Post-Soviet geography最新文献_第3页

Prospects for Oil and Gas Development in Russia's Sakhalin Oblast 俄罗斯萨哈林州油气开发前景

Post-Soviet geography

Pub Date : 1995-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/10605851.1995.10640993

M. J. Sagers

This paper examines the oil and gas industry of Sakhalin Oblast and its offshore areas, as well as the status of major investment projects. Sakhalin is the site of two of Russia's largest oil development projects with Western companies, both envisaged as major multibillion-dollar ventures. Both projects are described in detail, and remain contingent upon enactment in Russia's parliament of key pieces of oil legislation, most importantly a law on production sharing. The paper argues that even if such changes in Russia's legal and fiscal environment are forthcoming, the profitability of these projects remains uncertain, with actual development far from assured. 1 map, 2 tables, 11 references.

本文考察了库页岛州及其近海地区的石油和天然气工业，以及主要投资项目的现状。库页岛是俄罗斯与西方公司合作的两个最大的石油开发项目的所在地，这两个项目都被设想为数十亿美元的大型合资企业。这两个项目都有详细的描述，并且仍然取决于俄罗斯议会制定的关键石油立法，最重要的是关于产量分成的法律。论文认为，即使俄罗斯的法律和财政环境即将发生这样的变化，这些项目的盈利能力仍然不确定，实际的发展还远未得到保证。1张地图，2张表格，11个参考资料。

引用次数: 17

Russian-Kazakh Relations in Kazakhstan 哈萨克斯坦的俄哈关系

Post-Soviet geography

Pub Date : 1995-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/10605851.1995.10640992

R. Kaiser, J. Chinn

The development of relations between Russians and Kazakhs in Kazakhstan during the late 1980s and early 1990s is examined. Particular attention is devoted to conflicting perceptions in the post-Soviet period (among broad segments of the Russian and Kazakh populations, respectively) of Kazakhstan as a multinational vis-a-vis nation state. The impacts on the Russian population of efforts by Kazakh nationalists to restructure the system of national stratification in favor of ethnic Kazakhs are investigated within the context of interactive nationalism—whereby a Kazakh nationalist political action program engenders counter-hegemonic nationalism among the republic's Russian population. 3 tables, 43 references.

研究了1980年代末和1990年代初哈萨克斯坦境内俄罗斯人和哈萨克人之间关系的发展。特别关注的是后苏联时期(分别在俄罗斯和哈萨克人口的广泛部分中)对哈萨克斯坦作为一个多民族国家与民族国家的相互冲突的看法。在互动民族主义的背景下，哈萨克民族主义者为有利于哈萨克族而重构民族分层制度的努力对俄罗斯人口的影响进行了调查，即哈萨克民族主义政治行动计划在共和国俄罗斯人口中产生了反霸权的民族主义。表3张，参考文献43篇。

引用次数: 18

Health Care in the Russian and Canadian North: A Comparative Perspective 俄罗斯和加拿大北部的卫生保健:比较视角

Post-Soviet geography

Pub Date : 1995-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/10605851.1995.10640991

H. Finkler

The author, a geographer specializing in the Russian North, surveys the problems confronting the “small peoples” of the North-both those arising as a result of the region's current economic transition and those persisting from the Soviet period. These include drastic reductions in state funding; falling standards of living; rising prices for basic necessities; increasing unemployment; need for additional legislative support for access to land, resources, and cultural autonomy; threats to traditional lifestyles and activities; and deterioration of the natural environment supporting those lifestyles and activities. 1 map, 1 table, 29 references.

作者是一位专门研究俄罗斯北方的地理学家，他调查了北方“小民族”所面临的问题，包括由于该地区目前的经济转型而产生的问题和苏联时期以来一直存在的问题。这些措施包括大幅削减国家资金;生活水平下降;生活必需品价格上涨;失业增加;需要为获得土地、资源和文化自治提供额外的立法支持;对传统生活方式和活动的威胁;以及支持这些生活方式和活动的自然环境的恶化。1张地图，1张表，29个参考文献。

引用次数: 6

The Status of Indigenous Peoples in the Russian North 俄罗斯北部土著人的地位

Post-Soviet geography

Pub Date : 1995-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/10605851.1995.10640989

F. Gail

The chair of a roundtable session entitled “The Russian North in Transition,” the papers of which constitute this special issue of Post-Soviet Geography, outlines general theoretical and methodological issues that must be addressed in the study of change in this region of Russia. Particular attention is focused on problems of defining the Russian North and elaborating a framework for conceptualizing processes of transition in the North. In the process, the paper introduces a basic theme interwoven throughout the issue: the competition between pressures for resource development (driven by national economic priorities) and the interests of local groups in maintaining environmentally sustainable, traditional lifestyles. 3 maps, 1 diagram, 2 tables, 8 references.

题为“转型中的俄罗斯北方”的圆桌会议的主席概述了在研究俄罗斯这一地区的变化时必须解决的一般理论和方法问题，这些问题的论文构成了本期《后苏联地理学》的特刊。特别注意的是确定俄罗斯北方的问题，以及为构想北方过渡进程拟订框架的问题。在此过程中，本文介绍了贯穿整个问题的一个基本主题:资源开发的压力(由国家经济优先事项驱动)与地方群体在维持环境可持续的传统生活方式方面的利益之间的竞争。地图3张，图表1张，表格2张，参考文献8篇。

引用次数: 15

Devolution, Constitutional Development, and the Russian North 权力下放、宪法发展和俄罗斯北部

Post-Soviet geography

Pub Date : 1995-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/10605851.1995.10640988

G. Poelzer

A Canadian political scientist examines a broad range of issues and problems associated with the de facto devolution of decision-making power and legal authority from the Russian Federation government to the oblasts, krays, and autonomous okrugs of the Russian North. Current changes (devolution, constitutional development, regional and local political development) are examined within the context of the legacy of the Soviet system (asymmetrical federalism, developed regional/local/titular bureaucracies, and centralized bodies directing and supporting Northern development). Specific examples from the Sakha Republic and Chukchi Okrug, based on interviews and field observations, are used to illustrate basic premises. 1 map, 27 references.

一位加拿大政治学家研究了一系列与决策权和法律权威从俄罗斯联邦政府实际下放到俄罗斯北部各州、地区和自治区相关的问题。当前的变化(权力下放，宪法发展，区域和地方政治发展)是在苏联制度遗产的背景下进行审查的(不对称的联邦制，发达的区域/地方/名义官僚机构，以及指导和支持北方发展的中央机构)。从萨哈共和国和楚科奇自治区的具体例子，根据访谈和实地观察，用来说明基本前提。1张地图，27个参考文献。

引用次数: 14

Indigenous Political and Property Rights and Economic/Environmental Reform in Northwest Siberia 西伯利亚西北部的土著政治和财产权利以及经济/环境改革

Post-Soviet geography

Pub Date : 1995-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/10605851.1995.10640990

G. Osherenko

A Canadian political scientist examines a broad range of issues and problems associated with the de facto devolution of decision-making power and legal authority from the Russian Federation government to the oblasts, krays, and autonomous okrugs of the Russian North. Current changes (devolution, constitutional development, regional and local political development) are examined within the context of the legacy of the Soviet system (asymmetrical federalism, developed regional/local/titular bureaucracies, and centralized bodies directing and supporting Northern development). Specific examples from the Sakha Republic and Chukchi Okrug, based on interviews and field observations, are used to illustrate basic premises. 1 map, 27 references.

一位加拿大政治学家研究了一系列与决策权和法律权威从俄罗斯联邦政府实际下放到俄罗斯北部各州、地区和自治区相关的问题。当前的变化(权力下放，宪法发展，区域和地方政治发展)是在苏联制度遗产的背景下进行审查的(不对称的联邦制，发达的区域/地方/名义官僚机构，以及指导和支持北方发展的中央机构)。从萨哈共和国和楚科奇自治区的具体例子，根据访谈和实地观察，用来说明基本前提。1张地图，27个参考文献。

引用次数: 24

The Russian North in Transition: General Introduction 转型中的俄罗斯北方:总论

Post-Soviet geography

Pub Date : 1995-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/10605851.1995.10640987

M. Bradshaw

The chair of a roundtable session entitled “The Russian North in Transition,” the papers of which constitute this special issue of Post-Soviet Geography, outlines general theoretical and methodological issues that must be addressed in the study of change in this region of Russia. Particular attention is focused on problems of defining the Russian North and elaborating a framework for conceptualizing processes of transition in the North. In the process, the paper introduces a basic theme interwoven throughout the issue: the competition between pressures for resource development (driven by national economic priorities) and the interests of local groups in maintaining environmentally sustainable, traditional lifestyles. 3 maps, 1 diagram, 2 tables, 8 references.

题为“转型中的俄罗斯北方”的圆桌会议的主席概述了在研究俄罗斯这一地区的变化时必须解决的一般理论和方法问题，这些问题的论文构成了本期《后苏联地理学》的特刊。特别注意的是确定俄罗斯北方的问题，以及为构想北方过渡进程拟订框架的问题。在此过程中，本文介绍了贯穿整个问题的一个基本主题:资源开发的压力(由国家经济优先事项驱动)与地方群体在维持环境可持续的传统生活方式方面的利益之间的竞争。地图3张，图表1张，表格2张，参考文献8篇。

引用次数: 24

Rapidly growing towns in the former USSR and Russia, 1970-1993. 前苏联和俄罗斯快速发展的城镇，1970-1993年。

Post-Soviet geography

Pub Date : 1995-03-01

R H Rowland

"Using urban places of 15,000 or more inhabitants as its point of reference, this paper identifies and investigates the most rapidly growing towns and cities of the USSR during the recent intercensal periods of 1970-79 and 1979-89. Rapidly growing towns are defined as towns that grew by at least 50 percent overall for the intercensal period and at a rate of equal to or exceeding 4.1 percent annually. In addition, a category of 'doubling towns' is investigated, defined as towns that increased in population by at least 100 percent (or 6.3 percent or more annually). Special attention is devoted to the geographical aspects, economic functions, and size characteristics of the towns involved. Comparisons with 1959-70, an overall examination from 1959-89, and an update for contemporary Russia during 1989-93 also are undertaken."

“本文以15,000或更多居民的城市为参照点，确定并调查了1970-79年和1979-89年最近两次人口普查之间时期苏联发展最快的城镇和城市。快速增长的城镇被定义为在两次人口普查期间总体增长率至少为50%，年增长率等于或超过4.1%的城镇。此外，研究还调查了“翻倍城镇”的类别，定义为人口增长至少100%(或每年增长6.3%或更多)的城镇。特别关注所涉及城镇的地理方面、经济功能和规模特征。与1959-70年的比较，1959-89年的全面检查，以及1989-93年当代俄罗斯的更新也进行了。”

引用次数: 0

The Changing Geography of Russian/Soviet Naval Construction, 1890-1989 俄罗斯/苏联海军建设的地理变化，1890-1989

Post-Soviet geography

Pub Date : 1995-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/10605851.1995.10640984

W. Walters

An article tracing the evolving spatial pattern of military shipbuilding during the late Tsarist and Soviet periods focuses on developments occurring within five 20-year periods from 1890 to 1989. Changing patterns of output are assessed within the context of natural site conditions and relative location of the shipyard, geopolitical developments in nearby foreign states, technological advances, proximity to markets and sites where necessary inputs are produced, locational intertia, and conditions of wartime mobilization and recovery. The situation in the industry following the disintegration of the USSR is examined as well. 5 maps, 35 references.

一篇文章追踪了沙皇和苏联时期军事造船业空间格局的演变，重点关注了从1890年到1989年的五个20年间的发展。产出模式的变化是在船厂的自然场地条件和相对位置、附近外国的地缘政治发展、技术进步、接近市场和生产必要投入的地点、位置间隔以及战时动员和恢复条件的背景下进行评估的。本文还研究了苏联解体后工业的情况。5张地图，35个参考文献。

引用次数: 2

Commentary: Regional Development of Russian Private Farms: A Comment 评论:俄罗斯私人农场的区域发展:评论

Post-Soviet geography

Pub Date : 1995-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/10605851.1995.10640985

S. Wegren

引用次数: 2