Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.49121
Rajesh Cs, Prabhakar R Patil, Neeta T. Gavimath
Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of research orientation program on understanding the basics of research among undergraduate medical students. Basic knowledge of research is required to prepare a research protocol. Methods: A research orientation program was conducted for enhancing the basic knowledge/skills of research for preparing a research protocol for short-term research projects. This basic knowledge of research among the undergraduate students was determined by using a set of questionnaire. The participants were given a set of questionnaire before and after attending the research orientation program. Results: It was observed that the participated candidates improved their skills between the pretest and posttest which is due to well planned workshop/research orientation program. Conclusion: This study indicates these kind of research orientation program could help undergraduate students for enhancing the research skills required for preparing research protocol of short term research projects.
{"title":"STUDY THE IMPACT OF THE RESEARCH ORIENTATION PROGRAM ON UNDERSTANDING THE BASICS OF RESEARCH AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS","authors":"Rajesh Cs, Prabhakar R Patil, Neeta T. Gavimath","doi":"10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.49121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.49121","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of research orientation program on understanding the basics of research among undergraduate medical students. Basic knowledge of research is required to prepare a research protocol.\u0000Methods: A research orientation program was conducted for enhancing the basic knowledge/skills of research for preparing a research protocol for short-term research projects. This basic knowledge of research among the undergraduate students was determined by using a set of questionnaire. The participants were given a set of questionnaire before and after attending the research orientation program.\u0000Results: It was observed that the participated candidates improved their skills between the pretest and posttest which is due to well planned workshop/research orientation program.\u0000Conclusion: This study indicates these kind of research orientation program could help undergraduate students for enhancing the research skills required for preparing research protocol of short term research projects.","PeriodicalId":8528,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141372614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the relationship between household activities performance and body mass index (BMI) of housewives. Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken among housewives residing in Shivalli village in Udupi district. The ages of the participants were between 30 and 45 years. The total number of the participants was 61. Household activities performance questionnaire was developed for data collection. The content of the questionnaire was validated by five registered occupational therapists with more than 15 years’ experience. The BMI of the participants was taken to ascertain their body weight status. Semi-structured interview was conducted to inquire about their household tasks using the developed household activities performance questionnaire. A diet chart with a total number of 7 days of meal was collected to calculate the participants’ calorie intake. The corresponding metabolic equivalent of task values for each mentioned task was assigned from compendium of physical activities (PA) to determine the relationship between household activities (manual and mechanical) performance and BMI of the participants. Results: While there was no significant negative correlation between housewives’ household manual activities performance and their BMI, housewives’ household mechanical activities performance and BMI showed a significant positive correlation. Sociodemographic characteristics showed no significant weak negative relationship with BMI score except socio-economic status which showed a significant weak positive relationship. Conclusion: Household activities performed by housewives might not have an impact on their BMI. However, combining household activities with moderate PA might tends to have an impact on the BMI of housewives. Further study with more sample size and a standardized questionnaire is recommended for future study.
{"title":"RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HOUSEHOLD ACTIVITIES PERFORMANCE AND BODY MASS INDEX OF HOUSEWIVES","authors":"Roqeeb Babatunde Raji, Abraham Adegbola, Adebimpe Yetunde Owoyemi, Olalekan Waliyilahi Salawu, Guruprasad Vijayasarathi","doi":"10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.50828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.50828","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the relationship between household activities performance and body mass index (BMI) of housewives.\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken among housewives residing in Shivalli village in Udupi district. The ages of the participants were between 30 and 45 years. The total number of the participants was 61. Household activities performance questionnaire was developed for data collection. The content of the questionnaire was validated by five registered occupational therapists with more than 15 years’ experience. The BMI of the participants was taken to ascertain their body weight status. Semi-structured interview was conducted to inquire about their household tasks using the developed household activities performance questionnaire. A diet chart with a total number of 7 days of meal was collected to calculate the participants’ calorie intake. The corresponding metabolic equivalent of task values for each mentioned task was assigned from compendium of physical activities (PA) to determine the relationship between household activities (manual and mechanical) performance and BMI of the participants.\u0000Results: While there was no significant negative correlation between housewives’ household manual activities performance and their BMI, housewives’ household mechanical activities performance and BMI showed a significant positive correlation. Sociodemographic characteristics showed no significant weak negative relationship with BMI score except socio-economic status which showed a significant weak positive relationship.\u0000Conclusion: Household activities performed by housewives might not have an impact on their BMI. However, combining household activities with moderate PA might tends to have an impact on the BMI of housewives. Further study with more sample size and a standardized questionnaire is recommended for future study.","PeriodicalId":8528,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141372197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.50485
Sangeeta Devaliya, S. P. Tomar, Preeti Gupta, Vaishali Soni, J. Dhakar
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of caregiver burden in patients with schizophrenia using the burden assessment schedule (BAS). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and their respective caregivers from the patients admitted in the male and female wards of the psychiatric department to evaluate caregiver burden. The BAS is used to determine the burden on caregivers of schizophrenic patients. Results: This study revealed that 51% of the caregivers had experienced moderate levels of burden. Older caregivers experienced a significantly higher burden (p=0.03), whereas residence and educational status had no significant effect on the burden. The burden was highest among parents, followed by spouses, and the burden is positively correlated with gender and older caregivers. Conclusion: It is evident that an unaddressed burden exists among the caregivers of patients who have mental illness. It is crucial to develop strategies to lessen the load of caregiving and implement them effectively. Counseling and psychological support, though they do not directly mitigate the suffering of patients, may help improve the quality of care given by them to individuals with schizophrenia, thus overall improving the mental well-being of the whole family.
{"title":"THE UNSEEN: BURDEN IN CAREGIVERS OF PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA IN A TERTIARY CARE INSTITUTE","authors":"Sangeeta Devaliya, S. P. Tomar, Preeti Gupta, Vaishali Soni, J. Dhakar","doi":"10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.50485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.50485","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of caregiver burden in patients with schizophrenia using the burden assessment schedule (BAS).\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and their respective caregivers from the patients admitted in the male and female wards of the psychiatric department to evaluate caregiver burden. The BAS is used to determine the burden on caregivers of schizophrenic patients.\u0000Results: This study revealed that 51% of the caregivers had experienced moderate levels of burden. Older caregivers experienced a significantly higher burden (p=0.03), whereas residence and educational status had no significant effect on the burden. The burden was highest among parents, followed by spouses, and the burden is positively correlated with gender and older caregivers.\u0000Conclusion: It is evident that an unaddressed burden exists among the caregivers of patients who have mental illness. It is crucial to develop strategies to lessen the load of caregiving and implement them effectively. Counseling and psychological support, though they do not directly mitigate the suffering of patients, may help improve the quality of care given by them to individuals with schizophrenia, thus overall improving the mental well-being of the whole family.","PeriodicalId":8528,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141372581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: (1) The objective of the study was to determine the value of USG and computed tomography (CT) in early diagnosis of acute pancreatitis (AP). (2) The study aimed to compare which of the above two radiological investigations (USG/CT) provides the most important information of the disease process and to determine value of CT in evaluating complications, morbidity/severity, and predicting prognosis of AP using modified CT severity index (MCTSI). Methods: This study included 50 patients diagnosed with pancreatitis, consisting of 38 cases of AP and 12 cases of chronic pancreatitis (CP). Both USG and contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) were used to visualize the pancreas, assess its size, detect peripancreatic inflammation and fluid collections, and identify the extent of necrosis and complications. The sensitivity and specificity of USG and CECT were compared. The severity of AP was classified using the MCTSI within 3 days of symptom onset. Clinical outcomes, including hospital stay duration, organ failure, systemic infection, and the need for surgical intervention, were recorded and correlated with MCTSI scores. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 22.0 was used for statistical analysis and p<0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The mean age of patients was 37.92±12.14 years. USG had a sensitivity of 58% for detecting AP, significantly lower than the 95% sensitivity of CECT, primarily due to bowel gas interference. Both USG and CECT had high positive predictive values. The MCTSI effectively classified the severity of AP, with 41.5% of cases categorized as mild, 39% as moderate, and 19.5% as severe. Extrapancreatic complications were significantly correlated with adverse clinical outcomes and end-organ failure when included in the MCTSI scoring. USG was adequate for diagnosing CP through visualization of dilated ducts, calcifications, and atrophic pancreas, but CECT demonstrated higher specificity and accuracy, especially for rare forms like groove and mass-forming pancreatitis. The study showed a strong correlation between MCTSI scores and patient outcomes. The mortality rate was 2%, observed only in patients with severe AP. Conclusion: The MCTSI is a valuable tool for accurately classifying the severity of AP and predicting clinical outcomes. CECT is superior to USG in diagnosing and managing pancreatitis, providing better visualization and assessment of complications. While USG is useful for diagnosing CP, CECT offers greater specificity and accuracy. The study supports the use of MCTSI in routine clinical practice to guide the management and predict outcomes in patients with AP.
目的：（1）该研究旨在确定 USG 和计算机断层扫描（CT）在早期诊断急性胰腺炎（AP）中的价值。 2）该研究旨在比较上述两种放射检查（USG/CT）中哪一种能提供疾病过程的最重要信息，并确定 CT 在评估并发症、发病率/严重程度以及使用改良 CT 严重程度指数（MCTSI）预测 AP 预后中的价值：本研究纳入了 50 名确诊为胰腺炎的患者，其中包括 38 例 AP 和 12 例慢性胰腺炎（CP）患者。USG 和对比增强 CT（CECT）均用于观察胰腺、评估胰腺大小、检测胰腺周围炎症和积液，以及确定坏死程度和并发症。比较了 USG 和 CECT 的灵敏度和特异性。在症状出现后 3 天内使用 MCTSI 对 AP 的严重程度进行分类。记录临床结果，包括住院时间、器官衰竭、全身感染和手术干预需求，并与 MCTSI 评分相关联。统计分析采用社会科学统计软件包 22.0，P<0.05 为差异有统计学意义：患者的平均年龄为（37.92±12.14）岁。USG 检测 AP 的灵敏度为 58%，明显低于 CECT 95% 的灵敏度，主要原因是肠道气体干扰。USG 和 CECT 的阳性预测值都很高。MCTSI 对 AP 的严重程度进行了有效分类，41.5% 的病例被归类为轻度，39% 为中度，19.5% 为重度。如果将胰腺外并发症纳入 MCTSI 评分，则与不良临床结果和终末器官衰竭显著相关。USG 可观察到扩张的胰管、钙化和萎缩的胰腺，足以诊断 CP，但 CECT 显示出更高的特异性和准确性，尤其是对于罕见的胰腺炎，如沟状胰腺炎和肿块型胰腺炎。研究显示，MCTSI 评分与患者预后之间存在很强的相关性。死亡率为 2%，仅在重症 AP 患者中观察到：结论：MCTSI 是准确划分 AP 严重程度和预测临床预后的重要工具。在诊断和治疗胰腺炎方面，CECT 优于 USG，能提供更好的可视化和并发症评估。虽然 USG 可用于诊断 CP，但 CECT 的特异性和准确性更高。该研究支持在常规临床实践中使用 MCTSI 来指导 AP 患者的治疗和预测预后。
{"title":"A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ULTRASOUND AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN EVALUATION OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC PANCREATITIS, ASSOCIATED COMPLICATIONS AND PREDICTING SEVERITY AND PROGNOSIS","authors":"Mahesh Hariharan, Vivek Chail, Ameet Mudda, Priya Modi, Mayank Rangari","doi":"10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.51657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.51657","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: (1) The objective of the study was to determine the value of USG and computed tomography (CT) in early diagnosis of acute pancreatitis (AP). (2) The study aimed to compare which of the above two radiological investigations (USG/CT) provides the most important information of the disease process and to determine value of CT in evaluating complications, morbidity/severity, and predicting prognosis of AP using modified CT severity index (MCTSI).\u0000Methods: This study included 50 patients diagnosed with pancreatitis, consisting of 38 cases of AP and 12 cases of chronic pancreatitis (CP). Both USG and contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) were used to visualize the pancreas, assess its size, detect peripancreatic inflammation and fluid collections, and identify the extent of necrosis and complications. The sensitivity and specificity of USG and CECT were compared. The severity of AP was classified using the MCTSI within 3 days of symptom onset. Clinical outcomes, including hospital stay duration, organ failure, systemic infection, and the need for surgical intervention, were recorded and correlated with MCTSI scores. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 22.0 was used for statistical analysis and p<0.05 was taken as statistically significant.\u0000Results: The mean age of patients was 37.92±12.14 years. USG had a sensitivity of 58% for detecting AP, significantly lower than the 95% sensitivity of CECT, primarily due to bowel gas interference. Both USG and CECT had high positive predictive values. The MCTSI effectively classified the severity of AP, with 41.5% of cases categorized as mild, 39% as moderate, and 19.5% as severe. Extrapancreatic complications were significantly correlated with adverse clinical outcomes and end-organ failure when included in the MCTSI scoring. USG was adequate for diagnosing CP through visualization of dilated ducts, calcifications, and atrophic pancreas, but CECT demonstrated higher specificity and accuracy, especially for rare forms like groove and mass-forming pancreatitis. The study showed a strong correlation between MCTSI scores and patient outcomes. The mortality rate was 2%, observed only in patients with severe AP.\u0000Conclusion: The MCTSI is a valuable tool for accurately classifying the severity of AP and predicting clinical outcomes. CECT is superior to USG in diagnosing and managing pancreatitis, providing better visualization and assessment of complications. While USG is useful for diagnosing CP, CECT offers greater specificity and accuracy. The study supports the use of MCTSI in routine clinical practice to guide the management and predict outcomes in patients with AP.","PeriodicalId":8528,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141375227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.50735
Samiksha Benke, Padmaja S. Kore
This article examines the management of varicose vein disease, a condition affecting lower limbs and characterized by swollen, convoluted veins. It highlights that prolonged standing and obesity, particularly in older adults, increase the likelihood of varicose vein disease. It provides a comprehensive analysis of treatment options and preventative strategies. The review discusses varicose veins, their causes, prevention methods, risk factors, and treatments. It highlights the effectiveness of endovascular, surgical, and herbal therapies in improving quality of life and reducing secondary vein-related issues. Lifestyle interventions like consistent yoga and certain fruits and vegetables are also emphasized as preventative strategies. The article emphasizes the importance of antioxidant medications, particularly flavonoid-based ones, in reducing arterial blood pressure and preventing atherosclerosis in patients with varicose veins. These veins, typically found in the thigh or calf, are enlarged due to sensitivity to the venous wall and abnormal valve function. Over time, they may become longer, twisted, pouched, and thicker due to gravity pulls.
{"title":"SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF VARICOSE VEIN DISEASE","authors":"Samiksha Benke, Padmaja S. Kore","doi":"10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.50735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.50735","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the management of varicose vein disease, a condition affecting lower limbs and characterized by swollen, convoluted veins. It highlights that prolonged standing and obesity, particularly in older adults, increase the likelihood of varicose vein disease. It provides a comprehensive analysis of treatment options and preventative strategies. The review discusses varicose veins, their causes, prevention methods, risk factors, and treatments. It highlights the effectiveness of endovascular, surgical, and herbal therapies in improving quality of life and reducing secondary vein-related issues. Lifestyle interventions like consistent yoga and certain fruits and vegetables are also emphasized as preventative strategies. The article emphasizes the importance of antioxidant medications, particularly flavonoid-based ones, in reducing arterial blood pressure and preventing atherosclerosis in patients with varicose veins. These veins, typically found in the thigh or calf, are enlarged due to sensitivity to the venous wall and abnormal valve function. Over time, they may become longer, twisted, pouched, and thicker due to gravity pulls.","PeriodicalId":8528,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141372832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.51420
Khushdeep Kaur, Reena Kumari, D. Bhagat, Sanjay Bosak
To report a case of ocular zoonotic infestation of Dirofilaria Repens.
报告一例人畜共患的眼部 Repenis Dirofilaria 感染病例。
{"title":"TO REPORT A CASE OF OCULAR ZOONOTIC INFESTATION OF DIROFILARIA REPENS","authors":"Khushdeep Kaur, Reena Kumari, D. Bhagat, Sanjay Bosak","doi":"10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.51420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.51420","url":null,"abstract":"To report a case of ocular zoonotic infestation of Dirofilaria Repens.","PeriodicalId":8528,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141370646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.50607
Sethuraman Al, B. R, MANIMARAN M, C. S, S. G
Objectives: The objective of this study was to study the various electrocardiogram (ECG) manifestations in patients who develop acute liver cell failure due to rat killer paste poisoning. Methods: Patients who developed acute liver cell failure due to rat killer paste ingestion admitted during the time period of July 2022–December 2022 in our institution were taken up for the study. Serial ECG monitoring was done in all these patients and observed for any changes. Results: Eighty-eight cases of rat killer paste poisoning that developed acute liver failure during this time period were included in the study. Out of 88 patients, 24 patients (27%) had ECG manifestations. The different ECG manifestations are ST depression with T wave inversion – 13 patients (10 expired), QT prolongation – 8 patients (3 expired), sinus bradycardia – 2 patients, and atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate – 1 patient (expired). The mean time of onset of ECG findings is 22 h from intake of poison. The overall mortality rate is 23% (20 patients). About 70% of expired patients (14 patients) had abnormal ECG manifestations. Conclusion: ST depression with T wave inversion was the most common ECG manifestation due to rat killer paste poisoning in our study and it correlates with mortality. Since cardiotoxicity due to rat killer paste poisoning is also a major contributor to mortality, proper measures have to be taken to create awareness to the general public regarding the toxicity of rat killer paste.
{"title":"A STUDY ON ECG FINDINGS IN ACUTE LIVER CELL FAILURE DUE TO RAT KILLER PASTE POISONING","authors":"Sethuraman Al, B. R, MANIMARAN M, C. S, S. G","doi":"10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.50607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.50607","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The objective of this study was to study the various electrocardiogram (ECG) manifestations in patients who develop acute liver cell failure due to rat killer paste poisoning.\u0000Methods: Patients who developed acute liver cell failure due to rat killer paste ingestion admitted during the time period of July 2022–December 2022 in our institution were taken up for the study. Serial ECG monitoring was done in all these patients and observed for any changes.\u0000Results: Eighty-eight cases of rat killer paste poisoning that developed acute liver failure during this time period were included in the study. Out of 88 patients, 24 patients (27%) had ECG manifestations. The different ECG manifestations are ST depression with T wave inversion – 13 patients (10 expired), QT prolongation – 8 patients (3 expired), sinus bradycardia – 2 patients, and atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate – 1 patient (expired). The mean time of onset of ECG findings is 22 h from intake of poison. The overall mortality rate is 23% (20 patients). About 70% of expired patients (14 patients) had abnormal ECG manifestations.\u0000Conclusion: ST depression with T wave inversion was the most common ECG manifestation due to rat killer paste poisoning in our study and it correlates with mortality. Since cardiotoxicity due to rat killer paste poisoning is also a major contributor to mortality, proper measures have to be taken to create awareness to the general public regarding the toxicity of rat killer paste.","PeriodicalId":8528,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.50602
Chandra Sekhar Ponnada, Harpreet Singh, Rajat Shukla, Arvinder Kaur Heer
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for benign and malignant neoplastic hepatic lesions and also for suspected infective hepatic masses in which histopathology may always not be indicated. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the department of radio diagnosis and imaging, army hospital research and referral, Delhi Cantt. All the patients coming for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans for focal liver lesions detected on other imaging modalities were included. The imaging was done at the 1.5 Tesla MAGNETOM AVANTO A Tim system (Siemens Ltd.). Various parameters of the morphology of lesions in conventional MRI and parameters in diffusion-weighted MRI were evaluated. Results: A total of 75 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 52.57±15.28 years, with a male: female sex ratio of 0.5:1. Among the 75 subjects, 20 subjects with hepatic cysts had no restrictions, and 12 patients with hemangioma were hyperintense on both diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and ADC. The mean differences between benign and malignant lesion ADC values. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). In the present study, we get a cut-off for the ADC value of 1.581×10-3 mm2/s, which proved to be an optimal parameter for differentiation between benign and malignant lesions. Conclusion: DWI proved to be a very useful supplementary imaging technique in conjunction with conventional imaging sequences in the analysis of focal hepatic lesions and should be included in the imaging algorithm for such lesions.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF HEPATIC MASS LESIONS BY DIFFUSION WEIGHTED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING","authors":"Chandra Sekhar Ponnada, Harpreet Singh, Rajat Shukla, Arvinder Kaur Heer","doi":"10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.50602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.50602","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for benign and malignant neoplastic hepatic lesions and also for suspected infective hepatic masses in which histopathology may always not be indicated.\u0000Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the department of radio diagnosis and imaging, army hospital research and referral, Delhi Cantt. All the patients coming for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans for focal liver lesions detected on other imaging modalities were included. The imaging was done at the 1.5 Tesla MAGNETOM AVANTO A Tim system (Siemens Ltd.). Various parameters of the morphology of lesions in conventional MRI and parameters in diffusion-weighted MRI were evaluated.\u0000Results: A total of 75 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 52.57±15.28 years, with a male: female sex ratio of 0.5:1. Among the 75 subjects, 20 subjects with hepatic cysts had no restrictions, and 12 patients with hemangioma were hyperintense on both diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and ADC. The mean differences between benign and malignant lesion ADC values. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). In the present study, we get a cut-off for the ADC value of 1.581×10-3 mm2/s, which proved to be an optimal parameter for differentiation between benign and malignant lesions.\u0000Conclusion: DWI proved to be a very useful supplementary imaging technique in conjunction with conventional imaging sequences in the analysis of focal hepatic lesions and should be included in the imaging algorithm for such lesions.","PeriodicalId":8528,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: The objectives of the study are as follows: (1) to assess the right ventricular function (RVF) by right ventricle outflow tract systolic excursion through M-mode echocardiography and (2) to correlate the right ventricle outflow tract systolic excursion value with other 2D echocardiographic methods of RVF assessment. Methods: The present observational prospective study was conducted in the department of cardiology, Apollo Multispeciality Hospital, Kolkata, among patients visiting the cardiology outpatient department and inpatient department from August 2021 to August 2022 to assess the RVF by right ventricle outflow tract systolic excursion through M-mode echocardiography and correlate the results with other methods (tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion, tissue Doppler imaging, pulmonary artery pressure, fractional area change [FAC]) of RVF assessment. Results: Majority of the patients in both groups belong to the age group of 51–60 years (45.5%), followed by 61–70 years (29.5%) and 41–50 years (20.5%). Patients with right ventricular (RV) dysfunction were more aged as compared to normal RVF. The mean body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher and mean hemoglobin level was significantly lower in patients with RV dysfunction as compared to the control group (p<0.05). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher among the patient group than in the control group (p<0.05). We found that right ventricular outflow tract systolic excursion (RVOT-SE), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), tissue Doppler myocardial performance index, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (%), and FAC were significantly lower among patient group than control group (p<0.01). TAPSE ≤17 mm was the best cutoff value that differentiates patients with RV systolic dysfunction from healthy individuals with normal RV systolic function. There were 67% of patients with ≤17 mm and 33% had >17 mm TAPSE. Conclusion: Our study concludes that RVOT-SE is a highly sensitive and specific method for diagnosing reduced RV systolic function patients. RVOT SE is not accurate as a sole parameter, but its high values can be used as an indicator for normal RV systolic function. It is simple to get, requiring one easy and reproducible M-Mode measurement from the parasternal short-axis view.
研究目的研究目的如下：（1）通过 M 型超声心动图检查右心室流出道收缩期偏移评估右心室功能（RVF）；（2）将右心室流出道收缩期偏移值与其他二维超声心动图评估右心室功能的方法相关联：本观察性前瞻性研究于 2021 年 8 月至 2022 年 8 月在加尔各答阿波罗多专科医院心内科门诊和住院部就诊的患者中进行，通过 M 型超声心动图以右室流出道收缩期偏移评估 RVF，并将结果与其他 RVF 评估方法（三尖瓣环平面收缩期偏移、组织多普勒成像、肺动脉压、分数面积变化 [FAC]）相关联：两组患者中大多数年龄在 51-60 岁（45.5%），其次是 61-70 岁（29.5%）和 41-50 岁（20.5%）。与正常右心室功能障碍患者相比，右心室功能障碍患者的年龄更大。与对照组相比，右心室功能障碍患者的平均体重指数（BMI）明显更高，平均血红蛋白水平明显更低（P17 mm TAPSE）：我们的研究得出结论，RVOT-SE 是诊断 RV 收缩功能减退患者的一种高度敏感且特异的方法。RVOT SE 作为唯一参数并不准确，但其高值可作为 RV 收缩功能正常的指标。其测量方法简单，只需从胸骨旁短轴切面进行一次简单且可重复的 M 模式测量即可。
{"title":"A STUDY ON ASSESSMENT OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION BY RIGHT VENTRICULAR OUTFLOW TRACT SYSTOLIC EXCURSION IN ADULT POPULATION ATTENDING A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN EASTERN INDIA","authors":"Kapil Kant Tripathi, ANURAG JAIN, Vishal Shrivastava, Dileep Dandotiya","doi":"10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.51373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.51373","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The objectives of the study are as follows:\u0000(1) to assess the right ventricular function (RVF) by right ventricle outflow tract systolic excursion through M-mode echocardiography and (2) to correlate the right ventricle outflow tract systolic excursion value with other 2D echocardiographic methods of RVF assessment.\u0000Methods: The present observational prospective study was conducted in the department of cardiology, Apollo Multispeciality Hospital, Kolkata, among patients visiting the cardiology outpatient department and inpatient department from August 2021 to August 2022 to assess the RVF by right ventricle outflow tract systolic excursion through M-mode echocardiography and correlate the results with other methods (tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion, tissue Doppler imaging, pulmonary artery pressure, fractional area change [FAC]) of RVF assessment.\u0000Results: Majority of the patients in both groups belong to the age group of 51–60 years (45.5%), followed by 61–70 years (29.5%) and 41–50 years (20.5%). Patients with right ventricular (RV) dysfunction were more aged as compared to normal RVF. The mean body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher and mean hemoglobin level was significantly lower in patients with RV dysfunction as compared to the control group (p<0.05). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher among the patient group than in the control group (p<0.05). We found that right ventricular outflow tract systolic excursion (RVOT-SE), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), tissue Doppler myocardial performance index, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (%), and FAC were significantly lower among patient group than control group (p<0.01). TAPSE ≤17 mm was the best cutoff value that differentiates patients with RV systolic dysfunction from healthy individuals with normal RV systolic function. There were 67% of patients with ≤17 mm and 33% had >17 mm TAPSE.\u0000Conclusion: Our study concludes that RVOT-SE is a highly sensitive and specific method for diagnosing reduced RV systolic function patients. RVOT SE is not accurate as a sole parameter, but its high values can be used as an indicator for normal RV systolic function. It is simple to get, requiring one easy and reproducible M-Mode measurement from the parasternal short-axis view.","PeriodicalId":8528,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141372956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.50741
Jitendra Hotwani, ANKITA RAO
Objective: National regulatory authority reviewed various fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) in view of doubtful rationality status and subsequently 349 FDCs were banned in 2018. This study was conducted to analyze the antimicrobial and antidiabetic FDCs banned by the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization in India. Methods: Data were collected from the report of drugs technical advisory board subcommittee. Banned antimicrobial and antidiabetic FDCs were assessed for the following parameters – number of active pharmacological ingredients, routes of administration and dosage forms, indications for marketing, reasons for banning, and pharmacological group of FDCs. Results: Seventy antimicrobial and 25 antidiabetic FDCs were analyzed. These FDCs contained 2–7 drugs, available mostly as tablets (51.42%, 100%) in antimicrobial and antidiabetic groups, respectively. Antimicrobial FDCs were marketed most for respiratory tract infections and infection and inflammatory conditions of the skin (17, 24.28% each) while antidiabetic FDCs were marketed for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (14, 56%). The reasons for ban were pharmacodynamic (68.57%, 16%) and pharmacokinetic (20%, 40%) mismatches, lack of evidence of efficacy (7.14%, 36%), and safety concerns (4.28%, 8%) in antimicrobial and antidiabetic groups, respectively. In antimicrobial FDCs, the most common combination was that of an antibacterial with other miscellaneous drugs (like zinc, Vitamin E, serratiopeptidase, etc.) (19, 27.14%) whereas antidiabetic FDCs most commonly had biguanide with thiazolidinedione and sulfonylurea (7, 28%). Conclusion: There is a need for scrutiny of other FDCs in larger interests of patient care and prescribers should be made aware about recently banned FDCs to promote rational pharmacotherapy.
{"title":"AN ANALYSIS OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIDIABETIC FIXED DOSE COMBINATIONS BANNED IN INDIA","authors":"Jitendra Hotwani, ANKITA RAO","doi":"10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.50741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i6.50741","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: National regulatory authority reviewed various fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) in view of doubtful rationality status and subsequently 349 FDCs were banned in 2018. This study was conducted to analyze the antimicrobial and antidiabetic FDCs banned by the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization in India.\u0000Methods: Data were collected from the report of drugs technical advisory board subcommittee. Banned antimicrobial and antidiabetic FDCs were assessed for the following parameters – number of active pharmacological ingredients, routes of administration and dosage forms, indications for marketing, reasons for banning, and pharmacological group of FDCs.\u0000Results: Seventy antimicrobial and 25 antidiabetic FDCs were analyzed. These FDCs contained 2–7 drugs, available mostly as tablets (51.42%, 100%) in antimicrobial and antidiabetic groups, respectively. Antimicrobial FDCs were marketed most for respiratory tract infections and infection and inflammatory conditions of the skin (17, 24.28% each) while antidiabetic FDCs were marketed for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (14, 56%). The reasons for ban were pharmacodynamic (68.57%, 16%) and pharmacokinetic (20%, 40%) mismatches, lack of evidence of efficacy (7.14%, 36%), and safety concerns (4.28%, 8%) in antimicrobial and antidiabetic groups, respectively. In antimicrobial FDCs, the most common combination was that of an antibacterial with other miscellaneous drugs (like zinc, Vitamin E, serratiopeptidase, etc.) (19, 27.14%) whereas antidiabetic FDCs most commonly had biguanide with thiazolidinedione and sulfonylurea (7, 28%).\u0000Conclusion: There is a need for scrutiny of other FDCs in larger interests of patient care and prescribers should be made aware about recently banned FDCs to promote rational pharmacotherapy.","PeriodicalId":8528,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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