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Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 and calcium clinoptilolite zeolite compared with tylosin phosphate and negative control on health, performance, carcass outcomes, and liver abscesses of dairy-beef cross feedlot cattle* 酵母菌 CNCM I-1077 和钙沸石与磷酸泰乐菌素和阴性对照组相比,对奶牛-肉牛杂交饲养场牛的健康、性能、胴体结果和肝脓肿的影响*
IF 1.5 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02475
Miles E. Theurer , Dale R. Woerner , Bradley J. Johnson , Reese Wilson , Jhones O. Sarturi , Raghavendra G. Amachawadi , T.G. Nagaraja , Jim Simpson , J. Trent Fox , Paige Adams , Kip K. Karges

Objective

Our objective was to evaluate the effects of in-feed, non-antibiotic alternatives (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 and calcium clinoptilolite zeolite) on health, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and liver abscesses in dairy-beef cross composites in a commercial feedlot.

Materials and Methods

Dairy-beef, intact heifers (n = 2,088; average BW = 334.8 kg) were assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: (1) Negative control (no feed-grade antimicrobials for control of liver abscesses; NC); (2) Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 (0.5 g/heifer per day to provide 1 × 1010 cfu/heifer per day) and calcium clinoptilolite zeolite (replacing flaked corn at 1.2% on a DM basis; LB), or (3) tylosin phosphate (targeted at a rate of 68 mg/heifer per day; TY). Heifers averaged 228 d on feed at harvest. Individual carcass outcomes and liver scores were captured at harvest.

Results and Discussion

Heifers in the TY treatment had reduced DMI, increased G:F, and reduced cost of gain compared with the other treatments. Carcass characteristics were not affected by treatments. Heifers offered LB tended to have fewer total liver abscesses compared with the TY group, whereas NC was intermediate.

Implications and Applications

Feedlot performance improved for dairy-beef heifers offered tylosin; however, TY had the greatest percentage of liver abscesses compared with NC. Feeding the combination of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 and calcium clinoptilolite as a non-antimicrobial alternative for the mitigation of liver abscesses in dairy-beef females seems to be promising strategy; however, growth performance outcomes may be reduced compared with tylosin.

目标我们的目标是评估饲料中的非抗生素替代品(酵母菌 CNCM I-1077 和钙沸石)对商业饲养场中乳牛杂交组合的健康、生长性能、胴体特征和肝脓肿的影响。8 kg)分配到 3 个处理组中的 1 个:(1) 阴性对照组(不使用饲料级抗菌剂控制肝脓肿;NC);(2) 酵母菌 CNCM I-1077 (0.(3) 磷酸泰乐菌素(目标剂量为 68 毫克/小母牛/天;TY)。小母牛收获时的平均饲养时间为 228 天。结果与讨论与其他处理相比,TY 处理的母牛DMI 降低,G:F 增加,增重成本降低。胴体特征不受处理的影响。与 TY 组相比,饲喂 LB 的小母牛肝脓肿总数较少,而 NC 组处于中间水平。将酿酒酵母 CNCM I-1077 和钙络合沸石组合作为一种非抗菌剂替代品饲喂奶牛母牛以减轻肝脓肿似乎是一种很有前景的策略;但是,与泰乐菌素相比,生长性能结果可能会降低。
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引用次数: 0
Liver abscesses—New perspectives on a historic fed-cattle issue*†‡ 肝脓肿--饲料牛历史问题的新视角*†‡
IF 1.5 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02498
P.R. Broadway , T.G. Nagaraja , T.E. Lawrence , M.L. Galyean , K.E. Hales

Purpose

Our purpose was to provide commentary and new perspectives related to liver abscesses, a historic problem in beef cattle, by describing and discussing docu- mented research, anecdotal observations, and opinions re- garding the causation, detection, and prevention of liver abscesses.

Sources

Sources for this article include peer-reviewed, scientific literature; abstracts; proceedings; theses and dissertations; popular press articles; personal communica- tions; and unpublished research data.

Synthesis

Liver abscess (LA) disease in cattle is a multifactorial, polymicrobial disease that has wide-rang- ing effects on productivity and profitability throughout all stages of the beef production cycle. The interest in and the study of LA has drastically increased in the past several years, driven largely by efforts to identify alterna- tives to the use of antibiotics for LA control. Although a primary, prevailing theory on LA formation has existed for decades, recent research has led to alternative theo- ries as well as new questions about the role of breed-type specific management, behavior, feed intake patterns, and other factors on LA causation. The inability to detect LA before slaughter complicates research evaluating mitiga- tion strategies and disease etiology. Moreover, the inability to detect LA in live cattle has hindered researcher efforts to understand timing of abscess development or whether an abscess can resolve.

Conclusions and Applications

Although the prima- ry pathogens associated with LA have been identified, an effective mitigation strategy has eluded researchers. None- theless, new perspectives and research efforts are needed from both basic and applied perspectives using multidis- ciplinary, collaborative approaches to successfully combat the challenges faced by the beef industry related to LA.

目的我们的目的是通过描述和讨论有关肝脓肿的成因、检测和预防的文献研究、轶事观察和观点,提供与肝脓肿这一肉牛历史问题相关的评论和新观点。综述牛肝脓肿病是一种多因素、多微生物疾病,在肉牛生产周期的各个阶段对生产率和盈利能力产生广泛影响。在过去几年中,人们对肝脓肿病的兴趣和研究急剧增加,这主要是由于人们努力寻找替代抗生素来控制肝脓肿病的方法。虽然关于 LA 形成的主要流行理论已经存在了几十年,但最近的研究提出了其他理论以及关于特定品种的管理、行为、采食模式和其他因素对 LA 致病作用的新问题。由于无法在屠宰前检测到LA,因此评估缓解策略和疾病病因的研究变得更加复杂。此外,无法在活牛体内检测到 LA 也阻碍了研究人员了解脓肿发展时间或脓肿能否消退的工作。尽管如此,仍需要从基础和应用的角度,采用多学科合作的方法,开展新的视角和研究工作,以成功应对牛肉业面临的与 LA 相关的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Ileal epithelial tissue transcript profiles of steers with experimentally induced liver abscesses*† 实验诱发肝脓肿的母牛回肠上皮组织转录本图谱*†.
IF 1.5 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02503
Amanda K. Lindholm-Perry , Brittney N. Keel , Kristin E. Hales , James E. Wells , Larry A. Kuehn , John W. Keele , Matthew S. Crouse , Dan J. Nonneman , T.G. Nagaraja , Ty E. Lawrence , Raghavendra G. Amachawadi , Jeff A. Carroll , Nicole C. Burdick Sanchez , Paul R. Broadway

Objective

Liver abscesses in cattle negatively affect production and cause economic losses across the beef cat- tle industry. Recently, a nutritional model has been devel- oped to induce liver abscesses that will provide a method to evaluate the underlying mechanisms driving their de- velopment. The objective of this study was to evaluate gene expression of ileal tissue from calves challenged using the new model.

Materials and Methods

In the model, calves were fed a diet to induce ruminal acidosis and were then in- traruminally inoculated with bacteria typically associated with liver abscesses. On d 21, following inoculation, calves were euthanized. Seven of the 13 calves had liver abscess- es. Ileal tissues were collected and total RNA was isolated for RNA-sequencing.

Results and Discussion

A total of 26 genes were dif- ferentially expressed in the calves with liver abscesses com- pared with those without. Two genes (COX2, COX3) are components of the cytochrome c oxidase enzyme in the electron chain transport pathway, and both were downreg- ulated among the animals with liver abscesses. Other genes involved in cellular restructuring, transport of compounds across cell membranes, protection of RNA, and protection of protein products were also identified. These functions il- lustrate that there are changes in the ileal epithelium that correspond to the development of liver abscesses.

Implications and Applications

We identified sev- eral genes that were differentially expressed in the ileal tissue of calves that developed liver abscesses using the combination of an acidosis-inducing diet and intraruminal inoculation of bacteria. Our results suggest that the ileum has a role in liver abscess development, and future studies to validate the involvement of the mucosal barrier of the ileum are warranted.

目的 牛肝脓肿对整个肉牛业的生产造成负面影响和经济损失。最近,人们开发了一种诱发肝脓肿的营养模型,该模型将为评估肝脓肿发生的潜在机制提供一种方法。本研究的目的是评估使用新模型的小牛回肠组织的基因表达。在该模型中,给小牛喂食诱发瘤胃酸中毒的饲料,然后在瘤胃内接种通常与肝脓肿有关的细菌。接种后第21天,犊牛被安乐死。13 头小牛中有 7 头出现肝脓肿。收集回肠组织并分离总 RNA 进行 RNA 测序。结果与讨论与未患肝脓肿的犊牛相比,患肝脓肿的犊牛共有 26 个基因有不同程度的表达。两个基因(COX2、COX3)是电子链转移途径中细胞色素 c 氧化酶的组成成分,这两个基因在肝脓肿动物中的表达量都有所下降。还发现了其他参与细胞重组、化合物跨细胞膜运输、保护 RNA 和保护蛋白质产物的基因。这些功能表明,回肠上皮细胞的变化与肝脓肿的发生是相对应的。 意义和应用我们发现,在使用酸中毒诱导饮食和腔内接种细菌相结合的方法治疗肝脓肿的小牛回肠组织中,有七种基因的表达量不同。我们的研究结果表明,回肠在肝脓肿的形成过程中起着一定的作用,今后有必要进行研究以验证回肠粘膜屏障是否参与了肝脓肿的形成。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of virginiamycin to improve health of growing and finishing steers: I. Effects on ruminal acidosis and liver health* 研究用维吉尼霉素改善生长和育成牛的健康状况:I. 对瘤胃酸中毒和肝脏健康的影响*
IF 1.5 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02511
Madeline E. Rivera , Luiz F. Dias Batista , Luis O. Tedeschi

Objective

Our objective was to observe the effects of the interrelationship among virginiamycin (VM) inclusion (240 mg/d), ruminal pH dynamics, and hepatic plasma metabolites on rumen and animal health during a 150-d feeding trial.

Materials and Methods

Steers (304 ± 27 kg; n = 120) were assigned randomly to 1 of 6 dietary treatments: no VM (T000); VM for the last 50 d (T001); VM for the last 100 d (T011); VM for the first 50 d (T100); VM for the first 100 d (T110); and VM for 150 d (T111). All animals were orally administered 2 indwelling rumen pH and temperature recording boli on d 0 and 84. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture on d −7, 28, 56, 84, 112, and 140, and plasma was analyzed for concentrations of albumin, alkaline phosphatase, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and total protein using an automated blood analyzer. Concurrently, haptoglobin (HPT) was measured following a colorimetric method based on peroxidase activity. A random coefficients model with pen and animals within treatment as a random effect was used.

Results and Discussion

Animals that received VM for the first 100 d (T110 and T111) had greater mean ruminal pH during d 50 to 100 when compared with animals that did not receive VM (T000 and T001; 6.12 vs. 6.00, respectively). Moreover, T111 tended to have less time under pH 5.8 (3.01 h/d) when compared with T100 and T001 (5.83 and 6.45 h/d, respectively). At slaughter, overall, 3.36% of cattle in the study were identified with liver abscesses (A and A−), and 24.3% had lung lesions. Plasma metabolite concentrations before slaughter did not predict the presence of liver abscesses (P ≥ 0.182). Based on acute phase responses, HPT was notably lower on d 84 after diet transition in VM-treated animals (46.1 vs. 68.9 mg/L). Additionally, VM inclusion boosted indicators of overall health with greater alkaline phosphatase levels and albumin-toglobulin ratios.

Implications and Applications

Virginiamycin has practical implications for rumen health and overall cattle health, where supplementation during the whole growing to finishing phases was more effective in capturing its full potential.

目的我们的目的是观察维吉尼霉素(VM)添加量(240 毫克/天)、瘤胃 pH 动态变化和肝脏血浆代谢物之间的相互关系对瘤胃和动物健康在 150 天饲喂试验中的影响。材料和方法将肉牛(304 ± 27 kg;n = 120)随机分配到 6 种日粮处理中的一种:无 VM(T000);最后 50 天添加 VM(T001);最后 100 天添加 VM(T011);前 50 天添加 VM(T100);前 100 天添加 VM(T110);以及 150 天添加 VM(T111)。所有动物在第 0 天和第 84 天均口服 2 个瘤胃 pH 值和温度记录口服液。在第 7、28、56、84、112 和 140 天通过颈静脉穿刺采集血样,并使用自动血液分析仪分析血浆中白蛋白、碱性磷酸酶、直接胆红素、总胆红素、γ-谷氨酰转移酶和总蛋白的浓度。同时,采用基于过氧化物酶活性的比色法测量血红蛋白(HPT)。结果与讨论与未接受 VM 的动物(T000 和 T001;分别为 6.12 和 6.00)相比,在前 100 天接受 VM 的动物(T110 和 T111)在第 50 天至第 100 天的平均瘤胃 pH 值更高。此外,与 T100 和 T001(分别为 5.83 小时/天和 6.45 小时/天)相比,T111 在 pH 值为 5.8(3.01 小时/天)以下的时间更短。屠宰时,该研究中共有 3.36% 的牛发现肝脓肿(A 和 A-),24.3% 的牛发现肺部病变。屠宰前的血浆代谢物浓度不能预测肝脓肿的存在(P ≥ 0.182)。根据急性期反应,经 VM 处理的动物在日粮转换后第 84 天的 HPT 明显降低(46.1 mg/L 对 68.9 mg/L)。此外,添加 VM 还能提高整体健康指标,提高碱性磷酸酶水平和白蛋白-血红蛋白比。
{"title":"Investigation of virginiamycin to improve health of growing and finishing steers: I. Effects on ruminal acidosis and liver health*","authors":"Madeline E. Rivera ,&nbsp;Luiz F. Dias Batista ,&nbsp;Luis O. Tedeschi","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02511","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2023-02511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Our objective was to observe the effects of the interrelationship among virginiamycin (VM) inclusion (240 mg/d), ruminal pH dynamics, and hepatic plasma metabolites on rumen and animal health during a 150-d feeding trial.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Steers (304 ± 27 kg; n = 120) were assigned randomly to 1 of 6 dietary treatments: no VM (T<sub>000</sub>); VM for the last 50 d (T<sub>001</sub>); VM for the last 100 d (T<sub>011</sub>); VM for the first 50 d (T<sub>100</sub>); VM for the first 100 d (T<sub>110</sub>); and VM for 150 d (T<sub>111</sub>). All animals were orally administered 2 indwelling rumen pH and temperature recording boli on d 0 and 84. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture on d −7, 28, 56, 84, 112, and 140, and plasma was analyzed for concentrations of albumin, alkaline phosphatase, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and total protein using an automated blood analyzer. Concurrently, haptoglobin (HPT) was measured following a colorimetric method based on peroxidase activity. A random coefficients model with pen and animals within treatment as a random effect was used.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>Animals that received VM for the first 100 d (T<sub>110</sub> and T<sub>111</sub>) had greater mean ruminal pH during d 50 to 100 when compared with animals that did not receive VM (T<sub>000</sub> and T<sub>001</sub>; 6.12 vs. 6.00, respectively). Moreover, T<sub>111</sub> tended to have less time under pH 5.8 (3.01 h/d) when compared with T<sub>100</sub> and T<sub>001</sub> (5.83 and 6.45 h/d, respectively). At slaughter, overall, 3.36% of cattle in the study were identified with liver abscesses (A and A−), and 24.3% had lung lesions. Plasma metabolite concentrations before slaughter did not predict the presence of liver abscesses (<em>P</em> ≥ 0.182). Based on acute phase responses, HPT was notably lower on d 84 after diet transition in VM-treated animals (46.1 vs. 68.9 mg/L). Additionally, VM inclusion boosted indicators of overall health with greater alkaline phosphatase levels and albumin-toglobulin ratios.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>Virginiamycin has practical implications for rumen health and overall cattle health, where supplementation during the whole growing to finishing phases was more effective in capturing its full potential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000569/pdf?md5=1e0798e2d38cc1ac69c7e5e44f6aca17&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000569-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141233350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Call for Submissions 征集作品
IF 1.5 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2590-2865(24)00070-3
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引用次数: 0
Identification of blood-based biomarkers for detection of liver abscesses in beef × dairy heifers* 鉴定检测肉牛和奶牛肝脓肿的血液生物标志物*
IF 1.5 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02504
Reese A. Wilson , Bradley J. Johnson , Jhones O. Sarturi , Whitney L. Crossland , Kristin E. Hales , Ryan J. Rathmann , Christy L. Bratcher , Miles E. Theurer , Raghavendra G. Amachawadi , T.G. Nagaraja , Scott E. Speidel , R. Mark Enns , Milton G. Thomas , Blake A. Foraker , Matthew A. Cleveland , Dale R. Woerner

Objective

The objective was to determine the effects of liver abscesses on complete blood counts (CBC) and liver function and to identify blood-based biomarkers for detection of liver abscesses in feedlot cattle.

Materials and Methods

Blood samples were collected on a subset of beef × dairy crossbred heifers with and without liver abscesses (n = 94; n = 113, respectively). From these blood samples, CBC and serum chemistry analytes related to liver health (alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, bile acids, total bilirubin, and cholesterol) were analyzed to characterize animal health and model for liver abscesses. Abscess presence was predicted using logistic regression models and machine learning algorithms, with individual heifer serving as the experimental unit.

Results and Discussion

In a binary system (abscessed or not), heifers with liver abscesses had lower concentrations of lymphocyte (LYM) and total white blood cell (WBC) concentrations but elevated platelet-to-LYM ratio. Serum chemistry measures were not affected by abscess presence or liver score (severity). In univariate, predictive modeling of CBC measures, only total WBC concentration was accurate (65.85%) at predicting liver abscess presence; however, this was not deemed an acceptable biomarker due to its poor specificity (54.79%). Using total WBC, basophils, red blood cells, and procalcitonin as variables to predict liver abscess condition, the Logit- Boost model produced the greatest accuracy (80.65%) and specificity (85.71%). An accurate blood test that allows for the detection of liver abscesses during the finishing phase may allow for therapeutic management or alternative marketing of cattle; however, the marginal accuracy demonstrated in this study combined with the impracticality and cost of analyzing a blood sample may not be feasible. Regardless, the most explanatory CBC variables in cattle with abscessed livers were suggestive of an immune response.

Implications and Applications

Liver condition influenced the CBC of beef × dairy heifers but not serum chemistry. Multivariate predictive models showed potential for predicting liver abscess condition based on CBC. The results of this study warrant further investigation for biomarkers of the liver abscess condition. An antemortem indicator for liver abscesses could prove useful for making management decisions and in research applications, particularly in evaluating interventions.

目的确定肝脓肿对全血计数(CBC)和肝功能的影响,并确定用于检测饲养场牛肝脓肿的基于血液的生物标记物。材料和方法对患有和未患有肝脓肿的肉牛×奶牛杂交小母牛(分别为94头和113头)收集血液样本。从这些血液样本中分析与肝脏健康有关的全血细胞计数和血清化学分析物(碱性磷酸酶、γ 谷氨酰转移酶、胆汁酸、总胆红素和胆固醇),以确定动物健康状况和肝脓肿模型。结果与讨论在二元系统(脓肿或未脓肿)中,患有肝脓肿的小母牛的淋巴细胞(LYM)浓度和白细胞(WBC)总浓度较低,但血小板与淋巴细胞的比率升高。血清化学指标不受脓肿存在与否或肝脏评分(严重程度)的影响。在对 CBC 指标进行单变量预测建模时,只有总白细胞浓度(65.85%)能准确预测肝脓肿的存在;但由于其特异性较差(54.79%),因此被认为不是一个可接受的生物标志物。将白细胞总数、嗜碱性粒细胞、红细胞和降钙素原作为预测肝脓肿情况的变量,Logit- Boost 模型产生了最高的准确率(80.65%)和特异性(85.71%)。在育成期检测肝脓肿的准确血液检验可用于牛的治疗管理或替代销售;然而,本研究中显示的微弱准确性加上分析血液样本的不切实际和成本,可能并不可行。无论如何,对肝脏脓肿牛的 CBC 变量最具解释力的是免疫反应。多变量预测模型显示了根据 CBC 预测肝脓肿状况的潜力。本研究的结果值得进一步研究肝脓肿状况的生物标志物。肝脓肿的死前指标可能有助于管理决策和研究应用,特别是评估干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
Relationship of liver abnormalities with carcass performance and value* 肝脏异常与胴体性能和价值的关系*
IF 1.5 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02482
B.B. Grimes , T.J. McEvers , T.C. Tennant , J.W. Johnson , T.E. Lawrence

Objective

We evaluated the association of liver ab- normalities with carcass characteristics and value, using 2 independent databases generated from 2010 through 2021.

Materials and Methods

Liver abnormalities (ab- scesses, congestive heart failure [CHF], flukes, telangiec- tasis) and associated carcass outcomes were evaluated for 371,476 carcasses housed in database 1. Liver abnormali- ties of individual carcasses (n = 1,166,056) in database 2 were captured as lot-level (n = 7,196) audits and summa- rized as frequencies across demographic categories. Data were analyzed with mixed models.

Results and Discussion

Livers were scored as fol- lows: edible = no abscess or abnormality, A− = 1 to 2 small abscesses or inactive scars, A = 1 or 2 large ab- scesses or multiple small abscesses, A+ = multiple large abscesses, A+adhesion (A+AD) = liver adhered to part of the gastrointestinal tract or diaphragm or both, A+open (A+OP) = open abscess, A+adhesion/open (A+AD/OP) = combination of A+AD and A+OP score. Other non- abscess liver abnormalities recorded were CHF = dark mottled blue appearance and noticeably enlarged; flukes = presence of black lymph nodes, enlarged thickened bile ducts, visible dark tracts scattered throughout the dorsal side of the liver, or presence of flukes within the liver; and telangiectasis = peppering of blue/red dots on the surface of the liver tissue. Liver abnormality rates across both da- tabases were A− = 7.3% to 7.4%, A = 2.7% to 5.3%, A+ = 2.4% to 4.8%, A+AD = 3.9% to 6.2%, A+OP = 1.4% to 1.7%, A+AD/OP = 0.8% to 1.3%, CHF = 0.1% to 0.2%, flukes = 1.3% to 3.6%, telangiectasis = 0.6% to 0.7%, with 67.0% to 77.0% of livers being edible. Carcasses with se- vere abscesses (A+, A+AD, A+OP, A+AD/OP) or CHF had less hot carcass weight (HCW; 13.0 and 42.5 kg, re- spectively) compared with carcasses with edible livers. All abnormalities except telangiectasis reduced LM area. Less 12th-rib s.c. fat was observed for carcasses with A−, A, A+, A+AD, and CHF abnormalities compared with car- casses with edible livers. As liver abscess severity increased compared with edible livers, carcass value diminished and frequency of carcasses railed off line (removed from the production line) increased, particularly for A+AD (4.2%), A+OP (9.7%), and A+AD/OP (11.9%).

Implications and Applications

Based on analysis of this large database, liver abnormalities, especially severely abscessed and CHF outcomes, greatly affect HCW. These results indicate control of liver abscesses, and understand- ing the development of CHF, is important to prevent loss- es in carcass value.

材料和方法对数据库 1 中饲养的 371,476 头胴体的肝脏异常(肝脏脓肿、充血性心力衰竭 [CHF]、吸虫、毛细血管扩张)和相关胴体结果进行了评估。数据库 2 中单个胴体(n = 1,166,056)的肝脏异常情况以批次(n = 7,196)为单位进行审计,并汇总为不同人口统计类别的频率。数据采用混合模型进行分析。结果与讨论肝脏按以下方式评分:可食用 = 无脓肿或异常,A- = 1 到 2 个小脓肿或不活动疤痕,A = 1 或 2 个大脓肿或多个小脓肿,A+ = 多个大脓肿,A+粘连(A+AD) = 肝脏粘连到部分胃肠道或横膈膜或两者都粘连,A+开放(A+OP) = 开放性脓肿,A+粘连/开放(A+AD/OP) = A+AD 和 A+OP 分数的组合。记录到的其他非脓肿肝脏异常情况包括:CHF = 外观呈深斑驳蓝色且明显肿大;虫蚀 = 存在黑色淋巴结、肿大增粗的胆管、散布在整个肝脏背侧的可见暗色道或肝脏内存在虫蚀;毛细血管扩张 = 肝组织表面出现点状蓝色/红色小点。两个阶段的肝脏异常率分别为:A- = 7.3% 到 7.4%,A = 2.7% 到 5.3%,A+ = 2.4% 到 4.8%,A+AD = 3.9% 到 6.2%,A+OP = 1.4% 到 1.7%, A+AD/OP = 0.8% to 1.3%, CHF = 0.1% to 0.2%, flukes = 1.3% to 3.6%, telangiectasis = 0.6% to 0.7%, 67.0% to 77.0% 的肝脏可食用。与可食用肝脏的胴体相比,患有严重脓肿(A+、A+AD、A+OP、A+AD/OP)或CHF的胴体热重(HCW;分别为13.0千克和42.5千克)较轻。除毛细血管扩张外,所有异常情况都会减少肝脏内膜面积。与有可食用肝脏的胴体相比,有 A-、A、A+、A+AD 和 CHF 异常的胴体第 12 肋 s.c. 脂肪较少。与可食用肝脏相比,随着肝脓肿严重程度的增加,胴体价值降低,胴体下线(从生产线上移除)的频率增加,尤其是 A+AD (4.2%)、A+OP (9.7%) 和 A+AD/OP (11.9%)。这些结果表明,控制肝脓肿和了解 CHF 的发展对防止胴体价值损失非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Validation of an experimental model to induce liver abscesses in Holstein steers using an acidotic diet challenge and intraruminal bacterial inoculation*† 验证利用酸性日粮挑战和腔内细菌接种诱发荷斯坦阉牛肝脓肿的实验模型*†。
IF 1.5 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02485
Zach S. McDaniel , Kristin E. Hales , T.G. Nagaraja , Ty E. Lawrence , Travis C. Tennant , Raghavendra G. Amachawadi , Jeff A. Carroll , Nicole C. Burdick Sanchez , Michael L. Galyean , Emily Davis , Kesley Kohl , Dalton J. Line , Colten W. Dornbach , Mina Abbasi , Alyssa Deters , Xiaorong Shi , Michael A. Ballou , Vinicius S. Machado , Taylor M. Smock , Paul R. Broadway

Objective

Our objectives were to develop and evaluate a model to induce liver abscesses (LA) in cattle and assess roles of Fusobacterium and Salmonella on LA formation and severity.

Materials and Methods

Holstein steers (n = 40; initial BW = 110 ± 12.0 kg) were assigned randomly to treatments (n = 10 per treatment): (1) control diet (CON); (2) acidotic diet (AD); (3) AD plus inoculation of Fusobacterium necrophorum ssp. necrophorum (8.81 × 1010 cfu/steer; ADFn); or (4) AD and intraruminal inoculation of F. necrophorum (8.81 × 1010 cfu/steer) and Salmonella enterica Lubbock (1.52 × 1011 cfu/steer; ADFS). On d 0, steers were subjected to 4 acidotic cycles where they were fed the acidotic diet for 3 d and then the control diet for 2 d. Intraruminal bacterial inoculation was on d 20. From d 21, AD, ADFn, and ADFS steers remained on the acidotic diet until d 38. Euthanasia occurred on d 38, and gross pathology of the lung, rumen, liver, and colon were recorded.

Results and Discussion

Liver abscess prevalence was 40% in ADFn and 50% in ADFS versus 0% in CON and AD. No pathological differences were noted in lung nor colon among treatments; however, ruminal damage was more severe in ADFn and ADFS than in CON and AD steers.

Implications and Applications

Acidotic diet alone caused mild ruminal acidosis but no LA. Acidotic diet with intraruminal bacterial inoculation increased rumenitis severity and resulted in LA, thus validating the nutritional model to induce LA. Therefore, acidotic diet with intraruminal bacterial inoculation is a viable model to study the formation of LA.

我们的目的是开发和评估一种诱导牛肝脓肿(LA)的模型,并评估镰刀菌和沙门氏菌对 LA 的形成和严重程度的作用。材料和方法将荷斯坦阉牛(n = 40;初始体重 = 110 ± 12.0 kg)随机分配到不同的处理(每个处理 n = 10):(1)对照日粮(CON);(2)酸性日粮(AD);(3)AD 加接种坏死性镰刀菌(8.81 × 1010 cfu/头;ADFn);或(4)AD 加腔内接种坏死性镰刀菌(8.81 × 1010 cfu/头)和卢博克沙门氏菌(1.52 × 1011 cfu/头;ADFS)。从第 0 天开始,对母牛进行 4 个酸性循环,即饲喂酸性日粮 3 天,然后饲喂对照日粮 2 天。从第 21 天起,AD、ADFn 和 ADFS 公牛一直食用酸性日粮,直到第 38 天。第 38 天进行安乐死,并记录肺、瘤胃、肝脏和结肠的大体病理变化。结果与讨论肝脓肿的发生率在 ADFn 和 ADFS 中分别为 40% 和 50%,而在 CON 和 AD 中为 0%。在不同的处理中,肺和结肠的病理变化没有差异;但是,ADFn 和 ADFS 的瘤胃损伤比 CON 和 AD 的瘤胃损伤更严重。酸性日粮与腔内细菌接种会增加瘤胃炎的严重程度并导致 LA,从而验证了诱导 LA 的营养模型。因此,酸性日粮与腔内细菌接种是研究LA形成的一个可行模型。
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引用次数: 0
Removing tylosin phosphate from finishing diets with increasing roughage concentrations affects growth performance, carcass characteristics, and prevalence of liver abscesses of finishing steers* 随着粗饲料浓度的增加,从育成日粮中去除磷酸泰乐菌素会影响育成阉牛的生长性能、胴体特征和肝脓肿发病率*。
IF 1.5 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02489
A.B. Word , K.J. Karr , B.P. Holland , C.L. Maxwell , S.K. Linneen , P.J. Defoor

Objectives

This study compared standard finishing diets with or without tylosin phosphate at an industry standard roughage concentration, as well as titrated roughage concentrations in finishing diets containing no tylosin.

Materials and Methods

Beef steers (initial BW = 387 ± 14.2 kg; n = 3,340) were used in a randomized complete block design with 12 pens/treatment and 65 or 70 steers per pen. Dietary treatments were (1) 7.0% corn stalks with tylosin (7TYL), (2) 7.0% corn stalks without tylosin (7NT), (3) 13.0% corn stalks without tylosin (13NT), or (4) 19.0% corn stalks without tylosin (19NT). Corn stalks replaced steam-flaked corn on a DM basis.

Results and Discussion

Increased corn stalks linearly increased DMI. Increased corn stalks linearly reduced final BW and ADG, and resulted in poorer G:F. Hot carcass weight was similar between 7TYL and 7NT; however, hot carcass weight (HCW) linearly decreased as corn stalk inclusion increased. Tylosin inclusion resulted in a 32% reduction in liver abscess prevalence (from 19% to 13%). Liver abscess prevalence decreased linearly with increased corn stalks; tylosin use reduced adhered livers, whereas increased corn stalks did not.

Implications and Applications

Replacing steamflaked corn with 13% or 19% inclusion of corn stalks in diets without tylosin phosphate could reduce liver abscess prevalence, but increased roughage may not decrease the severity of the liver abscesses. Importantly, decreased dietary energy density led to increased DMI and reduced HCW in cattle fed to the same days on feed.

本研究比较了含有或不含有磷酸泰乐菌素的标准育成日粮(行业标准粗饲料浓度),以及滴定粗饲料浓度(不含泰乐菌素)的育成日粮。材料和方法采用随机完全区组设计,每组 12 栏,每栏 65 或 70 头肉牛(初始体重 = 387 ± 14.2 千克;n = 3,340 头)。日粮处理为:(1)含泰乐菌素的 7.0% 玉米秆(7TYL);(2)不含泰乐菌素的 7.0% 玉米秆(7NT);(3)不含泰乐菌素的 13.0% 玉米秆(13NT);或(4)不含泰乐菌素的 19.0% 玉米秆(19NT)。结果和讨论增加玉米秆可线性增加 DMI。玉米秆的增加线性地降低了最终体重和 ADG,并导致较差的 G:F。7TYL 和 7NT 的热胴体重相似;但是,热胴体重(HCW)随着玉米秆含量的增加而线性下降。添加泰乐菌素可使肝脓肿发病率降低 32%(从 19% 降至 13%)。意义和应用在不添加磷酸泰乐菌素的日粮中添加 13% 或 19% 的玉米秸秆取代蒸汽淀粉玉米可降低肝脓肿发病率,但增加粗饲料可能不会降低肝脓肿的严重程度。重要的是,降低日粮能量密度可增加牛的DMI,并降低相同日粮中牛的HCW。
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引用次数: 0
"June" Cover "六月 "封面
IF 1.5 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2590-2865(24)00065-X
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Applied Animal Science
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