Objective: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) results from the total occlusion of a coronary artery, often due to thrombus formation on a complicated atherosclerotic plaque. Despite advances in reperfusion techniques, patients with AMI face poor prognosis and high early mortality rates. Inflammatory markers, such as the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), have shown potential in predicting poor prognosis and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of PLR in predicting immediate outcomes in AMI patients by examining the relationship between PLR and the Killip classification, a tool used to assess heart failure severity. Methods: This prospective observational study included 75 patients diagnosed with AMI based on clinical presentation, electrocardiographic changes, and elevated cardiac biomarkers. Ethical committee clearance and informed consent were obtained. Baseline demographic and clinical data, including smoking status, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, were collected. The Killip classification assessed heart failure severity at admission. Blood samples were collected at admission (day 1) and at the end of the 1st week (day 7) to measure PLR values using automated hematology analyzers. Descriptive statistics summarized sociodemographic characteristics. T-tests compared PLR values between day 1 and day 7 for each Killip score, and analysis of variance assessed differences in PLR across different Killip scores. Correlation analysis evaluated the relationship between Killip scores and PLR at admission and the end of the 1st week. Results: The majority of patients were aged 40–59 years (44%) or older than 60 years (41.33%), with a predominance of male patients (70.67%). A significant number of patients were smokers (61.33%), many had hypertension (61.33%), and diabetes mellitus (57.33%). Analysis showed a significant reduction in PLR from day 1 to day 7 for all Killip scores. For instance, Killip score 1 saw a reduction from 112.34±21.09 to 93.83±15.27 (t=6.157, p<0.001). Higher Killip scores were consistently associated with higher PLR values at both time points. Correlation coefficients were 0.85 at admission and 0.82 at the end of the 1st week (p<0.001 for both), indicating a strong positive relationship. Conclusion: The study highlights the prognostic significance of PLR in AMI patients, with higher Killip scores associated with significantly higher PLR values. This consistent relationship suggests that PLR can serve as a reliable marker for early risk assessment and prognosis in AMI patients, supporting its potential utility in clinical practice. Further research is warranted to confirm these findings and explore the integration of PLR into the routine clinical management of AMI.
{"title":"PLATELET TO LYMPHOCYTE RATIO IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION","authors":"Manoj SIDDHARTH YASWANTH, Palamalai KUMAR PRASAD, Thamilmani Prabakaran, Kumar Karunanandham, Siva Kumar Karunanandham","doi":"10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.51927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.51927","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) results from the total occlusion of a coronary artery, often due to thrombus formation on a complicated atherosclerotic plaque. Despite advances in reperfusion techniques, patients with AMI face poor prognosis and high early mortality rates. Inflammatory markers, such as the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), have shown potential in predicting poor prognosis and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of PLR in predicting immediate outcomes in AMI patients by examining the relationship between PLR and the Killip classification, a tool used to assess heart failure severity.\u0000Methods: This prospective observational study included 75 patients diagnosed with AMI based on clinical presentation, electrocardiographic changes, and elevated cardiac biomarkers. Ethical committee clearance and informed consent were obtained. Baseline demographic and clinical data, including smoking status, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, were collected. The Killip classification assessed heart failure severity at admission. Blood samples were collected at admission (day 1) and at the end of the 1st week (day 7) to measure PLR values using automated hematology analyzers. Descriptive statistics summarized sociodemographic characteristics. T-tests compared PLR values between day 1 and day 7 for each Killip score, and analysis of variance assessed differences in PLR across different Killip scores. Correlation analysis evaluated the relationship between Killip scores and PLR at admission and the end of the 1st week.\u0000Results: The majority of patients were aged 40–59 years (44%) or older than 60 years (41.33%), with a predominance of male patients (70.67%). A significant number of patients were smokers (61.33%), many had hypertension (61.33%), and diabetes mellitus (57.33%). Analysis showed a significant reduction in PLR from day 1 to day 7 for all Killip scores. For instance, Killip score 1 saw a reduction from 112.34±21.09 to 93.83±15.27 (t=6.157, p<0.001). Higher Killip scores were consistently associated with higher PLR values at both time points. Correlation coefficients were 0.85 at admission and 0.82 at the end of the 1st week (p<0.001 for both), indicating a strong positive relationship.\u0000Conclusion: The study highlights the prognostic significance of PLR in AMI patients, with higher Killip scores associated with significantly higher PLR values. This consistent relationship suggests that PLR can serve as a reliable marker for early risk assessment and prognosis in AMI patients, supporting its potential utility in clinical practice. Further research is warranted to confirm these findings and explore the integration of PLR into the routine clinical management of AMI.","PeriodicalId":8528,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-07DOI: 10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.51945
Nihal, Ramesh Kumar Sahu, Hari OM Chandrakar, Ritika Nihal
Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound and mammography in the assessment of breast masses. Methods: This was a comparative observational study conducted in the department of radiology of a tertiary care medical institute. Fifty women coming for imaging of breast lumps were included in this study after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The demographic data, including age, sex, family history of breast cancer, personal history of breast disease, and other relevant clinical details, were collected for each patient to understand the population’s characteristics and ensure a comprehensive analysis. All patients underwent diagnostic mammography followed by sonography of the breast. Histopathological examination was done in 16 cases. Correlation between ultrasound features, mammography, and histopathological findings was done. p<0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was found to be 40.2±9.6 years. Twenty-three cases (28.75%) presented with only a lump. In addition, 15 cases (18.75%) reported experiencing pain along with the lump. There were 5 cases (6.25%) that had a lump accompanied by discharge, while 7 cases (8.75%) showed skin changes in addition to the lump. Nipple retraction was observed in 6 cases (7.50%). Among benign lesions, fibroadenoma was the most common and in the malignant category, invasive ductal carcinoma was the most prevalent, found in 7 patients (14%). Ductal carcinoma in situ was present in 5 patients (10%), invasive lobular carcinoma in 2 patients (4%), and triple-negative breast cancer in 1 patient (2%). On USG, 35 cases were having benign (70%) and 15 (30%) cases were having malignant pathologies. Mammography detected 34 benign (68%) and 16 malignant (32%) cases. When a combination of USG and mammography was used, 21 (42%) pathologies were having malignant pathologies. Conclusion: Combined ultrasound and mammographic evaluation of breast lump was more helpful in the accurate evaluation of breast pathologies than when either modality was used alone.
研究目的本研究旨在评估超声波和乳腺 X 线照相术在评估乳腺肿块时的诊断准确性：这是一项在一家三级医疗机构放射科进行的比较观察研究。根据纳入和排除标准，本研究纳入了 50 名前来接受乳腺肿块成像检查的女性。研究人员收集了每位患者的人口统计学数据，包括年龄、性别、乳腺癌家族史、个人乳腺疾病史以及其他相关临床细节，以了解人群特征，确保进行全面分析。所有患者均接受了诊断性乳房 X 线照相术，随后进行了乳房超声波检查。对 16 例患者进行了组织病理学检查。超声波特征、乳腺X光检查和组织病理学结果之间存在相关性，P<0.05为差异有统计学意义：结果：患者的平均年龄为 40.2±9.6 岁。23例（28.75%）患者仅表现为肿块。此外，15 例（18.75%）患者在出现肿块的同时还伴有疼痛。5例（6.25%）患者肿块伴有分泌物，7例（8.75%）患者除肿块外还伴有皮肤改变。有 6 例（7.50%）观察到乳头回缩。在良性病变中，纤维腺瘤最为常见，而在恶性病变中，浸润性乳腺导管癌最为常见，有 7 例（14%）。乳腺导管原位癌有 5 例（10%），浸润性小叶癌有 2 例（4%），三阴性乳腺癌有 1 例（2%）。在 USG 检查中，35 例（70%）为良性，15 例（30%）为恶性。乳房 X 光检查发现了 34 例良性病变（68%）和 16 例恶性病变（32%）。结论：超声波和乳腺 X 射线检查相结合，可发现 21 个病例（42%）为恶性病变：结论：联合使用超声波和乳腺X光检查评估乳腺肿块比单独使用其中一种方法更有助于准确评估乳腺病变。
{"title":"ROLE OF ULTRASOUND AND MAMMOGRAPHY FOR EVALUATION OF BREAST MASSES: A COMPARATIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY","authors":"Nihal, Ramesh Kumar Sahu, Hari OM Chandrakar, Ritika Nihal","doi":"10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.51945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.51945","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound and mammography in the assessment of breast masses.\u0000Methods: This was a comparative observational study conducted in the department of radiology of a tertiary care medical institute. Fifty women coming for imaging of breast lumps were included in this study after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The demographic data, including age, sex, family history of breast cancer, personal history of breast disease, and other relevant clinical details, were collected for each patient to understand the population’s characteristics and ensure a comprehensive analysis. All patients underwent diagnostic mammography followed by sonography of the breast. Histopathological examination was done in 16 cases. Correlation between ultrasound features, mammography, and histopathological findings was done. p<0.05 was taken as statistically significant.\u0000Results: The mean age of the patients was found to be 40.2±9.6 years. Twenty-three cases (28.75%) presented with only a lump. In addition, 15 cases (18.75%) reported experiencing pain along with the lump. There were 5 cases (6.25%) that had a lump accompanied by discharge, while 7 cases (8.75%) showed skin changes in addition to the lump. Nipple retraction was observed in 6 cases (7.50%). Among benign lesions, fibroadenoma was the most common and in the malignant category, invasive ductal carcinoma was the most prevalent, found in 7 patients (14%). Ductal carcinoma in situ was present in 5 patients (10%), invasive lobular carcinoma in 2 patients (4%), and triple-negative breast cancer in 1 patient (2%). On USG, 35 cases were having benign (70%) and 15 (30%) cases were having malignant pathologies. Mammography detected 34 benign (68%) and 16 malignant (32%) cases. When a combination of USG and mammography was used, 21 (42%) pathologies were having malignant pathologies.\u0000Conclusion: Combined ultrasound and mammographic evaluation of breast lump was more helpful in the accurate evaluation of breast pathologies than when either modality was used alone.","PeriodicalId":8528,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-07DOI: 10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.51316
Pranab Patnaik, Vikalap Gupta, S. Das
Objective: The gold standard therapy for benign prostatic obstruction is transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Because it improves outlet resistance, it may also be useful for individuals who have detrusor underactivity (DU) with lower urinary tract dysfunction that is refractory to medicinal therapy or in situations with a substantial residual urine volume. The objective of the current study was to assess the urodynamic behavior of the bladder following TURP in DU patients. Methods: This research examined and analyzed 41 individuals with DU (mean age 68.7 years). All these patients had a TURP for a suspected outlet blockage. All these patients had extensive pre-operative evaluations and urodynamics assessments before and after TURP. We compared maximum flow rate (Qmax), international prostate symptom score (IPSS), post-void residuals (PVR), quality of life (QoL) along with other urodynamic parameters assessing detrusor function like bladder contractility index (BCI), and detrusor pressure at Qmax (pdetQmax) pre- and post-TURP. Results: The average duration of follow-up of patients was 9.2 months. Following TURP, the mean IPSS and QoL improvement was statistically significant. Following TURP, there was also a substantial decrease in PVR while we observed an improvement in Qmax value. Even after TURP, there was no substantial change in total cystometric capacity, BCI, or pdetQmax index. Conclusion: DU may not be an absolute contraindication to TURP. Despite the presence of DU, the prognosis of TURP may be optimistic if the patients have evident bladder outlet obstruction. However, medically removing the blockage does not increase contractility, which is essential when evaluating and advising on TURP surgery.
{"title":"BEHAVIOR OF BLADDER AFTER TURP IN UNDERACTIVE DETRUSOR PATIENTS","authors":"Pranab Patnaik, Vikalap Gupta, S. Das","doi":"10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.51316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.51316","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The gold standard therapy for benign prostatic obstruction is transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Because it improves outlet resistance, it may also be useful for individuals who have detrusor underactivity (DU) with lower urinary tract dysfunction that is refractory to medicinal therapy or in situations with a substantial residual urine volume. The objective of the current study was to assess the urodynamic behavior of the bladder following TURP in DU patients.\u0000Methods: This research examined and analyzed 41 individuals with DU (mean age 68.7 years). All these patients had a TURP for a suspected outlet blockage. All these patients had extensive pre-operative evaluations and urodynamics assessments before and after TURP. We compared maximum flow rate (Qmax), international prostate symptom score (IPSS), post-void residuals (PVR), quality of life (QoL) along with other urodynamic parameters assessing detrusor function like bladder contractility index (BCI), and detrusor pressure at Qmax (pdetQmax) pre- and post-TURP.\u0000Results: The average duration of follow-up of patients was 9.2 months. Following TURP, the mean IPSS and QoL improvement was statistically significant. Following TURP, there was also a substantial decrease in PVR while we observed an improvement in Qmax value. Even after TURP, there was no substantial change in total cystometric capacity, BCI, or pdetQmax index.\u0000Conclusion: DU may not be an absolute contraindication to TURP. Despite the presence of DU, the prognosis of TURP may be optimistic if the patients have evident bladder outlet obstruction. However, medically removing the blockage does not increase contractility, which is essential when evaluating and advising on TURP surgery.","PeriodicalId":8528,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-07DOI: 10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.50784
BHAVYA SRI K, SRIJA G
Objective:A reproducible, precise, accurate method was developed for the analysis of Sugammadex in pharmaceutical dosage form and bulk, using RP-HPLC. This method is established in compliance with ICH guidelines Q2R1. Method:The method development and method validation of Sugammadex was performed usingthe instrument, SHIMADZULC- 20 AD pumps with SPD- 20A UV detector. A Phenomenex C18 250mm × 4.6mm × 5µm column was employed with detection wavelength of 210 nm. Results: The method validation was performed in accordance with ICH Q2 R(1) guidelines where the calibration curve was found to be linearwith r2as 0.9993. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.03784µg/ml and 0.114667µg/ml respectively.The %RSD of theprecision wasobserved to be in limits (≤2%). Conclusion:All validation parameters, including linearity, range, detection limit, quantification limit, precision, and accuracy, were examined and found to be within the specified limits in accordance with ICH recommendations Q2 (R1). In view of this, adopting this approach for routine quality control tests of both pure and pharmaceutical formulation can be done with ease.
{"title":"REVERSE-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF SUGAMMADEX IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM","authors":"BHAVYA SRI K, SRIJA G","doi":"10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.50784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.50784","url":null,"abstract":"Objective:A reproducible, precise, accurate method was developed for the analysis of Sugammadex in pharmaceutical dosage form and bulk, using RP-HPLC. This method is established in compliance with ICH guidelines Q2R1.\u0000Method:The method development and method validation of Sugammadex was performed usingthe instrument, SHIMADZULC- 20 AD pumps with SPD- 20A UV detector. A Phenomenex C18 250mm × 4.6mm × 5µm column was employed with detection wavelength of 210 nm.\u0000Results: The method validation was performed in accordance with ICH Q2 R(1) guidelines where the calibration curve was found to be linearwith r2as 0.9993. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.03784µg/ml and 0.114667µg/ml respectively.The %RSD of theprecision wasobserved to be in limits (≤2%).\u0000Conclusion:All validation parameters, including linearity, range, detection limit, quantification limit, precision, and accuracy, were examined and found to be within the specified limits in accordance with ICH recommendations Q2 (R1). In view of this, adopting this approach for routine quality control tests of both pure and pharmaceutical formulation can be done with ease.","PeriodicalId":8528,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: This study aims to explore the chemopreventive potential of Streblus asper extracts against prostate cancer cells. Specifically, it seeks to assess the efficacy of these extracts in inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation within these cancer cells. Methods: The inhibitory effects of S. asper extracts were evaluated using the TBEA technique to determine the IC50 values. Morphological changes were indicative of apoptosis, such as cell shrinkage, rounding, vacuolization, formation of apoptotic bodies, membrane blebbing, and cell elongation were observed following treatment. An 8-day cell proliferation assay was conducted to examine the effects on prostate cancer cell line proliferation. In addition, the safety of S. asper root extracts was assessed in vitro using a Mouse fibroblast cell line to ensure no cytotoxic effects were present on normal cells. Results: Streblus asper extracts demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells, with no observed cytotoxicity on normal Mouse fibroblast cell lines. The results from the TBEA technique confirmed the extract’s potency, with noticeable morphological changes supporting the induction of apoptosis in the treated cancer cells. Conclusion: The findings from this study offer promising insights into the potential of S. asper extracts as chemopreventive agents against prostate cancer. By exhibiting significant inhibitory effects on cancer cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis without harming normal cells, S. asper presents a viable, natural alternative in the fight against prostate cancer. Further research and clinical trials are warranted to fully elucidate its therapeutic potential and application in cancer prevention strategies.
研究目的本研究旨在探索天麻提取物对前列腺癌细胞的化学预防潜力。具体而言，研究旨在评估这些提取物在诱导癌细胞凋亡和抑制癌细胞增殖方面的功效：方法：采用 TBEA 技术评估 S. asper 提取物的抑制作用，以确定 IC50 值。处理后观察到了细胞凋亡的形态学变化，如细胞萎缩、变圆、空泡化、凋亡体形成、膜脱落和细胞伸长。还进行了为期 8 天的细胞增殖试验，以研究其对前列腺癌细胞株增殖的影响。此外，还使用小鼠成纤维细胞系对 S. asper 根提取物的安全性进行了体外评估，以确保不会对正常细胞产生细胞毒性作用：结果：白茅根提取物对前列腺癌细胞的增殖有明显的抑制作用，对正常的小鼠成纤维细胞系没有观察到细胞毒性。TBEA技术的结果证实了这种提取物的功效，明显的形态学变化支持了诱导所处理癌细胞凋亡的作用：结论：本研究的结果为了解 S. asper 提取物作为前列腺癌化学预防剂的潜力提供了很好的视角。通过对癌细胞增殖的明显抑制作用以及在不伤害正常细胞的情况下诱导细胞凋亡，S. asper 为抗击前列腺癌提供了一种可行的天然选择。要充分阐明其治疗潜力和在癌症预防策略中的应用，还需要进一步的研究和临床试验。
{"title":"STUDY OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE OF STREBLUS ASPER AS A CHEMOPREVENTIVE AGENT ON HUMAN PROSTATE CANCER (DU-145) CELL LINE","authors":"Sarder Mohammad Shahriar, Jahan Shayla, Kabir, Sabia Salam, Jahidul Islam, Sarder Mohammad, Shahriar Jahan","doi":"10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.50977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.50977","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aims to explore the chemopreventive potential of Streblus asper extracts against prostate cancer cells. Specifically, it seeks to assess the efficacy of these extracts in inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation within these cancer cells.\u0000Methods: The inhibitory effects of S. asper extracts were evaluated using the TBEA technique to determine the IC50 values. Morphological changes were indicative of apoptosis, such as cell shrinkage, rounding, vacuolization, formation of apoptotic bodies, membrane blebbing, and cell elongation were observed following treatment. An 8-day cell proliferation assay was conducted to examine the effects on prostate cancer cell line proliferation. In addition, the safety of S. asper root extracts was assessed in vitro using a Mouse fibroblast cell line to ensure no cytotoxic effects were present on normal cells.\u0000Results: Streblus asper extracts demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells, with no observed cytotoxicity on normal Mouse fibroblast cell lines. The results from the TBEA technique confirmed the extract’s potency, with noticeable morphological changes supporting the induction of apoptosis in the treated cancer cells.\u0000Conclusion: The findings from this study offer promising insights into the potential of S. asper extracts as chemopreventive agents against prostate cancer. By exhibiting significant inhibitory effects on cancer cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis without harming normal cells, S. asper presents a viable, natural alternative in the fight against prostate cancer. Further research and clinical trials are warranted to fully elucidate its therapeutic potential and application in cancer prevention strategies.","PeriodicalId":8528,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-07DOI: 10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.51040
ANANTH A, Ravi Prakash
Objective: Clavicle fractures are common injuries accounting for 2.6 to 4.0% of all fractures. It has been previously published that mid-third fractures constitute approximately 80% of all clavicle fractures. The two predominantly used procedures that are the current trend in the operative management of midshaft clavicle fractures are open reduction & plating; and intramedullary nailing through minimal access. This study evaluated the efficacy of the Titanium Elastic Nail system (TENS), a minimally invasive technique, in treating midshaft clavicle fractures. Methods: From December 2022 to January 2024 with twenty-four patients who had plain radiographs showing a midshaft clavicle fracture, this study was conducted in our hospital which is a tertiary care facility. Patients were reviewed at 2 and 6 weeks,3 and 6 months after surgery. Nails were removed after 6 months of surgery. Results: The average operative time duration was 37.1 minutes (Range: 25 - 60 minutes). 18 of the 24 patients had closed reduction while 6 patients (25%) patients required open reduction of their fracture. All the patients achieved clinical union at an average of 5.3 weeks (Range: 4-6 weeks) and radiological union at an average of 10.47 weeks (Range: 6 - 12 weeks). The patients were followed up postoperatively and CONSTANT and MURLEY scores were calculated at 6 weeks with an Excellent CONSTANT score in 20 patients (83.3%). Conclusion: Besides being early mobilization, minimally invasive, and requiring less time during surgery, TENS fixation offers superior cosmetic results. For this reason, the preferred course of treatment for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures is titanium elastic nails.
{"title":"A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF DISPLACED MID-SHAFT CLAVICLE FRACTURES TREATED WITH INTRAMEDULLARY TITANIUM ELASTIC NAIL SYSTEMS","authors":"ANANTH A, Ravi Prakash","doi":"10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.51040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.51040","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Clavicle fractures are common injuries accounting for 2.6 to 4.0% of all fractures. It has been previously published that mid-third fractures constitute approximately 80% of all clavicle fractures. The two predominantly used procedures that are the current trend in the operative management of midshaft clavicle fractures are open reduction & plating; and intramedullary nailing through minimal access. This study evaluated the efficacy of the Titanium Elastic Nail system (TENS), a minimally invasive technique, in treating midshaft clavicle fractures.\u0000Methods: From December 2022 to January 2024 with twenty-four patients who had plain radiographs showing a midshaft clavicle fracture, this study was conducted in our hospital which is a tertiary care facility. Patients were reviewed at 2 and 6 weeks,3 and 6 months after surgery. Nails were removed after 6 months of surgery.\u0000Results: The average operative time duration was 37.1 minutes (Range: 25 - 60 minutes). 18 of the 24 patients had closed reduction while 6 patients (25%) patients required open reduction of their fracture. All the patients achieved clinical union at an average of 5.3 weeks (Range: 4-6 weeks) and radiological union at an average of 10.47 weeks (Range: 6 - 12 weeks). The patients were followed up postoperatively and CONSTANT and MURLEY scores were calculated at 6 weeks with an Excellent CONSTANT score in 20 patients (83.3%).\u0000Conclusion: Besides being early mobilization, minimally invasive, and requiring less time during surgery, TENS fixation offers superior cosmetic results. For this reason, the preferred course of treatment for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures is titanium elastic nails.","PeriodicalId":8528,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-07DOI: 10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.51109
Pranab Patnaik, Sameer Trivedi, Deepak Shaw
Objective: Androgens target the testicular arteries, which may be aberrant in men who are infertile. One of the fastest and most accurate ways to measure testicular blood flow is by color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS), which combines anatomical and velocity data. The goal of this research is to determine whether testicular artery end-diastolic velocity (EDV), peak systolic velocity (PSV), and resistive index (RI) can be used to differentiate between various types of dyspermia. Methods: This was a prospective observational study. In total, 90 patients were enrolled in the study which includes 27 patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), 19 patients with oligospermia (OL), 24 with obstructive azoospermia (OA), and 20 in the control group having normal sperm count and recent paternity. We compared variables such as EDV, PSV, RI, bilateral testicular volume, testosterone, and follicle-stimulating hormone among different dyspermic groups with the control group. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 31.5 years. PSV and RI in the NOA and OL groups were significantly lower compared to the control groups while the OA group was comparable with the control group. With respect to EDV, we observed a significantly lower value only in the NOA group compared to the control group. Significantly lower mean testicular volume and higher follicle-stimulating hormone levels were observed in the NOA group. Conclusion: Investigating male infertility can be challenging, but CDUS might be very helpful. When used routinely in clinical settings, the RI and PSV can be trustworthy markers for identifying infertility or dyspermic males, especially distinguishing between obstructive and unobstructive azoospermia.
目的：雄激素以睾丸动脉为目标，而不育男性的睾丸动脉可能出现异常。测量睾丸血流的最快、最准确的方法之一是彩色多普勒超声成像（CDUS），它结合了解剖学和速度数据。本研究的目的是确定睾丸动脉舒张末期速度（EDV）、收缩峰值速度（PSV）和阻力指数（RI）是否可用于区分各种类型的精子生成障碍：这是一项前瞻性观察研究。共有 90 名患者参与了这项研究，其中包括 27 名非梗阻性无精子症（NOA）患者、19 名少精子症（OL）患者、24 名梗阻性无精子症（OA）患者，以及 20 名精子数量正常且近期有父子关系的对照组患者。我们比较了不同精子生成障碍组和对照组的 EDV、PSV、RI、双侧睾丸体积、睾酮和卵泡刺激素等变量：研究对象的平均年龄为 31.5 岁。与对照组相比，NOA 组和 OL 组的 PSV 和 RI 明显较低，而 OA 组与对照组相当。在EDV方面，我们观察到只有NOA组的数值明显低于对照组。NOA组的平均睾丸体积明显较低，卵泡刺激素水平较高：结论：对男性不育症的调查可能具有挑战性，但 CDUS 可能会很有帮助。在临床上常规使用时，RI 和 PSV 可作为识别男性不育或精子生成障碍的可靠标记，尤其是区分梗阻性和非梗阻性无精子症。
{"title":"ROLE OF COLOR DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAPHIC PARAMETER AS A PREDICTOR OF SPERMATOGENESIS AND INFERTILITY","authors":"Pranab Patnaik, Sameer Trivedi, Deepak Shaw","doi":"10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.51109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.51109","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Androgens target the testicular arteries, which may be aberrant in men who are infertile. One of the fastest and most accurate ways to measure testicular blood flow is by color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS), which combines anatomical and velocity data. The goal of this research is to determine whether testicular artery end-diastolic velocity (EDV), peak systolic velocity (PSV), and resistive index (RI) can be used to differentiate between various types of dyspermia.\u0000Methods: This was a prospective observational study. In total, 90 patients were enrolled in the study which includes 27 patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), 19 patients with oligospermia (OL), 24 with obstructive azoospermia (OA), and 20 in the control group having normal sperm count and recent paternity. We compared variables such as EDV, PSV, RI, bilateral testicular volume, testosterone, and follicle-stimulating hormone among different dyspermic groups with the control group.\u0000Results: The mean age of the study participants was 31.5 years. PSV and RI in the NOA and OL groups were significantly lower compared to the control groups while the OA group was comparable with the control group. With respect to EDV, we observed a significantly lower value only in the NOA group compared to the control group. Significantly lower mean testicular volume and higher follicle-stimulating hormone levels were observed in the NOA group.\u0000Conclusion: Investigating male infertility can be challenging, but CDUS might be very helpful. When used routinely in clinical settings, the RI and PSV can be trustworthy markers for identifying infertility or dyspermic males, especially distinguishing between obstructive and unobstructive azoospermia.","PeriodicalId":8528,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-07DOI: 10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.51786
Amit Satish Gupta, Vidushi Meel, Amit Satish Gupta
Objective: Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in India. This study was conducted to understand the clinical and microbiological profile of pneumonia patients presenting to our hospital and also to understand the resistance pattern among them. Methods: It was a retrospective observational study. Duration of the study was 6 months (June 2023 to December 2023). All patients admitted with a diagnosis of pneumonia (CAP, HAP, VAP) were included in the study and data was collected from previous medical records. Only those patients with pneumonia whose sputum or BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) culture was positive for an organism were included in the study. Results: A total of 50 patients with pneumonia were included the study. Majority of the patients were males (72 %) with average age of 62. Community acquired pneumonia was diagnosed in 21 patients, hospital acquired pneumonia in 15 patients and ventilator associated pneumonia in 14 patients. Most common organism isolated was Klebsiella pneumoniae (36 %), followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (24 %), pseudomonas aeruginosa (16 %), E.coli (10 %) and others (14 %). Organisms isolated from hospital and ventilator associated pneumonia showed higher prevalence of carbapenem resistance than those isolated from community acquired pneumonia patients. Conclusion: Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common organism isolated in CAP, HAP and VAP patients in our study. The resistance pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae showed higher prevalence of carbapenem resistance in hospital and ventilator associated pneumonia patients as compared to CAP patients. Keywords: Pneumonia, Hospital acquired pneumonia, Ventilator Associated pneumonia, Klebsiella pneumoniae
{"title":"CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS ADMITTED WITH PNEUMONIA PRESENTING TO A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN SOUTHERN RAJASTHAN","authors":"Amit Satish Gupta, Vidushi Meel, Amit Satish Gupta","doi":"10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.51786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.51786","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in India. This study was conducted to understand the clinical and microbiological profile of pneumonia patients presenting to our hospital and also to understand the resistance pattern among them. \u0000Methods: It was a retrospective observational study. Duration of the study was 6 months (June 2023 to December 2023). All patients admitted with a diagnosis of pneumonia (CAP, HAP, VAP) were included in the study and data was collected from previous medical records. Only those patients with pneumonia whose sputum or BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) culture was positive for an organism were included in the study. \u0000Results: A total of 50 patients with pneumonia were included the study. Majority of the patients were males (72 %) with average age of 62. Community acquired pneumonia was diagnosed in 21 patients, hospital acquired pneumonia in 15 patients and ventilator associated pneumonia in 14 patients. Most common organism isolated was Klebsiella pneumoniae (36 %), followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (24 %), pseudomonas aeruginosa (16 %), E.coli (10 %) and others (14 %). Organisms isolated from hospital and ventilator associated pneumonia showed higher prevalence of carbapenem resistance than those isolated from community acquired pneumonia patients. \u0000Conclusion: Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common organism isolated in CAP, HAP and VAP patients in our study. The resistance pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae showed higher prevalence of carbapenem resistance in hospital and ventilator associated pneumonia patients as compared to CAP patients. \u0000Keywords: Pneumonia, Hospital acquired pneumonia, Ventilator Associated pneumonia, Klebsiella pneumoniae","PeriodicalId":8528,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-07DOI: 10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.51086
Hetal Kanabar, Dinesh DIPTI DESAI, C. Babariya, Laxmi Yadav, Kanvee M. Vania
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of spinal anesthesia (SA) with bupivacaine and ropivacaine on recovery of bladder function and time of ambulation in healthy men who were scheduled for hernia surgery. Methods: In this double-blind study, 60 patients of the American Society of Anesthesiologists I/II/III were assigned to Group B (bupivacaine)/Group R (ropivacaine). Before SA, ultrasonography-guided bladder volume was measured. After the operation, bladder volume was measured continuously every 2 hourly until the patient could void urine spontaneously or need of catheterization. Motor blockade and time of ambulation were recorded. Results: Bromage scale at 4 h was significantly higher (p=0.0001) in ropivacaine showing intrathecal ropivacaine 3.5 mL produce shorter motor blockade then 3.5 mL bupivacaine. Both Group R and Group B were comparable in terms of ability to void urine (p>0.05), time to complete ambulation without support (p>0.05), and time to negative Romberg test (p>0.05). Negative correlation was found between the first spontaneous void urine and the modified Bromage scale. Conclusions: After SA with bupivacaine, only two patients developed post-operative urinary retention and none in the ropivacaine. However, Group R required lesser time to void and early recovery of motor function. The time to first void urine was more than the time for complete ambulation (1–3.5 h after ambulation).
{"title":"POST-OPERATIVE URINARY RETENTION AFTER SPINAL ANESTHESIA IN HERNIA SURGERY: A PROSPECTIVE, COMPARATIVE DOUBLE-BLIND STUDY BETWEEN ROPIVACAINE HEAVY 0.75% AND BUPIVACAINE HEAVY 0.5%","authors":"Hetal Kanabar, Dinesh DIPTI DESAI, C. Babariya, Laxmi Yadav, Kanvee M. Vania","doi":"10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.51086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.51086","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of spinal anesthesia (SA) with bupivacaine and ropivacaine on recovery of bladder function and time of ambulation in healthy men who were scheduled for hernia surgery.\u0000Methods: In this double-blind study, 60 patients of the American Society of Anesthesiologists I/II/III were assigned to Group B (bupivacaine)/Group R (ropivacaine). Before SA, ultrasonography-guided bladder volume was measured. After the operation, bladder volume was measured continuously every 2 hourly until the patient could void urine spontaneously or need of catheterization. Motor blockade and time of ambulation were recorded.\u0000Results: Bromage scale at 4 h was significantly higher (p=0.0001) in ropivacaine showing intrathecal ropivacaine 3.5 mL produce shorter motor blockade then 3.5 mL bupivacaine. Both Group R and Group B were comparable in terms of ability to void urine (p>0.05), time to complete ambulation without support (p>0.05), and time to negative Romberg test (p>0.05). Negative correlation was found between the first spontaneous void urine and the modified Bromage scale.\u0000Conclusions: After SA with bupivacaine, only two patients developed post-operative urinary retention and none in the ropivacaine. However, Group R required lesser time to void and early recovery of motor function. The time to first void urine was more than the time for complete ambulation (1–3.5 h after ambulation).","PeriodicalId":8528,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-07DOI: 10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.50815
Nagaraj Bm, Shruthi Dp
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) therapy, a type of anticancer cellular immunotherapy, is emerging expeditiously. Primarily reported in 1987, the concept of a chimeric T-cell receptor (TCR), which combines antibody-derived variable regions with TCR-derived constant regions, was then, followed by double-chain chimeric TCR (cTCR) and single-chain variable fragment receptor chimeric cell (referred to as “T-bodies,” the prototypes of modern CAR). The CAR construct, which incorporates both a costimulatory endodomain and the CD3ζ signaling endodomain, is classified as a second-generation CAR, and this later achieved fantastic success in human clinical trials, marking a momentous milestone in the development journey of the CAR T-cell therapy. Tisagenlecleucel was the first CAR T-cell therapy to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating pediatric and young adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Six CAR T-cell therapies have been approved by FDA; many more are still there in the budding stages. The major challenges for CAR T-cell therapy are safety, ineffectiveness for solid tumors, cost, etc. To overcome these elements, further research is essential.
嵌合抗原受体 T（CAR T）疗法是一种抗癌细胞免疫疗法，正在迅速兴起。嵌合 T 细胞受体（TCR）将抗体衍生的可变区与 TCR 衍生的恒定区结合在一起，这一概念最早于 1987 年被报道，随后出现了双链嵌合 TCR（cTCR）和单链可变片段受体嵌合细胞（被称为 "T-bodies"，即现代 CAR 的雏形）。这种CAR构建体同时具有成本刺激内域和CD3ζ信号内域，被归类为第二代CAR，后来在人体临床试验中取得了巨大成功，成为CAR T细胞疗法发展历程中的一个重要里程碑。Tisagenlecleucel 是首个获得美国食品药品管理局（FDA）批准用于治疗儿童和年轻成人急性淋巴细胞白血病的 CAR T 细胞疗法。目前已有六种 CAR T 细胞疗法获得 FDA 批准，还有更多疗法处于萌芽阶段。CAR T 细胞疗法面临的主要挑战是安全性、对实体瘤无效、成本等。要克服这些因素，进一步的研究必不可少。
{"title":"CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR T CELLS: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE","authors":"Nagaraj Bm, Shruthi Dp","doi":"10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.50815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.50815","url":null,"abstract":"Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) therapy, a type of anticancer cellular immunotherapy, is emerging expeditiously. Primarily reported in 1987, the concept of a chimeric T-cell receptor (TCR), which combines antibody-derived variable regions with TCR-derived constant regions, was then, followed by double-chain chimeric TCR (cTCR) and single-chain variable fragment receptor chimeric cell (referred to as “T-bodies,” the prototypes of modern CAR). The CAR construct, which incorporates both a costimulatory endodomain and the CD3ζ signaling endodomain, is classified as a second-generation CAR, and this later achieved fantastic success in human clinical trials, marking a momentous milestone in the development journey of the CAR T-cell therapy. Tisagenlecleucel was the first CAR T-cell therapy to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating pediatric and young adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Six CAR T-cell therapies have been approved by FDA; many more are still there in the budding stages. The major challenges for CAR T-cell therapy are safety, ineffectiveness for solid tumors, cost, etc. To overcome these elements, further research is essential.","PeriodicalId":8528,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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