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Interrepublic Trade in the Former Soviet Union: Structure and Implications 前苏联加盟共和国间贸易:结构与影响
Pub Date : 1994-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/10605851.1994.10640965
Robin Watson
A senior CIA economist presents and analyzes the structure and implications of hitherto unpublished 1990 data on interrepublic trade, recently available from sources identified with the former Goskomstat SSSR. The study, unique in its access to statistical data of Soviet origin affording detailed comparisons of trade with indigenous sectoral detail, reveals advantages and dependencies inherent in the trade structures of each of the former Soviet republics. Analysis of the context in which interrepublican trade flows (valued in rubles and dollars) occurred highlights the relationship between drastic declines in industrial output and trade among the newly independent states in the 1990s. 9 figures, 18 tables, 12 references.
一位中央情报局高级经济学家介绍并分析了迄今未发表的1990年共和国间贸易数据的结构和影响,这些数据最近从前苏联国家统计局确定的来源获得。这项研究的独特之处在于它获得了来自苏联的统计数据,对贸易与本国部门的细节进行了详细的比较,揭示了每一个前苏联加盟共和国的贸易结构所固有的优势和依赖性。对共和国间贸易流动(以卢布和美元计价)发生的背景进行分析,突显了20世纪90年代新独立国家之间工业产出急剧下降与贸易之间的关系。9个图,18个表,12个参考文献。
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引用次数: 10
Central Asia's Oil and Gas Pipeline Network: Current and Future Flows 中亚石油和天然气管道网络:当前和未来的流动
Pub Date : 1994-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/10605851.1994.10640967
J. Dorian, Ian Sheffield Rosi, S. Indriyanto
Substantial quantities of oil and gas lie beneath the surface of Central Asia and neighboring countries. Yet until viable export routes are established, much of the hydrocarbon base will remain undeveloped. Several new pipeline projects today are under consideration to facilitate trade, involving largely the transport of oil and gas from Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and/or Azerbaijan. This paper examines current and expected future flows of oil and gas in the region, and the politics and economics influencing their directions and volumes. 4 tables, 5 figures, 19 references.
中亚及其邻国地下蕴藏着大量的石油和天然气。然而,在可行的出口路线建立之前,大部分碳氢化合物基地仍未开发。目前正在考虑几个新的管道项目,以促进贸易,主要涉及从哈萨克斯坦、土库曼斯坦和/或阿塞拜疆运输石油和天然气。本文考察了该地区当前和预期的未来石油和天然气流量,以及影响其方向和数量的政治和经济因素。表格4张,图表5张,参考文献19篇。
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引用次数: 9
Regional Patterns of Agricultural Reform in Russia 俄罗斯农业改革的区域模式
Pub Date : 1994-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/10605851.1994.10640963
P. Craumer
This paper analyzes the results of the first period of agricultural reform in Russia (1991-1993) by examining the patterns of peasant farms and of the reorganization of state and collective farms across 74 oblast-level regions. It also relates socioeconomic variables, agricultural productivity, capital investment and other agricultural inputs, and environmental factors to indices of agricultural reform to determine the main causes of variation in agricultural reform among the oblasts. The results are extremely complex, with reform indicators relating to peasant farms showing very different patterns of change from indica-tors describing the reorganization of collective and state farms. 9 figures, 2 tables, 46 references.
本文通过考察74个州一级地区的农民农场模式以及国有和集体农场的重组,分析了俄罗斯第一阶段农业改革(1991-1993)的结果。本文还将社会经济变量、农业生产率、资本投资和其他农业投入以及环境因素与农业改革指标联系起来,确定了造成各州农业改革差异的主要原因。结果非常复杂,与农民农场有关的改革指标与描述集体农场和国有农场重组的指标显示出非常不同的变化模式。图9,表2,参考文献46。
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引用次数: 19
Declining towns in the former USSR. 前苏联衰落的城镇。
Pub Date : 1994-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/10605851.1994.10640964
R. Rowland
"The paper comprises an update of an earlier study...focused on towns with declining population during the 1959-1970 period. Based on recently published data on individual urban centers with 15,000 or more inhabitants reported in the 1979 and 1989 censuses, it identifies centers where population declined from 1970 to 1989. The study also assesses selected geographical aspects, economic functions, and size characteristics of such urban centers. Comparisons with data from the 1959-1970 period are made to arrive at a 30-year perspective."
“这篇论文是对一项早期研究的更新……重点关注1959-1970年期间人口下降的城镇。根据最近公布的1979年和1989年人口普查中人口超过1.5万的个别城市中心的数据,它确定了1970年至1989年人口下降的中心。该研究还评估了这些城市中心的选定地理方面、经济功能和规模特征。与1959年至1970年期间的数据进行比较,得出30年的观点。”
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引用次数: 9
Declining towns in the former USSR. 前苏联衰落的城镇。
Pub Date : 1994-06-01
R H Rowland

"The paper comprises an update of an earlier study...focused on towns with declining population during the 1959-1970 period. Based on recently published data on individual urban centers with 15,000 or more inhabitants reported in the 1979 and 1989 censuses, it identifies centers where population declined from 1970 to 1989. The study also assesses selected geographical aspects, economic functions, and size characteristics of such urban centers. Comparisons with data from the 1959-1970 period are made to arrive at a 30-year perspective."

“这篇论文是对一项早期研究的更新……重点关注1959-1970年期间人口下降的城镇。根据最近公布的1979年和1989年人口普查中人口超过1.5万的个别城市中心的数据,它确定了1970年至1989年人口下降的中心。该研究还评估了这些城市中心的选定地理方面、经济功能和规模特征。与1959年至1970年期间的数据进行比较,得出30年的观点。”
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引用次数: 0
Housing Developments in Moscow in the 1990s 20世纪90年代莫斯科的住房发展
Pub Date : 1994-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/10605851.1994.10640962
J. Bater
Ownership of an apartment is fast becoming something that most Muscovites will have in common. The privatization of the housing stock has resulted in a highly speculative housing market, and the buying and selling of apartments is slowly altering the social geography of Moscow. The construction of Western-style housing catering to the newly wealthy, while still very limited, is nonetheless symbolic of the changes under way. Control over property, that is, land and buildings, is a highly contentious political issue in Russia. Land represents wealth, and in Moscow there is strong political resistance to allowing private ownership of it. This paper examines some of dimensions of the privatization of housing in particular, and the private and public sector interests involved in property development in general. 7 figures, 2 tables, 16 references.
拥有一套公寓正迅速成为大多数莫斯科人的共同之处。住房存量的私有化导致了一个高度投机的住房市场,公寓的买卖正在慢慢改变莫斯科的社会地理。为新富阶层建造的西式住宅虽然仍然非常有限,但却象征着正在发生的变化。在俄罗斯,对财产(即土地和建筑物)的控制是一个极具争议的政治问题。土地代表财富,而在莫斯科,允许私人拥有土地存在强烈的政治阻力。本文特别研究了住房私有化的一些方面,以及一般涉及房地产开发的私营和公共部门利益。图7张,表2张,参考文献16篇。
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引用次数: 22
Outmigration, economic dislocation, and reassessment of the labor resource in the Russian far north. 外迁、经济错位和俄罗斯远北地区劳动力资源的重新评估。
Pub Date : 1994-05-01
A R Bond
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引用次数: 0
Moscow in the 1990s: Market Reform and the Central City 20世纪90年代的莫斯科:市场改革与中心城市
Pub Date : 1994-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/10605851.1994.10640960
J. Bater, V. Amelin, Andrei A. Degtyarev
The built environmental reflects in tangible ways the values of the societies of which it is a part. Soviet cities developed in accordance with the precepts of socialism for more than half a century, and nowhere were the consequences more palpable than in the central city. The present paper examines changes in urban development and management now under way in Moscow as a consequence of the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the advent of fundamental economic and political restructuring. More specifically it explores the impact of the new political economy on central Moscow's employment structure, housing stock, and land use, and assesses the attitudes of business representatives and residents to these changes. 5 figures, 2 tables, 25 references.
建筑环境以有形的方式反映了它所处社会的价值观。苏联城市按照社会主义原则发展了半个多世纪,其后果在中心城市最为明显。本文件审查了由于苏联解体和基本的经济和政治改革的到来,莫斯科目前正在发生的城市发展和管理方面的变化。更具体地说,它探讨了新的政治经济对莫斯科市中心就业结构、住房存量和土地使用的影响,并评估了商业代表和居民对这些变化的态度。5张图,2张表,25个参考文献。
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引用次数: 13
The Oil Industry in the Southern-Tier Former Soviet Republics 前苏联南部加盟共和国的石油工业
Pub Date : 1994-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/10605851.1994.10640961
M. J. Sagers
An American specialist on the energy industries of the former Soviet Union examines developments in petroleum extraction along its southern margin. Particular attention is devoted to the situation in those countries fronting on the Caspian Basin—Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan (Uzbekistan also is included). Coverage focuses on trends in production during the 1980s and 1990s, the emergence and decline of output at various fields, new plans for development involving Western capital, and strategies for transporting crude oil to Western markets, given the appearance of 15 separate republics in the once-monolithic economic space of the USSR. 3 tables, 31 references.
一位研究前苏联能源工业的美国专家考察了其南部边缘地区石油开采的发展。特别注意的是那些面向里海盆地的国家——阿塞拜疆、哈萨克斯坦和土库曼斯坦(也包括乌兹别克斯坦)的局势。报道的重点是20世纪80年代和90年代的生产趋势,各油田产量的出现和下降,涉及西方资本的新发展计划,以及在苏联曾经单一的经济空间中出现15个独立共和国的情况下向西方市场运输原油的战略。表3张,参考文献31篇。
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引用次数: 16
Will the Russians return from the near abroad? 俄国人会从近处归来吗?
Pub Date : 1994-04-01
J B Dunlop

The author "examines a range of issues surrounding the involuntary migration of Russian populations from the non-Russian republics of the former USSR. Among the questions addressed are possible magnitudes of in-migration into Russia (with special attention paid to conditions in one of the major source regions, Central Asia), attitudes in Russia regarding appropriate policy with respect to treatment of co-nationals in the near abroad and whether their return to Russia would have a positive or negative impact, and conditions in areas of Russia that presently are absorbing the greatest numbers of migrants. The assertion that Russian policy should seek aggressively to prevent the out-migration of Russian populations [from] the near abroad is assessed critically."

作者“研究了围绕俄罗斯人口从前苏联非俄罗斯共和国非自愿移徙的一系列问题。讨论的问题包括进入俄罗斯的移民可能的规模(特别注意到主要来源区之一中亚的情况)、俄罗斯国内对对待临近国外的共同国民的适当政策的态度以及他们返回俄罗斯是否会产生积极或消极的影响、以及目前吸收移民人数最多的俄罗斯地区的情况。俄罗斯的政策应该积极寻求阻止俄罗斯人口从邻国向外迁移的主张受到了严厉的评估。”
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Post-Soviet geography
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