Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1080/12265071.2004.9647754
H. S. Lee
The projections from the dorsal raphe (DR) to the locus coeruleus (LC) or vice versa were analyzed in the rat using an anterograde tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA‐L) combined with serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT) or dopamine‐beta‐hydroxylase (DBH) immunostaining. Following the injection of PHA‐L into the middle DR, DR‐originating fibers with varicosities have contacted DBH‐immunolabeled cells in the rostral, middle, and caudal LC. Axon terminals were also observed in the subcoeruleus nucleus. When the PHA‐L injection was confined within the caudal DR, axonal fibers with varicosities were observed mainly at the rostral pole of the LC. Following the injection of PHA‐L into the caudal, principal LC, labeled fibers with varicosities have contacted 5‐HT‐immunolabeled neurons at dorsomedial, ventromedial, lateral wing, and caudal sub‐divisions of the DR. The present anterograde study suggests that the DR or the LC nuclei communicate with each other in order to perform a variety of functions including vigilance, analgesia, and stress responses.
{"title":"Interconnections between the rat dorsal raphe and the locus coeruleus nuclei demonstrated by anterograde tracing with phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin","authors":"H. S. Lee","doi":"10.1080/12265071.2004.9647754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265071.2004.9647754","url":null,"abstract":"The projections from the dorsal raphe (DR) to the locus coeruleus (LC) or vice versa were analyzed in the rat using an anterograde tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA‐L) combined with serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT) or dopamine‐beta‐hydroxylase (DBH) immunostaining. Following the injection of PHA‐L into the middle DR, DR‐originating fibers with varicosities have contacted DBH‐immunolabeled cells in the rostral, middle, and caudal LC. Axon terminals were also observed in the subcoeruleus nucleus. When the PHA‐L injection was confined within the caudal DR, axonal fibers with varicosities were observed mainly at the rostral pole of the LC. Following the injection of PHA‐L into the caudal, principal LC, labeled fibers with varicosities have contacted 5‐HT‐immunolabeled neurons at dorsomedial, ventromedial, lateral wing, and caudal sub‐divisions of the DR. The present anterograde study suggests that the DR or the LC nuclei communicate with each other in order to perform a variety of functions including vigilance, analgesia, and stress responses.","PeriodicalId":85060,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of biological sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"221 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12265071.2004.9647754","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59656168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1080/12265071.2004.9647749
Il-Hoi Kim
Five new species of copepods associated with marine invertebrates are described from shallow water of the Pacific coast of Panama. They are Pseudomacrochiron pocilloporae n. sp., Acontiophorus panamensis n. sp. and Asterocheres urabensis n. sp. associated with the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus), Asterocheres pilosus n. sp. associated with the echinoid Eucidaris thouarsii (Valenciennes), and Asterocheres walteri n. sp. associated with the sea star Oreaster brevispinis.
{"title":"New species of copepods (crustacea) associated with marine invertebrates from the pacific coast of Panama","authors":"Il-Hoi Kim","doi":"10.1080/12265071.2004.9647749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265071.2004.9647749","url":null,"abstract":"Five new species of copepods associated with marine invertebrates are described from shallow water of the Pacific coast of Panama. They are Pseudomacrochiron pocilloporae n. sp., Acontiophorus panamensis n. sp. and Asterocheres urabensis n. sp. associated with the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus), Asterocheres pilosus n. sp. associated with the echinoid Eucidaris thouarsii (Valenciennes), and Asterocheres walteri n. sp. associated with the sea star Oreaster brevispinis.","PeriodicalId":85060,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of biological sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"165 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12265071.2004.9647749","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59656194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1080/12265071.2004.9647732
B. Kang, J. Bae, Kang Oh Lee
The kallikrein‐kinin system affects regulation of blood pressure, and genes encoding for the components of this system have been considered as good candidates for hypertension. To evaluate the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of candidate genes involved in this system and hypertension, we performed case‐control studies using genetic markers in Korean normotensives and hypertensives, respectively. By association study, there was a marginal association with hypertension in AA genotype distribution of A1789G polymorphism in the hKLK1 gene (P=0.0754). Thus, this genetic polymorphism may weakly contribute to the susceptibility to hypertension in Koreans. We also observed that significant linkage disequilibrium exists among three polymorphic sites in the hKLK1 gene studied, suggesting that the three genetic polymorphisms can be useful as genetic markers in clinical association studies. Further studies using larger sample sizes and more genetic markers will be needed to clarify genetic influence of kallikrein‐kinin system for hypertension.
{"title":"Genetic analysis of kallikrein‐kinin system in the Korean hypertensives","authors":"B. Kang, J. Bae, Kang Oh Lee","doi":"10.1080/12265071.2004.9647732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265071.2004.9647732","url":null,"abstract":"The kallikrein‐kinin system affects regulation of blood pressure, and genes encoding for the components of this system have been considered as good candidates for hypertension. To evaluate the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of candidate genes involved in this system and hypertension, we performed case‐control studies using genetic markers in Korean normotensives and hypertensives, respectively. By association study, there was a marginal association with hypertension in AA genotype distribution of A1789G polymorphism in the hKLK1 gene (P=0.0754). Thus, this genetic polymorphism may weakly contribute to the susceptibility to hypertension in Koreans. We also observed that significant linkage disequilibrium exists among three polymorphic sites in the hKLK1 gene studied, suggesting that the three genetic polymorphisms can be useful as genetic markers in clinical association studies. Further studies using larger sample sizes and more genetic markers will be needed to clarify genetic influence of kallikrein‐kinin system for hypertension.","PeriodicalId":85060,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of biological sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"41 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12265071.2004.9647732","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59655657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1080/12265071.2004.9647728
Sook Shin, Il-Hoi Kim
Pseudanthessius spinosus n. sp. is described as an associate of the sea urchin Clypeaster japonicus Döderlein from Cheju Island in Korea. The new species may be easily distinguished from its congeners by having four spines and five setae on the third exopodal segment of leg 4. It is the second known species of the genus from Korean waters.
Pseudanthessius spinosus n. sp被描述为韩国济州岛的海胆Clypeaster japonicus Döderlein的伙伴。这个新种很容易与它的同类区分开来，因为它在第4条腿的第三节上有四根刺和五根刚毛。这是在韩国水域发现的第二种。
{"title":"Pseudanthessius spinosus, a new species of Copepoda (Poecilostomatoida, Pseudanthessiidae) Associated with the Echinoid Clypeaster japonicus from Korea","authors":"Sook Shin, Il-Hoi Kim","doi":"10.1080/12265071.2004.9647728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265071.2004.9647728","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudanthessius spinosus n. sp. is described as an associate of the sea urchin Clypeaster japonicus Döderlein from Cheju Island in Korea. The new species may be easily distinguished from its congeners by having four spines and five setae on the third exopodal segment of leg 4. It is the second known species of the genus from Korean waters.","PeriodicalId":85060,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of biological sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"13 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12265071.2004.9647728","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59655996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1080/12265071.2004.9647730
Heonyong Park, Jaeyoung Shin, Jung Weon Lee, H. Jo
Endothelial cells are subjected to hemodynamic shear stress, the dragging force generated by blood flow. Shear stress regulates endothelial cell shape, structure, and function, including gene expression. Since endothelial cells must be anchored to their extracellular matrices (ECM) for their survival and growth, we hypothesized that ECMs are crucial for shear‐dependent activation of extracellular signal‐activated regulated kinase (ERK) that is important for cell proliferation. Shear stress‐dependent activation of ERK was observed in cells plated on two different matrices, fibronectin and vitronectin (the two most physiologically relevant ECM in endothelial cells). We then treated bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) with Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) peptides that block the functional activation of integrin binding to fibronectin and vitronectin, and a nonfunctional peptide as a control. Treatment of cells with the RGD peptides, but not the control peptide, significantly inhibited ERK activity in a concentration‐dependent manner. This supports the idea that integrin adhesion to the ligands, fibronectin and vitronectin, mediates shear stress‐dependent activation of ERK. Subsequently, whereas antagonists of vitronectin (LM 609, an antibody for integrin αvβ3 and XT 199, an antagonist specific for integrin αvβ3) did not have any effect on shear‐dependent activation of ERK, antagonists of fibronectin (a neutralizing antibody for integrin α5β1 or α4β1 and SM256) had an inhibitory effect. These results clearly demonstrate that mechanoactivation of ERK requires anchoring of endothelial cells to fibronectin through integrins.
{"title":"Fibronectin‐dependent cell adhesion is required for shear‐dependent ERK activation","authors":"Heonyong Park, Jaeyoung Shin, Jung Weon Lee, H. Jo","doi":"10.1080/12265071.2004.9647730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265071.2004.9647730","url":null,"abstract":"Endothelial cells are subjected to hemodynamic shear stress, the dragging force generated by blood flow. Shear stress regulates endothelial cell shape, structure, and function, including gene expression. Since endothelial cells must be anchored to their extracellular matrices (ECM) for their survival and growth, we hypothesized that ECMs are crucial for shear‐dependent activation of extracellular signal‐activated regulated kinase (ERK) that is important for cell proliferation. Shear stress‐dependent activation of ERK was observed in cells plated on two different matrices, fibronectin and vitronectin (the two most physiologically relevant ECM in endothelial cells). We then treated bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) with Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) peptides that block the functional activation of integrin binding to fibronectin and vitronectin, and a nonfunctional peptide as a control. Treatment of cells with the RGD peptides, but not the control peptide, significantly inhibited ERK activity in a concentration‐dependent manner. This supports the idea that integrin adhesion to the ligands, fibronectin and vitronectin, mediates shear stress‐dependent activation of ERK. Subsequently, whereas antagonists of vitronectin (LM 609, an antibody for integrin αvβ3 and XT 199, an antagonist specific for integrin αvβ3) did not have any effect on shear‐dependent activation of ERK, antagonists of fibronectin (a neutralizing antibody for integrin α5β1 or α4β1 and SM256) had an inhibitory effect. These results clearly demonstrate that mechanoactivation of ERK requires anchoring of endothelial cells to fibronectin through integrins.","PeriodicalId":85060,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of biological sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"27 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12265071.2004.9647730","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59656078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1080/12265071.2004.9647744
Sang-hoon Choi
We have extended our previous work that cross‐linking CD4 molecules using specific MAb induced antigen nonspecific, MHC unrestricted killing of virally infected target cells by CD4+ T cells. The killing activity of antibody activated CD4+ T cells was completely blocked by herbimycin A, a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor, but not by bisindolylamaleimide, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. Herbimycin A treated human or bovine peripheral blood CD4+ T cells lacked PTK activity and failed to kill virally infected target cells even after cross‐linking of CD4 molecules. The CD4 cross‐linking failed to induce effector cell proliferation or the transcription of TNFp. Upregulation of TNFp was induced by incubating the antibody activated effector cells with BHV‐1 infected D17 target cells for 10 h. Anti‐TNFp antibody partially abolished (13–44%) the direct effector cell‐mediated antiviral cytotoxicity. However, this antibody neutralized 70 to 100% of antiviral activity of effector and target cell culture supernatants against BHV‐1 infected D17 cells. The inhibition level of the antiviral activity by the antibody was dependent on the effector and target cell ratio. These results support the hypothesis that increased p56 lck enzyme activity in effector cells transduces a signal critical for effector cell recognition of viral glycoproteins expressed on the target cells. Following target cell recognition, lytic cytokines known to participate in target cell killing were produced. A better understanding of the killing activity displayed by CD4+ T lymphocytes following surface receptor cross‐linking will provide insight into the mechanisms of cytotoxic activity directed toward virally‐infected cells.
{"title":"TNFβ induces cytotoxicity of antibody‐activated CD4+ T‐lymphocytes against herpes virus‐infected target cells","authors":"Sang-hoon Choi","doi":"10.1080/12265071.2004.9647744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265071.2004.9647744","url":null,"abstract":"We have extended our previous work that cross‐linking CD4 molecules using specific MAb induced antigen nonspecific, MHC unrestricted killing of virally infected target cells by CD4+ T cells. The killing activity of antibody activated CD4+ T cells was completely blocked by herbimycin A, a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor, but not by bisindolylamaleimide, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. Herbimycin A treated human or bovine peripheral blood CD4+ T cells lacked PTK activity and failed to kill virally infected target cells even after cross‐linking of CD4 molecules. The CD4 cross‐linking failed to induce effector cell proliferation or the transcription of TNFp. Upregulation of TNFp was induced by incubating the antibody activated effector cells with BHV‐1 infected D17 target cells for 10 h. Anti‐TNFp antibody partially abolished (13–44%) the direct effector cell‐mediated antiviral cytotoxicity. However, this antibody neutralized 70 to 100% of antiviral activity of effector and target cell culture supernatants against BHV‐1 infected D17 cells. The inhibition level of the antiviral activity by the antibody was dependent on the effector and target cell ratio. These results support the hypothesis that increased p56 lck enzyme activity in effector cells transduces a signal critical for effector cell recognition of viral glycoproteins expressed on the target cells. Following target cell recognition, lytic cytokines known to participate in target cell killing were produced. A better understanding of the killing activity displayed by CD4+ T lymphocytes following surface receptor cross‐linking will provide insight into the mechanisms of cytotoxic activity directed toward virally‐infected cells.","PeriodicalId":85060,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of biological sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"125 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12265071.2004.9647744","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59656084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1080/12265071.2004.9647740
J. Yoon, Jinsun Kim, Heum-Sook Lee, Kyounbun Lee, C. Cheon, Myeong-Sok Lee, Jong Hoon Park, E. Song
The cytotoxic effect of iron was examined in peritoneal macrophage to determine contributing factors by iron injection to rat. Viability was reduced by 24% by the iron‐overload and by 30% by short‐term iron addition. Total iron was increased by 45% in the iron‐overloaded with remarkable elevation (9 to 14 fold) in the presence of FeSO4. Free calcium was also increased by 19% in control and 44% in iron‐overloaded group due to additional FeSO4. NO and MDA were increased by 40% and 136%, respectively, with significant reduction (37%) of NAD(P)H. RCR and cytochrome c oxidase activity were lowered approximately by 10% with reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential. Addition of iron was frequently associated with altered distribution of mitochondria of high membrane potential in the iron‐overloaded macrophage. These results suggest altered mitochondria with high NO and low NAD(P)H due to iron.
{"title":"Iron toxicity to peritoneal macrophage due to alteration of Mitochondria by NO","authors":"J. Yoon, Jinsun Kim, Heum-Sook Lee, Kyounbun Lee, C. Cheon, Myeong-Sok Lee, Jong Hoon Park, E. Song","doi":"10.1080/12265071.2004.9647740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265071.2004.9647740","url":null,"abstract":"The cytotoxic effect of iron was examined in peritoneal macrophage to determine contributing factors by iron injection to rat. Viability was reduced by 24% by the iron‐overload and by 30% by short‐term iron addition. Total iron was increased by 45% in the iron‐overloaded with remarkable elevation (9 to 14 fold) in the presence of FeSO4. Free calcium was also increased by 19% in control and 44% in iron‐overloaded group due to additional FeSO4. NO and MDA were increased by 40% and 136%, respectively, with significant reduction (37%) of NAD(P)H. RCR and cytochrome c oxidase activity were lowered approximately by 10% with reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential. Addition of iron was frequently associated with altered distribution of mitochondria of high membrane potential in the iron‐overloaded macrophage. These results suggest altered mitochondria with high NO and low NAD(P)H due to iron.","PeriodicalId":85060,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of biological sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"103 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12265071.2004.9647740","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59656458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1080/12265071.2004.9647768
Sang-hoon Choi
Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) head kidney (HK) leukocytes were incubated with 103 to 10‐3 ng levamisole/ml for 4, 24 or 48 h and then assayed for their natural cytotoxic activity against xenogeneic tumor cells. This activity was slightly increased after 24 h of incubation. In a second experiment, fish were fed 0, 75, 150 or 300 mg levamisole/kg diet for 10 consecutive days. The fish were then fed a commercial non‐supplemented diet and sampled 0,1,2,3,4 or 6 weeks post‐administration of levamisole. The cytotoxic activity was found to be increased with increasing levamisole dose and remained greatly enhanced until the end of the experiment. In conclusion, levamisole enhanced flounder natural cytotoxic cell activity both in vitro and in vivo and had a great lasting action when administered by feeding.
{"title":"Levamisole enhances the natural cytotoxic cell activity of Japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) head kidney leukocytes","authors":"Sang-hoon Choi","doi":"10.1080/12265071.2004.9647768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265071.2004.9647768","url":null,"abstract":"Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) head kidney (HK) leukocytes were incubated with 103 to 10‐3 ng levamisole/ml for 4, 24 or 48 h and then assayed for their natural cytotoxic activity against xenogeneic tumor cells. This activity was slightly increased after 24 h of incubation. In a second experiment, fish were fed 0, 75, 150 or 300 mg levamisole/kg diet for 10 consecutive days. The fish were then fed a commercial non‐supplemented diet and sampled 0,1,2,3,4 or 6 weeks post‐administration of levamisole. The cytotoxic activity was found to be increased with increasing levamisole dose and remained greatly enhanced until the end of the experiment. In conclusion, levamisole enhanced flounder natural cytotoxic cell activity both in vitro and in vivo and had a great lasting action when administered by feeding.","PeriodicalId":85060,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of biological sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"329 - 333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12265071.2004.9647768","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59656657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1080/12265071.2004.9647742
Jong-Young Park, Ik-Soo Kim, Yong-Joo Lee, So-Young Kim
The epidermis of the mudskipper, Periophthalmus modestus, consists of three layers‐ the outermost layer, middle layer and stratum germinativum. Extensive fine blood capillaries are present near the superficial layer of epidermis and outermost layer in five fins and a sucking disc. The diffusion distance between the vascular capillaries and the surface of epidermis ranged from 3.6 to 10.9 μm: 3.6 μm in the sucking disc, 10.9 μm in the anal fin and 4.6 to 5.0 μm in the two dorsal fins. Rate of the surface area of respiratory epithelium, the surface area of the fine blood capillaries occupied per surface area of epidermis in 0.1 mm, is 3.7 to 4.4% in two dorsal fins and 1.1% in the anal fin. The middle layer is simpler in structure consisting of small or voluminous cells swollen by epidermal cells, and this layer appeared web‐like. Well‐developed lymphatic spaces containing lymphocytes existed in the stratum germinativum. The five fins and sucking disc had no epidermal glands.
{"title":"Histology and Morphometrics of the epidermis of the fins and sucking disc of the mudskipper, Periophtholmus modestus (Pisces, Gobiidae)","authors":"Jong-Young Park, Ik-Soo Kim, Yong-Joo Lee, So-Young Kim","doi":"10.1080/12265071.2004.9647742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265071.2004.9647742","url":null,"abstract":"The epidermis of the mudskipper, Periophthalmus modestus, consists of three layers‐ the outermost layer, middle layer and stratum germinativum. Extensive fine blood capillaries are present near the superficial layer of epidermis and outermost layer in five fins and a sucking disc. The diffusion distance between the vascular capillaries and the surface of epidermis ranged from 3.6 to 10.9 μm: 3.6 μm in the sucking disc, 10.9 μm in the anal fin and 4.6 to 5.0 μm in the two dorsal fins. Rate of the surface area of respiratory epithelium, the surface area of the fine blood capillaries occupied per surface area of epidermis in 0.1 mm, is 3.7 to 4.4% in two dorsal fins and 1.1% in the anal fin. The middle layer is simpler in structure consisting of small or voluminous cells swollen by epidermal cells, and this layer appeared web‐like. Well‐developed lymphatic spaces containing lymphocytes existed in the stratum germinativum. The five fins and sucking disc had no epidermal glands.","PeriodicalId":85060,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of biological sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"111 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12265071.2004.9647742","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59656481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1080/12265071.2004.9647762
Youn-Bong Ku, Hyun-Kyung Oh, H. Kong, M. Suh, Min‐Hyo Lee, S. Trybush, Kang-Hyun Cho
Bupleurum latissimum is a narrowly endemic and endangered plant, restricted to only two small populations on steep cliffs of a small island, Ulleung Island, inKorea. The genetic diversity and population differentiation in the two remnant populations of the species were investigated using RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) analysis. The Nei's gene diversities were 0.146 in the smaller population of 45 individuals, and 0.151 in the larger population of 61 individuals. The geneticvariation was not significantly different between these two populations. Genetic diversity within populations was not low considering the very small size of populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed higher variation with in populations (65.9%) than genetic differentiation between them (34.1%). B. latissimum revealed higher population differentiation than other outbreeding species. The differentiation of the populations corresponded to low gene flow (Nem = 0.482). The cluster and principal coordination analyses provide strong support for high population differentiation, showing that all individuals of the two populations have built up population‐specific clusters. Although gene flow between the two populations ofß. latissimum was limited, they have preserved relatively high levels of genetic variation.
{"title":"Genetic diversity and differentiation in remnant populations of bupleurum latissimum nakai, an endangered endemic plant species to ulleung island, Korea","authors":"Youn-Bong Ku, Hyun-Kyung Oh, H. Kong, M. Suh, Min‐Hyo Lee, S. Trybush, Kang-Hyun Cho","doi":"10.1080/12265071.2004.9647762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12265071.2004.9647762","url":null,"abstract":"Bupleurum latissimum is a narrowly endemic and endangered plant, restricted to only two small populations on steep cliffs of a small island, Ulleung Island, inKorea. The genetic diversity and population differentiation in the two remnant populations of the species were investigated using RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) analysis. The Nei's gene diversities were 0.146 in the smaller population of 45 individuals, and 0.151 in the larger population of 61 individuals. The geneticvariation was not significantly different between these two populations. Genetic diversity within populations was not low considering the very small size of populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed higher variation with in populations (65.9%) than genetic differentiation between them (34.1%). B. latissimum revealed higher population differentiation than other outbreeding species. The differentiation of the populations corresponded to low gene flow (Nem = 0.482). The cluster and principal coordination analyses provide strong support for high population differentiation, showing that all individuals of the two populations have built up population‐specific clusters. Although gene flow between the two populations ofß. latissimum was limited, they have preserved relatively high levels of genetic variation.","PeriodicalId":85060,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of biological sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"289 - 294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12265071.2004.9647762","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59656503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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