Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6266
Baba Adamu Mohammed, Oliver N. Maitera
Aim: This research was conducted to ascertain the level of pollution of our physical environment as a result of years of Boko Haram’s activities in Gombe State, North-Eastern Nigeria.
Study Design and Place of Study: Samples for this research were collected from Bajoga, Nafada and Gombe metropolis and environs all in Funakaye, Nafada, and Gombe Local Government Areas respectively. Samples were taken only from places with recorded Boko Haram’s explosion activities. A control sample for each study area was taken from an area that has no record of Boko Haram attacks. Gombe State is located in the North-Eastern part of Nigeria on latitude10015’00’’N and longitude 11010’00’’E bordering Yobe, Borno, Adamawa, Taraba and Bauchi states.
Methodology: The concentrations of explosive remnants (4-Nitrotoluene, 4-Propyl Benzaldehyde, 1,3-Dinitrotoluene, 2,4-Dinitrotoluene, 3,5- Dinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene, RDX and HMX) in the soil samples of the attacked areas were investigated using Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometer, GC-MS.
Results: The result indicates 4-Nitrotoluene; 0.05-0.085µg/kg, 4-Propyl Benzaldehyde; 0.07-0.19µg/kg; 1,3-Dinitrotoluene; 0.005-0.060µg/kg, 2,4-DNT; 6.16-6.86µg/kg, 3,5-DNT; 0.40-0.90µg/kg, TNT; 0.29-0.66µg/kg and RDX and HMX were not detected. All the samples in the study area had 4-Nitrotolene and 4-Propyl Benzaldehyde concentrations above those in their respective controls. 1,3-DNT in Bajoga samples, 2,4-DNT in K Police station and K/mata, 3,5-DNT in Gombe metropolis, and TNT in NFD Police station were all found to be below the concentrations in their control
Conclusion: There is possible 4-Nitrotolene and 4-Propyl Benzaldehyde contaminations in all the studied sites and absence of pollution by 1,3-DNT in Bajoga, 2,4-DNT in K Police station and K/mata, 3,5-DNT in Gombe metropolis, and TNT in NFD Police station.
{"title":"Determination of Chemical Explosive Remnants in Soils of Boko Haram’s Affected Areas of Gombe State Nigeria","authors":"Baba Adamu Mohammed, Oliver N. Maitera","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6266","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This research was conducted to ascertain the level of pollution of our physical environment as a result of years of Boko Haram’s activities in Gombe State, North-Eastern Nigeria.
 Study Design and Place of Study: Samples for this research were collected from Bajoga, Nafada and Gombe metropolis and environs all in Funakaye, Nafada, and Gombe Local Government Areas respectively. Samples were taken only from places with recorded Boko Haram’s explosion activities. A control sample for each study area was taken from an area that has no record of Boko Haram attacks. Gombe State is located in the North-Eastern part of Nigeria on latitude10015’00’’N and longitude 11010’00’’E bordering Yobe, Borno, Adamawa, Taraba and Bauchi states.
 Methodology: The concentrations of explosive remnants (4-Nitrotoluene, 4-Propyl Benzaldehyde, 1,3-Dinitrotoluene, 2,4-Dinitrotoluene, 3,5- Dinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene, RDX and HMX) in the soil samples of the attacked areas were investigated using Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometer, GC-MS.
 Results: The result indicates 4-Nitrotoluene; 0.05-0.085µg/kg, 4-Propyl Benzaldehyde; 0.07-0.19µg/kg; 1,3-Dinitrotoluene; 0.005-0.060µg/kg, 2,4-DNT; 6.16-6.86µg/kg, 3,5-DNT; 0.40-0.90µg/kg, TNT; 0.29-0.66µg/kg and RDX and HMX were not detected. All the samples in the study area had 4-Nitrotolene and 4-Propyl Benzaldehyde concentrations above those in their respective controls. 1,3-DNT in Bajoga samples, 2,4-DNT in K Police station and K/mata, 3,5-DNT in Gombe metropolis, and TNT in NFD Police station were all found to be below the concentrations in their control
 Conclusion: There is possible 4-Nitrotolene and 4-Propyl Benzaldehyde contaminations in all the studied sites and absence of pollution by 1,3-DNT in Bajoga, 2,4-DNT in K Police station and K/mata, 3,5-DNT in Gombe metropolis, and TNT in NFD Police station.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6265
Haider Abbas, Mumeeza Tahir, Wajeeha Qayyum, Sumbal Tariq, Tayyaba Munawar, Muhammad Ismaeel, Reem F. Alshehri, Zaiba Kausar
Water contamination from a variety of sources has made it increasingly difficult to contact clean drinking water. The release of effluents into water bodies is a serious environmental problem. This study presents the synthesis of magnesium-doped copper oxide (Mg-CuO) nanoparticles as a promising adsorbent for the efficient removal of Congo Red dye from aqueous solutions. Mg-CuO nanoparticles were synthesized via a facile and cost-effective co-precipitation method and characterized using various techniques. The adsorption capacity of Mg-CuO nanoparticles for Congo Red dye was systematically investigated, revealing outstanding adsorption efficiency. Equilibrium adsorption data were well-fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting monolayer adsorption behavior, while the Freundlich Isotherm model described the adsorption behavior accurately. The influence of various experimental parameters, including initial dye concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time, on the adsorption process was studied in detail. Optimal conditions (pH=6, concentration=50ppm, contact time=120minutes) for maximal adsorption efficiency were determined. Moreover, the thermodynamic analysis specified that the adsorption of Congo Red onto Mg-CuO nanoparticles was spontaneous and endothermic. The exceptional adsorption performance of Mg-CuO nanoparticles, attributed to the synergistic effect of magnesium doping and high surface area, highlights their potential as an eco-friendly and efficient adsorbent for the removal of Congo Red dye from wastewater. This research contributes to the advancement of sustainable materials for environmental remediation and underscores the importance of exploring nanomaterials for water purification applications.
{"title":"Synthesis of Mg-Doped CuO Nanoparticles for Efficient Removal of Congo Red Dye from Wastewater: Adsorption Study","authors":"Haider Abbas, Mumeeza Tahir, Wajeeha Qayyum, Sumbal Tariq, Tayyaba Munawar, Muhammad Ismaeel, Reem F. Alshehri, Zaiba Kausar","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6265","url":null,"abstract":"Water contamination from a variety of sources has made it increasingly difficult to contact clean drinking water. The release of effluents into water bodies is a serious environmental problem. This study presents the synthesis of magnesium-doped copper oxide (Mg-CuO) nanoparticles as a promising adsorbent for the efficient removal of Congo Red dye from aqueous solutions. Mg-CuO nanoparticles were synthesized via a facile and cost-effective co-precipitation method and characterized using various techniques. The adsorption capacity of Mg-CuO nanoparticles for Congo Red dye was systematically investigated, revealing outstanding adsorption efficiency. Equilibrium adsorption data were well-fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting monolayer adsorption behavior, while the Freundlich Isotherm model described the adsorption behavior accurately. The influence of various experimental parameters, including initial dye concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time, on the adsorption process was studied in detail. Optimal conditions (pH=6, concentration=50ppm, contact time=120minutes) for maximal adsorption efficiency were determined. Moreover, the thermodynamic analysis specified that the adsorption of Congo Red onto Mg-CuO nanoparticles was spontaneous and endothermic. The exceptional adsorption performance of Mg-CuO nanoparticles, attributed to the synergistic effect of magnesium doping and high surface area, highlights their potential as an eco-friendly and efficient adsorbent for the removal of Congo Red dye from wastewater. This research contributes to the advancement of sustainable materials for environmental remediation and underscores the importance of exploring nanomaterials for water purification applications.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136262689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6264
Edidiong E. Ikpe, Usoro M. Etesin, Emmanuel E. Ubuo, Ifiok O. Ekwere
Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals and Hydrocarbons in Sediment, Shell and Flesh of the Faunas in Qua-Iboe River at Ibeno, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria was undertaken. The faunas and sediment sample were collected from designated locations and a control location along Ikot-Ibok in dry and wet seasons using standard analytical sampling methods. The samples were analyzed for heavy metals and hydrocarbons content by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and gas chromatography respectively. pH of the samples was assessed. Transfer factor (TF) of the heavy metals between the sediment and the faunas were calculated. Regression models (linear and power equation) were developed to predict the numerical relationship between total petroleum hydrocarbon and total hydrocarbon content (TPH and THC) and heavy metals concentration in shell (predictor) of fauna in relation to their concentration in the flesh (dependent). Results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis such as coefficient of variation and mean. The concentration range of the heavy metals of both faunas and sediment was 0.001 – 86. 686 mg/kg. These value are above the World Health Organization and National Environmental Standard and Regulations Enforcement Agency (WHO/NESREA) standards (0.001 -5.0mg/kg). The coefficient of variation (C.V) had a range of 0.0152 – 193.333% which showed variation in stability of the heavy metals. Transfer factor (TF) showed that Tympanotomus fuscatus tissue bioaccumulated most heavy metals. Hydrocarbons (TPH and THC) and heavy metals concentration in the flesh of Ostreidea and Tympanomus fuscatus tissue were predicted from its shells at highly significant level (P - ≤ 0.05). This study has provided information on the levels of heavy metals and Hydrocarbons in faunas and sediment. In addition, the study has also developed models for predicting the levels of heavy metals and hydrocarbon content in the flesh from the shell of the faunas studied.
{"title":"Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals and Hydrocarbons in Sediment, Shell and Flesh of the Faunas in Qua-Iboe River at Ibeno, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria","authors":"Edidiong E. Ikpe, Usoro M. Etesin, Emmanuel E. Ubuo, Ifiok O. Ekwere","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6264","url":null,"abstract":"Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals and Hydrocarbons in Sediment, Shell and Flesh of the Faunas in Qua-Iboe River at Ibeno, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria was undertaken. The faunas and sediment sample were collected from designated locations and a control location along Ikot-Ibok in dry and wet seasons using standard analytical sampling methods. The samples were analyzed for heavy metals and hydrocarbons content by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and gas chromatography respectively. pH of the samples was assessed. Transfer factor (TF) of the heavy metals between the sediment and the faunas were calculated. Regression models (linear and power equation) were developed to predict the numerical relationship between total petroleum hydrocarbon and total hydrocarbon content (TPH and THC) and heavy metals concentration in shell (predictor) of fauna in relation to their concentration in the flesh (dependent). Results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis such as coefficient of variation and mean. The concentration range of the heavy metals of both faunas and sediment was 0.001 – 86. 686 mg/kg. These value are above the World Health Organization and National Environmental Standard and Regulations Enforcement Agency (WHO/NESREA) standards (0.001 -5.0mg/kg). The coefficient of variation (C.V) had a range of 0.0152 – 193.333% which showed variation in stability of the heavy metals. Transfer factor (TF) showed that Tympanotomus fuscatus tissue bioaccumulated most heavy metals. Hydrocarbons (TPH and THC) and heavy metals concentration in the flesh of Ostreidea and Tympanomus fuscatus tissue were predicted from its shells at highly significant level (P - ≤ 0.05). This study has provided information on the levels of heavy metals and Hydrocarbons in faunas and sediment. In addition, the study has also developed models for predicting the levels of heavy metals and hydrocarbon content in the flesh from the shell of the faunas studied.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134908811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6263
Joel Brian Njewa, James Jamzy Majamanda, Timothy Tiwonge Biswick, Jimmy Jay Suman, Emmanuel Mwase, Gladys Chimwemwe Banda, Silas Cheruiyot Lagat
The presence of widely used Chlorpyrifos pesticide residues in the environment increases concerns owing to its associated adverse effects on human health and the ecosystem. The present study reports the comprehensive analysis of published papers concerning the detection of Chlorpyrifos herbicide residues in water resources, vegetables and soil matrices. The results showed that Chlorpyrifos residues were frequently found in water resources, plants and soil matrices in excess, beyond permissible levels. The results collected, point to possible hazards to the aquatic ecosystem and human beings in general due to pollution of drinking water, exposure to pesticide residues through edible crops and long-term effects on soil quality and crop growth. This present study emphasizes on the urgent need for remediation alternative actions, such as ceasing or restricting the use of Chlorpyrifos, improving water treatment techniques and implementing best agricultural management practices.
{"title":"A Systematic Review on Detection of Chlorpyrifos Herbicide Residues in Water Resources, Soil, and Vegetable Matrices: Possible Amendments","authors":"Joel Brian Njewa, James Jamzy Majamanda, Timothy Tiwonge Biswick, Jimmy Jay Suman, Emmanuel Mwase, Gladys Chimwemwe Banda, Silas Cheruiyot Lagat","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6263","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of widely used Chlorpyrifos pesticide residues in the environment increases concerns owing to its associated adverse effects on human health and the ecosystem. The present study reports the comprehensive analysis of published papers concerning the detection of Chlorpyrifos herbicide residues in water resources, vegetables and soil matrices. The results showed that Chlorpyrifos residues were frequently found in water resources, plants and soil matrices in excess, beyond permissible levels. The results collected, point to possible hazards to the aquatic ecosystem and human beings in general due to pollution of drinking water, exposure to pesticide residues through edible crops and long-term effects on soil quality and crop growth. This present study emphasizes on the urgent need for remediation alternative actions, such as ceasing or restricting the use of Chlorpyrifos, improving water treatment techniques and implementing best agricultural management practices.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135216584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6261
Kalu M. Kalu, Adam Aliyu, Emmanuel K. Chinedu, None Nnaneme F. O.
Alkyd resin of 40 % oil length was synthesized from the polyesterification reaction of glycerol, pthalic anhydride and sesame seed oil. Physicochemical properties such as iodine value, saponification value, density, moisture absorption, acid value and viscosity were determined to be 70.2 gI2/100g, 227.5 mgKOH/100g, 0.953 g/cm3, 0.22%, 9.23 KOH/g and 123.22 m.Pa.s respectively for the sesamum indicum seed oil modified alkyd resin (SISOMAR). Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were employed for the characterization of the alkyd resin. The glass transition (Tg) value of the 40% alkyd resin was 34.99 °C, initial degradation temperature (Ti), final degradation temperature (Tf) were 300 °C and > 500 °C respectively. It was identified that the SISOMAR could meet with temperature resistance and mechanical requirements to serve as a potential binder for the coating industry.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Short Alkyd Resin Based on Sesame Seed Oil as Binder for Coating Industry","authors":"Kalu M. Kalu, Adam Aliyu, Emmanuel K. Chinedu, None Nnaneme F. O.","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6261","url":null,"abstract":"Alkyd resin of 40 % oil length was synthesized from the polyesterification reaction of glycerol, pthalic anhydride and sesame seed oil. Physicochemical properties such as iodine value, saponification value, density, moisture absorption, acid value and viscosity were determined to be 70.2 gI2/100g, 227.5 mgKOH/100g, 0.953 g/cm3, 0.22%, 9.23 KOH/g and 123.22 m.Pa.s respectively for the sesamum indicum seed oil modified alkyd resin (SISOMAR). Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were employed for the characterization of the alkyd resin. The glass transition (Tg) value of the 40% alkyd resin was 34.99 °C, initial degradation temperature (Ti), final degradation temperature (Tf) were 300 °C and > 500 °C respectively. It was identified that the SISOMAR could meet with temperature resistance and mechanical requirements to serve as a potential binder for the coating industry.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N-(4-methoxybenzylidene) isonicotinohydrazone (L1) Schiff base ligand was prepared by the condensation reaction of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) and 4-methoxybenzaldehyde. A series of metal complexes of Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions was synthesized with Schiff base ligand (primary ligand, L1) and 1, 10-phenanthroline (L2) as a secondary ligand in stoichiometry ratio (1:1:1). Moreover, the synthesized ligand and its complexes have been characterized by analytical and physical properties, conductivity, magnetic susceptibility measurements, FTIR-spectra, and UV-Visible spectra. Conductivity measurements indicated that all complexes were 1:2 electrolytic in nature. IR spectra recommended that the oxygen of the carbonyl group (=CO) and nitrogen of the azomethine group (-C=N) were coordinated with metal ions. The confirmation of a square planar structure for Ni2+ and Cu2+ complexes, as well as a tetrahedral structure for the Zn2+ ion complex, was supported by their respective magnetic moment values and UV-Visible spectra. The antimicrobial activity of the metal complexes formed by L1 and L2 was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas sp. The metal complexes formed by the combination of L1 and L2 were subjected to testing against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas sp. The Zn(II) complex exhibited superior antibacterial activity compared to the reference drug Kanamycin-30 against both bacterial strains in the tested compounds. In addition, the synthesised metal complexes demonstrated a comparatively moderate level of antioxidant activity when compared to the Schiff base. The Cu2+-complex exhibited the highest level of activity, while the Zn2+ -complex demonstrated the lowest antioxidant activity, which was comparable to that of BHT.
{"title":"Mixed Ligand Complexes of Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ Ions Containing N-(4-methoxybenzylidene)isonicotinohydrazone Schiff Base and 1,10-Phenanthroline : Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties","authors":"Md. Ashrafuzzaman, Farzana Khanm Camellia, Md. Delwar Hossain, Md. Golam Mostafiz Shovon, Hafizur Rahman, Md. Tanvir Hossain, Md. Hafijur Rahman, Md. Kudrat-E-Zahan, Md. Masuqul Haque","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6262","url":null,"abstract":"N-(4-methoxybenzylidene) isonicotinohydrazone (L1) Schiff base ligand was prepared by the condensation reaction of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) and 4-methoxybenzaldehyde. A series of metal complexes of Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions was synthesized with Schiff base ligand (primary ligand, L1) and 1, 10-phenanthroline (L2) as a secondary ligand in stoichiometry ratio (1:1:1). Moreover, the synthesized ligand and its complexes have been characterized by analytical and physical properties, conductivity, magnetic susceptibility measurements, FTIR-spectra, and UV-Visible spectra. Conductivity measurements indicated that all complexes were 1:2 electrolytic in nature. IR spectra recommended that the oxygen of the carbonyl group (=CO) and nitrogen of the azomethine group (-C=N) were coordinated with metal ions. The confirmation of a square planar structure for Ni2+ and Cu2+ complexes, as well as a tetrahedral structure for the Zn2+ ion complex, was supported by their respective magnetic moment values and UV-Visible spectra. The antimicrobial activity of the metal complexes formed by L1 and L2 was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas sp. The metal complexes formed by the combination of L1 and L2 were subjected to testing against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas sp. The Zn(II) complex exhibited superior antibacterial activity compared to the reference drug Kanamycin-30 against both bacterial strains in the tested compounds. In addition, the synthesised metal complexes demonstrated a comparatively moderate level of antioxidant activity when compared to the Schiff base. The Cu2+-complex exhibited the highest level of activity, while the Zn2+ -complex demonstrated the lowest antioxidant activity, which was comparable to that of BHT.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6260
Rome Kenneth, Kalu M. Kalu, Naibi A. Haruna, Emmanuel K. Chinedu, Ismaila Atiku, Michael Emmanuel
Baobab pulp (Adansonia digitata) and mango seeds were employed in the synthesis of activated carbon, serving as a cost-efficient adsorbent for the elimination of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solutions. The carbonization of baobab pulp and mango seeds was executed within a muffle furnace at 500°C for 2 hours and 30 minutes, followed by activation using orthophosphoric acid. Batch adsorption experiments encompassed assessments of initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH, and temperature, aimed at optimizing conditions to achieve maximal adsorption. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities for Pb(II) were determined as 18.69 mg/g for Baobab activated carbon (BAC) and 16.02 mg/g for Mango seed activated carbon (MAC) at a concentration of 500 mg/l.
Adsorption data were subjected to analysis using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. Among these models, Langmuir exhibited superior fit, as indicated by a correlation coefficient (R²) exceeding 0.99. Kinetic evaluation encompassed Pseudo-first-order, Pseudo-second-order, and Intra-particle diffusion models, with the Pseudo-second-order model emerging as the most appropriate. This finding suggests that the adsorption process is primarily governed by chemisorption, potentially serving as the rate-limiting step.
Thermodynamic investigations revealed the spontaneity, endothermic nature, and heightened randomness at the solid-solution interface of the adsorption process. Further assessment involved desorption experiments to ascertain the reusability and lifespan of the adsorbents. The outcomes underscore the potential of activated carbon derived from baobab pulp and mango seeds as economical and efficient adsorbents for Pb (II) ion removal.
{"title":"Baobab (Adansonia digitata) Pulp and Mango Seeds as New Adsorbents for the Removal of Pb (II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions","authors":"Rome Kenneth, Kalu M. Kalu, Naibi A. Haruna, Emmanuel K. Chinedu, Ismaila Atiku, Michael Emmanuel","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6260","url":null,"abstract":"Baobab pulp (Adansonia digitata) and mango seeds were employed in the synthesis of activated carbon, serving as a cost-efficient adsorbent for the elimination of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solutions. The carbonization of baobab pulp and mango seeds was executed within a muffle furnace at 500°C for 2 hours and 30 minutes, followed by activation using orthophosphoric acid. Batch adsorption experiments encompassed assessments of initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH, and temperature, aimed at optimizing conditions to achieve maximal adsorption. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities for Pb(II) were determined as 18.69 mg/g for Baobab activated carbon (BAC) and 16.02 mg/g for Mango seed activated carbon (MAC) at a concentration of 500 mg/l.
 Adsorption data were subjected to analysis using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. Among these models, Langmuir exhibited superior fit, as indicated by a correlation coefficient (R²) exceeding 0.99. Kinetic evaluation encompassed Pseudo-first-order, Pseudo-second-order, and Intra-particle diffusion models, with the Pseudo-second-order model emerging as the most appropriate. This finding suggests that the adsorption process is primarily governed by chemisorption, potentially serving as the rate-limiting step.
 Thermodynamic investigations revealed the spontaneity, endothermic nature, and heightened randomness at the solid-solution interface of the adsorption process. Further assessment involved desorption experiments to ascertain the reusability and lifespan of the adsorbents. The outcomes underscore the potential of activated carbon derived from baobab pulp and mango seeds as economical and efficient adsorbents for Pb (II) ion removal.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135253376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6259
Haider Abbas, Samar Iqbal, Muhammad Nadeem, Tabinda Jabeen, Adan Yasin, Nabeel Kadhim Abbood, Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Ihsan, Muhammad Ismaeel
Water is essential for maintaining life, making up about 60% of the human body. Sadly, water pollution brought on by different industrial processes and human activities seriously jeopardizes our health. The degradation of water quality, which results in lower oxygen levels, is caused by the release of organic and inorganic compounds, pathogens, herbicides, pesticides, medicines, heavy metals, and visual contaminants into water bodies. Heavy metals are among these contaminants that are of special concern to the environment because of their toxicity and bioaccumulative characteristics. The amazing capacity of the adsorption technique to eliminate hazardous metals has attracted the attention of researchers. Through physicochemical interactions, adsorbates are bound to the solid surface of adsorbents using this technique. To eliminate lead from contaminated water, ZnO nanoparticles will create in the current work utilizing the coprecipitation technique for synthesis. To examine the synthesized nanoparticles, number of analytical methods will use, such as UV-Visible spectrum and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry will also be used to measure the amount of lead removed both before and after the adsorption process. Important factors like pH, dose, and contact time will strictly regulate throughout our research. To confirm the veracity of findings, Kinetic Models will apply. Ultimate goal of this research is to increase the effectiveness of heavy metal removal and offer useful information regarding the usage of chemically produced ZnO nanoparticles for water filtration. This research project has the potential to make a substantial contribution to improving environmental management procedures and protecting our water resources.
{"title":"Adsorption of Lead from Effluents Using Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Study for Wastewater Treatment","authors":"Haider Abbas, Samar Iqbal, Muhammad Nadeem, Tabinda Jabeen, Adan Yasin, Nabeel Kadhim Abbood, Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Ihsan, Muhammad Ismaeel","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6259","url":null,"abstract":"Water is essential for maintaining life, making up about 60% of the human body. Sadly, water pollution brought on by different industrial processes and human activities seriously jeopardizes our health. The degradation of water quality, which results in lower oxygen levels, is caused by the release of organic and inorganic compounds, pathogens, herbicides, pesticides, medicines, heavy metals, and visual contaminants into water bodies. Heavy metals are among these contaminants that are of special concern to the environment because of their toxicity and bioaccumulative characteristics. The amazing capacity of the adsorption technique to eliminate hazardous metals has attracted the attention of researchers. Through physicochemical interactions, adsorbates are bound to the solid surface of adsorbents using this technique. To eliminate lead from contaminated water, ZnO nanoparticles will create in the current work utilizing the coprecipitation technique for synthesis. To examine the synthesized nanoparticles, number of analytical methods will use, such as UV-Visible spectrum and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry will also be used to measure the amount of lead removed both before and after the adsorption process. Important factors like pH, dose, and contact time will strictly regulate throughout our research. To confirm the veracity of findings, Kinetic Models will apply. Ultimate goal of this research is to increase the effectiveness of heavy metal removal and offer useful information regarding the usage of chemically produced ZnO nanoparticles for water filtration. This research project has the potential to make a substantial contribution to improving environmental management procedures and protecting our water resources.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134944490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two mixed ligands (L1, L2), L1 = N-(4-methoxybenzylidene) isonicotinohydrazone, L2 = 2-aminophenol, and their metal (Cu2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+) complexes with stoichiometry (1:1:1) were synthesized and characterized by analytical and physico-chemical techniques such as conductivity, magnetic susceptibility measurements, IR-spectra, and UV-Visible spectra. All of the metal complexes were 1:1 electrolyte, according to the molar conductance measurements. It can be concluded from the IR study that the ligands were coordinated to the corresponding metal ions through N and O donor sites of the azomethine nitrogen atom and the carbonyl oxygen atom. Magnetic moment and UV-Vis spectra data confirmed that square planar geometry for Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes, and tetrahedral structure for Zn(II) ion complex. The metal complexes derived from L1 and L2 were tested against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas sp. Among the tested compounds, Cu(II) complex showed higher antibacterial activity over both bacterial strains against reference drug Kanamycin-30. Moreover, synthesized metal complexes exhibited moderate antioxidant activity than the Schiff base. Cu(II) complex was found to be most active whereas, Zn(II) complex showed the lowest antioxidant activity comparable to the BHT.
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) Mixed Ligand Complexes Containing Isoniazid Based Bidentate Schiff Base","authors":"Md. Ashrafuzzaman, Farzana Khanm Camellia, Md. Hafijur Rahman, Md. Delwar Hossain, Md. Tanvir Hossain, Hafizur Rahman, Md. Golam Mostafiz Shovon, Gobindo Kumar Paul, Md. Kudrat-E-Zahan, Md. Masuqul Haque","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i5258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i5258","url":null,"abstract":"Two mixed ligands (L1, L2), L1 = N-(4-methoxybenzylidene) isonicotinohydrazone, L2 = 2-aminophenol, and their metal (Cu2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+) complexes with stoichiometry (1:1:1) were synthesized and characterized by analytical and physico-chemical techniques such as conductivity, magnetic susceptibility measurements, IR-spectra, and UV-Visible spectra. All of the metal complexes were 1:1 electrolyte, according to the molar conductance measurements. It can be concluded from the IR study that the ligands were coordinated to the corresponding metal ions through N and O donor sites of the azomethine nitrogen atom and the carbonyl oxygen atom. Magnetic moment and UV-Vis spectra data confirmed that square planar geometry for Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes, and tetrahedral structure for Zn(II) ion complex. The metal complexes derived from L1 and L2 were tested against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas sp. Among the tested compounds, Cu(II) complex showed higher antibacterial activity over both bacterial strains against reference drug Kanamycin-30. Moreover, synthesized metal complexes exhibited moderate antioxidant activity than the Schiff base. Cu(II) complex was found to be most active whereas, Zn(II) complex showed the lowest antioxidant activity comparable to the BHT.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136280179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), an acid-fast aerobic bacterium that may grow on gram stain as either a gram-positive or gram-negative bacterium, is the disease-causing agent of tuberculosis (TB). Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol, the first-line anti-tubercular drugs, can all have hepatotoxic side effects. The new medicine needs to work through a novel mode of action or to a novel target, be more active than presently available treatments, and shorten the course of treatment for the MDR-TB and XDR-TB, also active against both active and latent bacteria, and does not interact with antiretroviral medications because many TB patients also have HIV. Additionally, it must work well with other anti-TB medications to form at least an effective three-drug regimen. This article discusses the analysis of a few FDA-approved anti-tubercular medications and their binding locations with respective targeted proteins. This mainly focuses on the amino acids of the proteins that are responsible for the formation of interactions with a drug molecule. So, researchers can modify the existing drugs or their derivatives or can construct a new molecule according to the binding sites of enzymes corresponding to mycobacterium tuberculosis.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Investigation of the Interactions between Proteins and Ligands in the Crystal Structures of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis","authors":"Rajesh Nanaware, Anuruddha Chabukswar, Vishal Tekade, Kunal Kashid, Tejas Vidhate, Rushikesh Karmure","doi":"10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i5257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i5257","url":null,"abstract":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), an acid-fast aerobic bacterium that may grow on gram stain as either a gram-positive or gram-negative bacterium, is the disease-causing agent of tuberculosis (TB). Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol, the first-line anti-tubercular drugs, can all have hepatotoxic side effects. The new medicine needs to work through a novel mode of action or to a novel target, be more active than presently available treatments, and shorten the course of treatment for the MDR-TB and XDR-TB, also active against both active and latent bacteria, and does not interact with antiretroviral medications because many TB patients also have HIV. Additionally, it must work well with other anti-TB medications to form at least an effective three-drug regimen. This article discusses the analysis of a few FDA-approved anti-tubercular medications and their binding locations with respective targeted proteins. This mainly focuses on the amino acids of the proteins that are responsible for the formation of interactions with a drug molecule. So, researchers can modify the existing drugs or their derivatives or can construct a new molecule according to the binding sites of enzymes corresponding to mycobacterium tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":8505,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136060620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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