Applied Animal Science最新文献_第5页

Effects of increasing the concentration of neutral detergent fiber in roughage and bulk density of steam-flaked corn on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and liver abscesses of finishing beef steers fed diets without tylosin phosphate*† 提高粗饲料中中性洗涤纤维的浓度和蒸压玉米的容重对饲喂不含磷酸泰乐菌素的日粮的育成肉牛的生长性能、胴体特征和肝脓肿的影响*†.

IF 1.5 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02484

Z.S. McDaniel , M.L. Galyean , P.R. Broadway , J.A. Carroll , N.C. Burdick Sanchez , A.N. Hanratty , C.W. Dornbach , D.J. Line , T.M. Smock , J.L. Manahan , K.E. Hales

Objective

We evaluated the effects of dietary NDF concentration from alfalfa hay and bulk density of steam- flaked corn (SFC) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and liver abscesses in finishing beef steers.

Materials and Methods

Crossbred beef steers (n = 214; 60 pens; initial BW = 417 ± 11.9 kg) were blocked by BW and assigned randomly to treatments and fed an average of 112 d. The treatments were arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial with 10 pens per treatment and consisted of 3 NDF concentrations from alfalfa hay (3%, 4.5%, or 6%) and 309 g/L (24 lb/bu) or 412 g/L (32 lb/bu) SFC (69% or 33% starch availability, respectively). Growth performance and carcass data were analyzed with PROC MIXED of SAS with pen as the experimental unit. Quality grades and liver scores were analyzed as binomial proportions using PROC GLIMMIX. Contrast statements were used to separate linear and quadratic effects of increasing roughage NDF.

Results and Discussion

Dry matter intake responded quadratically from d 0 to 35 as roughage NDF increased from 3% to 6%, and DMI increased linearly as roughage NDF increased on d 70 to 105 and d 0 to final. Otherwise, no differences in growth performance were noted. Marbling score responded quadratically to roughage level and was greater for steers fed 3% than for those fed 4.5% or 6% roughage NDF. Steers fed 309 g/L SFC tended to have a larger LM area than those fed 412 g/L SFC. The total percentage of abscessed livers at slaughter decreased linearly as roughage NDF was increased from 3% to 6% of DM as did the presence of A⁺ abscesses. In addition, total liver abscesses were 13.9 percentage points less in steers fed 412 versus 309 g/L SFC.

Implications and Applications

Results suggest that increasing roughage NDF and bulk density of SFC are dietary strategies that can decrease the presence of liver abscesses at slaughter without negatively affecting growth performance.

材料与方法杂交肉牛（n = 214；60 个栏；初始体重 = 417 ± 11.处理以 2 × 3 因式排列，每个处理有 10 个牛栏，包括 3 种浓度的苜蓿干草 NDF（3%、4.5% 或 6%）和 309 克/升（24 磅/步）或 412 克/升（32 磅/步）的 SFC（淀粉利用率分别为 69% 或 33%）。生长性能和胴体数据用 SAS 的 PROC MIXED 分析，以栏为实验单位。质量等级和肝脏评分用 PROC GLIMMIX 作为二项比例进行分析。结果与讨论当粗饲料 NDF 从 3% 增加到 6% 时，干物质摄入量从第 0 天到第 35 天呈二次方响应；当粗饲料 NDF 在第 70 天到第 105 天和第 0 天到最后一天增加时，DMI 呈线性增加。除此之外，生长性能没有任何差异。大理石纹评分与粗饲料水平呈二次函数关系，饲喂 3% 粗饲料 NDF 的阉牛的大理石纹评分高于饲喂 4.5% 或 6% 粗饲料 NDF 的阉牛。与饲喂 412 克/升 SFC 的犊牛相比，饲喂 309 克/升 SFC 的犊牛的大理石纹面积更大。当粗饲料 NDF 从 DM 的 3% 增加到 6% 时，屠宰时肝脏脓肿的总百分比呈线性下降，A+ 脓肿的存在率也是如此。结果表明，增加粗饲料 NDF 和 SFC 的体积密度是一种日粮策略，可减少屠宰时肝脓肿的出现而不会对生长性能产生负面影响。

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引用次数: 0

A real-time PCR assay for the detection and quantification of Fusobacterium necrophorum and Fusobacterium varium in ruminal contents of cattle* 用于检测和定量牛瘤胃内容物中的坏死镰刀菌和变异镰刀菌的实时 PCR 分析法*

IF 1.5 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02507

Alyssa Deters , Xiaorong Shi , Jianfa Bai , Qing Kang , Jacques Mathieu , T.G. Nagaraja

Objectives

Our objectives were to develop and vali- date a quantitative PCR assay for the detection and quantification of the 2 subspecies of Fusobacterium nec- rophorum (ssp. necrophorum and ssp. funduliforme) and a recently recognized species, Fusobacterium varium, in ruminal contents of cattle collected at slaughter.

Materials and Methods

A quantitative PCR assay with primers and probes designed to target hgdA, which encodes for 2-hydroxyglutaryl dehydratase, for F. necroph- orum (hgdA-n) and F. varium (hgdA-v), and the leukotox- in promotor region, lktA-n and lktA-f, for the 2 subspecies of F. necrophorum were developed and validated. A total of 345 ruminal fluid samples were collected in an abattoir immediately after slaughter, which included 181 (52.5%) samples from cattle with apparently healthy, nonabscessed livers and 164 (47.5%) from cattle with abscessed livers. Basal media with lactate or lysine as the major energy source and each with or without josamycin, vancomycin, and norfloxacin were used to enrich ruminal samples that were below the lower limit of quantification.

Results and Discussion

The ssp. necrophorum was quantified in 22% and 29% of samples from cattle with nonabscessed and abscessed livers, respectively. The ssp. funduliforme and F. varium were prevalent in almost all ruminal samples (98% to 100%) and were not different between cattle with or without abscessed livers. The mean concentrations of the 2 subspecies and F. varium were 10³ to 10⁴ cfu/mL and were not different between cattle with abscessed or nonabscessed livers.

Implications and Applications

A major finding of the study was that only a small proportion of the ruminal contents harbored the ssp. necrophorum, which suggested that it is not a normal member of the ruminal microbial community. In contrast, the ssp. funduliforme and F. vari- um were prevalent in all ruminal contents tested. Because F. varium is a pathogen, the question whether the species contributes to the development of liver abscesses needs to be investigated.

目的我们的目的是开发和鉴定一种定量 PCR 检测方法，用于检测和定量屠宰时收集的牛瘤胃内容物中的坏死镰刀菌的 2 个亚种（ssp. necrophorum 和 ssp. funduliforme）以及最近被确认的一个物种 Fusobacterium varium。材料与方法针对F. necroph- orum（hgdA-n）和F. varium（hgdA-v）设计了编码2-羟基戊二酰脱水酶的hgdA引物和探针，针对F. necrophorum的2个亚种设计了白细胞毒素启动子区域lktA-n和lktA-f引物和探针，开发并验证了定量PCR检测方法。屠宰场在屠宰后立即收集了 345 份瘤胃液样本，其中 181 份（52.5%）来自肝脏明显健康、无脓肿的牛，164 份（47.5%）来自肝脏脓肿的牛。使用以乳酸盐或赖氨酸为主要能量来源的基础培养基，以及添加或不添加交沙霉素、万古霉素和诺氟沙星的培养基来富集定量下限以下的瘤胃样本。Funduliforme 和 F. varium 在几乎所有瘤胃样本中都普遍存在（98% 至 100%），并且在肝脏有无脓肿的牛中没有差异。2 个亚种和 F. varium 的平均浓度为 103 至 104 cfu/mL，在肝脏有脓肿或无脓肿的牛之间没有差异。与此相反，Funduliforme 和 F. vari- um 在所有检测的瘤胃内容物中都很普遍。由于F. varium是一种病原体，因此需要研究该物种是否会导致肝脓肿的发生。

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引用次数: 0

Use of a novel direct-fed microbial as an alternative for tylosin phosphate to control liver abscesses and decrease antimicrobial use in finishing beef steers*† 使用新型直接饲喂微生物菌剂替代磷酸泰乐菌素，控制育成肉牛肝脓肿并减少抗菌药用量*†。

IF 1.5 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02483

A.A. Hoffman , S.C. Fernando , J.E. Wells , D.R. Woerner , J.L. Manahan , N.S. Long , Z.S. McDaniel , T.M. Smock , J.A. Carroll , N.C. Burdick Sanchez , P.R. Broadway , K.E. Hales

Objective

Our goal was to evaluate the use of a novel direct-fed microbial as an alternative to antimicrobials to decrease liver abscesses in finishing beef cattle.

Materials and Methods

Beef steers (n = 240; initial BW = 263 ± 18.0 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design comprising 3 BW blocks and 3 pen replications per treatment during the receiving period and 3 BW blocks and 14 to 15 pen replications per treatment during the finishing phase. Experimental treatments were assigned randomly to pen within BW block and consisted of (1) negative control, dietary supplement with no tylosin phosphate; (2) positive control, dietary supplement formulated to supply 90 mg of tylosin phosphate daily (Tylan-100; Elanco Animal Health); (3) positive control with tylosin phosphate removed the last 65 d of the feeding period; and (4) novel direct-fed microbial Bacillus licheniformis fed daily at 1 × 10¹¹ cfu/steer.

Results and Discussion

From d 0 to 59, ADG, DMI, DMI as a percentage of BW, and G:F did not differ. During the finishing period, live- and carcass-adjusted final BW did not differ among treatments. Likewise, in the finishing period, there were no differences in ADG, DMI, DMI as a percentage of BW, or G:F. No differences in hot carcass weight, DP, marbling score, longissimus dorsi area, 12th-rib fat thickness, or calculated yield grade were detected among dietary treatments. Liver abscess incidence and severity were not affected by dietary treatments.

Implications and Applications

The use of a novel direct-fed microbial, B. licheniformis, in beef cattle fed in small research pens did not affect growth performance, carcass characteristics, or liver abscess prevalence or severity. Bacillus licheniformis is not a viable strategy to decrease liver abscesses in growing and finishing beef cattle.

我们的目标是评估使用一种新型直接饲喂微生物来替代抗菌素，以减少育成期肉牛肝脓肿的发生。材料和方法采用随机完全区组设计，在接受期每个处理包括 3 个体重区组和 3 个重复栏，在育成期每个处理包括 3 个体重区组和 14 到 15 个重复栏。实验处理被随机分配到体重块内的圈舍，包括：（1）阴性对照组，日粮中不添加磷酸泰乐菌素；（2）阳性对照组，日粮中添加 90 mg 磷酸泰乐菌素（Tylan-100；Elanco Animal Health）；（3）阳性对照组，在饲喂期的最后 65 d 去掉磷酸泰乐菌素；（4）新型直接饲喂微生物地衣芽孢杆菌，日饲喂量为 1 × 1011 cfu/头。结果与讨论从第 0 天到第 59 天，ADG、DMI、DMI 占体重的百分比以及 G:F 均无差异。在育成期，活体和胴体调整后的最终体重在各处理之间没有差异。同样，在育成期，ADG、DMI、DMI 占体重百分比或 G:F 也没有差异。不同日粮处理的热胴体重量、DP、大理石纹评分、背阔肌面积、第 12 肋脂肪厚度或计算产量等级均无差异。地衣芽孢杆菌是一种新型的直接饲喂微生物，在小型研究牛栏中饲喂肉牛不会影响肉牛的生长性能、胴体特征、肝脓肿发生率或严重程度。地衣芽孢杆菌不是减少生长期和育成期肉牛肝脓肿的可行策略。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of forage inclusion strategies as a means of reducing liver abscesses in finishing feedlot cattle*† 评估饲草添加策略以减少育成饲料牛肝脓肿的发生*†。

IF 1.5 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02481

T.J. Paterson , E. O’Hara , R.J. Gruninger , G.B. Penner , H.A. Lardner , E. Stephens , W. Yang , K.A. Beauchemin , T.A. McAllister , G.O. Ribeiro

Objective

This study evaluated different strategies of forage inclusion in finishing beef cattle diets and their ef- fects on feed intake, ruminal fermentation and microbiota, blood serum parameters, growth performance, carcass quality, and liver abscesses.

Materials and Methods

Steers (n = 360, 400 ± 29 kg) were stratified by weight and randomly allocated across 24 pens, which were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (15 steers/pen, 6 pens/treatment) in a completely randomized experiment. Treatments included: (1) positive control (+CTRL) fed a diet (7.5% forage on a diet DM basis) with tylosin (11 mg/kg); (2) negative control (−CTRL; control diet without tylosin); (3) a diet where forage concentration decreased (DECR) every 42 d and was static for the last 84 d (forage represented 15%, 9%, 3%, and 3% of DM, respectively) without tylosin; and (4) a diet where forage concentration increased (INCR), inverse of the DECR without tylosin.

Results and Discussion

The +CTRL steers had greater ADG (1.74 kg/d vs. 1.63 kg/d), shrunk total BW gain (306 vs. 287 kg), and a tendency for greater final BW (705 vs. 687 kg), than than INCR steers. As expected, a diet × period interaction was observed for DMI, but it did not differ among treatments over the full study. Yield scores and rib fat thickness were greater in –CTRL than INCR steers. The percentage of steers with minor liver abscesses tended to be less for +CTRL (51.8%) and DECR (51.8%) compared with −CTRL (62.2%) and INCR (64.3%).

Implications and Applications

Greater dietary con- centrations of forage earlier in the finishing phase, with a subsequent decline thereafter, has the potential to de- crease the proportion of minor liver abscesses similar to typical finishing diets including tylosin, without affecting growth performance or carcass quality.

本研究评估了在育成肉牛日粮中添加饲草的不同策略及其对采食量、瘤胃发酵和微生物群、血清参数、生长性能、胴体质量和肝脓肿的影响。材料与方法在完全随机试验中，将肉牛（n = 360，400 ± 29 千克）按体重分层并随机分配到 24 个牛栏，然后将其随机分配到 4 种日粮处理（15 头/牛栏，6 个牛栏/处理）中的一种。处理包括(1）阳性对照组（+CTRL）饲喂日粮（7.(2) 阴性对照（-CTRL；不含泰乐菌素的对照日粮）；(3) 饲粮浓度每 42 天下降一次（DECR），最后 84 天保持不变（饲粮分别占 DM 的 15%、9%、3% 和 3%），不含泰乐菌素；(4) 饲粮浓度增加（INCR），与不含泰乐菌素的 DECR 成反比。结果与讨论与 INCR 牛相比，+CTRL 牛的 ADG 更大（1.74 千克/天对 1.63 千克/天），总体重增加更少（306 千克对 287 千克），最终体重（705 千克对 687 千克）有增加的趋势。正如预期的那样，观察到了日粮×时期对 DMI 的交互作用，但在整个研究过程中，不同处理之间没有差异。与 INCR 相比，-CTRL 牛的产量评分和肋脂厚度更高。与 -CTRL （62.2%）和 INCR （64.3%）相比，+CTRL（51.8%）和 DECR（51.8%）的小肝脓肿犊牛比例趋于较低。

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引用次数: 0

Association of liver-abscess presence and severity with trim loss, slaughter yield, carcass grading performance, lung lesions, and value of fed-Holsteins* 肝脏脓肿的存在和严重程度与切边损失、屠宰产量、胴体分级性能、肺部病变以及喂养荷斯坦牛的价值之间的关系*

IF 1.5 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02471

R.T. Herrick , C.L. Rogers , T.A. Jones , T.J. McEvers , T.R. Brown , C.L. Maxwell , T.E. Lawrence

Objective

Our objective was to evaluate the effects of liver abscesses on carcass characteristics and value of Holstein carcasses.

Materials and Methods

Fed-Holsteins were evalu- ated at 2 commercial processing facilities in Texas (n = 1,073) and Kansas (n = 1,070) from fall of 2016 through spring of 2017. Liver abscesses were visually assessed and scored; simultaneously, lungs were manually palpated to assess degree of consolidation and fibrin tag formation, to assess their association with liver abnormality. Finally, carcass trim was weighed from carcasses moved off line for zero tolerance trimming. Carcass and viscera values were assigned using USDA market reports and adjusted based on viscera condemnations along with premiums and dis- counts for quality and yield outcomes. Data were analyzed using the MIXED and GENMOD procedures of SAS v9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) with carcass as the experi- mental unit.

Results and Discussion

Hot carcass weight was re- duced (−25.1 kg, −6.6%) in carcasses that had an ad- hered and open liver abscess as compared with carcasses without abscessed livers. Carcasses with adhered, open, or adhered and open liver scores had increased carcass trim (0.72, 3.92, and 3.39 kg, respectively) when compared with carcasses without abscessed livers (0.38 kg). Similarly, carcasses with adhered, open, or adhered and open liver scores returned gross carcass revenues that were 5.0% to 6.4% less (–$97.69, –$93.86, and –$121.22/carcass, re- spectively) than carcasses without abscessed livers. Liver abscesses reduced gross offal values of individual animals by 20% to 84% depending upon severity.

Implications and Applications

Fed-Holsteins have been a significant portion of the beef industry, even though Holsteins have increased rates of severe liver ab- scesses compared with their non-dairy-reared equivalents. Therefore, methods to control liver abscesses should be employed, to mitigate the greater financial risk that Hol- steins and dairy-reared animals incur to both cattle feeders and beef processors.

我们的目标是评估肝脓肿对荷斯坦胴体特征和价值的影响。材料和方法从 2016 年秋季到 2017 年春季，在得克萨斯州（n = 1,073 头）和堪萨斯州（n = 1,070 头）的两家商业加工厂对喂养的荷斯坦胴体进行了评估。对肝脓肿进行目测评估和评分；同时，对肺部进行人工触诊，以评估肺部的合并程度和纤维蛋白标签的形成情况，从而评估其与肝脏异常的关联性。最后，对因零容忍修剪而下线的胴体进行称重。胴体和内脏的价值根据美国农业部的市场报告进行分配，并根据内脏剔除情况以及质量和产量结果的溢价和减价进行调整。使用 SAS v9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) 的 MIXED 和 GENMOD 程序分析数据，以胴体为实验单位。结果与讨论与没有肝脏脓肿的胴体相比，有粘连和开放性肝脏脓肿的胴体热胴体重量减少（-25.1 千克，-6.6%）。与没有肝脏脓肿的胴体（0.38 千克）相比，肝脏粘连、肝脏开放或肝脏粘连和开放的胴体的胴体容重增加（分别为 0.72 千克、3.92 千克和 3.39 千克）。同样，肝脏粘连、肝脏开裂或肝脏粘连和肝脏开裂的胴体比没有肝脏脓肿的胴体毛收入低 5.0% 到 6.4%（-97.69 美元、-93.86 美元和-121.22 美元/胴体）。肝脓肿的严重程度不同，每头牲畜的内脏总值会降低 20% 至 84%。意义和应用饲养荷斯坦牛一直是牛肉产业的重要组成部分，尽管与非奶牛饲养的荷斯坦牛相比，荷斯坦牛的严重肝脓肿发病率更高。因此，应采用控制肝脓肿的方法，以减轻荷斯坦牛和奶牛饲养的动物给肉牛饲养者和牛肉加工商带来的更大经济风险。

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引用次数: 0

Supplementation of calcium magnesium carbonate, tylosin phosphate, or both on growth performance, carcass traits, liver outcomes, and rumination activity of yearling beef steers fed a finishing diet* 补充碳酸钙镁、磷酸泰乐菌素或同时补充这两种物质对以精饲料饲喂的一岁肉牛的生长性能、胴体特征、肝脏结果和反刍活动的影响*

IF 1.5 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02479

B.B. Grimes Francis , F.L. Francis , E.R. Gubbels , T.C. Norman , T.M. Ribeiro , S.R. Hanson , C.R. Ross , D.M. Paulus Compart , W.C. Rusche , Z.K. Smith

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with calcium magnesium carbonate (CMC), tylosin phosphate (TYL), or both on rumination behavior, growth performance, liver abscess prevalence, and carcass characteristics of yearling beef steers.

Materials and Methods

Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial including CMC and TYL. Beef steers (n = 156; 469 ± 18 kg) were assigned to 1 of 20 pens. Di- etary inclusion of CMC was included at 1.5% of the diet (DM basis) in replacement of dry-rolled corn, and TYL was provided at 90 mg per steer/d. Growth performance was calculated on a carcass-adjusted basis (hot carcass weight/0.625). Data were analyzed as a randomized com- plete block design with fixed effects of CMC, TYL, and their interaction; block was a random effect.

Results and Discussion

Dry matter intake was 4.9% less when CMC was fed and 1.6% greater when TYL was fed. Carcass weight tended to be lighter with CMC supplementation compared with CON (432 vs. 439 kg). Supplementation of TYL tended to reduce the percentage of abscessed livers by 55.7%.

Implications and Applications

These results indi- cate that supplementation of CMC did not result in any improvements in growth, carcass, or dietary net energy utilization, but TYL supplementation tended to reduce liver abscess prevalence.

本研究旨在评估补充碳酸钙镁（CMC）、磷酸泰乐菌素（TYL）或两者对一岁肉牛反刍行为、生长性能、肝脓肿发病率和胴体特征的影响。肉牛（n = 156；469 ± 18 千克）被分配到 20 个栏中的一个。日粮中以 1.5% 的比例（DM 基础）添加 CMC，以替代干轧制玉米，每头牛每天添加 90 毫克的 TYL。生长性能按胴体调整值（热胴体重/0.625）计算。数据采用随机整群设计进行分析，CMC、TYL 及其交互作用具有固定效应；区块为随机效应。结果与讨论饲喂 CMC 时，干物质摄入量减少 4.9%，饲喂 TYL 时增加 1.6%。与对照组相比，添加 CMC 的胴体重量更轻（432 kg 对 439 kg）。这些结果表明，补充 CMC 并没有改善生长、胴体或日粮净能利用率，但补充 TYL 有降低肝脓肿发病率的趋势。

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引用次数: 0

Review: Summary of the Special Issue on liver abscesses in cattle and thoughts on future research* 回顾：牛肝脓肿特刊摘要及对未来研究的思考*

IF 1.5 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2024-02553

K.E. Hales

Objective

My objective was to summarize 16 original research manuscripts and 1 perspectives and commentary contribution that were submitted, peer reviewed, and ac- cepted in this Special Issue on liver abscesses in cattle.

Materials and Methods

A summary of key points made in the Special Issue articles is provided. Additional conclusions and thoughts about future directions of re- search to address liver abscesses (LA) in cattle are offered. Results and Discussion: This Special Issue represents the current understanding of the etiology, blood chemis- try biomarkers, dietary and management strategies, and mitigation strategies for LA in cattle used in the feedlot industry throughout the United States and Canada. Sev- enteen articles from researchers and industry professionals studying LA in cattle are included, with studies ranging from practical dietary intervention strategies to experi- ments designed to understand the mode of action and the etiology of LA development.

Implications and Applications

Liver abscess disease is a multifactorial, polymicrobial disease that affects mul- tiple organ systems within the body, reflecting complex interactions among the host, environment, and pathogens. The pathogenesis of this disease needs to be further exam- ined, and basic and applied research approaches should be employed to advance our understanding of liver abscesses in cattle.

目标我的目标是总结已提交、经同行评审并纳入本特刊的关于牛肝脓肿的 16 篇原始研究手稿和 1 篇观点与评论文章。还提供了其他结论和对未来解决牛肝脓肿（LA）问题的研究方向的思考。结果与讨论：本特刊反映了目前对美国和加拿大饲养业中使用的牛的病因、血液化学生物标志物、饮食和管理策略以及缓解 LA 的策略的理解。该书收录了研究人员和业内专业人士撰写的十七篇研究牛 LA 的文章，研究范围从实用的饮食干预策略到旨在了解 LA 作用模式和病因的实验。我们需要进一步研究这种疾病的发病机制，并采用基础和应用研究方法来加深我们对牛肝脓肿的了解。

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引用次数: 0

First report of isolation of Fusobacterium varium from liver abscesses and ruminal and colonic epithelial tissues of feedlot cattle* 首次报告从饲养场牛的肝脓肿、瘤胃和结肠上皮组织中分离出变异镰刀菌*。

IF 1.5 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02512

Alyssa Deters , Xiaorong Shi , Ty Lawrence , T.G. Nagaraja

Objective

Our objective was to isolate and determine prevalence of Fusobacterium varium in liver abscesses and the corresponding ruminal and colonic epithelial tissues and ruminal and colonic contents of feedlot cattle.

Materials and Methods

A total of 96 intact liver abscess samples and matched ruminal and colonic tissues and contents from cattle, originating from feedlots that did not receive in-feed tylosin, were collected at slaughter. Liver abscesses and ruminal and colonic tissue were ho- mogenized and then plated, before and after enrichment in lactate or lysine medium with selective antibiotics, onto blood agar and selective lactate or lysine agar for isolation of Fusobacterium and to determine prevalence and concentration. Putative colonies were tested by a quantitative PCR assay targeting the hgdA gene for species confirma- tion.

Results and Discussion

None of the liver abscess samples yielded F. varium by direct plating; however, F. varium was isolated from 3 of 96 (3.1%) following enrich- ment of the homogenate in lactate or lysine medium. In contrast to liver abscesses, F. varium was isolated by direct plating from 27.1% (26/96) of ruminal epithelial and 3.1% (3/96) of colonic epithelial tissue homogenates. Overall, 10.1%, 77.1%, 44.8%, 86.5%, and 70.1% of liver abscess, ruminal, and colonic epithelial tissues and ruminal and colonic contents were positive for F. varium, respectively.

Implications and Applications

The increased fre- quency of isolation and high prevalence of F. varium in ruminal tissue and, to a lesser extent, in the colonic tissue confirms its ability to invade tissues and possibly cause bacterial ruminitis. However, the relatively low frequency of F. varium isolation and low prevalence in liver abscesses suggest that it is unlikely to be an etiologic agent. Inter- estingly, there is some evidence that ruminal strains of F. varium were resistant to tylosin; therefore, it would be of interest to determine the prevalence in cattle receiving in-feed tylosin.

我们的目的是分离并确定饲养场牛肝脓肿、相应的瘤胃和结肠上皮组织以及瘤胃和结肠内容物中变异镰刀菌的流行率。材料与方法我们在屠宰时收集了 96 份完整的肝脓肿样本以及与之匹配的瘤胃和结肠组织及内容物，这些样本来自未使用泰乐菌素的饲养场。将肝脓肿、瘤胃和结肠组织匀浆，然后在乳酸盐或赖氨酸培养基中用选择性抗生素富集之前和之后，将其培养到血琼脂和选择性乳酸盐或赖氨酸琼脂上，以分离镰刀菌并确定流行率和浓度。通过以 hgdA 基因为目标的定量 PCR 检测法对推定菌落进行检测，以确认菌种。结果与讨论肝脓肿样本中没有一个通过直接培养得到变异镰刀菌；但在乳酸盐或赖氨酸培养基中富集匀浆后，96 个样本中有 3 个（3.1%）分离出变异镰刀菌。与肝脓肿不同的是，在瘤胃上皮细胞和结肠上皮细胞组织匀浆中，变种弗氏杆菌分别从 27.1%（26/96）和 3.1%（3/96）的瘤胃上皮细胞和结肠上皮细胞组织匀浆中直接培养分离出来。总体而言，10.1%、77.1%、44.8%、86.5% 和 70.1% 的肝脓肿、瘤胃和结肠上皮组织以及瘤胃和结肠内容物对变种弗氏菌呈阳性。然而，变种弗氏杆菌在肝脓肿中的分离频率相对较低，流行率也较低，这表明它不太可能是病原体。另外，有证据表明，变种 F.的瘤胃菌株对泰乐菌素有抗药性；因此，有必要确定在饲料中添加泰乐菌素的牛中的流行率。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of dietary composition and feeding management regimen on liver abscess prevalence, growth performance, and carcass outcomes of feedlot steers* 日粮组成和饲养管理方案对饲养场母牛肝脓肿发病率、生长性能和胴体结果的影响*

IF 1.5 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02490

K.N. Schneid, J.D. Young, T.E. Lawrence, J.T. Richeson, K.L. Samuelson

Objective

We investigated the independent and in- teractive effects of dietary starch concentration and feed- ing management regimen on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and prevalence of liver abscesses in finish- ing beef cattle.

Materials and Methods

Beef steers (n = 720) were assigned to 48 pens in a randomized complete block de- sign, with treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial (12 pens per treatment). Factors were finishing diets with ei- ther low (49.1%; CON) or high (64.4%; HOT) starch con- centrations and feeding management regimens designed for consistent feed delivery (REG) or randomized varia- tions (ERR) in both feed quantity (85% followed by 115% of the previous 4-d average randomly once per week) and delivery time (randomly delayed for 1, 2, 3, or 4 h twice per week).

Results and Discussion

No interactions between diet and feeding management regimen were detected for growth performance, carcass outcomes, or liver abscess prevalence. Steers fed HOT had greater liver abscess fre- quency (55.1% vs. 33.4%) and a greater proportion of liver scars (46.7% vs. 34.0%) compared with CON. Steers consuming HOT also had less final BW, ADG, DMI, hot carcass weight, marbling score, and calculated YG versus CON. Feeding management regimen did not affect liver abscess frequency, growth performance, or carcass merit.

Implications and Applications

Feeding a high- starch diet increased liver abscess prevalence and de- creased growth and affected carcass outcomes. In contrast, erratic feeding management did not affect liver or produc- tion outcomes.

我们研究了日粮淀粉浓度和饲养管理方案对育成肉牛的生长性能、胴体特征和肝脓肿发病率的独立和交互影响。材料与方法将肉牛（n = 720）分配到 48 个随机完全区组的牛栏中，处理以 2 × 2 的阶乘排列（每个处理 12 个牛栏）。处理因素包括淀粉浓度较低（49.1%；CON）或较高（64.4%；HOT）的精养日粮，以及饲料投放量（85%，然后是前 4 天平均值的 115%，每周随机一次）和投放时间（每周两次随机延迟 1、2、3 或 4 小时）一致或随机变化（ERR）的饲养管理方案。结果与讨论在生长性能、胴体结果或肝脓肿发病率方面，未发现日粮与饲养管理方案之间存在相互作用。与CON相比，饲喂HOT的母牛肝脓肿发生率更高（55.1% vs. 33.4%），肝疤痕比例更高（46.7% vs. 34.0%）。饲喂 HOT 的母牛与饲喂 CON 的母牛相比，其最终体重、ADG、DMI、热胴体重、大理石纹评分和计算的 YG 也较低。饲喂管理方案并不影响肝脓肿发生率、生长性能或胴体品质。相比之下，不稳定的饲喂管理不会影响肝脏或胴体结果。

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引用次数: 0

Carcass and non-carcass component yields of trenbolone acetate + estradiol-17β implanted steers vs. non-implanted steers across serial harvest endpoints 植入醋酸群勃龙+雌二醇-17β与未植入群勃龙+雌二醇-17β的母牛在连续收获终点的胴体和非胴体成分产量对比

IF 1.5 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02492

Sierra L. Pillmore , Kaitlyn R. Wesley , Tylo J. Kirkpatrick , Kimberly B. Cooper , Forest L. Francis , Travis C. Tennant , Wade T. Nichols , Lee-Anne J. Walter , John P. Hutcheson , Ty E. Lawrence

Objective

We investigated incremental growth of carcass and non-carcass components and tissue partitioning of implanted or non-implanted steers.

Materials and Methods

Steers (n = 80; 271 ± 45 kg) were paired and randomized to harvest date (d 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, 210, 252, 294, 336, or 378), and individuals within pairs were randomized to CON (negative control) or REV (Revalor-XS, Merck Animal Health, on d 0 and 190) treatments. Non-carcass components were removed, cleaned, and weighed. Growth coefficients were calculated using the allometric equation Y = bX^a.

Results and Discussion

Empty body weight (EBW), and hot carcass weight (HCW) were 6% greater (P < 0.01) in REV steers versus CON. No treatment effects (P ≥ 0.12) occurred for fill or dressed carcass yield (DY); however, EBW, HCW, and DY increased (P ≤ 0.01) and percentage fill decreased as an effect of days on feed (DOF). Absolute fill weight did not change across DOF (P = 0.82). Implanted steers had greater (P ≤ 0.05) absolute mass of blood, head, hide, oxtail, liver, spleen, bladder, heart, reticulum, omasum, stomach, small intestine, intestines, gastrointestinal tract (GIT), total splanchnic tissue, and total offal. Implanted steers also had smaller (P ≤ 0.05) absolute mass of thymus glands and kidney-pelvic- heart fat (KPH) than non-implanted steers. Non-carcass components with lowest growth coefficients included small intestine (0.02), large intestine (0.12), and brain and spinal cord (0.13). However, KPH (2.01) accumulated at more than 2 times the rate of the empty body, whereas cod fat (1.42) and GIT fat (1.61) grew notably faster than the empty body.

Implication and Applications

Results suggest that Revalor-XS increased body and carcass weights and altered many non-carcass components and their growth co- efficients, ultimately playing key biological, nutritional, and financial roles across sectors of the beef industry.

材料与方法母牛（n = 80；271 ± 45 kg）配对并随机分配收获日期（第 0、42、84、126、168、210、252、294、336 或 378 天），配对个体随机分配 CON（阴性对照）或 REV（Revalor-XS，默克动物保健公司，第 0 和 190 天）处理。去除非胴体成分，清洗并称重。结果与讨论REV与CON相比，REV母牛的空体重（EBW）和热胴体重（HCW）高出6%（P < 0.01）。填充物或胴体去皮率（DY）没有出现处理效应（P ≥ 0.12）；但是，EBW、HCW 和 DY 增加（P ≤ 0.01），填充物百分比减少，这是饲料天数（DOF）的效应。绝对填充重量在不同饲喂天数下没有变化（P = 0.82）。移植阉牛的血、头、皮、牛尾、肝、脾、膀胱、心脏、网状结构、骨膜、胃、小肠、肠、胃肠道 (GIT)、脾组织总量和内脏总量的绝对质量更大（P ≤ 0.05）。植入胸腺和肾-骨盆-心脏脂肪（KPH）的绝对质量（P ≤ 0.05）也比未植入胸腺和肾-骨盆-心脏脂肪（KPH）的绝对质量小。增长系数最低的非胴体成分包括小肠（0.02）、大肠（0.12）以及脑和脊髓（0.13）。结果表明，Revalor-XS 增加了体重和胴体重量，并改变了许多非胴体成分及其生长系数，最终在牛肉业的各个领域发挥了关键的生物、营养和经济作用。

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引用次数: 0