Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_29_23
R. Yadav
Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 4 (CPEB 4) is a family member of CPEB proteins that are involved in regulating posttranscriptional expression of mRNAs. These proteins act by binding to cytoplasmic polyadenylation element of genes at their untranslated region with the conservation site of UUUUUAU. CPEB 4 proteins are responsible for modulating gene expression by the process of translational activation or repression by polyadenylation event. Overexpression of CPEB 4 gene has been reported in several classes of cancer such as gastric cancer, neuronal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. CPEB 4 sometimes acts like oncogene and can cause different types of cancer. CPEB 4 protein has been studied in detail in the current research. CPEB 4 protein structure was retrieved from the PDB database with PDB ID: 5DIF and total of 25 ligands were selected through a literature survey, chemical databases, etc., to perform molecular interaction study, docking method was used. Glide docking was done using Schrodinger software, and results were analyzed. Result shows that 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-chromen-4-one (PubChem ID: 5281670) ligand has stable interaction with a Glide score of −8.26 and shows bonds with CPEB 4 protein at positions Lys(A: 924), Gly(B: 791), Asn(A: 879), and Thr(A: 878). These findings can help in modeling suitable ligands against the CPEB 4 protein responsible for several types of cancers.
{"title":"Mining of small interacting ligands with cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 4","authors":"R. Yadav","doi":"10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_29_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_29_23","url":null,"abstract":"Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 4 (CPEB 4) is a family member of CPEB proteins that are involved in regulating posttranscriptional expression of mRNAs. These proteins act by binding to cytoplasmic polyadenylation element of genes at their untranslated region with the conservation site of UUUUUAU. CPEB 4 proteins are responsible for modulating gene expression by the process of translational activation or repression by polyadenylation event. Overexpression of CPEB 4 gene has been reported in several classes of cancer such as gastric cancer, neuronal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. CPEB 4 sometimes acts like oncogene and can cause different types of cancer. CPEB 4 protein has been studied in detail in the current research. CPEB 4 protein structure was retrieved from the PDB database with PDB ID: 5DIF and total of 25 ligands were selected through a literature survey, chemical databases, etc., to perform molecular interaction study, docking method was used. Glide docking was done using Schrodinger software, and results were analyzed. Result shows that 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-chromen-4-one (PubChem ID: 5281670) ligand has stable interaction with a Glide score of −8.26 and shows bonds with CPEB 4 protein at positions Lys(A: 924), Gly(B: 791), Asn(A: 879), and Thr(A: 878). These findings can help in modeling suitable ligands against the CPEB 4 protein responsible for several types of cancers.","PeriodicalId":8534,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79941536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_19_23
D. Jeyaraj, J. Abishek
Background: Studies prove that individuals' psychological and physiological health is affected during lockdown which is due to their loss of autonomy, fear of disease, and reduced physical activity. Objective: The objective of this study was to find the possible impact that an individual's lifestyle has on his physiological and psychological status during this lockdown. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was designed with questions interrogating their demographics and assessing their lifestyle, hobbies, their stress level, musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and how they spent their time during this lockdown. The self-administered questionnaire was circulated online to people of both genders on all platforms. Results: The results showed that those who smoke were more distressed and experienced more pain than those who do not (P < 0.05). People with elevated blood pressure, diabetes, and other musculoskeletal pain were more stressed and experienced more pain and fatigue than those who were healthy (P < 0.005). People who practiced exercising and yoga were less stressed and stayed active with less or no pain and discomfort than the sedentary people (P < 0.05). Those who spend their time gardening and housekeeping felt healthier and more emotionally stable than the others (P < 0.05). The emotional disturbance had a weak positive significant correlation with onscreen time, sleep duration, and activities of daily living (ADL) limitation. Pain severity and fatigue had a weak positive significant correlation with onscreen time, sleep duration, and ADL limitation. Conclusion: People with increased physical activity and habit of regular exercise, yoga, and meditation were psychologically and physiologically healthier and were less affected by lockdown than the people with a sedentary lifestyle.
{"title":"Impact of lifestyle on psychological and physiological status of individuals during lockdown","authors":"D. Jeyaraj, J. Abishek","doi":"10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_19_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_19_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Studies prove that individuals' psychological and physiological health is affected during lockdown which is due to their loss of autonomy, fear of disease, and reduced physical activity. Objective: The objective of this study was to find the possible impact that an individual's lifestyle has on his physiological and psychological status during this lockdown. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was designed with questions interrogating their demographics and assessing their lifestyle, hobbies, their stress level, musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and how they spent their time during this lockdown. The self-administered questionnaire was circulated online to people of both genders on all platforms. Results: The results showed that those who smoke were more distressed and experienced more pain than those who do not (P < 0.05). People with elevated blood pressure, diabetes, and other musculoskeletal pain were more stressed and experienced more pain and fatigue than those who were healthy (P < 0.005). People who practiced exercising and yoga were less stressed and stayed active with less or no pain and discomfort than the sedentary people (P < 0.05). Those who spend their time gardening and housekeeping felt healthier and more emotionally stable than the others (P < 0.05). The emotional disturbance had a weak positive significant correlation with onscreen time, sleep duration, and activities of daily living (ADL) limitation. Pain severity and fatigue had a weak positive significant correlation with onscreen time, sleep duration, and ADL limitation. Conclusion: People with increased physical activity and habit of regular exercise, yoga, and meditation were psychologically and physiologically healthier and were less affected by lockdown than the people with a sedentary lifestyle.","PeriodicalId":8534,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89099509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_37_23
Abhishek Samanta, N. Bhattacharyya
Context: Complete blood count (CBC) with confirmatory high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the gold standard for thalassemia screening. Because of the constraints of a high-pressure liquid chromatography facility, they develop alternative approaches to screening when the population to be screened is large. Aims: The objective of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of alternative approaches to thalassemia screening. This study is important, as accurate and accessible thalassemia screening can improve the quality of life for patients and reduce the burden on health-care systems. Settings and Design: The systematic review and meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Subjects and Methods: The present systematic review comprises 74,284 thalassemia-positive patients, identified using CBC and conventional HPLC methods was published between 2012 and 2022. After further screening, 23 studies were included in the present study. Statistical Analysis Used: The Moses-Littenberg Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic (SROC) model, the bivariate model, and the SROC reporting model are the examples of models that also consider sensitivity and specificity. Results: The total diagnostic odds ratio was 88.981 (95% confidence interval 37.645–210.321). Subgroup analysis was determined by a mixed-effects model, with I2 (residual heterogeneity/unaccounted variability) at 90% and Partial Area under ROC curve (restricted to observed False Positive Rates and normalized) was 0.951. Conclusions: This systematic review investigated the efficacy of using CBC parameters to distinguish between iron deficiency anemia and the thalassemia trait. This can help reduce health-care costs and improve the accuracy of the results.
{"title":"Assessing the comparative efficacy of multiple whole-blood count-based testing strategies for thalassaemia diagnosis: A meta-analysis","authors":"Abhishek Samanta, N. Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_37_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_37_23","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Complete blood count (CBC) with confirmatory high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the gold standard for thalassemia screening. Because of the constraints of a high-pressure liquid chromatography facility, they develop alternative approaches to screening when the population to be screened is large. Aims: The objective of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of alternative approaches to thalassemia screening. This study is important, as accurate and accessible thalassemia screening can improve the quality of life for patients and reduce the burden on health-care systems. Settings and Design: The systematic review and meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Subjects and Methods: The present systematic review comprises 74,284 thalassemia-positive patients, identified using CBC and conventional HPLC methods was published between 2012 and 2022. After further screening, 23 studies were included in the present study. Statistical Analysis Used: The Moses-Littenberg Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic (SROC) model, the bivariate model, and the SROC reporting model are the examples of models that also consider sensitivity and specificity. Results: The total diagnostic odds ratio was 88.981 (95% confidence interval 37.645–210.321). Subgroup analysis was determined by a mixed-effects model, with I2 (residual heterogeneity/unaccounted variability) at 90% and Partial Area under ROC curve (restricted to observed False Positive Rates and normalized) was 0.951. Conclusions: This systematic review investigated the efficacy of using CBC parameters to distinguish between iron deficiency anemia and the thalassemia trait. This can help reduce health-care costs and improve the accuracy of the results.","PeriodicalId":8534,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83568058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_116_22
Komal Dhudashia, Nilesh Patel
There are many pharmaceutical formulations available in semisolid form such as cream, ointment, paste, gel, and suppository. The qualitative and quantitative estimation of the semisolid formulation can be carried out using sophisticated instruments/techniques. Sample preparation is an important step to extract the main ingredient which needs to be analyzed in a medium suitable for a specific analytical technique/instrument. Sample preparation can directly affect the final result of analysis and thus sample preparation for the semisolid formulation is challenging. Extraction techniques used to carry out the extraction from semisolid formulation are Liquid–Liquid Extraction, Solid-Phase Extraction, Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Liquid-Phase Microextraction Techniques, Pressurized Fluid Extraction/Accelerated Solvent Extraction, Microwave Assisted Extraction, Pressurized Hot Water Extraction or superheated water extraction, Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Matrix solid-phase dispersion, QuEChERs, Solid-Phase Microextraction, Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction, Microextraction in Packed Syringe. A brief introduction along with the principle and application of all techniques is explained to demonstrate the application of specific extraction technique for specific semisolid sample preparation.
{"title":"Sample preparation and extraction techniques for evaluation of semisolid formulations","authors":"Komal Dhudashia, Nilesh Patel","doi":"10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_116_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_116_22","url":null,"abstract":"There are many pharmaceutical formulations available in semisolid form such as cream, ointment, paste, gel, and suppository. The qualitative and quantitative estimation of the semisolid formulation can be carried out using sophisticated instruments/techniques. Sample preparation is an important step to extract the main ingredient which needs to be analyzed in a medium suitable for a specific analytical technique/instrument. Sample preparation can directly affect the final result of analysis and thus sample preparation for the semisolid formulation is challenging. Extraction techniques used to carry out the extraction from semisolid formulation are Liquid–Liquid Extraction, Solid-Phase Extraction, Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Liquid-Phase Microextraction Techniques, Pressurized Fluid Extraction/Accelerated Solvent Extraction, Microwave Assisted Extraction, Pressurized Hot Water Extraction or superheated water extraction, Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Matrix solid-phase dispersion, QuEChERs, Solid-Phase Microextraction, Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction, Microextraction in Packed Syringe. A brief introduction along with the principle and application of all techniques is explained to demonstrate the application of specific extraction technique for specific semisolid sample preparation.","PeriodicalId":8534,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88216163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_21_23
P. Madhuchandra, P. Hemachandra
Background: Blood loss is among the commonly encountered problems in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgeries. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is commonly used intravenously to decrease the blood loss during TKA. However, it has got its own contraindications. In such patients, it can also be used locally to prevent blood loss. We assessed the effectiveness of local TXA by determining the amount of blood loss and transfusion required. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients with 72 TKA surgeries were included and analyzed in this observational prospective study. Three Gram of TXA was infiltrated locally into the tissues immediately after skin closure before the release of the tourniquet. The amount of blood loss was calculated by comparing the preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) levels. Results: The mean blood loss in patients whom local TXA was used was 433.3 ml. The mean postoperative Hb loss was 1.01. Only one patient with bilateral TKA required postoperative blood transfusion. There were no issues with wound healing in any of our patients. The P value in Hb loss was 0.002 and in total blood was 0.001 and were statistically significant. Conclusion: Local use of TXA is very effective in reducing the amount of postoperative blood loss and the need for the blood transfusion. We recommend for the local use of TXA in primary knee arthroplasty surgeries.
{"title":"Effectiveness of intraoperative use of tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty","authors":"P. Madhuchandra, P. Hemachandra","doi":"10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_21_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_21_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Blood loss is among the commonly encountered problems in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgeries. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is commonly used intravenously to decrease the blood loss during TKA. However, it has got its own contraindications. In such patients, it can also be used locally to prevent blood loss. We assessed the effectiveness of local TXA by determining the amount of blood loss and transfusion required. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients with 72 TKA surgeries were included and analyzed in this observational prospective study. Three Gram of TXA was infiltrated locally into the tissues immediately after skin closure before the release of the tourniquet. The amount of blood loss was calculated by comparing the preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) levels. Results: The mean blood loss in patients whom local TXA was used was 433.3 ml. The mean postoperative Hb loss was 1.01. Only one patient with bilateral TKA required postoperative blood transfusion. There were no issues with wound healing in any of our patients. The P value in Hb loss was 0.002 and in total blood was 0.001 and were statistically significant. Conclusion: Local use of TXA is very effective in reducing the amount of postoperative blood loss and the need for the blood transfusion. We recommend for the local use of TXA in primary knee arthroplasty surgeries.","PeriodicalId":8534,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73632730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_42_23
Umesh Dash, M. Mateen, P. Mondal, D. Dwivedi, S. Taneja, Arnab Haldar
Background: Apart from being distressful, postoperative pain produces a range of harmful effects, including morbidity and mortality. Epidural analgesia is a safe and effective method for the control of postoperative pain. Aim: This study compared the analgesic efficacy of single-shot epidural bupivacaine plus dexamethasone versus single-shot epidural bupivacaine and intravenous (IV) dexamethasone after major elective abdominal surgery. Methodology: A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted on 30 adult patients undergoing major elective abdominal surgery. Fifteen minutes before the reversal of neuromuscular blockade, study Group “A” received an epidural of 0.125% bupivacaine at the dose of 1.0 mL/segment and dexamethasone 8 mg and Group “B” included data of 30 adult patients which was drawn from the well-matched historic cohort, from past anesthesia records, where patients received an epidural of 0.125% bupivacaine at the dose of 1.0 mL/segment, but an injection of dexamethasone 8 mg was administered intravenously. Results: The primary outcome was a significantly longer duration of analgesia (905.97 ± 110.89 min) in Group “A” patients in comparison to Group “B” patients (731.0 ± 112.59 min) (P < 0.0001). The secondary outcome included the requirement of total rescue analgesic dose of injection tramadol, which was significantly lower in Group “A” compared to Group “B” patients (163.90 ± 15.93 mg vs. 182.27 ± 30.61 mg, respectively), (P < 0.005). Postoperative nausea and vomiting incidence was lower in patients of Group “B” due to the antiemetic effect of IV dexamethasone. Conclusion: Single-shot bupivacaine with dexamethasone gives longer postoperative analgesia and lesser rescue analgesic requirement compared to epidural bupivacaine with IV dexamethasone.
{"title":"Efficacy of single-shot epidural with bupivacaine and dexamethasone as an adjuvant for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing major abdominal surgeries","authors":"Umesh Dash, M. Mateen, P. Mondal, D. Dwivedi, S. Taneja, Arnab Haldar","doi":"10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_42_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_42_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Apart from being distressful, postoperative pain produces a range of harmful effects, including morbidity and mortality. Epidural analgesia is a safe and effective method for the control of postoperative pain. Aim: This study compared the analgesic efficacy of single-shot epidural bupivacaine plus dexamethasone versus single-shot epidural bupivacaine and intravenous (IV) dexamethasone after major elective abdominal surgery. Methodology: A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted on 30 adult patients undergoing major elective abdominal surgery. Fifteen minutes before the reversal of neuromuscular blockade, study Group “A” received an epidural of 0.125% bupivacaine at the dose of 1.0 mL/segment and dexamethasone 8 mg and Group “B” included data of 30 adult patients which was drawn from the well-matched historic cohort, from past anesthesia records, where patients received an epidural of 0.125% bupivacaine at the dose of 1.0 mL/segment, but an injection of dexamethasone 8 mg was administered intravenously. Results: The primary outcome was a significantly longer duration of analgesia (905.97 ± 110.89 min) in Group “A” patients in comparison to Group “B” patients (731.0 ± 112.59 min) (P < 0.0001). The secondary outcome included the requirement of total rescue analgesic dose of injection tramadol, which was significantly lower in Group “A” compared to Group “B” patients (163.90 ± 15.93 mg vs. 182.27 ± 30.61 mg, respectively), (P < 0.005). Postoperative nausea and vomiting incidence was lower in patients of Group “B” due to the antiemetic effect of IV dexamethasone. Conclusion: Single-shot bupivacaine with dexamethasone gives longer postoperative analgesia and lesser rescue analgesic requirement compared to epidural bupivacaine with IV dexamethasone.","PeriodicalId":8534,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75144985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_39_23
K. Raju, L. Nori, T. Varma, LakshmiSri Naga Valli Nulu
Counterfeiting is the deliberate and fraudulent production of products including mislabeling in attempts to deliberately morph its identity and source for making its appearance as genuine and as it is concerning the original product. Counterfeit medicines are pharmaceutical medicinal products without anyActive pharmaceutical ingredient (API), substandard quality API, or a fraction of the original amount of API stated as a different API, cross-contaminated API, and expiry products that are repacked including formulations done incorrectly and produced in substandard conditions. Expensive drug's extensive demand like steroids, antibiotics, cancer-treating drugs, vaccines, antivirals, and antihistamines are targets for counterfeiting. Patients deceived into buying counterfeit drugs are people seeking to buy discounted medications and involved in inappropriate usage. With identical labels as well as nearly resemblance to originals, these counterfeits are cheaper to make. Counterfeit medicines kill and threaten the lives of abused patients, fooled by false appearances. Medicines and health-care items are different from other commodities, and their fakes are different from other fakes. They are deceived by misleading characteristics and harm and risk the lives of several mistreated victims daily. This variety of terms and definitions, which might differ from one nation to the next, leads to a lack of awareness of the issue on a worldwide scale. The European Union's mainly prefers the term “counterfeiting,” lately the phrase “falsification” even if the US uses the phrase “false” or “fake” more. We must comprehend the phrase “medicine” and its meanings to define the many terminologies used to describe counterfeiting.
{"title":"A study of regulations combating counterfeit medicines across India, USA, and Europe","authors":"K. Raju, L. Nori, T. Varma, LakshmiSri Naga Valli Nulu","doi":"10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_39_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_39_23","url":null,"abstract":"Counterfeiting is the deliberate and fraudulent production of products including mislabeling in attempts to deliberately morph its identity and source for making its appearance as genuine and as it is concerning the original product. Counterfeit medicines are pharmaceutical medicinal products without anyActive pharmaceutical ingredient (API), substandard quality API, or a fraction of the original amount of API stated as a different API, cross-contaminated API, and expiry products that are repacked including formulations done incorrectly and produced in substandard conditions. Expensive drug's extensive demand like steroids, antibiotics, cancer-treating drugs, vaccines, antivirals, and antihistamines are targets for counterfeiting. Patients deceived into buying counterfeit drugs are people seeking to buy discounted medications and involved in inappropriate usage. With identical labels as well as nearly resemblance to originals, these counterfeits are cheaper to make. Counterfeit medicines kill and threaten the lives of abused patients, fooled by false appearances. Medicines and health-care items are different from other commodities, and their fakes are different from other fakes. They are deceived by misleading characteristics and harm and risk the lives of several mistreated victims daily. This variety of terms and definitions, which might differ from one nation to the next, leads to a lack of awareness of the issue on a worldwide scale. The European Union's mainly prefers the term “counterfeiting,” lately the phrase “falsification” even if the US uses the phrase “false” or “fake” more. We must comprehend the phrase “medicine” and its meanings to define the many terminologies used to describe counterfeiting.","PeriodicalId":8534,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89431227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_24_23
S. Martande, Aditya Banerjee, K. Mangal, P. Swathi, D. Gopalakrishnan, Anita Kulloli, S. Shetty, Shambhavi Thakur, Krishna Suryawanshi
Purpose: Antioxidants are nutraceuticals that reduce the concentration of reactive oxygen species and thereby reduce the inflammatory burden. The current randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of commercially available antioxidant formulations, oxitard and lycopene tablets as adjuncts to scaling and root planning in the management of chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Forty-five chronic periodontitis patients were randomly divided into three groups, namely Group A – only scaling and root planing (SRP), Group B – SRP with oxitard tablet, and Group C – SRP with lycopene tablet. Clinical parameters – plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and relative attachment level were evaluated at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Results: All groups significantly reduced clinical parameters from baseline to 6 months (P < 0.05). Intragroup analysis showed Group B and Group C to be significantly better than Group A (P < 0.05), whereas Group B showed similar results when compared to Group C (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Oxitard and Lycopene showed better improvements in clinical parameters when compared to SRP alone. Thus, both oxitard and lycopene can be potential adjuncts to SRP in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in the near future.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of clinical efficacy of systemically administered commercially available antioxidant formulations as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis","authors":"S. Martande, Aditya Banerjee, K. Mangal, P. Swathi, D. Gopalakrishnan, Anita Kulloli, S. Shetty, Shambhavi Thakur, Krishna Suryawanshi","doi":"10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_24_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_24_23","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Antioxidants are nutraceuticals that reduce the concentration of reactive oxygen species and thereby reduce the inflammatory burden. The current randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of commercially available antioxidant formulations, oxitard and lycopene tablets as adjuncts to scaling and root planning in the management of chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Forty-five chronic periodontitis patients were randomly divided into three groups, namely Group A – only scaling and root planing (SRP), Group B – SRP with oxitard tablet, and Group C – SRP with lycopene tablet. Clinical parameters – plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and relative attachment level were evaluated at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Results: All groups significantly reduced clinical parameters from baseline to 6 months (P < 0.05). Intragroup analysis showed Group B and Group C to be significantly better than Group A (P < 0.05), whereas Group B showed similar results when compared to Group C (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Oxitard and Lycopene showed better improvements in clinical parameters when compared to SRP alone. Thus, both oxitard and lycopene can be potential adjuncts to SRP in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in the near future.","PeriodicalId":8534,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83580784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_16_23
Pardeep Pathak, Sunita Sharma, Nitin Gupta, Diggaj Shrestha, R. Bala, Raval Chinubhai
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) adversely affects the number of organs and systems of the human body. The most frequently affected organ is the lung, followed by skeletal muscles, which can lead to fatigue, weakness, and poor physical performance. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the grip strength, core strength, 6-min walk test (6-MWT), and pulmonary function test (PFT) between healthy individuals and post-COVID-19 individuals. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted for the comparison among the post-COVID-19 participants and the healthy ones. Their demographic characteristics were noted. We analyzed heart rate, oxygen saturation, and cardiac rhythm before and 10 min after the 6-MWT and also PFT, core strength, and hand grip strength. The correlations among the tests if any were noted. Results: Forty-six post-COVID-19 individuals and 44 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 39.18 ± 13.12 years for healthy individuals and 37.28 ± 11.68 for post-COVID individuals with 62% of the female population. The mean distance for a 6-min walk distance was 506.68 ± 64.75 m for healthy individuals and 430.30 ± 52.96 for post-COVID-19 individuals (P < 0.000). The mean value for PFT was 85.59 ± 6.78 for healthy and 72.28 ± 6.20 for post-COVID individuals. We found a positive correlation between PFT with core endurance (P = 0.036) and hand strength (P = 0.037), core endurance with 6-MWT (P = 0.006) and hand strength (P = 0.00), and 6-MWT with hand strength (P ≤ 0.001) in post-COVID participants; whereas no correlation was found in healthy participants group. Conclusion: The PFT correlated significantly with core endurance and hand grip strength on post-COVID-19 individuals.
{"title":"To compare limb strength, core strength, and respiratory endurance between post-COVID-19 and healthy population: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Pardeep Pathak, Sunita Sharma, Nitin Gupta, Diggaj Shrestha, R. Bala, Raval Chinubhai","doi":"10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_16_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_16_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) adversely affects the number of organs and systems of the human body. The most frequently affected organ is the lung, followed by skeletal muscles, which can lead to fatigue, weakness, and poor physical performance. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the grip strength, core strength, 6-min walk test (6-MWT), and pulmonary function test (PFT) between healthy individuals and post-COVID-19 individuals. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted for the comparison among the post-COVID-19 participants and the healthy ones. Their demographic characteristics were noted. We analyzed heart rate, oxygen saturation, and cardiac rhythm before and 10 min after the 6-MWT and also PFT, core strength, and hand grip strength. The correlations among the tests if any were noted. Results: Forty-six post-COVID-19 individuals and 44 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 39.18 ± 13.12 years for healthy individuals and 37.28 ± 11.68 for post-COVID individuals with 62% of the female population. The mean distance for a 6-min walk distance was 506.68 ± 64.75 m for healthy individuals and 430.30 ± 52.96 for post-COVID-19 individuals (P < 0.000). The mean value for PFT was 85.59 ± 6.78 for healthy and 72.28 ± 6.20 for post-COVID individuals. We found a positive correlation between PFT with core endurance (P = 0.036) and hand strength (P = 0.037), core endurance with 6-MWT (P = 0.006) and hand strength (P = 0.00), and 6-MWT with hand strength (P ≤ 0.001) in post-COVID participants; whereas no correlation was found in healthy participants group. Conclusion: The PFT correlated significantly with core endurance and hand grip strength on post-COVID-19 individuals.","PeriodicalId":8534,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82689050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_113_22
VamsiKrishna Sirimandla, KeerthanaKumar Chithirai, VenkataLakshman Chakali, Sai P. Pydi, A. Shaik, KHarinadha Baba, Jyothi Conjeevaram
Background: Heart failure (HF) is a complicated clinical disease that develops when the Left ventricular becomes symptomatic due to anatomical or functional ventricular malfunction. The symptoms emerge from a cardiac output that is insufficient to meet the body's metabolic needs. Globally, HF has emerged as a major health issue, with an estimated prevalence of >37.7 million. While HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is more frequently seen in Indian patients, HF with preserved EF seems to be more prevalent in the western population. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) versus losartan in patients with HF with respect to improvements in EF and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class symptoms. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 62 HF patients who are either on angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker therapy for a period of 6 months, i.e., November 2021 to April 2022, who attended the Inpatient Cardiology Department of Narayana Medical College and Hospital. By using a semi-structured questionnaire, the data was gathered. The 2013 edition of Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 20.0 software were used for data analysis. Results: Subjects in the S/V group showed a 56% reduction in subjects with HFrEF from the beginning to end of the follow-up, while subjects in the losartan group showed only 16% reduction. With respect to NYHA functional class, subjects in the S/V group showed greater reduction in subjects in NYHA class III and NYHA class IV by the end of follow-up when compared to the losartan group. Conclusion: S/V showed better efficacy in improving EF and NYHA functional class when compared to losartan.
{"title":"Efficacy of sacubitril/valsartan versus losartan in heart failure patients with respect to improvements in ejection fraction and New York Heart Association functional class","authors":"VamsiKrishna Sirimandla, KeerthanaKumar Chithirai, VenkataLakshman Chakali, Sai P. Pydi, A. Shaik, KHarinadha Baba, Jyothi Conjeevaram","doi":"10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_113_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_113_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Heart failure (HF) is a complicated clinical disease that develops when the Left ventricular becomes symptomatic due to anatomical or functional ventricular malfunction. The symptoms emerge from a cardiac output that is insufficient to meet the body's metabolic needs. Globally, HF has emerged as a major health issue, with an estimated prevalence of >37.7 million. While HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is more frequently seen in Indian patients, HF with preserved EF seems to be more prevalent in the western population. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) versus losartan in patients with HF with respect to improvements in EF and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class symptoms. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 62 HF patients who are either on angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker therapy for a period of 6 months, i.e., November 2021 to April 2022, who attended the Inpatient Cardiology Department of Narayana Medical College and Hospital. By using a semi-structured questionnaire, the data was gathered. The 2013 edition of Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 20.0 software were used for data analysis. Results: Subjects in the S/V group showed a 56% reduction in subjects with HFrEF from the beginning to end of the follow-up, while subjects in the losartan group showed only 16% reduction. With respect to NYHA functional class, subjects in the S/V group showed greater reduction in subjects in NYHA class III and NYHA class IV by the end of follow-up when compared to the losartan group. Conclusion: S/V showed better efficacy in improving EF and NYHA functional class when compared to losartan.","PeriodicalId":8534,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77874973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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