Purpose: This study aims to provide baseline data on men's cut styles by investigating and analyzing the perceptions, technical, and the height of the singling in the Sang-go cutstyles for hairdressers working in the field.Method: The survey was conducted for the hairdressers and the SPSS 25.0 statistical program was used for data analysis. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, and Cronbach's α coefficient were calculated, and crossover analysis, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan test were performed.Result: Following the analysis of the reliability in the perception of singling, the design effect was shown to be the highest, followed by necessity, then satisfaction. The technical was found to be "the connection of the singling and the top," and after analyzing the determinants of the singling height, "the shape of the head" was found to be the highest.Conclusion: Through the study, the importance of singling in the Sang-go cut style was found out, and basic data necessary for men's cut design was established through a study on singles and techniques for the archaic cut style of beauty experts.
{"title":"A Study on the Singling and Technology of Sang-go Cut Style by Beauty Experts","authors":"Seon-Mi Jang, Won-Ji Jung","doi":"10.20402/ajbc.2023.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2023.0033","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study aims to provide baseline data on men's cut styles by investigating and analyzing the perceptions, technical, and the height of the singling in the Sang-go cutstyles for hairdressers working in the field.Method: The survey was conducted for the hairdressers and the SPSS 25.0 statistical program was used for data analysis. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, and Cronbach's α coefficient were calculated, and crossover analysis, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan test were performed.Result: Following the analysis of the reliability in the perception of singling, the design effect was shown to be the highest, followed by necessity, then satisfaction. The technical was found to be \"the connection of the singling and the top,\" and after analyzing the determinants of the singling height, \"the shape of the head\" was found to be the highest.Conclusion: Through the study, the importance of singling in the Sang-go cut style was found out, and basic data necessary for men's cut design was established through a study on singles and techniques for the archaic cut style of beauty experts.","PeriodicalId":8508,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135586289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Sedum kamtschaticum Fisch. (SK), a plant native to Korea, was studied as a natural preservative and antiaging cosmetic ingredient.Methods: The stems and roots of SK were separated; extracted through reflux with 70% ethanol; and fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol, and water. The ethyl acetate fractions were evaluated for their antiaging effects, including antiglycation activity and elastase and collagenase inhibitory activity. Their antimicrobial activity on seven microorganisms was evaluated using the paper disk diffusion method and challenge test. In addition, the stability of lotion formulations and skin penetration were assessed using the Franz diffusion cell method.Results: The ethyl acetate fractions of SK with the best antioxidant effects exhibited better antiglycation and collagenase-inhibitory activity than the positive control as well as excellent antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Emulsion formulations containing 0.05% and 0.1% SK stem extract exhibited synergistic preservative effects. The SK stem extract displayed the ability to penetrate into an artificial membrane and human cadaver skin.Conclusion: SK extracts can be used as antiaging and antimicrobial cosmetic materials.
{"title":"Anti-aging and Antimicrobial Effects of the Stems and Roots of Sedum kamtschaticum in Cosmetic Production","authors":"Jayoung Kim, Bora Kim","doi":"10.20402/ajbc.2023.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2023.0026","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Sedum kamtschaticum Fisch. (SK), a plant native to Korea, was studied as a natural preservative and antiaging cosmetic ingredient.Methods: The stems and roots of SK were separated; extracted through reflux with 70% ethanol; and fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol, and water. The ethyl acetate fractions were evaluated for their antiaging effects, including antiglycation activity and elastase and collagenase inhibitory activity. Their antimicrobial activity on seven microorganisms was evaluated using the paper disk diffusion method and challenge test. In addition, the stability of lotion formulations and skin penetration were assessed using the Franz diffusion cell method.Results: The ethyl acetate fractions of SK with the best antioxidant effects exhibited better antiglycation and collagenase-inhibitory activity than the positive control as well as excellent antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Emulsion formulations containing 0.05% and 0.1% SK stem extract exhibited synergistic preservative effects. The SK stem extract displayed the ability to penetrate into an artificial membrane and human cadaver skin.Conclusion: SK extracts can be used as antiaging and antimicrobial cosmetic materials.","PeriodicalId":8508,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135586822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This study seeks to investigate the impact of hairdressers’ motivation to participate in volunteer activities on their job satisfaction.Methods: The research subjects were hairdressers living in Gwangju Metropolitan City and Jeonlanamdo who have experience in volunteer activities, and a survey was conducted from December 1 to December 30, 2022. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression analyses were performed on 211 copies, excluding surveys with incomplete responses, by using the SPSS v. 25.0 Statistical Package Program. Results: The analysis showed the followingresults: First, self-development motivation, cause-directed motivation, external motivation, and leisure motivation as subfactors of the motivation to participate in volunteer activities had a statistically significant positive (+) correlation with cosmetology job satisfaction and interpersonal satisfaction as subfactors of job satisfaction (p<0.001); Second, self-development motivation and leisure motivation were found to have a statistically significant positive (+) effect on cosmetology job satisfaction; Third, leisure motivation, self-development motivation, and cause-directed motivation were found to have a statistically significant positive (+) effect on interpersonal satisfaction.Conclusion: It can be confirmed that self-development motivation and leisure motivation are important factors in hairdressers' job satisfaction as subfactors of their motivation to participate in volunteer activities. For interpersonal satisfaction, it can be confirmed that leisure motivation, self-development motivation, and cause-directed motivation are important factors among the subfactors of motivation to participate in volunteer activities.
摘要目的:本研究旨在探讨美发师参与义工活动的动机对其工作满意度的影响。方法:研究对象为生活在光州和全南道的有志愿者活动经验的美发师，于2022年12月1日至12月30日进行调查。数据分析采用SPSS v. 25.0统计软件包程序对211份问卷进行描述性统计、相关分析和多元回归分析，剔除不完全回复的问卷。结果:分析结果显示:第一，自我发展动机、原因导向动机、外部动机、休闲动机作为志愿活动参与动机的子因素，与美容工作满意度和人际满意度作为工作满意度的子因素具有统计学意义的正(+)相关(p<0.001);第二，自我发展动机和休闲动机对美容工作满意度有显著的正(+)效应;第三，休闲动机、自我发展动机和原因导向动机对人际满意度有显著的正向(+)影响。结论:自我发展动机和休闲动机是影响美发师工作满意度的重要因素，是美发师参与志愿者活动动机的子因素。对于人际满意度，可以证实，在参与志愿者活动动机的子因素中，休闲动机、自我发展动机和原因导向动机是重要因素。
{"title":"Impact of Hairdressers’ Motivation to Participate in Volunteer Activities on Job Satisfaction","authors":"Oh Sun Yoon","doi":"10.20402/ajbc.2023.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2023.0031","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study seeks to investigate the impact of hairdressers’ motivation to participate in volunteer activities on their job satisfaction.Methods: The research subjects were hairdressers living in Gwangju Metropolitan City and Jeonlanamdo who have experience in volunteer activities, and a survey was conducted from December 1 to December 30, 2022. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression analyses were performed on 211 copies, excluding surveys with incomplete responses, by using the SPSS v. 25.0 Statistical Package Program. Results: The analysis showed the followingresults: First, self-development motivation, cause-directed motivation, external motivation, and leisure motivation as subfactors of the motivation to participate in volunteer activities had a statistically significant positive (+) correlation with cosmetology job satisfaction and interpersonal satisfaction as subfactors of job satisfaction (p<0.001); Second, self-development motivation and leisure motivation were found to have a statistically significant positive (+) effect on cosmetology job satisfaction; Third, leisure motivation, self-development motivation, and cause-directed motivation were found to have a statistically significant positive (+) effect on interpersonal satisfaction.Conclusion: It can be confirmed that self-development motivation and leisure motivation are important factors in hairdressers' job satisfaction as subfactors of their motivation to participate in volunteer activities. For interpersonal satisfaction, it can be confirmed that leisure motivation, self-development motivation, and cause-directed motivation are important factors among the subfactors of motivation to participate in volunteer activities.","PeriodicalId":8508,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135586974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This study aims to comprehend the impact of consumers’ perception of environmental management strategies on their involvement in eco-friendly attitude formation and loyalty to cosmetics brands.Methods: The research hypothesis was confirmed by performing frequency, correlation, and confirmation factor analyses, and the structural equation model, using the statistical processing program SPSS 28.0, on 316 adult men and women who use cosmetics brands.Results: First, it was discovered that environmental management awareness for cosmetics brands had a significant positive influence on forming consumers’ brand attitudes and loyalty (p<0.001). Second, it was observed that consumers’ eco-friendly involvement had a significant positive effect on attitudes toward cosmetic brands and loyalty (p <0.001).Conclusion: This study confirmed that cosmetics brands’ environmental management strategies and consumers’ eco-friendly involvement have a significant impact on each brand’s attitude formation and brand loyalty, implying that marketing strategies for target consumers with high eco-friendly involvement are required.
{"title":"Relationship between Brand Attitude and Loyalty according to Cosmetic Brand’s Environmental Management and Involvement","authors":"Suyeun Lim, Ki Han Kwon","doi":"10.20402/ajbc.2023.0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2023.0055","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study aims to comprehend the impact of consumers’ perception of environmental management strategies on their involvement in eco-friendly attitude formation and loyalty to cosmetics brands.Methods: The research hypothesis was confirmed by performing frequency, correlation, and confirmation factor analyses, and the structural equation model, using the statistical processing program SPSS 28.0, on 316 adult men and women who use cosmetics brands.Results: First, it was discovered that environmental management awareness for cosmetics brands had a significant positive influence on forming consumers’ brand attitudes and loyalty (p<0.001). Second, it was observed that consumers’ eco-friendly involvement had a significant positive effect on attitudes toward cosmetic brands and loyalty (p <0.001).Conclusion: This study confirmed that cosmetics brands’ environmental management strategies and consumers’ eco-friendly involvement have a significant impact on each brand’s attitude formation and brand loyalty, implying that marketing strategies for target consumers with high eco-friendly involvement are required.","PeriodicalId":8508,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135720844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ying Zhang, Jun-wen Tao, Miao-miao Guo, Dan Yu, Li Li
Sanguis Draconis, the prepared resin of the fruit of Daemonorops draco Bl., is a precious traditional medicine from Southeast Asia. It has the effects of activating blood circulation and calming pain, removing blood stasis and hemostasis, generating muscle and astringeting sores. It is used for traumatic injury, abdominal stasis and pain, traumatic bleeding, etc. The chemical composition of Sanguis Draconis is complex, mainly including flavonoids, diterpenoid acids and other effective components. Modern pharmacological studies show that Sanguis Draconis has excellent pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, promoting wound healing and so on. This paper comprehensively arranges and summarizes the research status of the variety sources, chemical components and pharmacological effects of Sanguis Draconis, so as to provide scientific basis and new ideas for future research of Sanguis Draconis.
{"title":"Advances in the Study of Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Sanguis Draconis","authors":"Ying Zhang, Jun-wen Tao, Miao-miao Guo, Dan Yu, Li Li","doi":"10.20402/ajbc.2023.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2023.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Sanguis Draconis, the prepared resin of the fruit of Daemonorops draco Bl., is a precious traditional medicine from Southeast Asia. It has the effects of activating blood circulation and calming pain, removing blood stasis and hemostasis, generating muscle and astringeting sores. It is used for traumatic injury, abdominal stasis and pain, traumatic bleeding, etc. The chemical composition of Sanguis Draconis is complex, mainly including flavonoids, diterpenoid acids and other effective components. Modern pharmacological studies show that Sanguis Draconis has excellent pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, promoting wound healing and so on. This paper comprehensively arranges and summarizes the research status of the variety sources, chemical components and pharmacological effects of Sanguis Draconis, so as to provide scientific basis and new ideas for future research of Sanguis Draconis.","PeriodicalId":8508,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135720845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qianqian Su, Cheng Zhou, Congfen He, Qian Jiao, Zidi Wang, Yan Jia
Human hair is a natural fiber with keratin and keratin-related proteins as a main component. Externally, hair is a thin, pliable tube of dead, fully keratinized epithelial cells, while inside the skin, it is part of a single living hair follicle. In addition to a large amount of protein, hair also contains low levels of lipids and pigments. The hair also has its own ecological balance system. Although the lipid content in hair is much lower than the protein content, it plays an important role in hair and influences hair texture to some extent. For example, prevent hair breakage and thinning; To act as a barrier to moisture loss; and improve the gloss, elasticity and tensile strength of the hair stem. Environment, hair dressing and daily care can all cause hair damage to varying degrees. Factors such as ultraviolet light and chemicals can make hair dry, rough, dull, stiff and brittle by destroying the proteins, pigment sand lipid sin the hair. In this paper, the composition, classification and influencing factors of hair were reviewed. The composition and function of lipids in hair were investigated emphatically. It aims to improve people's understanding of the physical and chemical properties and structure of hair. It provides reference value for the research and development of hair cosmetics for different hair states and washing purposes. The function of hair lipids on hair is not accurate. In addition, there is still some controversy on the existing role of hair lipids, which needs further research.
{"title":"Research Progress in Composition, Classification and Influencing Factors of Hair","authors":"Qianqian Su, Cheng Zhou, Congfen He, Qian Jiao, Zidi Wang, Yan Jia","doi":"10.20402/ajbc.2023.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2023.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Human hair is a natural fiber with keratin and keratin-related proteins as a main component. Externally, hair is a thin, pliable tube of dead, fully keratinized epithelial cells, while inside the skin, it is part of a single living hair follicle. In addition to a large amount of protein, hair also contains low levels of lipids and pigments. The hair also has its own ecological balance system. Although the lipid content in hair is much lower than the protein content, it plays an important role in hair and influences hair texture to some extent. For example, prevent hair breakage and thinning; To act as a barrier to moisture loss; and improve the gloss, elasticity and tensile strength of the hair stem. Environment, hair dressing and daily care can all cause hair damage to varying degrees. Factors such as ultraviolet light and chemicals can make hair dry, rough, dull, stiff and brittle by destroying the proteins, pigment sand lipid sin the hair. In this paper, the composition, classification and influencing factors of hair were reviewed. The composition and function of lipids in hair were investigated emphatically. It aims to improve people's understanding of the physical and chemical properties and structure of hair. It provides reference value for the research and development of hair cosmetics for different hair states and washing purposes. The function of hair lipids on hair is not accurate. In addition, there is still some controversy on the existing role of hair lipids, which needs further research.","PeriodicalId":8508,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135720847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This study assessed Citrus junos essential oil (CJEO) as an anti-aging agent for improving skin health.Methods: CJEO was extracted from authenticated C. junos fruit peels, and its chemical composition was analyzed using a gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). In vitro experiments were conducted on human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) to evaluate CJEO’s impact on cell viability, anti-inflammatory activity, collagen synthesis, and collagen degradation. The expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, MMP-1, MMP-3, COL1A1, and COL3A1 was quantified using RT-qPCR. A dermal patch test was performed on human participants to assess potential skin irritation, and clinical evaluations were conducted on 20 female participants to analyze CJEO’s effects on skin elasticity.Results: CJEO effectively inhibited nitric oxide production and significantly suppressed the expression of inflammatory markers, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and NF-κB, as well as collagen degradation markers MMP-1 and MMP-3. Furthermore, CJEO treatment upregulated the expression of genes associated with collagen synthesis, specifically COL1A1 and COL3A1. Notably, significant improvements in skin elasticity were observed in the 20 female participants. The dermal patch test indicated excellent tolerance of the CJEO emulsion without causing irritation.Conclusions: CJEO exhibits promising potential as a bioactive ingredient in anti-aging cosmeceuticals. Its anti-inflammatory properties, ability to stimulate collagen synthesis, suggest efficacy in reducing skin aging and promoting overall skin health. Additionally, the dermal patch test confirms CJEO’s safety, supporting its suitability for use in cosmetic formulations. These findings endorse CJEO as an effective and safe component in anti-aging skincare products.
{"title":"Evaluation of Citrus junos Essential Oil as a Promising Anti-aging Ingredient: In Vitro and Clinical Studies on Skin Health improvement","authors":"Byel Kim, Seunghee Bae","doi":"10.20402/ajbc.2023.0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2023.0070","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study assessed Citrus junos essential oil (CJEO) as an anti-aging agent for improving skin health.Methods: CJEO was extracted from authenticated C. junos fruit peels, and its chemical composition was analyzed using a gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). In vitro experiments were conducted on human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) to evaluate CJEO’s impact on cell viability, anti-inflammatory activity, collagen synthesis, and collagen degradation. The expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, MMP-1, MMP-3, COL1A1, and COL3A1 was quantified using RT-qPCR. A dermal patch test was performed on human participants to assess potential skin irritation, and clinical evaluations were conducted on 20 female participants to analyze CJEO’s effects on skin elasticity.Results: CJEO effectively inhibited nitric oxide production and significantly suppressed the expression of inflammatory markers, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and NF-κB, as well as collagen degradation markers MMP-1 and MMP-3. Furthermore, CJEO treatment upregulated the expression of genes associated with collagen synthesis, specifically COL1A1 and COL3A1. Notably, significant improvements in skin elasticity were observed in the 20 female participants. The dermal patch test indicated excellent tolerance of the CJEO emulsion without causing irritation.Conclusions: CJEO exhibits promising potential as a bioactive ingredient in anti-aging cosmeceuticals. Its anti-inflammatory properties, ability to stimulate collagen synthesis, suggest efficacy in reducing skin aging and promoting overall skin health. Additionally, the dermal patch test confirms CJEO’s safety, supporting its suitability for use in cosmetic formulations. These findings endorse CJEO as an effective and safe component in anti-aging skincare products.","PeriodicalId":8508,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135719872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To conduct electroencephalography (EEG) and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) measurements to establish quantitative data on brainwave responses to changes in eyeshadow color, specifically the area ratio of red (R) and blue green (BG) eyeshadows.Methods: A study was conducted on 60 males and females in their 20s using R, BG eyeshadow to determine brainwave responses via spontaneous EEG and VEPs while presenting stimuli with changes in area. The analysis focused on brainwave responses to changes in area.Results: The brainwave responses to color stimuli demonstrated the maximum activity in the occipital lobe. Specifically, the results of the EEG analysis indicated the highest level of psychological relaxation response at the golden ratio (1.61) of the eyeshadow area. Furthermore, when participants wore BG eyeshadow, their brainwave responses remained stable, with consistent alpha wave activation. The presentation of stimuli using only the R eyeshadow resulted in a significant increase in arousal and attention levels among the participants. Perceptual responses exhibited variations based on the ratio of the main color and point color in the color contrast, and rapid VEPs responses were observed specifically under high saturation conditions. Furthermore, the study revealed a high correlation between the brainwave response results and color images, indicating that an optimal ratio of color areas can maximize the impact of the color image.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that by adjusting the area ratio of colors, it is possible to scientifically determine and achieve the desired color effects in color planning. The brain cognitive responses, resulting from variations in eyeshadow area, can serve as valuable quantitative data for image-making purposes, and can be applied to various fields in the beauty industry to expand their usability
{"title":"Effect of Changes in the Area Ratio of Red/Blue Green Eyeshadow on Cognitive Processing in the Brain","authors":"Min-Kyung Kim","doi":"10.20402/ajbc.2023.0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2023.0057","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To conduct electroencephalography (EEG) and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) measurements to establish quantitative data on brainwave responses to changes in eyeshadow color, specifically the area ratio of red (R) and blue green (BG) eyeshadows.Methods: A study was conducted on 60 males and females in their 20s using R, BG eyeshadow to determine brainwave responses via spontaneous EEG and VEPs while presenting stimuli with changes in area. The analysis focused on brainwave responses to changes in area.Results: The brainwave responses to color stimuli demonstrated the maximum activity in the occipital lobe. Specifically, the results of the EEG analysis indicated the highest level of psychological relaxation response at the golden ratio (1.61) of the eyeshadow area. Furthermore, when participants wore BG eyeshadow, their brainwave responses remained stable, with consistent alpha wave activation. The presentation of stimuli using only the R eyeshadow resulted in a significant increase in arousal and attention levels among the participants. Perceptual responses exhibited variations based on the ratio of the main color and point color in the color contrast, and rapid VEPs responses were observed specifically under high saturation conditions. Furthermore, the study revealed a high correlation between the brainwave response results and color images, indicating that an optimal ratio of color areas can maximize the impact of the color image.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that by adjusting the area ratio of colors, it is possible to scientifically determine and achieve the desired color effects in color planning. The brain cognitive responses, resulting from variations in eyeshadow area, can serve as valuable quantitative data for image-making purposes, and can be applied to various fields in the beauty industry to expand their usability","PeriodicalId":8508,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135720854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This study was aimed at investigating the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Salvia microphylla (SM) extract (SME).Methods: Powdered SM was treated with ethanol and decocted to acquire SME. The antioxidant activities of SME were assessed by evaluating its total polyphenolic, and flavonoid , contents and performing 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. The anti-inflammatory activities of SME were verified by examining the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated RAW 264.7 macrophages.Results: The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in SME were 102.26±0.39 mg GAE/g and 377.42±0.77 mg QUE/g, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS assays revealed the antioxidant activities of SME by exhibiting their ability to scavenge radicals in a concentration-dependent manner (50-1000 μg/mL). The cell viability of SME exceeded 99% at 50-1000 μg/mL. The concentration-dependent reduction in the expression of the inflammation mediator iNOS and subsequent NO production indicated an approximately 100% inhibition efficacy at 600 μg/mL (0.00±1.34%). These results confirmed the potential of SME as a component of cosmeceuticals.Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, SME is explicitly acknowledged for its applicability as a natural preservative possessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities as well as a raw material for cosmeceuticals intended to alleviate skin irritation.
{"title":"A Study on Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory of Salvia microphylla Ethanol Extract","authors":"Guen Won Choi, Hyeon Mi Jo, In Ho Choi","doi":"10.20402/ajbc.2023.0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2023.0077","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study was aimed at investigating the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of <ji>Salvia microphylla (SM) extract (SME).Methods: Powdered SM was treated with ethanol and decocted to acquire SME. The antioxidant activities of SME were assessed by evaluating its total polyphenolic, and flavonoid , contents and performing 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. The anti-inflammatory activities of SME were verified by examining the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated RAW 264.7 macrophages.Results: The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in SME were 102.26±0.39 mg GAE/g and 377.42±0.77 mg QUE/g, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS assays revealed the antioxidant activities of SME by exhibiting their ability to scavenge radicals in a concentration-dependent manner (50-1000 μg/mL). The cell viability of SME exceeded 99% at 50-1000 μg/mL. The concentration-dependent reduction in the expression of the inflammation mediator iNOS and subsequent NO production indicated an approximately 100% inhibition efficacy at 600 μg/mL (0.00±1.34%). These results confirmed the potential of SME as a component of cosmeceuticals.Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, SME is explicitly acknowledged for its applicability as a natural preservative possessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities as well as a raw material for cosmeceuticals intended to alleviate skin irritation.","PeriodicalId":8508,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135719867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this review is to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of aromatherapy as a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for hot flashes (HF) in menopausal middle-aged women. This review is a literature review, and a descriptive review method was used in this study. A total of 436 references were selected using representative journal search sites such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and RISS, and among them, a total of 44 papers were selected in the final stage based on the years 2000-2022 using PRISMA flow diagram. Aromatherapy has been shown to relieve HF in menopausal middle-aged women. Aromatherapy, which is simple, non-invasive, and safe to use, requires various systematic studies such as effective CAM for hot flashes, types of aroma oils, usage methods, and dosages.
{"title":"Rethinking the Role of Estrogen and the Effect of Aromatherapy on Hot Flashes in Menopausal Middle-aged Women","authors":"Junghwa Sim, Ki Han Kwon","doi":"10.20402/ajbc.2023.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2023.0029","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this review is to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of aromatherapy as a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for hot flashes (HF) in menopausal middle-aged women. This review is a literature review, and a descriptive review method was used in this study. A total of 436 references were selected using representative journal search sites such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and RISS, and among them, a total of 44 papers were selected in the final stage based on the years 2000-2022 using PRISMA flow diagram. Aromatherapy has been shown to relieve HF in menopausal middle-aged women. Aromatherapy, which is simple, non-invasive, and safe to use, requires various systematic studies such as effective CAM for hot flashes, types of aroma oils, usage methods, and dosages.","PeriodicalId":8508,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135719868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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