2O4 > Zn Fe2O4
用铁氧体镁催化了1,2-二酮在碱存在下1,2-重排成α-羟基羧酸的苯基-苯甲酸重排反应。采用水热法制备了铁氧体镁。采用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、x射线衍射光谱(XRD)和能量色散x射线光谱(EDX)对其进行了表征。铁素体镁的晶粒尺寸为82.47nm，形状不规则。结果表明，在铁酸镁存在下，苯甲酸的产率为81.6%，是无催化剂条件下的2.3倍。对比研究了不同金属铁氧体催化剂的催化活性，发现金属铁氧体的催化活性顺序为:MgFe2O4 > Cu Fe2O4 > Ni Fe2O4 > Co Fe2O4 > Zn Fe2O4
{"title":"Use of Some Metalferrites as Catalyst in Benzil-Benzilicacid Rearrangement Reaction","authors":"Neha Godha, S. Ameta","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i4246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i4246","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium ferrite was used to catalyse the Benzil-Benzilic acid rearrangement reaction of 1,2-rearrangement of 1,2-diketones to α-hydroxy carboxylic acids in presence of a base. Magnesium ferrite was prepared by hydrothermal process. It was characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The crystalline size of magnesium ferrite was found to have 82.47nm and these are irregular in shape. It was found that the yield of the product (benzilic acid) in the presence of Mg ferrite was 81.6%, which is almost 2.3 times the yield obtained in the absence of catalyst. A comparative study was made with different metal ferrites as catalyst and it was found that the activity of metal ferrites followed the order:\u0000MgFe2O4 > Cu Fe2O4 > Ni Fe2O4 > Co Fe2O4 > Zn Fe2O4","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91017923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i4245
Marielle Anastasie Zali, Martin Fonkoua, C. D. Daboy, William Arnold Tazon, David Goda, Dupon Ambamba Akamba, Jules Vidal Nanhah, J. Ngondi
Oxidative stress (OS) is the imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's antioxidant defenses in favor of ROS. ROS are chemical species that can be neutralized by natural phytochemicals like phenolic compounds present in medicinal plants and whose extraction depends on the solvent system used. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of two extraction solvents on the polyphenols content and antioxidant activity of Alstonia boonei barks. For this, the bark of A. boonei were harvested, processed, dried and ground, then the powder was macerated in two solvent systems (water and water-ethanol). Subsequently, the quantitative phytochemical analysis of the different extractions was done by evaluating total polyphenols content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC) and alkaloids; followed by an in vitro evaluation of the antioxidants activity through radicals scavenging (DPPH and NO.) and the reducing power of ferric iron to ferrous iron. The relationship between antioxidant potential (DPPH, NO and FRAP) and polyphenols (total polyphenols and total flavonoids) was investigated using simple linear regression. It appears that the aqueous extract allowed better extraction of phenolic compounds from A. boonei bark; and exhibited better antioxidant activity. In addition, a strong correlation (r and R2) was found between polyphenols (TPC and TFC) and antioxidant activity (DPPH, NO and FRAPP). Thus, we preferably recommend the use of water as a solvent for traditional preparations of A. Boonei bark extract for therapeutic purposes.
{"title":"Comparative Study of the Effect of Two Extraction Solvents on Polyphenols Content and Antioxidant Activity of Alstonia Boonei Bark","authors":"Marielle Anastasie Zali, Martin Fonkoua, C. D. Daboy, William Arnold Tazon, David Goda, Dupon Ambamba Akamba, Jules Vidal Nanhah, J. Ngondi","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i4245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i4245","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidative stress (OS) is the imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's antioxidant defenses in favor of ROS. ROS are chemical species that can be neutralized by natural phytochemicals like phenolic compounds present in medicinal plants and whose extraction depends on the solvent system used. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of two extraction solvents on the polyphenols content and antioxidant activity of Alstonia boonei barks. For this, the bark of A. boonei were harvested, processed, dried and ground, then the powder was macerated in two solvent systems (water and water-ethanol). Subsequently, the quantitative phytochemical analysis of the different extractions was done by evaluating total polyphenols content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC) and alkaloids; followed by an in vitro evaluation of the antioxidants activity through radicals scavenging (DPPH and NO.) and the reducing power of ferric iron to ferrous iron. The relationship between antioxidant potential (DPPH, NO and FRAP) and polyphenols (total polyphenols and total flavonoids) was investigated using simple linear regression. It appears that the aqueous extract allowed better extraction of phenolic compounds from A. boonei bark; and exhibited better antioxidant activity. In addition, a strong correlation (r and R2) was found between polyphenols (TPC and TFC) and antioxidant activity (DPPH, NO and FRAPP). Thus, we preferably recommend the use of water as a solvent for traditional preparations of A. Boonei bark extract for therapeutic purposes.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76083531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-09DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i4244
Anyanele, Sylvalyn Ijeoma, A. I. Egbulefu, A. W. Chibuzo, Umeokoli, Blessing Ogechukwu, Modozie, Benjamin Uchenna
This research work was carried out to determine the phytochemicals and elemental constituents present in the leaf and stem of Amaranthus spinosus. The atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis was carried out using the crushed dry plant materials while the extraction of the phytochemicals was carried out using methanol in a Soxhlet extractor. From the analysis done, the following elements were detected in the plant parts: cobalt, lead, manganese, nickel, copper, cadmium, magnesium, iron, chromium and calcium but nickel was found absent in the leaf. Some of these elements are beneficial to health. The phytochemical screening done indicated the presence of the following: alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, volatile oils, proteins, and carbohydrates.
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic Analysis of the Leaf and Stem Extracts of Amaranthus Spinosus","authors":"Anyanele, Sylvalyn Ijeoma, A. I. Egbulefu, A. W. Chibuzo, Umeokoli, Blessing Ogechukwu, Modozie, Benjamin Uchenna","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i4244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i4244","url":null,"abstract":"This research work was carried out to determine the phytochemicals and elemental constituents present in the leaf and stem of Amaranthus spinosus. The atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis was carried out using the crushed dry plant materials while the extraction of the phytochemicals was carried out using methanol in a Soxhlet extractor. From the analysis done, the following elements were detected in the plant parts: cobalt, lead, manganese, nickel, copper, cadmium, magnesium, iron, chromium and calcium but nickel was found absent in the leaf. Some of these elements are beneficial to health. The phytochemical screening done indicated the presence of the following: alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, volatile oils, proteins, and carbohydrates.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82457211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-05DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i3243
R. Silva, W. K. D. L. K. Walpita
Boron containing alloy steels are mainly used in constructional, automotive and many other applications. The presence of even trace amounts of boron affects greatly on the properties of steel such as hardness and machinability. Therefore, it is important to determine it accurately and precisely in the manufacture of these alloys. Due to the drawbacks of common advanced techniques such as Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), the universally accepted method for determination of boron in steel is the spectrophotometric method using curcumin as an auxiliary agent. Although curcumin is the most sensitive spectrophotometric reagent for the above analysis, synthetic curcumin is relatively expensive and it tends to degrade rapidly once it is exposed to air. Furthermore this method is time consuming. Therefore, this study was carried out in order to improve and optimize the available spectroscopic method and to investigate the possibility of using natural curcumin extracted from turmeric in the above analysis. The results of the study implied that natural curcumin extracted and purified from turmeric can be used as accurately and precisely as synthetic curcumin in the analysis of boron in steel. A boron-steel alloy sample found to be containing 0.26±0.01 percent of boron with synthetic curcumin gave a concentration of 0.25±0.00 percent of boron with natural curcumin, indicating no significant difference in the determination. A steel sample found to be containing 0.27±0.01 percent of boron with filter paper ashing step gave a concentration of 0.26±0.01 percent of boron without filter paper ashing step indicating no significant difference. Altering the refluxing step of current procedure significantly changes the concentration of boron indicating that the refluxing step cannot be optimized further.
{"title":"Optimization of Curcumin Method and Usage of Natural Curcumin in Determination of Boron in Steel","authors":"R. Silva, W. K. D. L. K. Walpita","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i3243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i3243","url":null,"abstract":"Boron containing alloy steels are mainly used in constructional, automotive and many other applications. The presence of even trace amounts of boron affects greatly on the properties of steel such as hardness and machinability. Therefore, it is important to determine it accurately and precisely in the manufacture of these alloys. Due to the drawbacks of common advanced techniques such as Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), the universally accepted method for determination of boron in steel is the spectrophotometric method using curcumin as an auxiliary agent. \u0000Although curcumin is the most sensitive spectrophotometric reagent for the above analysis, synthetic curcumin is relatively expensive and it tends to degrade rapidly once it is exposed to air. Furthermore this method is time consuming. Therefore, this study was carried out in order to improve and optimize the available spectroscopic method and to investigate the possibility of using natural curcumin extracted from turmeric in the above analysis. \u0000The results of the study implied that natural curcumin extracted and purified from turmeric can be used as accurately and precisely as synthetic curcumin in the analysis of boron in steel. A boron-steel alloy sample found to be containing 0.26±0.01 percent of boron with synthetic curcumin gave a concentration of 0.25±0.00 percent of boron with natural curcumin, indicating no significant difference in the determination. A steel sample found to be containing 0.27±0.01 percent of boron with filter paper ashing step gave a concentration of 0.26±0.01 percent of boron without filter paper ashing step indicating no significant difference. Altering the refluxing step of current procedure significantly changes the concentration of boron indicating that the refluxing step cannot be optimized further.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89654207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i3242
A. Parmanov, S. Nurmanov, Mirjalol E. Ziyadullaev, Navro’za U. Bekboyeva, Nizombek D. Xolmuhammedov, Shavkat Sh. Tursunov
In this work, we studied the processes of vinyl ester formation by the addition of benzoic acid to phenylacetylene in the presence of complex catalysts of diacetate-di (2-amino-5-methylthio-1,3,4-thiadiazolo) cobalt(II) ([Co(C3H5N3S2)2(CH3COO)2] and tetrakis(2-amino-5-ethylthio-1,3,4-thiadiazole)-zinc(II) dinitrate ([Zn(C4H7S2)4](NO3)2): 1-phenylvinyl benzoate and anti-Markovnikov coupling product - styryl benzoate were obtained. The effect of the nature of solvents on the yields of products in the presence of the [Zn(C4H7S2)4](NO3)2 complex catalyst was studied. The structure of the synthesized vinyl esters was proved by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopies.
{"title":"Catalytic Reaction with Benzoic Acid Phenylacetylene in the Presence of Complex Catalysts","authors":"A. Parmanov, S. Nurmanov, Mirjalol E. Ziyadullaev, Navro’za U. Bekboyeva, Nizombek D. Xolmuhammedov, Shavkat Sh. Tursunov","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i3242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i3242","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we studied the processes of vinyl ester formation by the addition of benzoic acid to phenylacetylene in the presence of complex catalysts of diacetate-di (2-amino-5-methylthio-1,3,4-thiadiazolo) cobalt(II) ([Co(C3H5N3S2)2(CH3COO)2] and tetrakis(2-amino-5-ethylthio-1,3,4-thiadiazole)-zinc(II) dinitrate ([Zn(C4H7S2)4](NO3)2): 1-phenylvinyl benzoate and anti-Markovnikov coupling product - styryl benzoate were obtained. The effect of the nature of solvents on the yields of products in the presence of the [Zn(C4H7S2)4](NO3)2 complex catalyst was studied. The structure of the synthesized vinyl esters was proved by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopies.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75804296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i3241
Vincent Rouamba, Lassane Ouedraogo, M. Compaoré, Hémayero Sama, M. Kiendrebeogo
Aims: This study aimed to compare local variants of X. americana with optimal properties for production in the food and phytomedicine industry. Methodology: The plant material was collected from three sites in Burkina Faso, namely Gonsé, Saponé and Kokologho from May to June 2021. The oil yield was estimated and the physicochemical parameters were performed according to ISO standards. Phytochemical screening of polyphenols and flavonoids was carried out and the antioxidant activities of the oils from different trees were evaluated using DPPH and ABTS tests. Results: The average oil extraction yield for the three variants was 42.30 ± 14.34%.The estimated colour oil was yellow. The oil refraction index indicated that the Gonsé site (1.471 ± 0.002) has the highest value. The highest oil temperature value was obtained from Kokologho trees (30.60 ± 0.21°C) followed by the ones collected at Gonsé (22.63 ± 1.72°C) and Saponé (22.60 ± 0.41°C). The oil acid value of almonds from all three sites with an average value of 0.023 ± 0.013 mg KOH/g was lower than the international standard ISO 660-2020. The Saponé and Kokologho sites exhibited the highest oil peroxide values of 0.040 ± 0.000 mEq O2/kg on either side, while the lowest peroxide value was found at Gonsé (0.021 ± 0.000 mEq O2/kg). The highest saponification value is that of Kokologho with a value of 84.81 ± 4.18 mg KOH/g. The polyphenol and flavonoid content of almond oil vary within a site and between sites. Oil extracts have shown free radical scavenging capabilities (DPPH and ABTS) indicating substantial polyphenol and flavonoid content. Conclusion: The oil has very good quality and fulfills all standard requirements for use in the phytomedicine and food industry. A mass selection can be performed within the three sites for X. americana plantation in agroforestry systems.
{"title":"Comparative Physicochemical, Phytochemical Parameters and antiradical activities of Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae) Almond Oils from three Locals Variants","authors":"Vincent Rouamba, Lassane Ouedraogo, M. Compaoré, Hémayero Sama, M. Kiendrebeogo","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i3241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i3241","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aimed to compare local variants of X. americana with optimal properties for production in the food and phytomedicine industry. \u0000Methodology: The plant material was collected from three sites in Burkina Faso, namely Gonsé, Saponé and Kokologho from May to June 2021. The oil yield was estimated and the physicochemical parameters were performed according to ISO standards. Phytochemical screening of polyphenols and flavonoids was carried out and the antioxidant activities of the oils from different trees were evaluated using DPPH and ABTS tests. \u0000Results: The average oil extraction yield for the three variants was 42.30 ± 14.34%.The estimated colour oil was yellow. The oil refraction index indicated that the Gonsé site (1.471 ± 0.002) has the highest value. The highest oil temperature value was obtained from Kokologho trees (30.60 ± 0.21°C) followed by the ones collected at Gonsé (22.63 ± 1.72°C) and Saponé (22.60 ± 0.41°C). The oil acid value of almonds from all three sites with an average value of 0.023 ± 0.013 mg KOH/g was lower than the international standard ISO 660-2020. The Saponé and Kokologho sites exhibited the highest oil peroxide values of 0.040 ± 0.000 mEq O2/kg on either side, while the lowest peroxide value was found at Gonsé (0.021 ± 0.000 mEq O2/kg). The highest saponification value is that of Kokologho with a value of 84.81 ± 4.18 mg KOH/g. The polyphenol and flavonoid content of almond oil vary within a site and between sites. Oil extracts have shown free radical scavenging capabilities (DPPH and ABTS) indicating substantial polyphenol and flavonoid content. \u0000Conclusion: The oil has very good quality and fulfills all standard requirements for use in the phytomedicine and food industry. A mass selection can be performed within the three sites for X. americana plantation in agroforestry systems.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83142506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i3240
Moses Okeahialam Ekeoma, Verla Evelyn Ngozi, Paulinus Rachael, Mbuka-Nwosu Iheoma Ezichi, V. A. Wirnkor
Fresh water has continued to decrease both in quality and quantity with a wide variety of pollutants entering into fresh water resources. In this research the quality of fresh water was being accessed using standard method of analysis of water. Physiochemical parameters and heavy metal content were determined and data was assessed using contamination factors, degree of contamination and pollution load index result revealed that borehole water at Esako west LGA was slightly contaminated by phosphate (0.16 mg/l) and over 5 times the WHO standard. The acidic water (pH 6) was observed over 200 mg/l of carbon dioxide the contamination factor for zinc were generally greater than 1, while other parameter had values of contamination factors less than 1. In conclusion, borehole water at Esako west contaminated and slightly polluted through the locals continued to consume this water, there is a need for treatment to remove phosphate whose source may be from phosphate rocks in the area or sipping from phosphate fertilizer in farms.
淡水的质量和数量都在不断下降，各种各样的污染物进入淡水资源。本研究采用标准的水质分析方法对淡水水质进行了评价。采用污染因子、污染程度和污染负荷指数对数据进行了评价，结果表明，Esako west LGA井水的磷酸盐含量为0.16 mg/l，为WHO标准的5倍以上。当二氧化碳浓度超过200 mg/l时，酸性水(pH 6)对锌的污染系数普遍大于1，而其他参数的污染系数均小于1。综上所述，Esako西部的井水受到了污染和轻微污染，当地人继续饮用这些水，需要进行处理以去除磷酸盐，其来源可能来自该地区的磷矿或农场的磷肥。
{"title":"Profiling the Contamination Level and Pollution Load Index of Borehole Water from Esako West LGA, Edo State, Nigeria","authors":"Moses Okeahialam Ekeoma, Verla Evelyn Ngozi, Paulinus Rachael, Mbuka-Nwosu Iheoma Ezichi, V. A. Wirnkor","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i3240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i3240","url":null,"abstract":"Fresh water has continued to decrease both in quality and quantity with a wide variety of pollutants entering into fresh water resources. In this research the quality of fresh water was being accessed using standard method of analysis of water. Physiochemical parameters and heavy metal content were determined and data was assessed using contamination factors, degree of contamination and pollution load index result revealed that borehole water at Esako west LGA was slightly contaminated by phosphate (0.16 mg/l) and over 5 times the WHO standard. The acidic water (pH 6) was observed over 200 mg/l of carbon dioxide the contamination factor for zinc were generally greater than 1, while other parameter had values of contamination factors less than 1. In conclusion, borehole water at Esako west contaminated and slightly polluted through the locals continued to consume this water, there is a need for treatment to remove phosphate whose source may be from phosphate rocks in the area or sipping from phosphate fertilizer in farms.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89008115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i3239
F. Jones, I. Anweting, I. E. Okon, K. Andem
The kinetics of redox reaction between caffeine (hereafter referred to as CAF) and permanganate ion [MnO4-] has been studied spectrophotometrically in aqueous sulfuric acid medium. One mole of CAF was oxidized by one mole of [MnO4-].The reaction showed first-order kinetics with respect to both [CAF] and [MnO4-]. The investigation was carried out under pseudo-first order condition atI= 0.5 mol dm–3, (Na2SO4), T = 24± 0.1℃ and [H+] = 1.0 × 10–1mol dm-3. The reaction obeys the rate law: -d[MnO4-]/dt = (a+b [H+]) [CAF ] [MnO4-]. The reaction was retarded by increased in ionic strength of the reaction medium. The rate of the reaction showed dependence on acid (in the range used).Added anions and cations were observed to catalyze the reaction rate. Spectroscopic investigation and kinetic study did not suggest intermediate complex formation. An outer–sphere mechanism is proposed for the reaction.
{"title":"Spectrophotometric Study of Kinetics of Redox Reaction between Caffeine and Permanganate Ion in Aqueous Acidic Medium","authors":"F. Jones, I. Anweting, I. E. Okon, K. Andem","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i3239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i3239","url":null,"abstract":"The kinetics of redox reaction between caffeine (hereafter referred to as CAF) and permanganate ion [MnO4-] has been studied spectrophotometrically in aqueous sulfuric acid medium. One mole of CAF was oxidized by one mole of [MnO4-].The reaction showed first-order kinetics with respect to both [CAF] and [MnO4-]. The investigation was carried out under pseudo-first order condition atI= 0.5 mol dm–3, (Na2SO4), T = 24± 0.1℃ and [H+] = 1.0 × 10–1mol dm-3. The reaction obeys the rate law: -d[MnO4-]/dt = (a+b [H+]) [CAF ] [MnO4-]. The reaction was retarded by increased in ionic strength of the reaction medium. The rate of the reaction showed dependence on acid (in the range used).Added anions and cations were observed to catalyze the reaction rate. Spectroscopic investigation and kinetic study did not suggest intermediate complex formation. An outer–sphere mechanism is proposed for the reaction.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88617365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i2238
D. Iga, D. Popescu, V. Niculescu
A criterion for systematization of organic compounds is described. Organic compounds (estimated to 16-20 millions) are of three types: (A) symmetric (especially meso and C2 symmetric), (B) possible symmetry generators, i.e. compounds possessing a real or imaginary, but plausible, symmetric correspondent: irrechi (from irregular distribution of chiral carbons) and constitutional), and (C) archaic (or primitive) that are neither symmetric nor possible symmetry generators. Symmetric compounds are a minority in organic chemistry. The three groups are (bio) chemically interchangeable. In preceding papers we have demonstrated that almost all natural micromolecular combinations are either symmetric or possible symmetry generators; archaic (primitive) type is also represented in natural chemistry. On the other hand, it should be stressed that symmetric compounds, both meso and C2 symmetrical (C2 symm.) have been found almost exclusively in plants and microorganisms, and they are usually produced from constitutional (constit.) precursors. A series of symmetrization/desymmetrization reactions are presented, and the proof is evidenced that they can establish a new and coherent concept in biochemistry and organic chemistry. Symmetrization reactions can be followed according to chemical type involved: oxidation, cyclization, esterification, glycosylation, methylation, etc. This approach is valid to all major classes of compounds. A dendrimeric relationship is presented within molecular formulae.
{"title":"Biochemical Symmetrization/ Desymmetrization of Organic Compounds: Dendrimeric Relationship with Molecular Formulas","authors":"D. Iga, D. Popescu, V. Niculescu","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i2238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i2238","url":null,"abstract":"A criterion for systematization of organic compounds is described. Organic compounds (estimated to 16-20 millions) are of three types: (A) symmetric (especially meso and C2 symmetric), (B) possible symmetry generators, i.e. compounds possessing a real or imaginary, but plausible, symmetric correspondent: irrechi (from irregular distribution of chiral carbons) and constitutional), and (C) archaic (or primitive) that are neither symmetric nor possible symmetry generators. Symmetric compounds are a minority in organic chemistry. The three groups are (bio) chemically interchangeable. In preceding papers we have demonstrated that almost all natural micromolecular combinations are either symmetric or possible symmetry generators; archaic (primitive) type is also represented in natural chemistry. On the other hand, it should be stressed that symmetric compounds, both meso and C2 symmetrical (C2 symm.) have been found almost exclusively in plants and microorganisms, and they are usually produced from constitutional (constit.) precursors. A series of symmetrization/desymmetrization reactions are presented, and the proof is evidenced that they can establish a new and coherent concept in biochemistry and organic chemistry. Symmetrization reactions can be followed according to chemical type involved: oxidation, cyclization, esterification, glycosylation, methylation, etc. This approach is valid to all major classes of compounds. A dendrimeric relationship is presented within molecular formulae.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76999072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i2237
S. Tasleem, Satish Kumar Bomma
This paper presents simulation studies on the recovery of Acetonitrile from aqueous Acetonitrile waste from pharmaceutical processes. The focus is on atmospheric distillation in two sequential columns to understand the separation feasibility of the system; the first column produces a distillate of azeotropic composition, which is mixed with a fresh stream and fed to a second column, which produces a 99.9% pure Acetonitrile in the residue. The effect of reflux ratio, reboiler duty and the fresh stream flowrate on the purity of the product is analyzed. The study was performed using steady state simulator Aspen Plus, version 11.1. The simulation results indicate that it is possible to obtain a product of 99.9% w/w Acetonitrile from a 1:1 feed with a recovery of ~ 60%.
本文对从制药过程中产生的乙腈废液中回收乙腈进行了模拟研究。重点是常压精馏在两个顺序塔，以了解分离系统的可行性;第一塔产生共沸组分的馏出物，将其与新鲜液混合并送入第二塔，在残留物中产生纯度为99.9%的乙腈。分析了回流比、再沸器负荷和鲜流流量对产品纯度的影响。该研究使用稳态模拟器Aspen Plus 11.1版本进行。模拟结果表明，在1:1的进料条件下，可以获得99.9% w/w的乙腈产品，回收率约为60%。
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