Pub Date : 2024-06-14DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i3311
Leiyami Ahungshi, Pranab Ghosh, Mainual Hoque
The gradual reduction of worldwide crude oil stores, increasing costs of crude oil, and escalating environmental worries are critical matters with the capacity to profoundly affect human existence. Meeting these challenges necessitates researchers' dedicated focus on discovering alternative solutions and advancing the creation of a sustainable ecosystem.This research seeks to tackle these issues by creating homopolymers of castor oil (CO) and copolymers using Castor oil and n-butyl acrylate, without solvent. The process uses benzoyl peroxide (BZP) as the initiator for polymerization, and the resulting polymers are tested for their effectiveness as additives in lubricating oils. Analyzing the synthesized polymers entails utilizing spectroscopic methods like FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy for characterization purposes. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) is employed to evaluate thermal stability, while gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is utilized to ascertain molecular weight. The effectiveness of additives in enhancing viscosity index (VI) and reducing pour point (PP) is being examined through the ASTM procedure using the SN150 mineral oil standard. The disk diffusion method was utilized to evaluate the biodegradability of various polymers. The results from the experiment and the analysis of the data suggest that the copolymer shows potential as a versatile lubricating oil additive when compared to the homopolymer. Furthermore, elevating the concentration of n-butyl acrylate within the copolymer leads to heightened average molecular weight, better thermal stability, and superior effectiveness as a viscosity index improver (VII) and pour point depressant (PPD). This implies that modifying the copolymer's makeup can enhance its molecular properties and effectiveness when used as an additive in lubricating oil.
{"title":"Development and Evaluation of Castor Oil-Based Additives for Sustainable Lubricating Oils","authors":"Leiyami Ahungshi, Pranab Ghosh, Mainual Hoque","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i3311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i3311","url":null,"abstract":"The gradual reduction of worldwide crude oil stores, increasing costs of crude oil, and escalating environmental worries are critical matters with the capacity to profoundly affect human existence. Meeting these challenges necessitates researchers' dedicated focus on discovering alternative solutions and advancing the creation of a sustainable ecosystem.This research seeks to tackle these issues by creating homopolymers of castor oil (CO) and copolymers using Castor oil and n-butyl acrylate, without solvent. The process uses benzoyl peroxide (BZP) as the initiator for polymerization, and the resulting polymers are tested for their effectiveness as additives in lubricating oils. Analyzing the synthesized polymers entails utilizing spectroscopic methods like FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy for characterization purposes. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) is employed to evaluate thermal stability, while gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is utilized to ascertain molecular weight. The effectiveness of additives in enhancing viscosity index (VI) and reducing pour point (PP) is being examined through the ASTM procedure using the SN150 mineral oil standard. The disk diffusion method was utilized to evaluate the biodegradability of various polymers. The results from the experiment and the analysis of the data suggest that the copolymer shows potential as a versatile lubricating oil additive when compared to the homopolymer. Furthermore, elevating the concentration of n-butyl acrylate within the copolymer leads to heightened average molecular weight, better thermal stability, and superior effectiveness as a viscosity index improver (VII) and pour point depressant (PPD). This implies that modifying the copolymer's makeup can enhance its molecular properties and effectiveness when used as an additive in lubricating oil.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141344388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i3310
Nouran Yousri, Hesham H. El-Feky, Mostafa Y. Nassar, Alaa S. Amin
We herein report a direct and facile hydrothermal method for the preparation of zero-valent silver nanoparticles using a mixture of ascorbic acid/starch as a reducing agent. The average crystallite size of the prepared Ag0 nanoparticles was ca. 46.7 nm. The zero-valent silver nano-products were characterized by using FT-IR, FE-SEM, and XRD analyses. In addition, this work shows an improved synthesis of graphene oxide nanoparticles. The average crystallite size of the prepared graphene-oxide nanoparticles was ca. 6.0nm. The graphene oxide nanoparticles were also characterized by using FT-IR, FE-SEM, and XRD analyses.
{"title":"Nanoscale Zero-valent Silver and Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles: Facile Synthesis and Characterization","authors":"Nouran Yousri, Hesham H. El-Feky, Mostafa Y. Nassar, Alaa S. Amin","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i3310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i3310","url":null,"abstract":"We herein report a direct and facile hydrothermal method for the preparation of zero-valent silver nanoparticles using a mixture of ascorbic acid/starch as a reducing agent. The average crystallite size of the prepared Ag0 nanoparticles was ca. 46.7 nm. The zero-valent silver nano-products were characterized by using FT-IR, FE-SEM, and XRD analyses. In addition, this work shows an improved synthesis of graphene oxide nanoparticles. The average crystallite size of the prepared graphene-oxide nanoparticles was ca. 6.0nm. The graphene oxide nanoparticles were also characterized by using FT-IR, FE-SEM, and XRD analyses.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141371839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-19DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i3308
Himansulal Nayak
This article discusses the impact of adding organic additives like glycine (GLY), sucrose (SUC), and saccharine (SACCH) on the electrical characteristics and microstructure of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD), which is made from an acidic aqueous sulphate solution. The structure and chemistry of EMD were ascertained by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To assess the material's potential for use in alkaline batteries, its charge-discharge properties were ascertained. It was found that the majority of MnO2 in all the EMD samples was in the γ-phase, which is electrochemically active and useful for energy storage applications. When glycine, sucrose, and saccharine were added to the solution as organic additives, the electrochemical deposition of manganese dioxide (MnO2) resulted in an increase in current efficiency and a decrease in energy consumption. The SEM images demonstrated that when EMD was deposited with an additive, small grain sizes and discrete particles free of agglomeration were formed, but large grain sizes were obtained in the absence of additives. Charge-discharge characteristics suggested that the additions improve the ability of MnO2 structure to store energy. This suggested that the additions may have an impact on the morphology and size of the particles, and consequently, the electrochemical activities of the material that was electrodeposited. In the case of the additives examined in this paper, the outcome was the creation of a material with possible use in battery technology.
{"title":"Synthesis of Nano-electrolytic Manganese Dioxide for Alkaline Batteries Mediated by Organic Additives","authors":"Himansulal Nayak","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i3308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i3308","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the impact of adding organic additives like glycine (GLY), sucrose (SUC), and saccharine (SACCH) on the electrical characteristics and microstructure of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD), which is made from an acidic aqueous sulphate solution. The structure and chemistry of EMD were ascertained by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To assess the material's potential for use in alkaline batteries, its charge-discharge properties were ascertained. It was found that the majority of MnO2 in all the EMD samples was in the γ-phase, which is electrochemically active and useful for energy storage applications. When glycine, sucrose, and saccharine were added to the solution as organic additives, the electrochemical deposition of manganese dioxide (MnO2) resulted in an increase in current efficiency and a decrease in energy consumption. The SEM images demonstrated that when EMD was deposited with an additive, small grain sizes and discrete particles free of agglomeration were formed, but large grain sizes were obtained in the absence of additives. Charge-discharge characteristics suggested that the additions improve the ability of MnO2 structure to store energy. This suggested that the additions may have an impact on the morphology and size of the particles, and consequently, the electrochemical activities of the material that was electrodeposited. In the case of the additives examined in this paper, the outcome was the creation of a material with possible use in battery technology. \u0000","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141123857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-18DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i3307
Rasmane Tiendrebéogo, Yacouba Sanou, S. Paré, Aboubacar Senou
Arsenic pollution is a public health hazard in Burkina Faso due to its impact on human health and water resources. To mitigate this pollution, ferrihydrite material has been synthesized and characterized to be used as adsorbent for arsenic removal in aqueous solutions. This study aimed to contribute to improve of access to clean drinking water by removing arsenic from water using ferrihydrite. Arsenic species such as As(III) and As(V) were removed through batch adsorption. Experiments were carried out in batch mode using arsenic aqueous solutions. The characterization of ferrihydrite using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared (IR), and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) showed that an amorphous and microporous 2-line ferrihydrite. The total specific surface area and pH at point of zero charge (pHpzc) were 184.518 m²/g and 9.41, respectively. The optimal adsorbent doses were 4 g/L for As (V) and 8 g/L for As (III). The optimum pH range for the adsorption of As (V) and As (III) was between 2 and 10, The maximum adsorption capacity was 15.07 mg/g for As(V) and 13.01 mg/g for As(III) with increasing concentration between 2 and 16 mg/L. Equilibrium time for As (V) and As (III) on ferrihydrite was found to be 720 min and 960 min, respectively. The adsorption of As(V) and As(III) was consistent with the Langmuir monolayer model on ferrihydrite. Arsenic adsorption was occurred according to spontaneous chemical reaction. Arsenic removal was occurred on a monolayer following the pseudo-second order kinetic.
{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Ferrihydrite: Application in Arsenic Removal from Aqueous Solutions","authors":"Rasmane Tiendrebéogo, Yacouba Sanou, S. Paré, Aboubacar Senou","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i3307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i3307","url":null,"abstract":"Arsenic pollution is a public health hazard in Burkina Faso due to its impact on human health and water resources. To mitigate this pollution, ferrihydrite material has been synthesized and characterized to be used as adsorbent for arsenic removal in aqueous solutions. This study aimed to contribute to improve of access to clean drinking water by removing arsenic from water using ferrihydrite. Arsenic species such as As(III) and As(V) were removed through batch adsorption. Experiments were carried out in batch mode using arsenic aqueous solutions. The characterization of ferrihydrite using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared (IR), and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) showed that an amorphous and microporous 2-line ferrihydrite. The total specific surface area and pH at point of zero charge (pHpzc) were 184.518 m²/g and 9.41, respectively. The optimal adsorbent doses were 4 g/L for As (V) and 8 g/L for As (III). The optimum pH range for the adsorption of As (V) and As (III) was between 2 and 10, The maximum adsorption capacity was 15.07 mg/g for As(V) and 13.01 mg/g for As(III) with increasing concentration between 2 and 16 mg/L. Equilibrium time for As (V) and As (III) on ferrihydrite was found to be 720 min and 960 min, respectively. The adsorption of As(V) and As(III) was consistent with the Langmuir monolayer model on ferrihydrite. Arsenic adsorption was occurred according to spontaneous chemical reaction. Arsenic removal was occurred on a monolayer following the pseudo-second order kinetic.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141125562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-04DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i3306
Babacar Diop, T. Seck, Cheikh Ndoye, I. Thiam, O. Diouf, F. Tamboura, Pascal Retailleau, M. Gaye
A new Co(III) complex prepared by the reaction of N'–(1–(pyridin–2 yl)ethylidene) isonicotinohydrazide (H2L) with Co(II) ion is reported in this paper. The H2L ligand is structurally characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, and infrared spectroscopies. The mononuclear complex [Co(HL)2]·Cl·3H2O (1), is characterized by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, conductance, magnetic room temperature measurement and single X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system with space group P21/c. The parameters of the unit cell are a = 9.6818(3) Å; b = 25.1587(6) Å; c = 11.5481(3) Å; β = 101.797(3) °; Z = 4; Rint = 0.0313 and wR(F2) = 0.0812. The asymmetric unit of the compound contains a discrete [Co(HL)2]+ cation one free chloride anion and three uncoordinated water molecules. In the discrete cation one Co3+ ion two organic ligand molecules are present. The coordination polyhedron around the Co3+ center is best described as a distorted octahedral with CoN4O2 chromophore. The crystal structure of the complex is stabilized by intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
{"title":"Synthesis and Crystal Structure Studies of a New Complex of Co (III)-Schiff Base Derivative Derived from Isonicotinohydrazide","authors":"Babacar Diop, T. Seck, Cheikh Ndoye, I. Thiam, O. Diouf, F. Tamboura, Pascal Retailleau, M. Gaye","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i3306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i3306","url":null,"abstract":"A new Co(III) complex prepared by the reaction of N'–(1–(pyridin–2 yl)ethylidene) isonicotinohydrazide (H2L) with Co(II) ion is reported in this paper. The H2L ligand is structurally characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, and infrared spectroscopies. The mononuclear complex [Co(HL)2]·Cl·3H2O (1), is characterized by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, conductance, magnetic room temperature measurement and single X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system with space group P21/c. The parameters of the unit cell are a = 9.6818(3) Å; b = 25.1587(6) Å; c = 11.5481(3) Å; β = 101.797(3) °; Z = 4; Rint = 0.0313 and wR(F2) = 0.0812. The asymmetric unit of the compound contains a discrete [Co(HL)2]+ cation one free chloride anion and three uncoordinated water molecules. In the discrete cation one Co3+ ion two organic ligand molecules are present. The coordination polyhedron around the Co3+ center is best described as a distorted octahedral with CoN4O2 chromophore. The crystal structure of the complex is stabilized by intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141014283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i3305
A. Owaba, E. Dode, Ubong B. Bassey
The aim of the study was to transform chalcones synthesized to their respective pyrimidine derivatives which was successful. The synthesized compounds were subjected to antimicrobial assay against bacteria and fungi organisms screened, however sample ZB had inhibitory effect against bacterial strains. Sample ZB is active against S. aureus and E. coli with an MIC of 5 and 1 mg/mL with a zone of inhibition 11 and 23 mm respectively. When compared to sample B had activity against E. coli with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.1 mg/mL and zone of inhibition of 20 mm. Modification of 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-2-one to pyrimidin-2-one increases spectrum of activity against gram positive bacterial S. aureus. Sample A inhibits B. subtilis and P. marneffei with an MIC of 10 mg/mL with a zone of inhibition of 14 mm and 20 mm respectively. Transformation of Sample A to 2-aminopyrimidine drastically abolish the antibacterial and antifungal effect. Sample ZA is inactive against bacteria and fungi organisms, when compared to ZB which inhibits S. aureus and E. coli. The spectral analysis revealed that the samples are in line with literature and had a melting point (100-103oC and 115-117oC) for sample ZA and ZB respectively. The starting materials had a melting point (55-57oC and 95-100oC) for Sample A and B respectively.
这项研究的目的是将合成的查耳酮转化为各自的嘧啶衍生物，研究取得了成功。对合成的化合物进行了针对细菌和真菌的抗菌试验，但样品 ZB 对细菌菌株有抑制作用。样品 ZB 对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌具有活性，抑菌浓度分别为 5 毫克/毫升和 1 毫克/毫升，抑菌区分别为 11 毫米和 23 毫米。与之相比，样品 B 对大肠杆菌具有活性，最低抑菌浓度为 0.1 毫克/毫升，抑制区为 20 毫米。将 4-(2-羟基苯基)-6-(2,3,4-三甲氧基苯基)嘧啶-2-酮改性为嘧啶-2-酮可增加对革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌的活性谱。样品 A 对枯草杆菌和马内菲杆菌的抑制 MIC 为 10 mg/mL，抑制区分别为 14 mm 和 20 mm。将样品 A 转化为 2-氨基嘧啶后，其抗菌和抗真菌效果大大降低。与抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的 ZB 相比，样品 ZA 对细菌和真菌无活性。光谱分析显示，样品 ZA 和 ZB 的熔点（100-103oC 和 115-117oC）与文献一致。样品 A 和 B 的起始材料熔点分别为 55-57oC 和 95-100oC。
{"title":"Synthesis, Antimicrobial Assessment of Chalcones and their Pyrimidine Derivatives","authors":"A. Owaba, E. Dode, Ubong B. Bassey","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i3305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i3305","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to transform chalcones synthesized to their respective pyrimidine derivatives which was successful. The synthesized compounds were subjected to antimicrobial assay against bacteria and fungi organisms screened, however sample ZB had inhibitory effect against bacterial strains. Sample ZB is active against S. aureus and E. coli with an MIC of 5 and 1 mg/mL with a zone of inhibition 11 and 23 mm respectively. When compared to sample B had activity against E. coli with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.1 mg/mL and zone of inhibition of 20 mm. Modification of 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-2-one to pyrimidin-2-one increases spectrum of activity against gram positive bacterial S. aureus. Sample A inhibits B. subtilis and P. marneffei with an MIC of 10 mg/mL with a zone of inhibition of 14 mm and 20 mm respectively. Transformation of Sample A to 2-aminopyrimidine drastically abolish the antibacterial and antifungal effect. Sample ZA is inactive against bacteria and fungi organisms, when compared to ZB which inhibits S. aureus and E. coli. The spectral analysis revealed that the samples are in line with literature and had a melting point (100-103oC and 115-117oC) for sample ZA and ZB respectively. The starting materials had a melting point (55-57oC and 95-100oC) for Sample A and B respectively.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141018871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-19DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i1287
Mahmoud A. Abdelaziz, Maiar M. Abdelaziz, Haitham M. Althurwi, Ibrahim A. Algrfan, Khalid M. Alasiri, Syed Khalid Mustafa
Batch adsorption of the azoic dye Congo red (CR) was carried out successfully on untreated low-cost wood sawdust. The impact of several variables (contact time, amount of solid adsorbent, initial adsorbate concentration, temperature, and pH) on the sorption process was studied. A maximum removal efficiency was achieved after 50 minutes at pH = 5 and 25 °C. To characterize the adsorbent, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and BET analyses were performed. The equilibrium isotherms were described using four alternative models. The data were found to fit the Freundlich model the best. The kinetic analysis demonstrates that the process is best represented by a pseudo-second-order model. The thermodynamic studies revealed the spontaneity and the exothermic nature of the sorption process. The optimal isotherm model served as the foundation for the design of a one-stage batch adsorber for the sorption of CR onto wood sawdust.
在未经处理的低成本木锯屑上成功地批量吸附了偶氮染料刚果红（CR）。研究了几个变量（接触时间、固体吸附剂用量、初始吸附剂浓度、温度和 pH 值）对吸附过程的影响。在 pH = 5 和 25 °C 条件下，50 分钟后达到最大去除效率。为了确定吸附剂的特性，对其进行了傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电镜（SEM）、乙二胺四乙酸（EDX）和 BET 分析。平衡等温线用四种可选模型进行了描述。发现数据最符合 Freundlich 模型。动力学分析表明，伪二阶模型最能体现这一过程。热力学研究表明，吸附过程具有自发性和放热性。最佳等温线模型为设计用于木锯末吸附 CR 的单级间歇式吸附器奠定了基础。
{"title":"Adsorption Investigations on the Removal of Azoic Dye by Untreated Wood Sawdust","authors":"Mahmoud A. Abdelaziz, Maiar M. Abdelaziz, Haitham M. Althurwi, Ibrahim A. Algrfan, Khalid M. Alasiri, Syed Khalid Mustafa","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i1287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i1287","url":null,"abstract":"Batch adsorption of the azoic dye Congo red (CR) was carried out successfully on untreated low-cost wood sawdust. The impact of several variables (contact time, amount of solid adsorbent, initial adsorbate concentration, temperature, and pH) on the sorption process was studied. A maximum removal efficiency was achieved after 50 minutes at pH = 5 and 25 °C. To characterize the adsorbent, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and BET analyses were performed. The equilibrium isotherms were described using four alternative models. The data were found to fit the Freundlich model the best. The kinetic analysis demonstrates that the process is best represented by a pseudo-second-order model. The thermodynamic studies revealed the spontaneity and the exothermic nature of the sorption process. The optimal isotherm model served as the foundation for the design of a one-stage batch adsorber for the sorption of CR onto wood sawdust.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139958765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-17DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i1286
El Hadji Gorgui Diouf, Adama Faye, Alioune Diouf, Mamadou Latyr Ndour, Mamadou Ngom, Baboucar Sarr, Mamadou Kébé, T. Ndior, Ndeye Bineta Camara, Alioune Ndiaye
Callosobruchus maculatus Fab (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is the most formidable pest of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in the field. The damage continues even in stocks intended for food. The present work was carried out to evaluate the insecticidal effect of organic leaf extracts of Cassia occidentalis on mortality and emergence of F1 progeny in storage. The extracts were tested in contact in 90 mm diameter petri dishes with different doses. Phytochemical screening was carried out using coloring and precipitation tests. Mortality of C. maculatus was assessed between 1 and 17 days after infestation. The data were processed according to the General Linear Model procedure and using Minitab 19 software. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the methanolic extract gives a better mortality rate on Callosobruchus maculatus. These results are corroborated by phytochemical tests with the identification of molecules (alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, etc.) likely to be responsible for this insecticidal activity.
褐飞虱是豇豆（Vigna unguiculata）田间最可怕的害虫。本研究的目的是评估决明子有机叶提取物对储藏中 F1 后代的死亡率和萌发的杀虫效果。采用着色和沉淀试验进行了植物化学筛选。在侵染后的 1 到 17 天之间，评估了斑潜蝇的死亡率。统计分析结果表明，甲醇萃取物对大斑胼胝体的死亡率较高。植物化学测试证实了这些结果，并确定了可能具有这种杀虫活性的分子（生物碱、黄酮类、单宁、多酚等）。
{"title":"Activities of Organic Extracts of Cassia occidentalis Leaves on the Mortality and Fecundity of Callosobruchus maculatus (Main Insect Pest of Vigna unguiculata Seed Stocks)","authors":"El Hadji Gorgui Diouf, Adama Faye, Alioune Diouf, Mamadou Latyr Ndour, Mamadou Ngom, Baboucar Sarr, Mamadou Kébé, T. Ndior, Ndeye Bineta Camara, Alioune Ndiaye","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i1286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i1286","url":null,"abstract":"Callosobruchus maculatus Fab (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is the most formidable pest of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in the field. The damage continues even in stocks intended for food.\u0000The present work was carried out to evaluate the insecticidal effect of organic leaf extracts of Cassia occidentalis on mortality and emergence of F1 progeny in storage.\u0000The extracts were tested in contact in 90 mm diameter petri dishes with different doses. Phytochemical screening was carried out using coloring and precipitation tests. Mortality of C. maculatus was assessed between 1 and 17 days after infestation. The data were processed according to the General Linear Model procedure and using Minitab 19 software.\u0000The results of the statistical analysis showed that the methanolic extract gives a better mortality rate on Callosobruchus maculatus. These results are corroborated by phytochemical tests with the identification of molecules (alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, etc.) likely to be responsible for this insecticidal activity.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139960221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i1280
Nneka Damola Ajayi, Samson Abidemi Ajayi, John Oizamsi Boyi, O. O. Olaniyi
Nitrogen is a crucial ingredient for biological processes and is necessary for several cellular activities, including metabolic processes, nucleic acid generation, and protein synthesis. Herein we looked at the intricate chemical properties of nitrene, a molecule that contains nitrogen at its core. Nitrene, akin to carbene, exhibits unique reactivity as an electrophile due to its unpaired octet. The electrical arrangement of nitrene, namely in its most basic form as imidogen (HN), is analyzed, with an emphasis on its sp hybridization and spin density characteristics. The formation of nitrene, which is known for its strong reactivity, occurs as an intermediate species through two primary mechanisms: the photolysis or thermolysis of azides, and the decomposition of isocyanates. This study offers a concise elucidation of significant chemical occurrences involving nitrenes, such as the incorporation of C-H bonds, cycloaddition reactions, the observed phenomena of ring contraction and ring expansion in aryl nitrenes and the catalytic reactions through Nitrene radical. The final section of the paper provides a summary focused on a specific study involving the transfer of nitrene, which is assisted by a non-heme iron enzyme. The research examines the catalytic prowess of PsEFE, a non-heme iron enzyme derived from Pseudomonas savastanoi, in nitrene transfer processes. Through the utilization of directed evolution and the introduction of non-native small-molecule ligands, PsEFE demonstrated an elevated level of aziridination activity. This emphasizes the capability to enhance catalysis by modifying the reliance on ligands. This study advances the understanding of nitrene chemistry and highlights the remarkable catalytic capabilities of a non-heme iron enzyme, opening possibilities for further exploration in the area of biocatalysis with transition metals.
{"title":"Understanding the Chemistry of Nitrene and Highlighting its Remarkable Catalytic Capabilities as a Non-Heme Iron Enzyme","authors":"Nneka Damola Ajayi, Samson Abidemi Ajayi, John Oizamsi Boyi, O. O. Olaniyi","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i1280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2024/v14i1280","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen is a crucial ingredient for biological processes and is necessary for several cellular activities, including metabolic processes, nucleic acid generation, and protein synthesis. Herein we looked at the intricate chemical properties of nitrene, a molecule that contains nitrogen at its core. Nitrene, akin to carbene, exhibits unique reactivity as an electrophile due to its unpaired octet. The electrical arrangement of nitrene, namely in its most basic form as imidogen (HN), is analyzed, with an emphasis on its sp hybridization and spin density characteristics. The formation of nitrene, which is known for its strong reactivity, occurs as an intermediate species through two primary mechanisms: the photolysis or thermolysis of azides, and the decomposition of isocyanates. This study offers a concise elucidation of significant chemical occurrences involving nitrenes, such as the incorporation of C-H bonds, cycloaddition reactions, the observed phenomena of ring contraction and ring expansion in aryl nitrenes and the catalytic reactions through Nitrene radical. The final section of the paper provides a summary focused on a specific study involving the transfer of nitrene, which is assisted by a non-heme iron enzyme. The research examines the catalytic prowess of PsEFE, a non-heme iron enzyme derived from Pseudomonas savastanoi, in nitrene transfer processes. Through the utilization of directed evolution and the introduction of non-native small-molecule ligands, PsEFE demonstrated an elevated level of aziridination activity. This emphasizes the capability to enhance catalysis by modifying the reliance on ligands. This study advances the understanding of nitrene chemistry and highlights the remarkable catalytic capabilities of a non-heme iron enzyme, opening possibilities for further exploration in the area of biocatalysis with transition metals.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139458003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6279
Ajayi Samson Abidemi
Mechanochemical syntheses of four (4) know metal organic frameworks (MOFs) were obtained by grinding stoichiometric amounts of metal salts [Zn (II) and Cu (II)] and corresponding carboxylate ligands [Fumaric and Isonicotinic acids] in a mortar with a pestle. Also, Solvent-based syntheses of MOFs were carried out with the reaction of metal salts and each carboxylate ligand by mixing in the presence of solvents. The compounds were characterized by the comparison of melting point, elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy and XRPD results with those of the free ligands and literature. The analytical and spectroscopic data of the compounds prepared via the two different methods gave the expected product. The presence of coordinatively unsaturated metal centers in the synthesized MOFs provides an accessible way to selectively functionalize them through coordination bonds. In this work, thiol-functionalization of MOFs were described by choosing six well known MOFs in which three (3) are Zn-based while the other three (3) are Cu-based MOF, by a facile coordination based postsynthetic strategy. The obtained thiol-functionalized MOFs were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, CHN and infrared spectroscopy. The analytical and spectroscopic data of the unmodified and modified compound were different. A series of [Cu (Ina)2] samples stoichiometrically decorated with thiol groups has been prepared through coordination bonding of coordinatively unsaturated metal centers with –SH group in thioglycolic acid. [Cu (Ina)2]. H2O and [Cu(Ina)2]-TH were investigated for the adsorptive removal of fluorescein from aqueous solution. The parameters that affect the dye sorption such as contact time, solution pH, initial fluorescein concentration and temperature, have been investigated and optimized conditions determined at PH of 7.8. Dubinin–Radushkevich Equilibrium isotherm studies were used to evaluate the maximum sorption capacity of MOFs and experimental results showed that the removal efficiency decreases in the order of [Cu(Ina)2]-TH > [Cu(Ina)2].H2O both in adsorption rate and adsorption capacity. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin Radushkevich models have been applied and the data correlate well with Dubinin Radushkevich model. The adsorption mechanism may be explained with a simple electrostatic interaction and π- π interaction. Finally, it can be suggested that modification of MOFs can be use to improve their adsorption capacity and rate, making them a better adsorbent to remove emerging dyes contaminants from waste water.
{"title":"Synthesis and Thio-Functionalization of Metal Organic Frameworks of Isonicotinate Ligands and their Application for Fluorescein Removal from Aqueous Solution","authors":"Ajayi Samson Abidemi","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6279","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanochemical syntheses of four (4) know metal organic frameworks (MOFs) were obtained by grinding stoichiometric amounts of metal salts [Zn (II) and Cu (II)] and corresponding carboxylate ligands [Fumaric and Isonicotinic acids] in a mortar with a pestle. Also, Solvent-based syntheses of MOFs were carried out with the reaction of metal salts and each carboxylate ligand by mixing in the presence of solvents. The compounds were characterized by the comparison of melting point, elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy and XRPD results with those of the free ligands and literature. The analytical and spectroscopic data of the compounds prepared via the two different methods gave the expected product. The presence of coordinatively unsaturated metal centers in the synthesized MOFs provides an accessible way to selectively functionalize them through coordination bonds. In this work, thiol-functionalization of MOFs were described by choosing six well known MOFs in which three (3) are Zn-based while the other three (3) are Cu-based MOF, by a facile coordination based postsynthetic strategy. The obtained thiol-functionalized MOFs were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, CHN and infrared spectroscopy. The analytical and spectroscopic data of the unmodified and modified compound were different. A series of [Cu (Ina)2] samples stoichiometrically decorated with thiol groups has been prepared through coordination bonding of coordinatively unsaturated metal centers with –SH group in thioglycolic acid. [Cu (Ina)2]. H2O and [Cu(Ina)2]-TH were investigated for the adsorptive removal of fluorescein from aqueous solution. The parameters that affect the dye sorption such as contact time, solution pH, initial fluorescein concentration and temperature, have been investigated and optimized conditions determined at PH of 7.8. Dubinin–Radushkevich Equilibrium isotherm studies were used to evaluate the maximum sorption capacity of MOFs and experimental results showed that the removal efficiency decreases in the order of [Cu(Ina)2]-TH > [Cu(Ina)2].H2O both in adsorption rate and adsorption capacity. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin Radushkevich models have been applied and the data correlate well with Dubinin Radushkevich model. The adsorption mechanism may be explained with a simple electrostatic interaction and π- π interaction. Finally, it can be suggested that modification of MOFs can be use to improve their adsorption capacity and rate, making them a better adsorbent to remove emerging dyes contaminants from waste water.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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