Post-Soviet geography最新文献_第10页

The new Russian minorities: a statistical overview. 新的俄罗斯少数民族:统计概览。

Post-Soviet geography

Pub Date : 1993-01-01

C D Harris

The author "presents a succinct review of the newly constituted Russian minorities situated in the former Soviet republics. Based on census data series (1897 to 1989) and original computations, the paper covers location (highest proportion of Russians in Kazakhstan, Latvia, and Estonia), concentration (predominantly urban), occupational structure (largely in industry and science), and related data on issues such as language affinities and migration."

作者“扼要地回顾了位于前苏联各加盟共和国内新成立的俄罗斯少数民族。根据人口普查数据系列(1897年至1989年)和原始计算，本文涵盖了地理位置(哈萨克斯坦、拉脱维亚和爱沙尼亚的俄罗斯人比例最高)、人口集中(主要是城市)、职业结构(主要是工业和科学)以及语言亲和性和移民等问题的相关数据。”

引用次数: 0

Panel on Social Dimensions of Interdependence in the States of the Former USSR 前苏联国家相互依存的社会层面问题小组

Post-Soviet geography

Pub Date : 1993-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/10605851.1993.10640920

B. Mitchneck, R. Clem, T. Heleniak, R. Kaiser, M. Sacks, L. Schwartz

A panel of geographers and social scientists discusses a broad range of social issues related to the integration and disintegration of the former Soviet Union. Among the factors affecting and affected by the altered character of social interaction in the former USSR and addressed in the panel are patterns of geographic settlement, labor force patterns, ethnoterritoriality, and return migration of Russians to Russia. The presentations focus on Central Asian and Russian ethnic groups in order to illustrate the consequences of interregional migration on both indigenous and nonindigenous peoples. 8 tables, 2 maps, 1 graph, 17 references.

一个由地理学家和社会科学家组成的小组讨论了与前苏联一体化和解体有关的广泛的社会问题。小组讨论的影响和受前苏联社会互动特征改变影响的因素包括地理定居模式、劳动力模式、民族领土性和俄罗斯人返回俄罗斯的移民。介绍的重点是中亚和俄罗斯族裔群体，以说明区域间移徙对土著和非土著人民的影响。表格8张，地图2张，图表1张，参考文献17篇。

引用次数: 4

The new Russian minorities: a statistical overview. 新的俄罗斯少数民族:统计概览。

Post-Soviet geography

Pub Date : 1993-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/10605851.1993.10640919

C. D. Harris

The author "presents a succinct review of the newly constituted Russian minorities situated in the former Soviet republics. Based on census data series (1897 to 1989) and original computations, the paper covers location (highest proportion of Russians in Kazakhstan, Latvia, and Estonia), concentration (predominantly urban), occupational structure (largely in industry and science), and related data on issues such as language affinities and migration."

作者“扼要地回顾了位于前苏联各加盟共和国内新成立的俄罗斯少数民族。根据人口普查数据系列(1897年至1989年)和原始计算，本文涵盖了地理位置(哈萨克斯坦、拉脱维亚和爱沙尼亚的俄罗斯人比例最高)、人口集中(主要是城市)、职业结构(主要是工业和科学)以及语言亲和性和移民等问题的相关数据。”

引用次数: 43

RUSSIAN DIAMOND INDUSTRY IN STATE OF FLUX 俄罗斯钻石工业处于动荡状态

Post-Soviet geography

Pub Date : 1992-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/10605851.1992.10640917

A. R. Bond, R. Levine, G. T. Austin

This paper describes changes and proposed changes in the structure of the Russian diamond mining and processing industry upon the USSR's disintegration, focusing on the conflict between legislative and executive branches of the Russian government and between Russia and Yakut-Sakha for increased powers over the distribution of diamond output. It traces the evolution of administrative forms, from the past Soviet government monopoly over distribution of rough diamond output to a current arrangement in which Yakut-Sakha retains 20 percent of its output of rough gem-quality stones for independent distribution within a broader framework of Russian Federation control.

本文描述了苏联解体后俄罗斯钻石开采和加工工业结构的变化，并提出了变化的建议，重点是俄罗斯政府立法部门与行政部门之间的冲突，以及俄罗斯与雅库特-萨哈之间为增加对钻石产量分配的权力而发生的冲突。它追溯了管理形式的演变，从过去苏联政府对钻石原石产量分配的垄断，到目前雅库特-萨哈保留其20%的宝石级原石产量，在俄罗斯联邦控制的更广泛框架内独立分销。

引用次数: 12

AGRICULTURAL REFORM IN THE NONCHERNOZEM ZONE: THE CASE OF KOSTROMA OBLAST 非黑钙区的农业改革:以科斯特罗姆州为例

Post-Soviet geography

Pub Date : 1992-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/10605851.1992.10640918

S. Wegren

The author, based on research in the field, describes progress toward agricultural reform in Kostroma Oblast, in Russia's Non-chernozem Zone. Particularly, the relationship of rural demographic structure and land quality to progress toward the establishment of private farms is examined, based on the assumption that farmers' risk-taking behavior and calculations of economic rationality are affected by the character of the rural population and land resources available to it. The contrasts made between legislative intent and reality is instructive for understanding how various aspects of the reform process are proceeding elsewhere, and comparisons are made with oblasts in other parts of Russia.

作者在实地研究的基础上，描述了俄罗斯非黑诺姆地区科斯特罗马州农业改革的进展。特别是，在假设农民的冒险行为和经济理性的计算受到农村人口特征和可获得的土地资源的影响的基础上，研究了农村人口结构和土地质量与建立私人农场的关系。立法意图与现实之间的对比对理解其他地方改革进程的各个方面是如何进行的具有指导意义，并与俄罗斯其他地区的州进行了比较。

引用次数: 12

REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION'S EXPORT EARNINGS OUTSIDE THE FORMER SOVIET UNION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR REGIONAL ECONOMIC AUTONOMY 俄罗斯联邦前苏联以外地区出口收入的区域分布及其对区域经济自治的影响

Post-Soviet geography

Pub Date : 1992-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/10605851.1992.10640916

R. Langhammer, M. J. Sagers, Matthias Lücke

The distribution of foreign export earnings by area of origin is analyzed for the Russian Federation, to convertible and non-convertible currency areas, as well as for four major commodity categories. The paper focuses on identifying, because of Russia's narrow export composition, oblast-level units (and commodities) that contribute disproportionately to the Federation's overall convertible currency earnings. It then explores the implications of the extremely uneven spatial districution of such earnings for the Russian government's efforts to devise a workable formula for distributing export revenues between the “Center” and the localities.

本文分析了俄罗斯联邦按原产地区、可兑换货币和不可兑换货币地区以及四种主要商品类别的外国出口收入分配情况。由于俄罗斯的出口构成狭窄，本文的重点是确定对联邦整体可兑换货币收入贡献不成比例的州一级单位(和商品)。然后，它探讨了这种收入的空间分布极不平衡对俄罗斯政府努力设计一种在“中央”和地方之间分配出口收入的可行公式的影响。

引用次数: 9

Selected urban population characteristics of Moscow. 选定莫斯科城市人口特征。

Post-Soviet geography

Pub Date : 1992-11-01

R H Rowland

"This paper investigates total and regional population characteristics in Moscow [Russia] during 1979-1989, specifically nationality, age, sex and education and their interrelationships. Population dynamics of Russians, Ukrainians, Jews, and, to a lesser extent, other groups are examined based on a regionalization scheme dividing the city into Inner Zone and Outer Zone [regions]. The same spatial framework is employed in an analysis of changes in the age and sex structures of the city's overall population, as well as in levels of education. Linkages between these characteristics and rates of housing construction, recent demographic history, and city migration policy are explored."

“本文调查了莫斯科[俄罗斯]在1979-1989年期间的总人口和区域人口特征，特别是国籍、年龄、性别和教育及其相互关系。根据将城市划分为内区和外区[区域]的区域化方案，对俄罗斯人、乌克兰人、犹太人以及在较小程度上其他群体的人口动态进行了研究。同样的空间框架被用于分析城市总体人口的年龄和性别结构以及教育水平的变化。这些特征与住房建设速度、近期人口历史和城市移民政策之间的联系进行了探讨。”

引用次数: 0

THE 1992 GRAIN HARVEST IN RUSSIA AND THE REPUBLICS 1992年俄罗斯和共和国的粮食收成

Post-Soviet geography

Pub Date : 1992-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/10605851.1992.10640913

B. Severin

A prominent analyst of Soviet agricultural developments examines the 1992 grain harvest in the former Soviet republics. Coverage includes selective attention to the effects of such factors as weather (both losses from drought and from winterkill), farmers' economic calculations (purchase prices, alternative markets, etc.), the availability of inputs, and measures undertaken at the local level to support the harvest. The assessment provided here indicates that earlier projections of a dramatically smaller 1992 grain harvest have been overstated and outlines measures that can be implemented to reduce dependency on grain imports.

一位著名的苏联农业发展分析家研究了前苏联加盟共和国1992年的粮食收成。覆盖范围包括选择性地关注诸如天气(干旱和冬杀造成的损失)、农民的经济计算(购买价格、替代市场等)、投入物的可获得性以及在地方一级为支持收获而采取的措施等因素的影响。这里提供的评估表明，早先关于1992年粮食收成将大大减少的预测被夸大了，并概述了可以执行的措施，以减少对粮食进口的依赖。

引用次数: 2

Selected urban population characteristics of Moscow. 选定莫斯科城市人口特征。

Post-Soviet geography

Pub Date : 1992-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/10605851.1992.10640914

R. Rowland

"This paper investigates total and regional population characteristics in Moscow [Russia] during 1979-1989, specifically nationality, age, sex and education and their interrelationships. Population dynamics of Russians, Ukrainians, Jews, and, to a lesser extent, other groups are examined based on a regionalization scheme dividing the city into Inner Zone and Outer Zone [regions]. The same spatial framework is employed in an analysis of changes in the age and sex structures of the city's overall population, as well as in levels of education. Linkages between these characteristics and rates of housing construction, recent demographic history, and city migration policy are explored."

“本文调查了莫斯科[俄罗斯]在1979-1989年期间的总人口和区域人口特征，特别是国籍、年龄、性别和教育及其相互关系。根据将城市划分为内区和外区[区域]的区域化方案，对俄罗斯人、乌克兰人、犹太人以及在较小程度上其他群体的人口动态进行了研究。同样的空间框架被用于分析城市总体人口的年龄和性别结构以及教育水平的变化。这些特征与住房建设速度、近期人口历史和城市移民政策之间的联系进行了探讨。”

引用次数: 11

THE ALUMINUM INDUSTRY IN THE FORMER USSR IN 1992 1992年前苏联的铝工业

Post-Soviet geography

Pub Date : 1992-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/10605851.1992.10640915

M. J. Sagers

This paper reviews recent developments in the aluminum industry in the former USSR based on new sources of information not previously available. It examines a number of factors traditionally affecting the industry's performance (e.g., heavy reliance on raw material imports, yet abundant hydropower), as well as the current conditions permitting its continued functioning despite the disintegration of the former Union into independent republics. It also surveys the past role of the former USSR as a major world aluminum producer, before assessing the impact of exports from the former Union on world aluminum markets.

本文根据以前没有的新资料来源，回顾了前苏联铝工业的最新发展。报告审查了传统上影响该工业业绩的若干因素(例如，严重依赖原材料进口，但水力发电充足)，以及尽管前联盟解体为独立共和国，但目前允许该工业继续运作的条件。在评估前苏联出口对世界铝市场的影响之前，它还调查了前苏联过去作为世界主要铝生产国的作用。

引用次数: 9