Applied Animal Science最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of weaning and backgrounding management practices used by Alabama beef cattle producers","authors":"S. Maggie Justice ,&nbsp;M. Kimberly Mullenix ,&nbsp;D. Alex Tigue ,&nbsp;Michelle F. Elmore ,&nbsp;S.L. Dillard ,&nbsp;W.B. Smith ,&nbsp;Max Runge ,&nbsp;W. Ken Kelley","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2023-02467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Beef calf management strategies used during the weaning and postweaning period can have extended effects on growth performance and health in the production chain. With the number of different practices beef cow-calf operators can use during these stages of production, it is important for Extension educators to understand which management strategies are most commonly used and where educational gaps might exist. The objective of this study was to determine farmer perceptions, on-farm applications, and potential barriers to adopting beef calf weaning and backgrounding strategies among Alabama producers.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>An online survey with 24 total questions was developed and distributed to cattle producers in the state of Alabama in March 2022. Questions addressed whether producers use managed weaning and backgrounding strategies, and respondents followed a predetermined question track based on this response.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>A total of 214 complete responses were received with 94% of respondents considering their operation to be a cow-calf operation. Most participants (46%) had a herd size of 50 cows or less. Abrupt weaning was the most widely used method of weaning (55%) among producers. Over half (61%) of producers indicated they background their calves, and another 25% stated that they do in some years but not always. For respondents that do not background their calves, market unpredictability is the main driver surrounding the decision to keep calves for backgrounding or to sell immediately after weaning. Key challenges producers who practice managed weaning and backgrounding strategies face in their operations include input costs, land availability, and market predictability. Methods for marketing backgrounded calves differed across respondents, with 49% of respondents using local livestock auctions to sell calves.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>Developing demonstration data models to address cost benefits of weaning and backgrounding may help producers evaluate areas of challenges identified in this survey. Extension educators can apply these data to create resources centered around backgrounding cattle to help improve potential applications of management after weaning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages 81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000168/pdf?md5=8758a66dd79965c43f8092dbe31ae36b&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000168-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140295955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Call for Submissions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2590-2865(24)00043-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2590-2865(24)00043-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages iv-vi"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000430/pdfft?md5=b22ba508eef3ef6914fbb3ddb33a0128&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000430-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140296037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction of an herbicide containing aminopyralid and metsulfuron and nitrogen fertilizer in tall fescue pastures grazed by stocker cattle","authors":"Eric A. Bailey ,&nbsp;Mikaela J. Adams ,&nbsp;Kevin R. Meng ,&nbsp;Joshua M. Zeltwanger ,&nbsp;Derek W. Brake ,&nbsp;Xiangwei Du","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2023-02451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Our objective was to evaluate the effects of an herbicide containing aminopyralid and metsulfuron (Chapparal; Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, IN) follow- ing spring-applied nitrogen fertilizer on stocker cattle per- formance, forage species composition, seedhead density, and ergovaline concentration.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Each year (n = 3), 96 steers (266 ± 19.3 kg) were randomly assigned to sixteen 1.8-ha pastures. Pastures were randomly assigned 1 of 4 treat- ments: no herbicide or nitrogen (NEGCON) or herbi- cide (140 g/ha) with 0 kg/ha N (CHAP0N), 67 kg/ha N (CHAP67N), or 134 kg/ha N (CHAP134N). Ammonium nitrate was applied March 7 ±3.6 d, and herbicide was applied April 14 ±1.5 d. Steers began grazing 72 h after herbicide application. Steer weight, standing forage height, forage nutritive value, and alkaloid concentrations in tall fescue tillers were measured monthly. Tall fescue seedhead frequency and forage species frequency were col- lected June 14 ±3.1 d.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>Tall fescue seedheads were reduced by 68% within pastures receiving herbicide. Her- bicide application did not affect ergovaline concentration, but ergovaline concentration increased across months. Ni- trogen fertilizer tended to quadratically increase forage mass. Steer ADG was greater in pastures treated with fertilizer and herbicide than in those not treated.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>Under the condi- tions of this experiment, application of herbicide contain- ing aminopyralid and metsulfuron to tall fescue pastures decreased seedhead concentration but did not affect ergov- aline. Nitrogen fertilizer increased forage mass on pastures treated with herbicide, and the combination improved steer gain under a short-duration continuously grazed sys- tem.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages 103-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000181/pdf?md5=eafa82908f51d5c16a7100051523cf66&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000181-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140295937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of residual feed intake, residual average daily gain, and residual intake and gain to carcass and steak characteristics of Hereford × Brahman steers","authors":"T.J. Machado ,&nbsp;K.L. Montemayor ,&nbsp;F.M. Rouquette Jr ,&nbsp;R. Reuter ,&nbsp;J.C. Paschal ,&nbsp;R.D. Randel","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2023-02445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Our objective was to expand the understanding of <em>Bos indicus</em> feed efficiency by utilizing Hereford × Brahman steers to determine if residual feed intake (RFI), residual average daily gain (RADG), and residual intake and gain (RIG) influence carcass and steak characteristics.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Hereford × Brahman steers (n = 29; age ± SD = 261 ± 41 d) were transported to a facility with a GrowSafe System (GrowSafe Systems Ltd.) to determine RFI, RADG, and RIG, then to a feedyard (BW of 391 ± 39.0 kg), fed 89 d, and slaughtered (BW 731 ± 70 kg). Steers were categorized on their value compared with the mean (x) for RFI, RADG, and RIG into groups of efficient, less efficient, less inefficient, and inefficient.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>Efficiency measurements RFI, RADG, and RIG were not correlated with carcass or steak characteristics. Carcasses from less inefficient RADG steers had the least internal fat. Carcasses from less efficient RIG steers had the most adjusted backfat, and less inefficient RIG steers had lower yield grades than the less efficient and inefficient RIG steers. Steaks from the less inefficient RFI steers were tougher than the efficient and less efficient RFI. All other carcass and steak characteristics were not different.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>The results provide information about RFI, RADG, and RIG for Brahman- influenced herds and consideration of the small sample size should occur when applying the information to management decisions for beef herds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages 167-175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000247/pdf?md5=fe7037642d08731e8e9afa5474ff7a2f&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000247-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140295961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing beef producers’ interest in cooperative business models in New Hampshire, Maine, and Vermont","authors":"E.M. Enzien ,&nbsp;P.S. Erickson ,&nbsp;A.B. Bruce ,&nbsp;C.W. Knight ,&nbsp;A.B. Conroy","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2023-02478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study assessed the characteristics of northern New England producers and their willingness to participate in cooperative marketing (CM) or cooperative processing (CoP) of beef cattle.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>A survey was conducted with producers in the region. Pearson correlation coeffi- cients were used to evaluate whether producers were will- ing to participate in CM or CoP. Two multiple regression models were created using variance inflation procedures and backward elimination to predict whether producers were likely to participate in CM and CoP.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>A total of 174 surveys were returned and 161 were usable for analysis. Producers in- terested in CoP were likely also to be interested in CM, but producers with an established business were not in- terested in CoP. Producers interested in mobile slaughter units and access to CoP were interested in participating in CoP than their counterparts. The regression model pre- dicted those less interested in CM were producers who had hired labor and concerns about regulations. The regres- sion model for CoP indicated that producers who reported more consistent herd sizes (number of cattle processed) were less likely to participate, whereas those interested in CM were more likely to participate.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>New and smaller producers may be more likely to participate in CM or CoP than larger, more established producers in northern New England. Our analysis helps identify the characteristics of northern New England beef producers interested in form- ing cooperative businesses. This research approach could be used in other areas to determine the characteristics of beef producers interested in CM and processing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages 212-226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000296/pdfft?md5=f061af92a06330c65fdd5b6e32d77aee&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000296-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140296035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"April\" Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2590-2865(24)00038-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2590-2865(24)00038-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 2","pages":"Page OFC"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000387/pdfft?md5=d0a7c110c07b770ce270222a06f6c835&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000387-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140296036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"February\" Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2590-2865(24)00007-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2590-2865(24)00007-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"Page OFC"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000077/pdfft?md5=d70633ca2041a241600cd8d722a2c463&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000077-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139652975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of starch dilution with corn stalks or wet distillers grains with solubles on growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers","authors":"A.M. Kobza ,&nbsp;J.D. Young ,&nbsp;J.T. Richeson ,&nbsp;T.E. Lawrence ,&nbsp;M.E. Youngers ,&nbsp;K.L. Samuelson","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2023-02459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study evaluated the effects of starch dilution with different sources of dietary fiber from terminal implant to slaughter on growth performance, energy utilization, and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Steers (n = 416; initial BW = 372 ± 2.67 kg) were allocated to 48 pens in a randomized complete block design. Pens of cattle (n = 12 per treatment) were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments consisting of diets based on steam-flaked corn, containing (1) 7.50% corn stalks on a DM basis fed for the entire feeding period (CON), (2) 14.75% corn stalks on a DM basis fed from terminal implant to slaughter (CS), (3) 9.50% wet distillers grains with solubles and 7.50% corn stalks on a DM basis fed from terminal implant to slaughter (WD), and (4) 19.00% wet distillers grains with solubles and 0.0% corn stalks on a DM basis fed from terminal implant to slaughter (NR). Six days before administration of the terminal implant, steers were transitioned to their treatment diets using a 2-ration system, whereas CON consumed the same diet throughout the entire feeding period.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>As expected, performance (BW, DMI, ADG, G:F) was not different from d 0 of the study to dietary transition. Dry matter intake and calculated ME intake from dietary transition to slaughter were greatest for cattle consuming CS, intermediate for WD and CON, and least for NR. Final BW and ADG did not differ among treatments from dietary transition to slaughter; G:F was greatest for NR, intermediate for WD, and least for CS and CON. There was no difference in hot carcass weight, DP, marbling score, QG, YG, or percentage KPH among treatments. Steers consuming CS had greater 12th-rib s.c. fat thickness. The proportion of abscessed livers did not differ among treatments.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>Increasing the proportion of corn stalks in the diet after terminal implant administration increased DMI and ME intake with no effect on G:F. In contrast, removing corn stalks from the diet and increasing the proportion of wet distillers grains with solubles to provide an equivalent starch concentration reduced DMI and improved G:F.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"Pages 29-39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259028652400003X/pdf?md5=175b831567b349da84a4d160a842a26e&pid=1-s2.0-S259028652400003X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139653008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic-impact variability among F1 Nellore–Angus herd sires reared together and used in multiple-sire mating groups","authors":"Logan T. Dodd ,&nbsp;David P. Anderson ,&nbsp;David G. Riley ,&nbsp;Andy D. Herring","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2023-02419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study investigated variation of calf number and resulting economic impacts of F₁ crossbred sires that were reared together as calves and used in multi- sire, natural-service breeding groups.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Birth (n = 540) and weaning (n = 533) calf records were evaluated retrospectively in a crossbred research herd. Sires per annual breeding group varied from 6 to 9; females exposed per bull ranged from 12.5 to 19.5 across years. Bulls born in the same year were reared together, and all bulls were pastured together when not in breeding groups. Calf performance and economic value were determined annually per sire. Mixed model analyses were conducted that included fixed categorical effects of calf birth year, F₁ sire type (Angus-sired vs. Nellore-sired), sire nested within type, calf sex, and the interaction of F₁ sire type with calf sex.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>Large differences were observed in calf numbers and performance. Weaned calves produced annually per sire ranged from 0 to 48, when average expectations were 10.5 to 15.2. Average annual calf performance per sire ranged from 29.7 to 49.4 kg for birth weight and 197.4 to 241.4 kg for weaning weight. Annual economic contribution per sire ranged from $0 to $29,582 when considering half of calf value as being attributed to the sire.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>Commercial cow- calf producers should consider potential sire variability for calf numbers and birth date in combination with traditional calf performance for improved economic assessments in their herds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"Pages 69-79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000065/pdf?md5=e30c9a15ea624bb525323b75f9cb1a6b&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000065-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139653013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth performance, carcass traits, and feeder calf value of beef × Holstein and Holstein feedlot steers*","authors":"M. Pimentel-Concepción ,&nbsp;J.R. Jaborek ,&nbsp;J.P. Schweihofer ,&nbsp;A.J. Garmyn ,&nbsp;M.-G.-S. McKendree ,&nbsp;B.J. Bradford ,&nbsp;A. Hentschl ,&nbsp;D.D. Buskirk","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2023-02454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The objective of this study was to compare feedlot performance, carcass traits, and value of beef × Holstein (B × HO) and Holstein (HO) feedlot steers.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>After a 21-d acclimation to the feedlot, steers (B × HO, n = 60 and HO, n = 60) were blocked by BW into 10 pens per breed type. Steer BW gain, DMI, and G:F were measured on a 28-d basis. Steers were slaughtered at a commercial abattoir on d 245 for B × HO and 266 for HO, after reaching an average carcass empty body fat of 30.0%. Following a 48-h chill, carcass data were collected.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>The B × HO steers tended to have 5% greater ADG (1.75 vs. 1.70 kg/d) compared with the HO steers but similar DMI (10.40 vs. 10.35 kg/d). The B × HO steers had 4% greater G:F compared with HO steers (0.172 vs. 0.165). Cost of gain was 14% less for B × HO compared with HO steers ($2.68 vs. $2.83/ kg). Although final live BW tended to be less for B × HO compared with HO steers (622 vs. 635 kg), carcass weights were similar between breed types (365 vs. 367 kg). The B × HO steers had 20% greater LM area (87.8 vs. 73.1 cm²), greater backfat thickness (1.18 vs. 0.79 cm), and a lesser average calculated USDA YG (2.9 vs. 3.2) than HO steers. The B × HO and HO steers had similar average marbling scores (426 vs. 437) and USDA QG. Based on abattoir prices, carcass revenue was greater for B × HO steers ($1,836/carcass) when compared with HO steers ($1,800/carcass). Based on a mean receiving BW of 171.9 kg, calculated breakeven feeder calf value was greater for B × HO steers compared with HO steers ($367 vs. $284/100 kg).</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>Overall, B × HO steers were more feed efficient and produced carcasses with more desirable carcass yield, resulting in greater feeder calf value when compared with HO steers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"Pages 56-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000053/pdf?md5=0949e672839ac76c5e5eec771f03ecbb&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000053-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139653014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}