Background: Siphonochilus aethiopicus belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. In Chinese medicine, Zingiberaceae are acknowledged for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which contribute to immune system reinforcement. They are known to promote digestion, alleviate nausea, motion sickness and are involved incombating flu and cold. The current study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the methanolic extract of Siphonochilus aethiopicus (MESA). Methodology: The in vivo study examined the anti-inflammatory impact of the extract (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg) using a formaldehyde-induced inflammation mouse model. The anti-arthritic effect of the MESA was determined by measuring paw diameter, body weight, biochemical parameters (C-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor) including oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and nitric oxide), and hematological parameters. Additionally, a histopathological examination was conducted to evaluate the outcome of treatment on tissue integrity. Results: Results obtained show that the MESA significantly decreased paw inflammation (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001) and enhanced hematological and biochemical parameters. Additionally, MESA significantly ameliorated oxidative stress parameters (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). Conclusion: This finding suggests that Siphonochilus aethiopicus possesses strong antioxidant and anti-arthritic activity, supporting its traditional application as a remedy for rheumatoid arthritis.
{"title":"Effect of Siphonochilus aethiopicus Methanolic Extract on Oxidative Stress Markers, Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Experimentally Induced Arthritis Model in Mice","authors":"Elize Dadaya, Jeweldai Vedekoi, Tchoubou Zacharie, Herve Ngatanko Abaissou, Ndjonka Dieudonné","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4292","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Siphonochilus aethiopicus belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. In Chinese medicine, Zingiberaceae are acknowledged for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which contribute to immune system reinforcement. They are known to promote digestion, alleviate nausea, motion sickness and are involved incombating flu and cold. The current study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the methanolic extract of Siphonochilus aethiopicus (MESA). \u0000Methodology: The in vivo study examined the anti-inflammatory impact of the extract (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg) using a formaldehyde-induced inflammation mouse model. The anti-arthritic effect of the MESA was determined by measuring paw diameter, body weight, biochemical parameters (C-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor) including oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and nitric oxide), and hematological parameters. Additionally, a histopathological examination was conducted to evaluate the outcome of treatment on tissue integrity. \u0000Results: Results obtained show that the MESA significantly decreased paw inflammation (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001) and enhanced hematological and biochemical parameters. Additionally, MESA significantly ameliorated oxidative stress parameters (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). \u0000Conclusion: This finding suggests that Siphonochilus aethiopicus possesses strong antioxidant and anti-arthritic activity, supporting its traditional application as a remedy for rheumatoid arthritis.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141111195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: This study aims to obtain isolates of endophytic bacteria found in mangosteen roots, determine information regarding the chemical contents of secondary metabolites from endophytic bacteria, and obtain antioxidant activity data using the DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl) method. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted from June to September 2019 at the Microbiology Laboratory of Universitas Perintis and the Higher Education Coordinating Board Region X, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Methodology: Isolation of endophytic bacteria, secondary metabolite production by endophytic bacteria, phytochemical screening, and antioxidant activity testing using the DPPH method. Results: The results of measuring the antioxidant activity of secondary metabolite extracts from endophytic bacteria of mangosteen rootsusing the DPPH method yielded an IC50 of 14,047.912 g/ml and gallic acid solution of 2,498 g/ml. Furthermore, the T-test analysis between the % inhibition of secondary metabolites from endophytic bacteria of mangosteen roots and gallic acid yielded a significant value of 0.013. Conclusion: The antioxidant activity of secondary metabolites from endophytic bacteria of mangosteen roots is considered weak and cannot be an alternative or solution for antioxidant production.
{"title":"Antioxidant Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract from Endohytic Bacteria of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Roots","authors":"Bastian Nova, Epi Supri Wardi, Ria Afrianti, Aldo Maihendra","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4291","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aims to obtain isolates of endophytic bacteria found in mangosteen roots, determine information regarding the chemical contents of secondary metabolites from endophytic bacteria, and obtain antioxidant activity data using the DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl) method. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted from June to September 2019 at the Microbiology Laboratory of Universitas Perintis and the Higher Education Coordinating Board Region X, West Sumatra, Indonesia. \u0000Methodology: Isolation of endophytic bacteria, secondary metabolite production by endophytic bacteria, phytochemical screening, and antioxidant activity testing using the DPPH method. \u0000Results: The results of measuring the antioxidant activity of secondary metabolite extracts from endophytic bacteria of mangosteen rootsusing the DPPH method yielded an IC50 of 14,047.912 g/ml and gallic acid solution of 2,498 g/ml. Furthermore, the T-test analysis between the % inhibition of secondary metabolites from endophytic bacteria of mangosteen roots and gallic acid yielded a significant value of 0.013. \u0000Conclusion: The antioxidant activity of secondary metabolites from endophytic bacteria of mangosteen roots is considered weak and cannot be an alternative or solution for antioxidant production.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140973080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of oil palm biomass in black soap production was carried out. The soap was prepared using different oils; Palm kernel oil (PKO), Tallow oil (TO), Palm oil (PO), Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and their blends (PKO:PFAD:TO:PO) at 0.5 ratio each. The physiochemical properties of the different oils and their blends were studied. The moisture content, bulk density, foaming stability, pH, solubility of metallic salts and surface tension of the different black soaps produced were analyzed. The results of the oils and their blends had free fatty acid values between (2.56 - 49.48) %, saponification values of (231.4 - 450.20) KOH/g and relative densities of (0.97-1.008) g/ml. The results indicated that the moisture content ranged from (6.0 -7.4) % for all soaps, with the lowest (6.0%) observed in PKO, the highest (7.4%) observed in soaps made with PO and PKO:PFAD:TO:PO blends. The bulk density of the soaps ranged from (0.55 - 0.94) g/cm3. The PKO: PFAD soap had the highest foam stability of 7.4cm and PKO soap (2.08cm) the lowest. The soap produced with various oils and their blends showed a neutral pH in the range of 7.25 -7.38. The metallic salts NaCl, KCl and HgCl2 were soluble in the soap solution with no precipitate formed while MnCl2, PbCl3, and CuCl2 salts precipitated out of the soap solution. The surface tension of water was lowered at different rates by the soaps. The black soap produced with the oils and their blends met the standard quality specification for commercial soaps within the geographical area of manufacture.
{"title":"Physicochemical Properties of African Black Soap Prepared with Alkali Derived from (Empty) Oil Palm Fruit Bunches","authors":"Gold, I.L., Okunwaye, T., Onyia, D.C., Akpose, I.O., Imoisi, O.B., Asiriuwa, N.U.","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4290","url":null,"abstract":"The use of oil palm biomass in black soap production was carried out. The soap was prepared using different oils; Palm kernel oil (PKO), Tallow oil (TO), Palm oil (PO), Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and their blends (PKO:PFAD:TO:PO) at 0.5 ratio each. The physiochemical properties of the different oils and their blends were studied. The moisture content, bulk density, foaming stability, pH, solubility of metallic salts and surface tension of the different black soaps produced were analyzed. The results of the oils and their blends had free fatty acid values between (2.56 - 49.48) %, saponification values of (231.4 - 450.20) KOH/g and relative densities of (0.97-1.008) g/ml. The results indicated that the moisture content ranged from (6.0 -7.4) % for all soaps, with the lowest (6.0%) observed in PKO, the highest (7.4%) observed in soaps made with PO and PKO:PFAD:TO:PO blends. The bulk density of the soaps ranged from (0.55 - 0.94) g/cm3. The PKO: PFAD soap had the highest foam stability of 7.4cm and PKO soap (2.08cm) the lowest. The soap produced with various oils and their blends showed a neutral pH in the range of 7.25 -7.38. The metallic salts NaCl, KCl and HgCl2 were soluble in the soap solution with no precipitate formed while MnCl2, PbCl3, and CuCl2 salts precipitated out of the soap solution. The surface tension of water was lowered at different rates by the soaps. The black soap produced with the oils and their blends met the standard quality specification for commercial soaps within the geographical area of manufacture.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141005677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-04DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4289
Rishav Kumar, M. Goswami, Vikas Pathak
The nutritional quality of pet foods plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and well-being of companion animals. In this study, we investigated the fatty acid compositions of various pet foods, including chicken powder, poultry byproducts incorporated vegetables, byproducts incorporated with ragi, and boiled mash Potato, to assess their scientific significance and potential implications for pet nutrition. Our analysis revealed diverse fatty acid profiles across the different pet foods, with each food exhibiting unique compositions and proportions of fatty acids. Notable findings include the identification of common fatty acids shared among multiple pet foods, as well as variations in the abundance of specific fatty acids across different formulations. Additionally, certain pet foods are characterized by the presence of rare or unusual fatty acids, highlighting the importance of exploring their sources and potential health benefits. By correlating the fatty acid compositions of pet foods with metabolic pathways and health implications, we elucidated the nutritional significance of these dietary components for pets. Furthermore, we identified areas for further research, including the impact of processing methods on fatty acid profiles and the development of novel formulations optimized for pet nutrition and well-being. Overall, this study contributes valuable insights into the scientific understanding of pet nutrition and underscores the importance of considering fatty acid compositions in formulating balanced and nutritious diets for companion animals.
{"title":"Gas Chromatography Based Analysis of Fatty Acid Profiles in Poultry Byproduct-Based Pet Foods: Implications for Nutritional Quality and Health Optimization","authors":"Rishav Kumar, M. Goswami, Vikas Pathak","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4289","url":null,"abstract":"The nutritional quality of pet foods plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and well-being of companion animals. In this study, we investigated the fatty acid compositions of various pet foods, including chicken powder, poultry byproducts incorporated vegetables, byproducts incorporated with ragi, and boiled mash Potato, to assess their scientific significance and potential implications for pet nutrition. Our analysis revealed diverse fatty acid profiles across the different pet foods, with each food exhibiting unique compositions and proportions of fatty acids. Notable findings include the identification of common fatty acids shared among multiple pet foods, as well as variations in the abundance of specific fatty acids across different formulations. Additionally, certain pet foods are characterized by the presence of rare or unusual fatty acids, highlighting the importance of exploring their sources and potential health benefits. By correlating the fatty acid compositions of pet foods with metabolic pathways and health implications, we elucidated the nutritional significance of these dietary components for pets. Furthermore, we identified areas for further research, including the impact of processing methods on fatty acid profiles and the development of novel formulations optimized for pet nutrition and well-being. Overall, this study contributes valuable insights into the scientific understanding of pet nutrition and underscores the importance of considering fatty acid compositions in formulating balanced and nutritious diets for companion animals.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141013166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pavetta corymbosa (Rubiaceae) is a plant widely known in sub-Saharan Africa in the field of traditional medicine. It is used empirically against certain pathologies such as malaria, diabetes, hemorrhages and typhoid fever. However, there is no scientific data on its phytochemical and biological profile, so this study was carried out to research the chemical groups contained in the leaves of this plant and determine the toxicological parameters which would justify its use in traditional medicine. Several standard characterization methods were used for phytochemical screening of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of Pavetta corymbosa leaves. The study of the acute toxicity of the two types of extracts from the leaves of this plant was carried out according to the OECD guideline 423 using Wistar rats. Phytochemical screening indicated the existence of polyphenols, saponosides, quinones, flavonoids, polyterpenes and sterols in the two types of extracts of this plant, which would justify its biological and pharmacological effects. The study of the acute toxicity of these two types of extracts, administered intraperitoneally to Wistar rats, showed no mortality of the rats. These toxicological results allow us to qualify the leaves of Pavetta corymbosa as being non-toxic, hence the interest in its use in traditional medicine against certain pathologies.
{"title":"Phytochemistry and Evaluation of Acute Toxicity of Aqueous and Hydroethanolic Extracts of Pavetta corymbosa Leaves (Rubiaceae)","authors":"Miezan Bilé Aka Patrice, Kouamé Yao Yves, Kouakou Yeboué Koffi François, Kayo Blaise","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i3287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i3287","url":null,"abstract":"Pavetta corymbosa (Rubiaceae) is a plant widely known in sub-Saharan Africa in the field of traditional medicine. It is used empirically against certain pathologies such as malaria, diabetes, hemorrhages and typhoid fever. However, there is no scientific data on its phytochemical and biological profile, so this study was carried out to research the chemical groups contained in the leaves of this plant and determine the toxicological parameters which would justify its use in traditional medicine. Several standard characterization methods were used for phytochemical screening of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of Pavetta corymbosa leaves. The study of the acute toxicity of the two types of extracts from the leaves of this plant was carried out according to the OECD guideline 423 using Wistar rats. Phytochemical screening indicated the existence of polyphenols, saponosides, quinones, flavonoids, polyterpenes and sterols in the two types of extracts of this plant, which would justify its biological and pharmacological effects. The study of the acute toxicity of these two types of extracts, administered intraperitoneally to Wistar rats, showed no mortality of the rats. These toxicological results allow us to qualify the leaves of Pavetta corymbosa as being non-toxic, hence the interest in its use in traditional medicine against certain pathologies.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140671619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i3286
G. Kalaiselvi, K. G. Tirumurugaan, G. D. Raj, K. Vijayarani, R. Baranidharan
Aim: NMR spectroscopy analysis of dog erythrocytic membrane antigen in order to differentiate blood groups in dogs Methodology: The purified dog erythrocytic membrane glycoprotein of DEA1.1 positive and negative blood were subjected in to NMR spectroscopy analysis. One-dimensional C13-NMR spectra were acquired at 25°C on a high resolution spectrometer Fourier 300 MHz (Bruker’s, (USA) using the first increment of the pulse sequence NOESY-presat, 128 scans, sweep window 20 ppm, 32 k points and relaxation delay 5 seconds. The spectra were processed and analyzed with Bruker’s. TopSpin software 300 zero-filing to 64 k points and line broadening 0.5 Hz22 and MestReNova 8.1 software (Mestrelab Research, Santiago de Compostela, Spain). Results: The DEA 1.1 positive and negative membrane glycoprotein showed chemical shift with minimum spectral difference and functional group, CH3CO at the level of 20-30 ppm, RCH2Cl at the level of 35-45 ppm, RCH2OH, C=O (in acids and esters) at the level of 170 ppm were identified in both DEA 1.1 positive and negative membrane glycoprotein in NMR analysis of canine erythrocytic membrane antigen. Conclusion: NMR studies of conformational changes of membrane proteins in response to small molecule and protein ligands and the changing lipid environment at different physiological states of cellular membranes. The exploration of the structural and mechanistic biology of membrane proteins by NMR has a bright future and bring many new exciting discoveries.
{"title":"NMR Analysis of Dog Erythrocytic Membrane Antigen","authors":"G. Kalaiselvi, K. G. Tirumurugaan, G. D. Raj, K. Vijayarani, R. Baranidharan","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i3286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i3286","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: NMR spectroscopy analysis of dog erythrocytic membrane antigen in order to differentiate blood groups in dogs\u0000Methodology: The purified dog erythrocytic membrane glycoprotein of DEA1.1 positive and negative blood were subjected in to NMR spectroscopy analysis. One-dimensional C13-NMR spectra were acquired at 25°C on a high resolution spectrometer Fourier 300 MHz (Bruker’s, (USA) using the first increment of the pulse sequence NOESY-presat, 128 scans, sweep window 20 ppm, 32 k points and relaxation delay 5 seconds. The spectra were processed and analyzed with Bruker’s. TopSpin software 300 zero-filing to 64 k points and line broadening 0.5 Hz22 and MestReNova 8.1 software (Mestrelab Research, Santiago de Compostela, Spain).\u0000Results: The DEA 1.1 positive and negative membrane glycoprotein showed chemical shift with minimum spectral difference and functional group, CH3CO at the level of 20-30 ppm, RCH2Cl at the level of 35-45 ppm, RCH2OH, C=O (in acids and esters) at the level of 170 ppm were identified in both DEA 1.1 positive and negative membrane glycoprotein in NMR analysis of canine erythrocytic membrane antigen.\u0000Conclusion: NMR studies of conformational changes of membrane proteins in response to small molecule and protein ligands and the changing lipid environment at different physiological states of cellular membranes. The exploration of the structural and mechanistic biology of membrane proteins by NMR has a bright future and bring many new exciting discoveries.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140683669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i3285
D. Iga
Meso Compounds have been defined by themselves, as well as by their relationship with another group of diastereomeric combinations, C2 symmetrical ones, isomer to meso. Every meso compound should present a homodimer equivalent able to display at least one C2 symmetrical isomer. Cahn-Ingold-Prelog test, however limited, is also valuable. A systematization of meso combinations includes the following types: (A) meso Homodimers possessing one super-symmetric isomer or two real or envisaged C2 symmetrical enantiomers; (B) meso Heterodimers with a binding support having geometric or optical symmetry (e.g. >CR2, etc.). (C) meso Heterodimers with a binding support devoid of symmetry (of the form >CRR’, etc.), seeable as meso, and provable in this way not by themselves but by their equivalent meso homodimers. A paradoxical behavior has been shown at one of inositol isomers, in comparison with the others. Moreover, a new group of compounds has been disclosed, which are concomitantly meso and C2 symmetrical, and of this reason they have been called super- symmetrical.
{"title":"Meso Compounds Systematization ‒ A Chemical Paradox among Inositols and a Group of Super-symmetric Combinations","authors":"D. Iga","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i3285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i3285","url":null,"abstract":"Meso Compounds have been defined by themselves, as well as by their relationship with another group of diastereomeric combinations, C2 symmetrical ones, isomer to meso. Every meso compound should present a homodimer equivalent able to display at least one C2 symmetrical isomer. Cahn-Ingold-Prelog test, however limited, is also valuable. A systematization of meso combinations includes the following types: (A) meso Homodimers possessing one super-symmetric isomer or two real or envisaged C2 symmetrical enantiomers; (B) meso Heterodimers with a binding support having geometric or optical symmetry (e.g. >CR2, etc.). (C) meso Heterodimers with a binding support devoid of symmetry (of the form >CRR’, etc.), seeable as meso, and provable in this way not by themselves but by their equivalent meso homodimers. A paradoxical behavior has been shown at one of inositol isomers, in comparison with the others. Moreover, a new group of compounds has been disclosed, which are concomitantly meso and C2 symmetrical, and of this reason they have been called super- symmetrical.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140688211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-11DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i3284
Edebi N Vaikosen, Samuel J. Bunu, Adesegun J. Kashimawo, Ekeneokot O. Okuba, Chukwudi V. Eze
Amoxicillin is an aminopenicillin antibiotic, used in the treatment of several infections resulting from susceptible Gram-positive and Gram-negative, such as pneumonia, acute otitis media, acne vulgaris, bacterial endocarditis, streptococcal pharyngitis, urinary tract, Lyme borreliosis, Salmonella, Helicobacter pylori, chlamydia, and odontogenic infections. The study aimed to determine the in-vitro bioequivalence of amoxicillin capsules from various brands using physicochemical and spectroscopic parameters. Weight uniformity, friability, disintegration, dissolving tests, and UV spectroscopy were used to determine the in-vitro bioequivalence of different brands of amoxicillin capsules. The weight variation for all the capsules showed compliance with the USP specifications (≤10% weight deviation). All brands complied with the USP/BP specification for the disintegration test, as disintegration time ranged from 7 to 12 minutes. The dissolution profile of the innovator and the generic brands showed a percentage release from 80.81 – 89.11% within 30 minutes. The first-order kinetics, t1/2 and k of amoxicillin released ranged from 16.01 – 27.11 min and 2.56 – 4.33 x 10-2 min-1 respectively. A straight-line graph was obtained as a calibration curve of amoxicillin. UV absorption spectrum showed four distinctive peaks at 240, 275, 320, and 360 nm, with the maximum at 240 nm, while the percentage content of amoxicillin ranged from 90.58 ± 1.38 to 98.74 ± 0.97%. This result complied with the BP and USP specifications. Hence, there was a strong correlation between the release rate constant, k, and time since values were ≥ 0.8087 compared with the innovator and other brands.
阿莫西林是一种氨基青霉素类抗生素，用于治疗易感革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性菌引起的多种感染，如肺炎、急性中耳炎、寻常痤疮、细菌性心内膜炎、链球菌性咽炎、尿路感染、莱姆病、沙门氏菌、幽门螺旋杆菌、衣原体和牙源性感染。该研究旨在利用理化和光谱参数确定不同品牌阿莫西林胶囊的体外生物等效性。研究采用了重量均匀性、易碎性、崩解性、溶解试验和紫外光谱法来确定不同品牌阿莫西林胶囊的体外生物等效性。所有胶囊的重量变化均符合美国药典规范（重量偏差小于 10%）。所有品牌的崩解试验均符合 USP/BP 规格，崩解时间在 7 至 12 分钟之间。创新品牌和非专利品牌的溶出曲线显示，30 分钟内的释放百分比为 80.81% - 89.11%。阿莫西林释放的一阶动力学 t1/2 和 k 值分别为 16.01 - 27.11 分钟和 2.56 - 4.33 x 10-2 min-1。阿莫西林的校准曲线为一条直线。紫外吸收光谱显示在 240、275、320 和 360 纳米波长处有四个明显的峰，最大值在 240 纳米波长处，而阿莫西林的百分比含量在 90.58 ± 1.38 至 98.74 ± 0.97% 之间。 这一结果符合 BP 和 USP 规范。因此，释放速率常数 k 与时间之间有很强的相关性，因为与创新药和其他品牌相比，释放速率常数 k 的值≥ 0.8087。
{"title":"Spectroscopic Determination and In vitro Bioequivalence Studies of Different Amoxicillin Capsule Brands","authors":"Edebi N Vaikosen, Samuel J. Bunu, Adesegun J. Kashimawo, Ekeneokot O. Okuba, Chukwudi V. Eze","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i3284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i3284","url":null,"abstract":"Amoxicillin is an aminopenicillin antibiotic, used in the treatment of several infections resulting from susceptible Gram-positive and Gram-negative, such as pneumonia, acute otitis media, acne vulgaris, bacterial endocarditis, streptococcal pharyngitis, urinary tract, Lyme borreliosis, Salmonella, Helicobacter pylori, chlamydia, and odontogenic infections. The study aimed to determine the in-vitro bioequivalence of amoxicillin capsules from various brands using physicochemical and spectroscopic parameters. Weight uniformity, friability, disintegration, dissolving tests, and UV spectroscopy were used to determine the in-vitro bioequivalence of different brands of amoxicillin capsules. The weight variation for all the capsules showed compliance with the USP specifications (≤10% weight deviation). All brands complied with the USP/BP specification for the disintegration test, as disintegration time ranged from 7 to 12 minutes. The dissolution profile of the innovator and the generic brands showed a percentage release from 80.81 – 89.11% within 30 minutes. The first-order kinetics, t1/2 and k of amoxicillin released ranged from 16.01 – 27.11 min and 2.56 – 4.33 x 10-2 min-1 respectively. A straight-line graph was obtained as a calibration curve of amoxicillin. UV absorption spectrum showed four distinctive peaks at 240, 275, 320, and 360 nm, with the maximum at 240 nm, while the percentage content of amoxicillin ranged from 90.58 ± 1.38 to 98.74 ± 0.97%. This result complied with the BP and USP specifications. Hence, there was a strong correlation between the release rate constant, k, and time since values were ≥ 0.8087 compared with the innovator and other brands.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140716070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-06DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i3283
O. Odekanyin, O. Abioye, A. O. Fajobi, G. E. Ogundepo, Taofeeqat Titilope Shittu, Ibrahim Olashile Mustapha
Objectives: The study was designed to screen for the phytochemical constituents, and investigate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities of Leucaena leucocephala fruit pods methanolic extract (LLFPME). Materials and Methods: Matured and dried fruit pods were pulverized and extracted with methanol using maceration method. The filtrate was concentrated in a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure to obtain powdery form termed LLFPME. The LLFPME was tested for the presence of phytochemicals using TLC and GC-MS technique. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract were quantified; the antioxidant potential of the extract was examined using DPPH and H2O2 radical scavenging, metal chelating, FRAP and TAC assays. The anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated using the membrane stabilizing and lipoxygenase inhibitory activities while the antibacterial activity was investigated by determining the zone of inhibition, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of extract against the test bacterial isolates. Results: TLC revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and others while the GC-MS analysis also showed the presence of 27 compounds. It was shown that the LLFPME displayed measurable antioxidant activity by exhibiting DPPH and H2O2 free radical scavenging potential and dose dependent metal chelating ability. FRAP and TAC were estimated to be 14.88 ± 0.04 and 25.53 ± 0.21 mgAAE/g of extract, respectively. The extract protected the RBC membrane integrity of RBC subjected to heat and hypotonic stress; and inhibited the activity of lipoxygenase. The extract inhibited the growth of some bacterial strains but had no visible effect on Pseudomonas aeuroginosa growth. The zone of inhibition, MIC and MBC exhibited by the extract against susceptible test bacteria ranges between 13 - 17 mm, 2.5 - 20 and 20 mg/ml, respectively.. Conclusion: It was concluded that LLFPME exhibited antioxidant potential through various mechanisms that possibly aided its ability to stabilize stressed cell membrane and similarly inhibited the growth of some bacterial strain.
{"title":"Studies on Phytochemicals and Bioactivities of Methanolic Extract of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Fruit Pods","authors":"O. Odekanyin, O. Abioye, A. O. Fajobi, G. E. Ogundepo, Taofeeqat Titilope Shittu, Ibrahim Olashile Mustapha","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i3283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i3283","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The study was designed to screen for the phytochemical constituents, and investigate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities of Leucaena leucocephala fruit pods methanolic extract (LLFPME). \u0000Materials and Methods: Matured and dried fruit pods were pulverized and extracted with methanol using maceration method. The filtrate was concentrated in a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure to obtain powdery form termed LLFPME. The LLFPME was tested for the presence of phytochemicals using TLC and GC-MS technique. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract were quantified; the antioxidant potential of the extract was examined using DPPH and H2O2 radical scavenging, metal chelating, FRAP and TAC assays. The anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated using the membrane stabilizing and lipoxygenase inhibitory activities while the antibacterial activity was investigated by determining the zone of inhibition, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of extract against the test bacterial isolates. \u0000Results: TLC revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and others while the GC-MS analysis also showed the presence of 27 compounds. It was shown that the LLFPME displayed measurable antioxidant activity by exhibiting DPPH and H2O2 free radical scavenging potential and dose dependent metal chelating ability. FRAP and TAC were estimated to be 14.88 ± 0.04 and 25.53 ± 0.21 mgAAE/g of extract, respectively. The extract protected the RBC membrane integrity of RBC subjected to heat and hypotonic stress; and inhibited the activity of lipoxygenase. The extract inhibited the growth of some bacterial strains but had no visible effect on Pseudomonas aeuroginosa growth. The zone of inhibition, MIC and MBC exhibited by the extract against susceptible test bacteria ranges between 13 - 17 mm, 2.5 - 20 and 20 mg/ml, respectively.. \u0000Conclusion: It was concluded that LLFPME exhibited antioxidant potential through various mechanisms that possibly aided its ability to stabilize stressed cell membrane and similarly inhibited the growth of some bacterial strain.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140734139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-23DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i3282
Ian Jake N. Galorio, Reyniel M. Durante, Ronald R. Baldo
Medicinal plants contain bioactive compounds which are used for the treatment of various human diseases. One of these plants is the Tubli (Derris elliptica Benth) which comes from the genus of the family Papilionaceae locally known in Southeast Asian Countries as "Derris" or Tuba" and "Tubli" or "Tugling-pula" in Philippines. In this paper, is reported inhibitory property of this plant which had been studied against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to find new substances with antimicrobial properties. The main purpose of the study was to identify the biochemical compounds of Tubli (Derris elliptica Benth) that inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus; to determine the result of the mean average of zone inhibition between Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and to differentiate the mean average of zone of inhibition between Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The experiments conducted used the Completely Randomized Designed (CRD). The data were analyzed using T-Test. Phytochemical analysis of Tubli (D. elliptica Benth) revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and steroids which contributed to the antimicrobial ability of the root extract. It was found out that Tubli (D. elliptica Benth) was more active against the S. aureus having the total average zone of inhibition of 24.66 mm than the E. coli having the total average zone of inhibition of 20 mm. T-Test revealed that there is a significant difference on zone of inhibitions of the S. aureus and E. coli tested under Tubli (D. elliptica Benth) ethanolic root extract. The presence of phytochemicals suggests that D. elliptica has a potential antimicrobial property that could serve as a natural source of traditional medicine for treatment of various diseases.
{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis and Potential Inhibitory Property of Tubli (Derris elliptica Benth) Root Extract on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Ian Jake N. Galorio, Reyniel M. Durante, Ronald R. Baldo","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i3282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i3282","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants contain bioactive compounds which are used for the treatment of various human diseases. One of these plants is the Tubli (Derris elliptica Benth) which comes from the genus of the family Papilionaceae locally known in Southeast Asian Countries as \"Derris\" or Tuba\" and \"Tubli\" or \"Tugling-pula\" in Philippines. In this paper, is reported inhibitory property of this plant which had been studied against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to find new substances with antimicrobial properties. The main purpose of the study was to identify the biochemical compounds of Tubli (Derris elliptica Benth) that inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus; to determine the result of the mean average of zone inhibition between Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and to differentiate the mean average of zone of inhibition between Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The experiments conducted used the Completely Randomized Designed (CRD). The data were analyzed using T-Test. Phytochemical analysis of Tubli (D. elliptica Benth) revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and steroids which contributed to the antimicrobial ability of the root extract. It was found out that Tubli (D. elliptica Benth) was more active against the S. aureus having the total average zone of inhibition of 24.66 mm than the E. coli having the total average zone of inhibition of 20 mm. T-Test revealed that there is a significant difference on zone of inhibitions of the S. aureus and E. coli tested under Tubli (D. elliptica Benth) ethanolic root extract. The presence of phytochemicals suggests that D. elliptica has a potential antimicrobial property that could serve as a natural source of traditional medicine for treatment of various diseases.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140210740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：