Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_91_22
J. Abishek, D. Jeyaraj
Background: Neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders and a leading cause of disability. Chronic neck pain causes hyperalgesia in soft tissues around the neck, and in severe cases, it leads to restriction of daily life activities. The excessive stress caused by the chronic pain leads to cervico-ocular gain, leading to a mismatch of reflexes that determine the gaze and vision. Chronic neck pain also alters the cervicothoracic kinematic change and length-tension changes in neck muscles and leads to decreased thoracic cage mobility. This leads to respiratory insufficiency in patients with chronic neck pain, which is similar to the changes that occur in cases of a neuromuscular disorder. Objective: The objective of this study was to find the effect of neck rehabilitation exercises and breathing exercises on visual complaints in individuals with idiopathic chronic neck pain. Materials and Methods: Thirty individuals with idiopathic chronic neck pain of both sexes ranging from 20 to 35 years were included according to the selection criteria and divided into two groups. Group A (n = 15) received the intervention for neck pain, whereas Group B (n = 15) did not receive any interventions. Outcome Measures: Neck disability Index, Visual Complain Index and NPRS are used as outcome measures. Results: Statistical analysis was done using SBM SPSS software version 20, which showed that there was a significant improvement in NDI in the experimental group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study concludes that there is a significant effect of neck rehabilitation exercises and breathing exercises on visual complaints in individuals with idiopathic chronic neck pain.
{"title":"Effect of neck rehabilitation exercise and breathing exercise on visual complaints in individuals with idiopathic chronic neck pain","authors":"J. Abishek, D. Jeyaraj","doi":"10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_91_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_91_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders and a leading cause of disability. Chronic neck pain causes hyperalgesia in soft tissues around the neck, and in severe cases, it leads to restriction of daily life activities. The excessive stress caused by the chronic pain leads to cervico-ocular gain, leading to a mismatch of reflexes that determine the gaze and vision. Chronic neck pain also alters the cervicothoracic kinematic change and length-tension changes in neck muscles and leads to decreased thoracic cage mobility. This leads to respiratory insufficiency in patients with chronic neck pain, which is similar to the changes that occur in cases of a neuromuscular disorder. Objective: The objective of this study was to find the effect of neck rehabilitation exercises and breathing exercises on visual complaints in individuals with idiopathic chronic neck pain. Materials and Methods: Thirty individuals with idiopathic chronic neck pain of both sexes ranging from 20 to 35 years were included according to the selection criteria and divided into two groups. Group A (n = 15) received the intervention for neck pain, whereas Group B (n = 15) did not receive any interventions. Outcome Measures: Neck disability Index, Visual Complain Index and NPRS are used as outcome measures. Results: Statistical analysis was done using SBM SPSS software version 20, which showed that there was a significant improvement in NDI in the experimental group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study concludes that there is a significant effect of neck rehabilitation exercises and breathing exercises on visual complaints in individuals with idiopathic chronic neck pain.","PeriodicalId":8534,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care","volume":"10 1","pages":"29 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75793468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_4_23
Stefan Lukas, Diana Laila Ramatillah, Y. Aldi, F. Wahyuni, K. Khan
Background: Vaccine is an essential tool to limit the health of the COVID-19 pandemic. AstraZeneca vaccine already provided promising effectiveness data. Still, the study must check the correlation between vaccination and antibody titer. Aim: This study aims to evaluate antibody titer after AstraZeneca vaccination based on the age group. Materials and Methods: This study used a prospective cross-sectional method with convenience sampling. Inclusion criteria were all Indonesian citizens above 18 years old who were vaccinated at UTA'45 Jakarta Vaccine Center with no history of COVID-19 before the vaccination and had filled up the informed consent. Results: This study's total sample was 102 females; 51.90%, residents of Java Island; 91.17% had comorbidities; 50,98%, smokers; 9,80%, alcohol drinker; 9,80%, exercise; 80,39%, blood pressure; 128/73, SpO2: 97,82. Most participants aged around 30 years had a body mass index of 23.33. Age, comorbidity, smoking, alcohol, and exercise habit significantly correlate with the increase of the participants' antibodies (P < 0.001). The age shows that the younger the participant, the higher the titer antibody 2 will be (P = 0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.935, −0.694). The exercise shows that the participant with the routine practice will have a higher titer antibody 2 (P = 0.002, 95% CI, 12.016, 51.791). Antibody titer for participants younger than 35 years old increased 5.7 times while for participants between 35 and 45 years old was 3.9 times. Another group (>45–55 years old) has shown an improvement in antibody titer at 1.7 times, but the last group (>55 years old) described an increase in antibody titer at 232.3 times. Conclusions: Age, comorbidity, smoking, alcohol, and exercise contributed to the increase in titer antibody 2 value of the AstraZeneca vaccine participants. Participants in the age group <35 years have an excellent immune system.
{"title":"Evaluation of increased antibody titer COVID-19 after astrazeneca vaccination based on the age at UTA'45 Jakarta Vaccine Center","authors":"Stefan Lukas, Diana Laila Ramatillah, Y. Aldi, F. Wahyuni, K. Khan","doi":"10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_4_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_4_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vaccine is an essential tool to limit the health of the COVID-19 pandemic. AstraZeneca vaccine already provided promising effectiveness data. Still, the study must check the correlation between vaccination and antibody titer. Aim: This study aims to evaluate antibody titer after AstraZeneca vaccination based on the age group. Materials and Methods: This study used a prospective cross-sectional method with convenience sampling. Inclusion criteria were all Indonesian citizens above 18 years old who were vaccinated at UTA'45 Jakarta Vaccine Center with no history of COVID-19 before the vaccination and had filled up the informed consent. Results: This study's total sample was 102 females; 51.90%, residents of Java Island; 91.17% had comorbidities; 50,98%, smokers; 9,80%, alcohol drinker; 9,80%, exercise; 80,39%, blood pressure; 128/73, SpO2: 97,82. Most participants aged around 30 years had a body mass index of 23.33. Age, comorbidity, smoking, alcohol, and exercise habit significantly correlate with the increase of the participants' antibodies (P < 0.001). The age shows that the younger the participant, the higher the titer antibody 2 will be (P = 0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.935, −0.694). The exercise shows that the participant with the routine practice will have a higher titer antibody 2 (P = 0.002, 95% CI, 12.016, 51.791). Antibody titer for participants younger than 35 years old increased 5.7 times while for participants between 35 and 45 years old was 3.9 times. Another group (>45–55 years old) has shown an improvement in antibody titer at 1.7 times, but the last group (>55 years old) described an increase in antibody titer at 232.3 times. Conclusions: Age, comorbidity, smoking, alcohol, and exercise contributed to the increase in titer antibody 2 value of the AstraZeneca vaccine participants. Participants in the age group <35 years have an excellent immune system.","PeriodicalId":8534,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care","volume":"20 1","pages":"83 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84647477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_77_23
SadanandEknath Raval, SeemaR Saple, VikasV Vaidya
Background: Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees is an essential and versatile ingredient in traditional medicine and herbal formulations, owing to their in curing ability against numerous diseases and disorders. There are forms of utilization like hot water extract, Methanol and ethanol extracts, as well as in some eastern parts of India, the plant is used daily as a leafy vegetable for human consumption during the medical treatment2,3. Also, it is considered a nutritious fodder for cattle. With many essential vitamins and minerals, available literature also reports vital phytoconstituents like Betulin, Lupeol, Stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol as therapeutic activity enhancers for Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees. Standardizing these vital phytoconstituents in the raw material will control the quality of the herbal formulations, extracts, and nutritional value. Aim: To develop and validate a HPTLC method-densitometric analysis method for simultaneous quantitation of four phytoconstituents of Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees. Objective: The method should be simple, capable of separating Betulin, Lupeol, Stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol to simultaneously estimate the contents at 366nm and 540nm. Further, the method is validated following the guidelines laid by ICH, Q2 (R1). Materials and Methods: Precoated F254 silica gel TLC plates of Merck were utilized as stationary phase to carry out the separation in combination with n-Hexane: Ethyl acetate (8:2) as mobile phase. After development phytoconstituents were derivatized with Anisaldehyde Sulphuric Acid Reagent and TLC plates are dried at 100 °C for 3 min before visualization at 366nm and 540nm. Results: In summary, the method separates all the phytoconstituents adequately and is specific, the limit of detection–limit of quantification for betulin is 0.8 ng and 2.4 ng, lupeol is 0.3 ng and 1.02 ng, and total sterols is 0.2 ng and 0.7 ng the coefficient of variance for precision (Intraday and Interday) is Not more than (NMT) 5%, Linearity and Range is 0.5ng to 6ng, and Recovery ranges from 88.5% to 96.8%. Conclusion: It is evidential from the obtained results of the study that method is selective, sensitive, and reproducible for simultaneous analysis of Betulin, Lupeol, Stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol in Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees.
{"title":"A simple validated high-performance thin-layer chromatographic-densitometric analysis method for simultaneous quantitation of betulin, lupeol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol in Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees","authors":"SadanandEknath Raval, SeemaR Saple, VikasV Vaidya","doi":"10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_77_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_77_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees is an essential and versatile ingredient in traditional medicine and herbal formulations, owing to their in curing ability against numerous diseases and disorders. There are forms of utilization like hot water extract, Methanol and ethanol extracts, as well as in some eastern parts of India, the plant is used daily as a leafy vegetable for human consumption during the medical treatment2,3. Also, it is considered a nutritious fodder for cattle. With many essential vitamins and minerals, available literature also reports vital phytoconstituents like Betulin, Lupeol, Stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol as therapeutic activity enhancers for Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees. Standardizing these vital phytoconstituents in the raw material will control the quality of the herbal formulations, extracts, and nutritional value. Aim: To develop and validate a HPTLC method-densitometric analysis method for simultaneous quantitation of four phytoconstituents of Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees. Objective: The method should be simple, capable of separating Betulin, Lupeol, Stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol to simultaneously estimate the contents at 366nm and 540nm. Further, the method is validated following the guidelines laid by ICH, Q2 (R1). Materials and Methods: Precoated F254 silica gel TLC plates of Merck were utilized as stationary phase to carry out the separation in combination with n-Hexane: Ethyl acetate (8:2) as mobile phase. After development phytoconstituents were derivatized with Anisaldehyde Sulphuric Acid Reagent and TLC plates are dried at 100 °C for 3 min before visualization at 366nm and 540nm. Results: In summary, the method separates all the phytoconstituents adequately and is specific, the limit of detection–limit of quantification for betulin is 0.8 ng and 2.4 ng, lupeol is 0.3 ng and 1.02 ng, and total sterols is 0.2 ng and 0.7 ng the coefficient of variance for precision (Intraday and Interday) is Not more than (NMT) 5%, Linearity and Range is 0.5ng to 6ng, and Recovery ranges from 88.5% to 96.8%. Conclusion: It is evidential from the obtained results of the study that method is selective, sensitive, and reproducible for simultaneous analysis of Betulin, Lupeol, Stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol in Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees.","PeriodicalId":8534,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135106188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_88_22
Priyanka Krishnamoorthy, K. Kosalram
Background: Burnout is a stress-induced syndrome that predominantly affects adolescents. Some environmental and personal factors can contribute to the onset of burnout and its severe consequences, including attrition, sleep disorders, and depression. Objective: Our study examined the impact of the COVID lockdown on emotional intelligence, academic burnout, and academic performance. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from a sample of 471 school-going students. Participants are selected by simple random sampling by the randomization table technique. Participants completed questionnaires, including the evaluation of academic burnout (exhaustion, cynicism, and efficacy). Results: Among the study population, 59% were females, and 41% were males. The mean age was 15.5 ± 1.26 years. The mean score for Cynicism was 10.06 ± 3.8. The mean score for Academic Efficacy was 20.71 ± 4.63. The mean difference in Emotional Exhaustion Score between males and females was not statistically significant (P = 0.063). The mean difference in Cynicism Score between males and females was not statistically significant (P = 0.730). The mean difference between males and females was statistically significant in the Academic Efficacy and Total scores (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings suggest that emotional intelligence strongly correlates with burnout during the COVID-19 lockdown. Adaptive coping, mental health, and optimism help prevent academic burnout and consequently positively affect academic performance. Intervention and future research implications should be discussed.
{"title":"Rocking the boat but keeping it steady: Lockdown, online classes, emotional intelligence and burnout among students","authors":"Priyanka Krishnamoorthy, K. Kosalram","doi":"10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_88_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_88_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Burnout is a stress-induced syndrome that predominantly affects adolescents. Some environmental and personal factors can contribute to the onset of burnout and its severe consequences, including attrition, sleep disorders, and depression. Objective: Our study examined the impact of the COVID lockdown on emotional intelligence, academic burnout, and academic performance. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from a sample of 471 school-going students. Participants are selected by simple random sampling by the randomization table technique. Participants completed questionnaires, including the evaluation of academic burnout (exhaustion, cynicism, and efficacy). Results: Among the study population, 59% were females, and 41% were males. The mean age was 15.5 ± 1.26 years. The mean score for Cynicism was 10.06 ± 3.8. The mean score for Academic Efficacy was 20.71 ± 4.63. The mean difference in Emotional Exhaustion Score between males and females was not statistically significant (P = 0.063). The mean difference in Cynicism Score between males and females was not statistically significant (P = 0.730). The mean difference between males and females was statistically significant in the Academic Efficacy and Total scores (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings suggest that emotional intelligence strongly correlates with burnout during the COVID-19 lockdown. Adaptive coping, mental health, and optimism help prevent academic burnout and consequently positively affect academic performance. Intervention and future research implications should be discussed.","PeriodicalId":8534,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care","volume":"27 1","pages":"42 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74063368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_70_23
Prerona Saha, Barnali Das, Nandadulal Maity
Introduction: Quercetin is a polyphenol, widely found in most edible fruits and vegetables. This plant pigment provides cardiovascular, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, asthma, and many more health benefits. Objective: The aim of this study is to quantify the quercetin by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method from the methanolic leaf extracts of three edible plants of Bengal, viz., Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L., Oxalis corniculata L., and Polygonum plebeium R.Br. Materials and Methods: HPTLC was carried out on aluminum-backed plate precoated with silica gel 60 F254, using the solvent system of toluene, ethyl acetate, formic acid, and methanol (5.5:3:1:0.5 v/v/v/v). The method validation was done according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines in terms of linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, and specificity. Results: The desired compound was well separated using the solvent system toluene, ethyl acetate, formic acid, and methanol (5.5:3:1:0.5 v/v/v/v) which gave a sharp and well-defined band with Rf 0.60 for quercetin. The calibration curves showed a good linear correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9774). The linearity range was found to be 20–100 (μg/spot). Among the selected plants, the highest amount of quercetin was found in the leaf extracts of O. corniculata L. (220.035 ± 0.06 mg/100 g) and the lowest for N. arbor-tristis L. (31.253 ± 0.99 mg/100 g). Conclusion: The proposed HPTLC method for quercetin estimation was found to be simple, cost-effective, precise, and accurate and can be used for the quality control of plant material. O. corniculata L. was found to be a potent source of quercetin as it possesses a decent amount of quercetin.
{"title":"Quantitative estimation of quercetin of some selected edible plants of West Bengal by high-performance thin-layer chromatography densitometry method","authors":"Prerona Saha, Barnali Das, Nandadulal Maity","doi":"10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_70_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_70_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Quercetin is a polyphenol, widely found in most edible fruits and vegetables. This plant pigment provides cardiovascular, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, asthma, and many more health benefits. Objective: The aim of this study is to quantify the quercetin by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method from the methanolic leaf extracts of three edible plants of Bengal, viz., Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L., Oxalis corniculata L., and Polygonum plebeium R.Br. Materials and Methods: HPTLC was carried out on aluminum-backed plate precoated with silica gel 60 F254, using the solvent system of toluene, ethyl acetate, formic acid, and methanol (5.5:3:1:0.5 v/v/v/v). The method validation was done according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines in terms of linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, and specificity. Results: The desired compound was well separated using the solvent system toluene, ethyl acetate, formic acid, and methanol (5.5:3:1:0.5 v/v/v/v) which gave a sharp and well-defined band with Rf 0.60 for quercetin. The calibration curves showed a good linear correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9774). The linearity range was found to be 20–100 (μg/spot). Among the selected plants, the highest amount of quercetin was found in the leaf extracts of O. corniculata L. (220.035 ± 0.06 mg/100 g) and the lowest for N. arbor-tristis L. (31.253 ± 0.99 mg/100 g). Conclusion: The proposed HPTLC method for quercetin estimation was found to be simple, cost-effective, precise, and accurate and can be used for the quality control of plant material. O. corniculata L. was found to be a potent source of quercetin as it possesses a decent amount of quercetin.","PeriodicalId":8534,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135104674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_64_22
ChandiniMenon Premakumar, Paul Dwyer, Shakeel Herwitker, AMark Turner, Colin Morgan
Context: Aqueous neonatal parenteral nutrition (PN) formulations are made up of glucose, amino acids (AAs), and electrolytes. Different AA solutions are used to make these formulations. Most licensed products do not meet the nutritional needs of preterm neonates specifically for arginine. Therefore, AA solutions with additional arginine need to be developed and proven stable before being tested for clinical efficacy. PN formulations containing modified AA solutions with 15% arginine were tested in this study. Aims: This study aims to design a stability testing protocol and assign a shelf life to the modified PN formulations being tested. Methods: Physical tests including appearance, pH, optical rotation, ultraviolet absorbance, and subvisible particle count tests as well as chemical analysis using AA assay were performed in this study. Results: Resampling of PN bag samples posed a risk for oxidation and hence single sampling of fresh PN bags for each test point is the best practice for PN stability testing trials. AA assay is a feasible method to ensure AA stability in PN formulations. Conclusion: Modified PN formulations with 15% arginine were stable for 90 days without the addition of the trace element solution. Upon the addition of trace elements, the shelf life was limited to 7 days.
{"title":"Stability testing of modified amino acid solutions in neonatal parenteral nutrition formulations","authors":"ChandiniMenon Premakumar, Paul Dwyer, Shakeel Herwitker, AMark Turner, Colin Morgan","doi":"10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_64_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_64_22","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Aqueous neonatal parenteral nutrition (PN) formulations are made up of glucose, amino acids (AAs), and electrolytes. Different AA solutions are used to make these formulations. Most licensed products do not meet the nutritional needs of preterm neonates specifically for arginine. Therefore, AA solutions with additional arginine need to be developed and proven stable before being tested for clinical efficacy. PN formulations containing modified AA solutions with 15% arginine were tested in this study. Aims: This study aims to design a stability testing protocol and assign a shelf life to the modified PN formulations being tested. Methods: Physical tests including appearance, pH, optical rotation, ultraviolet absorbance, and subvisible particle count tests as well as chemical analysis using AA assay were performed in this study. Results: Resampling of PN bag samples posed a risk for oxidation and hence single sampling of fresh PN bags for each test point is the best practice for PN stability testing trials. AA assay is a feasible method to ensure AA stability in PN formulations. Conclusion: Modified PN formulations with 15% arginine were stable for 90 days without the addition of the trace element solution. Upon the addition of trace elements, the shelf life was limited to 7 days.","PeriodicalId":8534,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135106006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Postlaparoscopic shoulder pain is believed to be due to phrenic nerve involvement, with an incidence of 35%–80%. Classical landmark-based right superficial cervical plexus block (SCPB) has been utilized to alleviate postlaparoscopic shoulder pain. However, there is no possibility of phrenic nerve blockade with subcutaneously deposited injectate in landmark-based SCPB. Therefore, we hypothesized that the local anesthetic injectate in the sternocleidomastoid-scalene intermuscular fascial plane under ultrasound guidance is paramount in achieving phrenic nerve blockade. The main objective was to evaluate the effect of ultrasound-guided right SCPB in decreasing postlaparoscopic shoulder pain compared to conventional landmark-guided SCPB. Methods: In this prospective randomized trial, 79 adult patients reported for laparoscopic surgeries under spinal anesthesia were randomly divided into groups; A and B. Group A patients received intermediate approach to SCPB with 10 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine under ultrasound guidance. Group B patients received SCPB using a classical landmark-based approach. The incidence of intraoperative and postoperative shoulder pain and other adverse effects were noted. Results: Intraoperative shoulder pain was significantly less in Group A than in Group B (5% vs. 43.5%, P < 0.001). The postoperative shoulder pain was also significantly reduced in Group A than in Group B (5% vs. 28.2%, P = 0.013). There were no instances of major adverse effects. Conclusion: We conclude that the ultrasound-guided injectate in the sternocleidomastoid-scalene intermuscular space deeper to investing layer but superficial to the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia is central to providing superior shoulder pain relief in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery under spinal anesthesia than the classical landmark-based SCPB.
背景:腹腔镜后肩部疼痛被认为是由膈神经受累引起的，发生率为35%-80%。经典地标为基础的右颈浅丛阻滞(SCPB)已被用于缓解腹腔镜后肩关节疼痛。然而，在地标性SCPB中，皮下沉积注射剂不可能阻断膈神经。因此，我们假设超声引导下在胸锁乳突肌-斜角肌筋膜平面注射局部麻醉剂对实现膈神经阻断至关重要。主要目的是评估超声引导下的右侧SCPB与传统地标引导下的SCPB相比，在减少腹腔镜后肩关节疼痛方面的效果。方法:在这项前瞻性随机试验中，79例脊髓麻醉下行腹腔镜手术的成人患者随机分为两组;A、b组患者采用超声引导下0.5%布比卡因10 ml行SCPB中间入路。B组患者采用经典的地标性方法接受SCPB。观察术中、术后肩痛及其他不良反应的发生率。结果:A组术中肩关节疼痛明显少于B组(5% vs. 43.5%， P < 0.001)。A组术后肩关节疼痛明显减轻(5% vs. 28.2%， P = 0.013)。没有出现严重的副作用。结论:超声引导下的胸锁乳突肌-斜角肌间隙注射比传统的地标式SCPB更能有效缓解腰麻下腹腔镜手术患者的肩痛。
{"title":"A randomized comparison between classical landmark-based and ultrasound-guided right superficial cervical plexus block in attenuating postlaparoscopic shoulder pain under subarachnoid anesthesia","authors":"Parthasarathy Srinivasan, Balachandar Saravanan, Thiagarajan Chandramohan","doi":"10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_67_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_67_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Postlaparoscopic shoulder pain is believed to be due to phrenic nerve involvement, with an incidence of 35%–80%. Classical landmark-based right superficial cervical plexus block (SCPB) has been utilized to alleviate postlaparoscopic shoulder pain. However, there is no possibility of phrenic nerve blockade with subcutaneously deposited injectate in landmark-based SCPB. Therefore, we hypothesized that the local anesthetic injectate in the sternocleidomastoid-scalene intermuscular fascial plane under ultrasound guidance is paramount in achieving phrenic nerve blockade. The main objective was to evaluate the effect of ultrasound-guided right SCPB in decreasing postlaparoscopic shoulder pain compared to conventional landmark-guided SCPB. Methods: In this prospective randomized trial, 79 adult patients reported for laparoscopic surgeries under spinal anesthesia were randomly divided into groups; A and B. Group A patients received intermediate approach to SCPB with 10 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine under ultrasound guidance. Group B patients received SCPB using a classical landmark-based approach. The incidence of intraoperative and postoperative shoulder pain and other adverse effects were noted. Results: Intraoperative shoulder pain was significantly less in Group A than in Group B (5% vs. 43.5%, P < 0.001). The postoperative shoulder pain was also significantly reduced in Group A than in Group B (5% vs. 28.2%, P = 0.013). There were no instances of major adverse effects. Conclusion: We conclude that the ultrasound-guided injectate in the sternocleidomastoid-scalene intermuscular space deeper to investing layer but superficial to the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia is central to providing superior shoulder pain relief in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery under spinal anesthesia than the classical landmark-based SCPB.","PeriodicalId":8534,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135106014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_35_23
MAnbu Priya, S Hariharan, K Gayathri, JR Abishek
Background: Physiotherapy treatment is focused for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in critical, acute, and postacute phases, and the physiotherapists have the responsibility of recovering COVID-19 individuals back to their usual quality of life (QOL). Hence, evaluating the COVID-19 survivor’s QOL is important to improve their independence. Objective: This study aims to assess the patient’s cardiorespiratory fitness in association with their CORADS classification and QOL in post-COVID-19 individuals is essential during this pandemic. Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted with 60 post-COVID-19 individuals who were recruited by convenience. Result: P value of symptomatic and asymptomatic is 0.001, which is considered significant based on their VO2, and that the mean difference, standard error difference, and 95% confidence interval of the difference for both are −6.68, 0.73, and −8.14, respectively. The physical component of QOL is significant in symptomatic individuals (0.005), but all other components are nonsignificant. Conclusion: The impact of COVID-19 on health-related QOL and cardiorespiratory fitness is higher in symptomatic individuals than symptomatic individuals.
{"title":"Association of CORADS classification and cardiorespiratory fitness profile among symptomatic and asymptomatic post-coronavirus disease 2019 individuals","authors":"MAnbu Priya, S Hariharan, K Gayathri, JR Abishek","doi":"10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_35_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_35_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Physiotherapy treatment is focused for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in critical, acute, and postacute phases, and the physiotherapists have the responsibility of recovering COVID-19 individuals back to their usual quality of life (QOL). Hence, evaluating the COVID-19 survivor’s QOL is important to improve their independence. Objective: This study aims to assess the patient’s cardiorespiratory fitness in association with their CORADS classification and QOL in post-COVID-19 individuals is essential during this pandemic. Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted with 60 post-COVID-19 individuals who were recruited by convenience. Result: P value of symptomatic and asymptomatic is 0.001, which is considered significant based on their VO2, and that the mean difference, standard error difference, and 95% confidence interval of the difference for both are −6.68, 0.73, and −8.14, respectively. The physical component of QOL is significant in symptomatic individuals (0.005), but all other components are nonsignificant. Conclusion: The impact of COVID-19 on health-related QOL and cardiorespiratory fitness is higher in symptomatic individuals than symptomatic individuals.","PeriodicalId":8534,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135106183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_7_23
D. Rajesh, M. Thejaswini
Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) due to drug therapy are inevitable and prior knowledge of their causative agents can avoid unnecessary economic burden on patients as well as on the health-care system. Objectives: To create awareness among health-care professionals about the drug safety alerts (DSAs) issued by the National Coordination Centre for Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (NCC-PvPI) till December 2022 and to reiterate the importance of spontaneous reporting of adverse events for better patient care. Methodology: A retrospective analysis of 141 DSAs issued from March 2016 to December 2022 was done. The ADRs were analyzed for the type of reactions, system organ class, and according to drug class. Microsoft Office 2007 was used to formulate the data and presented it in a descriptive manner using numbers and percentages. Results: Out of 141 DSAs under analysis, 101 individual drugs, 2 drug classes, and 7 drug combinations have developed 144 ADRs. These ADRs were compressed into 86 different types as similar ADRs were caused by more than one drug. Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms is the most common ADR noticed, followed by skin manifestations such as toxic epidermal necrolysis, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, skin hyperpigmentation, fixed drug eruption, symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema, and photosensitivity reaction. The most common causative drugs for ADRs were antimicrobial agents, cephalosporins being the most commonly implicated medication class. Conclusions: Most of the ADRs advised to closely monitor by the NCC-PvPI through DSAs were treatable by early and appropriate management. Due to the high number of skin manifestations observed in the analysis, the role of dermatologists in taking detailed drug history is critical when making a differential diagnosis of skin lesions. Motivation and creating awareness among health-care professionals and patients to spontaneously report adverse events can only strengthen the pharmacovigilance system in India.
{"title":"Drug Safety Alerts Issued by the National Coordination Centre for Pharmacovigilance Programme of India: Current Practices and Future Recommendations","authors":"D. Rajesh, M. Thejaswini","doi":"10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_7_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_7_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) due to drug therapy are inevitable and prior knowledge of their causative agents can avoid unnecessary economic burden on patients as well as on the health-care system. Objectives: To create awareness among health-care professionals about the drug safety alerts (DSAs) issued by the National Coordination Centre for Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (NCC-PvPI) till December 2022 and to reiterate the importance of spontaneous reporting of adverse events for better patient care. Methodology: A retrospective analysis of 141 DSAs issued from March 2016 to December 2022 was done. The ADRs were analyzed for the type of reactions, system organ class, and according to drug class. Microsoft Office 2007 was used to formulate the data and presented it in a descriptive manner using numbers and percentages. Results: Out of 141 DSAs under analysis, 101 individual drugs, 2 drug classes, and 7 drug combinations have developed 144 ADRs. These ADRs were compressed into 86 different types as similar ADRs were caused by more than one drug. Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms is the most common ADR noticed, followed by skin manifestations such as toxic epidermal necrolysis, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, skin hyperpigmentation, fixed drug eruption, symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema, and photosensitivity reaction. The most common causative drugs for ADRs were antimicrobial agents, cephalosporins being the most commonly implicated medication class. Conclusions: Most of the ADRs advised to closely monitor by the NCC-PvPI through DSAs were treatable by early and appropriate management. Due to the high number of skin manifestations observed in the analysis, the role of dermatologists in taking detailed drug history is critical when making a differential diagnosis of skin lesions. Motivation and creating awareness among health-care professionals and patients to spontaneously report adverse events can only strengthen the pharmacovigilance system in India.","PeriodicalId":8534,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care","volume":"60 1","pages":"64 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88718694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_2_23
A. Balap, Ravina Waghmare
Aim: Dosulepin hydrochloride is a tricyclic antidepressant. It acts by inhibition of the reuptake of biogenic amine and increasing available neurotransmitter levels at the synaptic cleft. The objective of this work is to develop a new validated stability-indicating high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the determination of dosulepin hydrochloric acid (HCl) in bulk and marketed formulation and characterization of the degradation products by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Materials and Methods: The HPTLC method development of dosulepin HCl was performed on aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254 using dichloromethane: toulene: methanol: glacial acetic acid (GAA) (4:4:2:0.2 v/v) with densitometric detection at 220 nm. The method validation was done using linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness parameter. Results: Linearity range for dosulepin HCl was found in between 150 and 900 ng/band correlation coefficient was 0.996. The % relative standard deviation for accuracy and precision was found <2%. The developed and validated HPTLC method is simple, accurate, precise, and specific. Conclusion: This study concludes that the dosulepin HCl undergoes degradation to different extent under different stress conditions. From the peak purity profile studies, it was confirmed that the peak of the degradation product was not interfering with the peak of drugs. Major acidic and oxidation degradation products were isolated and characterized by LC–MS and probable degradation pathway for dosulepin HCl was determined.
{"title":"Development of a new validated stability-indicating high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for determination of dosulepin HCl in bulk and marketed formulation with characterization of its degradants by liquid chromatography–Mass spectrometry","authors":"A. Balap, Ravina Waghmare","doi":"10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_2_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_2_23","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Dosulepin hydrochloride is a tricyclic antidepressant. It acts by inhibition of the reuptake of biogenic amine and increasing available neurotransmitter levels at the synaptic cleft. The objective of this work is to develop a new validated stability-indicating high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the determination of dosulepin hydrochloric acid (HCl) in bulk and marketed formulation and characterization of the degradation products by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Materials and Methods: The HPTLC method development of dosulepin HCl was performed on aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254 using dichloromethane: toulene: methanol: glacial acetic acid (GAA) (4:4:2:0.2 v/v) with densitometric detection at 220 nm. The method validation was done using linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness parameter. Results: Linearity range for dosulepin HCl was found in between 150 and 900 ng/band correlation coefficient was 0.996. The % relative standard deviation for accuracy and precision was found <2%. The developed and validated HPTLC method is simple, accurate, precise, and specific. Conclusion: This study concludes that the dosulepin HCl undergoes degradation to different extent under different stress conditions. From the peak purity profile studies, it was confirmed that the peak of the degradation product was not interfering with the peak of drugs. Major acidic and oxidation degradation products were isolated and characterized by LC–MS and probable degradation pathway for dosulepin HCl was determined.","PeriodicalId":8534,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care","volume":"23 24 1","pages":"76 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88652257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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