Pub Date : 2023-08-08DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i1249
Brahima kouame Koffi Raoul, Kamenan Koua Christ Delor, A. Bognan
Introduction: Remains today a metabolic disease that is gaining ground. It is linked to some health complications that lead to disastrous consequences in terms of loss of human life. It is necessary to take measures to stem this pathology. So, a plant species has been tested for its effect on hyperglycemia indicator of diabetes. Aim: Evaluate the anthyperglycemia effect of the aqueous extract of carapa procera bark. Methodology: The aqueous extract of the bark of Carapa procera was tested on rats subjected to a high-calorie diet and the biochemical parameters were evaluated. In addition, a phytochemical characterization was carried out. Results: The high-calorie diet caused an increase in weight as well as an increase of glycemia. The aqueous extract of Carapa procera stabilized the glycemia. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of Carapa procera has an antihyperglycemic activity.
{"title":"Anti-hyperglycemic Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Carapa procera on Rats Submitted to a High-calorie Diet","authors":"Brahima kouame Koffi Raoul, Kamenan Koua Christ Delor, A. Bognan","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i1249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i1249","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Remains today a metabolic disease that is gaining ground. It is linked to some health complications that lead to disastrous consequences in terms of loss of human life. It is necessary to take measures to stem this pathology. So, a plant species has been tested for its effect on hyperglycemia indicator of diabetes. \u0000Aim: Evaluate the anthyperglycemia effect of the aqueous extract of carapa procera bark. \u0000Methodology: The aqueous extract of the bark of Carapa procera was tested on rats subjected to a high-calorie diet and the biochemical parameters were evaluated. In addition, a phytochemical characterization was carried out. \u0000Results: The high-calorie diet caused an increase in weight as well as an increase of glycemia. The aqueous extract of Carapa procera stabilized the glycemia. \u0000Conclusion: Aqueous extract of Carapa procera has an antihyperglycemic activity.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85988751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i1248
Bonface O. Shikuku, S. Kiruki, E. Kuria, Domnic Mayo, F. Ogolla
The escalating concern over antibiotic resistance and its profound impact on public health have underscored the urgent need to explore alternative reservoirs of antimicrobial agents. In this regard, Actinomycetes have emerged as a compelling area of investigation due to their remarkable capacity to produce bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the influence of pH and various carbon and nitrogen sources on the antibacterial activity of Actinomycetes isolates collected from Lake Elementaita and River Tana. By examining the effects of these factors, we aimed to gain insights into the optimization of growth conditions and nutrient availability to enhance the production of bioactive compounds with potent antibacterial properties. The Actinomycetes isolates used in this study were from Lake Elementaita and River Tana, known for their diverse ecological characteristics and potential as sources of bioactive compounds. The isolates were subjected to morphological, biochemical, and molecular techniques to ensure accurate identification. To assess the antibacterial activity of the Actinomycetes isolates, they were tested against E. coli using the agar well diffusion method. The independent variables examined in this study were pH levels (4, 7, and 9) as well as different carbon sources (fructose and sucrose) and nitrogen sources (urea and sodium nitrate). The diameter of the inhibition zones served as the dependent variable. The data collected on the effects of pH and nutrients on the inhibition zones of Actinomycetes isolates were subjected to statistical analysis. One-way ANOVA was performed to assess significant differences in antibacterial activity among the isolates under different carbon and nitrogen preference. Mean values were compared using the LSD test at a significance level (α) of 0.05. Furthermore, the Kruskal-Wallis test was utilized to analyze the pH preferences of the Actinomycetes isolates at a significance level (α) of 0.05. The results showed that pH significantly influenced the bioactivity of the Actinomycetes isolates, with pH 7 exhibiting the highest inhibition zones against E. coli. The isolates displayed varied antibacterial activities depending on the carbon and nitrogen sources provided. Sucrose was the most preferred carbon source, followed by fructose, while urea was the preferred nitrogen source, followed by sodium nitrate. The study concluded that pH and nutrient availability play crucial roles in determining the antibacterial activity of Actinomycetes isolates. Other than contributing to our in-depth understanding of the factors influencing the antimicrobial potential of Actinomycetes, the results of this study highlight the importance of optimizing growth conditions and nutrient availability to enhance the production of bioactive compounds with potent antibacterial properties. Further investigations and exploration of Actinomycetes from diverse environments are recommended to discover new bioactive
{"title":"Effect of pH, Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on Antibiotic Production by Actinomycetes Isolates from River Tana and Lake Elementaita, Kenya","authors":"Bonface O. Shikuku, S. Kiruki, E. Kuria, Domnic Mayo, F. Ogolla","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i1248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i1248","url":null,"abstract":"The escalating concern over antibiotic resistance and its profound impact on public health have underscored the urgent need to explore alternative reservoirs of antimicrobial agents. In this regard, Actinomycetes have emerged as a compelling area of investigation due to their remarkable capacity to produce bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the influence of pH and various carbon and nitrogen sources on the antibacterial activity of Actinomycetes isolates collected from Lake Elementaita and River Tana. By examining the effects of these factors, we aimed to gain insights into the optimization of growth conditions and nutrient availability to enhance the production of bioactive compounds with potent antibacterial properties. The Actinomycetes isolates used in this study were from Lake Elementaita and River Tana, known for their diverse ecological characteristics and potential as sources of bioactive compounds. The isolates were subjected to morphological, biochemical, and molecular techniques to ensure accurate identification. To assess the antibacterial activity of the Actinomycetes isolates, they were tested against E. coli using the agar well diffusion method. The independent variables examined in this study were pH levels (4, 7, and 9) as well as different carbon sources (fructose and sucrose) and nitrogen sources (urea and sodium nitrate). The diameter of the inhibition zones served as the dependent variable. The data collected on the effects of pH and nutrients on the inhibition zones of Actinomycetes isolates were subjected to statistical analysis. One-way ANOVA was performed to assess significant differences in antibacterial activity among the isolates under different carbon and nitrogen preference. Mean values were compared using the LSD test at a significance level (α) of 0.05. Furthermore, the Kruskal-Wallis test was utilized to analyze the pH preferences of the Actinomycetes isolates at a significance level (α) of 0.05. The results showed that pH significantly influenced the bioactivity of the Actinomycetes isolates, with pH 7 exhibiting the highest inhibition zones against E. coli. The isolates displayed varied antibacterial activities depending on the carbon and nitrogen sources provided. Sucrose was the most preferred carbon source, followed by fructose, while urea was the preferred nitrogen source, followed by sodium nitrate. The study concluded that pH and nutrient availability play crucial roles in determining the antibacterial activity of Actinomycetes isolates. Other than contributing to our in-depth understanding of the factors influencing the antimicrobial potential of Actinomycetes, the results of this study highlight the importance of optimizing growth conditions and nutrient availability to enhance the production of bioactive compounds with potent antibacterial properties. Further investigations and exploration of Actinomycetes from diverse environments are recommended to discover new bioactive ","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76263865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i1247
Bonface O. Shikuku, S. Kiruki, Eric K Kuria, M. Mutembei, Ogolla O. Fredrick
The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become a global health concern, necessitating the search for novel sources of antibiotics. Actinomycetes, a group of microorganisms, have been known for their ability to produce bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and characterize antibiotic-producing Actinomycetes from River Tana and Lake Elementaita. Samples were collected from the study sites, and Actinomycetes were isolated using serial dilution and spread plate techniques. The isolates were characterized based on their morphological and biochemical properties. Furthermore, their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method. The zones of inhibition were measured (mm), and analysis was done to compare the activity of the isolates using Kruskal Wallis test and medians compared using Wilcoxon with Bonferroni correction at alpha = 0.05 in SAS version 9.4. Analysis of DNA sequences was done using the BLAST program and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA X version 11. Biochemical tests revealed positive results for catalase, indole, oxidase, and citrate utilization, while coagulase and methyl red tests were negative. In terms of antibacterial activity, 54.5% of the isolates showed activity against E. coli, 45.5% against S. aureus, and 45.5% against S. typhi. Isolate LEL2201 had significant (p < 0.05) higher zone of inhibition against S. aureus (inhibition zone of 25.0mm), while isolate RT2201 exhibited the highest activity against E. coli and S. typhi (inhibition zone of 8.5 mm and 8.6 mm, respectively). Molecular characterization through 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified the isolates as belonging to the Actinobacterium order. Phylogenetic analysis revealed their similarity to known Actinomycetes species including Actinomycetales bacterium, Streptomyces intermedius and Streptomyces flavomacrosporus from various countries. The findings of this study demonstrate the presence of antibiotic-producing Actinomycetes in River Tana and Lake Elementaita. Thus, further investigations are warranted to identify and characterize the specific antibacterial compounds produced by these isolates.
耐抗生素细菌的增加已经成为一个全球性的健康问题，有必要寻找新的抗生素来源。放线菌是一组微生物，以其产生具有抗菌特性的生物活性化合物的能力而闻名。本研究旨在分离、鉴定和表征来自塔纳河和埃莱门塔湖的产抗生素放线菌。从研究地点收集样本，使用连续稀释和扩散板技术分离放线菌。根据其形态和生化特性对分离菌株进行了鉴定。采用琼脂孔扩散法测定其对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和伤寒沙门菌的抑菌活性。测定抑制区(mm)，采用Kruskal Wallis检验比较分离株的活性，采用SAS 9.4版本中α = 0.05的Wilcoxon和Bonferroni校正比较中位数。使用BLAST程序进行DNA序列分析，并使用MEGA X version 11构建系统发育树。生化测试显示过氧化氢酶、吲哚、氧化酶和柠檬酸利用率呈阳性，而凝固酶和甲基红测试呈阴性。抑菌活性方面，对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和伤寒葡萄球菌的抑菌活性分别为54.5%、45.5%和45.5%。分离物LEL2201对金黄色葡萄球菌具有较高的抑制区(25.0mm)，而分离物RT2201对大肠杆菌和伤寒葡萄球菌具有最高的抑制区(分别为8.5 mm和8.6 mm)。通过16S rRNA基因测序鉴定分离物属于放线菌目。系统发育分析表明，它们与各国已知放线菌属(放线菌属)、中间链霉菌(Streptomyces intermedius)和黄大孢子链霉菌(Streptomyces flavomacrosporus)相似。本研究结果表明，塔纳河和埃莱门塔湖存在产生抗生素的放线菌。因此，需要进一步的研究来鉴定和表征这些分离物产生的特定抗菌化合物。
{"title":"Characterization of Antibiotic-producing Actinomycetes Isolated from River Tana and Lake Elementaita in Kenya","authors":"Bonface O. Shikuku, S. Kiruki, Eric K Kuria, M. Mutembei, Ogolla O. Fredrick","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i1247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i1247","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become a global health concern, necessitating the search for novel sources of antibiotics. Actinomycetes, a group of microorganisms, have been known for their ability to produce bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and characterize antibiotic-producing Actinomycetes from River Tana and Lake Elementaita. Samples were collected from the study sites, and Actinomycetes were isolated using serial dilution and spread plate techniques. The isolates were characterized based on their morphological and biochemical properties. Furthermore, their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method. The zones of inhibition were measured (mm), and analysis was done to compare the activity of the isolates using Kruskal Wallis test and medians compared using Wilcoxon with Bonferroni correction at alpha = 0.05 in SAS version 9.4. Analysis of DNA sequences was done using the BLAST program and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA X version 11. Biochemical tests revealed positive results for catalase, indole, oxidase, and citrate utilization, while coagulase and methyl red tests were negative. In terms of antibacterial activity, 54.5% of the isolates showed activity against E. coli, 45.5% against S. aureus, and 45.5% against S. typhi. Isolate LEL2201 had significant (p < 0.05) higher zone of inhibition against S. aureus (inhibition zone of 25.0mm), while isolate RT2201 exhibited the highest activity against E. coli and S. typhi (inhibition zone of 8.5 mm and 8.6 mm, respectively). Molecular characterization through 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified the isolates as belonging to the Actinobacterium order. Phylogenetic analysis revealed their similarity to known Actinomycetes species including Actinomycetales bacterium, Streptomyces intermedius and Streptomyces flavomacrosporus from various countries. The findings of this study demonstrate the presence of antibiotic-producing Actinomycetes in River Tana and Lake Elementaita. Thus, further investigations are warranted to identify and characterize the specific antibacterial compounds produced by these isolates.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73171610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i1246
Adugbe Abigail, Vongdip Nanman Godwin, Obot Blessing Uduakobong, Carol. D. Luka
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent high blood glucose level. Flaxseed is one of the functional foods used in the management of diabetes mellitus. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of different fractions of Flaxseed on albino diabetic rats, and diabetes was induced using streptozotocin. The fractions were obtained using solvents with increasing polarity, namely n-Hexane, Ethylacetate, Methanol, and Water. The presence of various phytochemicals, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, balsam, carbohydrates, phenols, and resins, were identified. The phytochemical analysis revealed that the methanolic fraction contained the highest concentration of bioactive components, followed by the aqueous fraction. Significant reductions in blood glucose levels were observed across the groups treated with the Flaxseed fractions. The methanolic fraction exhibited the highest antihyperglycemic property (5.90±0.536), followed by the aqueous fraction (8.73±0.536). The hexane fraction ranked next to the aqueous fraction (20.50±1.617), while the ethylacetate fraction had the least antihyperglycemic effect (23.60±0.731). However, the protein and albumin biomarkers showed significant increase across all treatment groups. The Flaxseed fractions also demonstrated antihyperlipidemic properties, with the methanolic fraction being the most potent. Additionally, the treatment groups exhibited improved kidney function biomarkers, serum enzyme levels, and electrolyte levels. Based on the results of this investigation, Flaxseed proves to be a potent antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic food. Moreover, the methanolic fraction demonstrated the greatest ameliorative effect, followed by the aqueous fraction.
{"title":"Determination of Antihypergycemic Effect of Flaxseed (L. usititatissimum) Fractions on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats","authors":"Adugbe Abigail, Vongdip Nanman Godwin, Obot Blessing Uduakobong, Carol. D. Luka","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i1246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i1246","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent high blood glucose level. Flaxseed is one of the functional foods used in the management of diabetes mellitus. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of different fractions of Flaxseed on albino diabetic rats, and diabetes was induced using streptozotocin. The fractions were obtained using solvents with increasing polarity, namely n-Hexane, Ethylacetate, Methanol, and Water. The presence of various phytochemicals, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, balsam, carbohydrates, phenols, and resins, were identified. The phytochemical analysis revealed that the methanolic fraction contained the highest concentration of bioactive components, followed by the aqueous fraction. Significant reductions in blood glucose levels were observed across the groups treated with the Flaxseed fractions. The methanolic fraction exhibited the highest antihyperglycemic property (5.90±0.536), followed by the aqueous fraction (8.73±0.536). The hexane fraction ranked next to the aqueous fraction (20.50±1.617), while the ethylacetate fraction had the least antihyperglycemic effect (23.60±0.731). However, the protein and albumin biomarkers showed significant increase across all treatment groups. The Flaxseed fractions also demonstrated antihyperlipidemic properties, with the methanolic fraction being the most potent. Additionally, the treatment groups exhibited improved kidney function biomarkers, serum enzyme levels, and electrolyte levels. Based on the results of this investigation, Flaxseed proves to be a potent antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic food. Moreover, the methanolic fraction demonstrated the greatest ameliorative effect, followed by the aqueous fraction.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83144293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-14DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i1245
Mustapha Mohammed Ahmed, B. Muhammad, M. Zaruwa, S. O. Ajiboso
Mining activities are usually associated with environmental pollution and the infiltration of toxic heavy metals into waterways which could be absorbed by plants or used by inhabitants. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of mining activities on some biochemical parameters of Opanda-Ugya inhabitants, Toto Local government of Nigeria. Four hundred and fifty (450) people were interviewed using questionnaires. Eighty (80) of them were carefully grouped into four: Group 1(20 Control), Group 2 (20 inhabitants), Group 3 (20 indirect miners) Group 4 (20 direct miners). The Survey discovered some symptoms that could be associated with heavy metal toxicity among the inhabitants. Biochemical assay of blood samples revealed no significant (P ˃0.05) increase in Serum ALT, AST and Total bilirubin in groups 2, 3 and 4 when compared to control, but a decrease in TP. Serum creatinine levels increased significantly in group 3 when compared to the control. Both creatinine and urea levels elevated significantly in group 2 and group 4 when compared with the control. The result of Oxidative stress markers has indicated a significant increase in the levels of MDA with a concomitant decrease in the levels of GSH in groups 2, 3 and 4 compared to the control. The AChE activity in groups 2, 3 and 4 significantly increased when compared to the control. The levels of CRP increased significantly in groups 3 and 4 when compared to the control. We conclude that the neurological and other disorders observed in some participants could be attributed to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress induced by heavy metal toxicity, thus something should be done by the necessary authority to curtail the long-time effect of Mining activities in this community.
{"title":"Effect of Mining Activities on Some Biochemical Parameters of Opanda-Ugya Inhabitants, Toto Local Government of Nigeria","authors":"Mustapha Mohammed Ahmed, B. Muhammad, M. Zaruwa, S. O. Ajiboso","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i1245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i1245","url":null,"abstract":"Mining activities are usually associated with environmental pollution and the infiltration of toxic heavy metals into waterways which could be absorbed by plants or used by inhabitants. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of mining activities on some biochemical parameters of Opanda-Ugya inhabitants, Toto Local government of Nigeria. Four hundred and fifty (450) people were interviewed using questionnaires. Eighty (80) of them were carefully grouped into four: Group 1(20 Control), Group 2 (20 inhabitants), Group 3 (20 indirect miners) Group 4 (20 direct miners). The Survey discovered some symptoms that could be associated with heavy metal toxicity among the inhabitants. Biochemical assay of blood samples revealed no significant (P ˃0.05) increase in Serum ALT, AST and Total bilirubin in groups 2, 3 and 4 when compared to control, but a decrease in TP. Serum creatinine levels increased significantly in group 3 when compared to the control. Both creatinine and urea levels elevated significantly in group 2 and group 4 when compared with the control. The result of Oxidative stress markers has indicated a significant increase in the levels of MDA with a concomitant decrease in the levels of GSH in groups 2, 3 and 4 compared to the control. The AChE activity in groups 2, 3 and 4 significantly increased when compared to the control. The levels of CRP increased significantly in groups 3 and 4 when compared to the control. We conclude that the neurological and other disorders observed in some participants could be attributed to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress induced by heavy metal toxicity, thus something should be done by the necessary authority to curtail the long-time effect of Mining activities in this community.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87294863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-09DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i4244
Vongdip Nanman Godwin, Adugbe Abigail, Obot Blessing Uduakobong, Carol. D. Luka
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent high glucose level. Linum usitatissimum (flaxseed) which is rich in fibre and essential fatty acid is one of the functional foods used in management of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of L. usititatissimum seed leaf and stem on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats to see which part is more potent in the management of diabetes. Thirty (30) albino rats weighing 170-200g were used for this study and diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 55mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin. The albino rats were randomly divided into six (6) groups which are as follows: Group A; normal control, B; diabetic control group, C; standard drug (Glibenclamide), D-F were adminstered different parts of crude plants extract. The phytochemistry analysis showed that the seed possessed more bioactive component followed by the leaf and lastly the stem. The phytochemical present in Linum usitatissimum include: alkaloid, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpene, steroid, balsam, carbohydrate and phenol. Across the groups that received crude aqueous extract of L. usititatissimum was a significant reduction of blood glucose level, however, the seed (6.60 ± 2.450bc) showed more significant difference when compared to the leaf (7.65 ± 1.100bc) and stem (7.95 ± 2.650bc) respectively. On the other hand, the protein and albumin biomarkers were significantly (P ≤0.005) increased across groups. Crude aqueous extract of L. usititatissimum also showed antihyperlidemic properties, improved serum enzymes and electrolytes levels. There was also significant positive impact on hematological parameters. In accordance with the results of this investigation, L. Usititatissimum seed part is a more potent antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic agent on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats although, the leaf and stem also demonstrated significant positive impact on biochemical and haematological parameters. This positive result might be as result of various phytochemical component present in the plant.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Antidiabetic Effect of Aqueous Crude Extract of Seed, Leaf and Stem of Linum usitatissimum on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats","authors":"Vongdip Nanman Godwin, Adugbe Abigail, Obot Blessing Uduakobong, Carol. D. Luka","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i4244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i4244","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent high glucose level. Linum usitatissimum (flaxseed) which is rich in fibre and essential fatty acid is one of the functional foods used in management of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of L. usititatissimum seed leaf and stem on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats to see which part is more potent in the management of diabetes. Thirty (30) albino rats weighing 170-200g were used for this study and diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 55mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin. The albino rats were randomly divided into six (6) groups which are as follows: Group A; normal control, B; diabetic control group, C; standard drug (Glibenclamide), D-F were adminstered different parts of crude plants extract. The phytochemistry analysis showed that the seed possessed more bioactive component followed by the leaf and lastly the stem. The phytochemical present in Linum usitatissimum include: alkaloid, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpene, steroid, balsam, carbohydrate and phenol. Across the groups that received crude aqueous extract of L. usititatissimum was a significant reduction of blood glucose level, however, the seed (6.60 ± 2.450bc) showed more significant difference when compared to the leaf (7.65 ± 1.100bc) and stem (7.95 ± 2.650bc) respectively. On the other hand, the protein and albumin biomarkers were significantly (P ≤0.005) increased across groups. Crude aqueous extract of L. usititatissimum also showed antihyperlidemic properties, improved serum enzymes and electrolytes levels. There was also significant positive impact on hematological parameters. In accordance with the results of this investigation, L. Usititatissimum seed part is a more potent antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic agent on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats although, the leaf and stem also demonstrated significant positive impact on biochemical and haematological parameters. This positive result might be as result of various phytochemical component present in the plant.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83658724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i4243
U. L. Onyebuchi-Ogwuegbu, D. I. Ukairo, C. Ibegbulem
There have been acclaimed medicinal benefits of palm oil and palm kernel oil by rural dwellers in the southeastern part of Nigeria. The study investigated the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant properties of the different varieties of the oil using standard methods. The oil samples include: DPO (dura palm oil), TPO (tenera palm oil), NDPKO (dura native palm kernel oil), NTPKO (native tenera palm kernel oil), HDPKO (dura palm kernel oil of hexane extract) and HTPKO (tenera palm kernel oil of hexane extract). Results obtained revealed the presence of steroids, glycosides, terpenoids, triterpenes and phenolics in all the oil samples whereas saponins, flavonoids and coumarins were only detected in DPO, TPO and NDPKO. The result of the quantitative phytochemical analysis of the oil samples showed that NDPKO statistically had the highest contents of terpenoids (1.77 ± 0.14 mg/kg) and triterpenes (288.50 ± 23.30 mg/100g). Saponins, flavonoids and coumarins were highest in DPO with values corresponding to 1.00 ± 0.001 mg/kg, 308.30 ± 1.81 mg/100g and 43.98 ± 0.13 µg/100g respectively. Furthermore, NTPKO was found to have the highest content of steroids (150.40 ± 0.24 mg/100g) while TPO had the highest content of glycosides (9.01 ± 0.07 mg/100g) and phenolics (45.04 ± 0.12 mg/100g) at p<0.05. TPO had the highest content of β-carotene (2.06 ± 0.00 mg/100ml) and vitamin A (105.60 ± 0.15 IU/100ml) but had the lowest vitamin E content (3.73± 0.30 µg/ml) whereas HTPKO had the highest (p<0.05) content of vitamin E (4.67 ± 0.03 µg/ml) among the oil samples. NTPKO had the highest FRAP (780.00 ± 1.82 µg/100g) while DPO had the least (p<0.05) FRAP (601.30 ± 0.91 µg/100g). The oil samples exhibited a concentration-dependent increase (p<0.05) in percentage inhibition of DPPH free radical showing an antioxidant capacity of about 70-80%. The results obtained from the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of the oil samples showed significant positive effects thus justifying their ethnomedical use.
{"title":"Assessment of the Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Properties of Oils from Dura and Tenera Varieties of Elaeis guineensis Fruits","authors":"U. L. Onyebuchi-Ogwuegbu, D. I. Ukairo, C. Ibegbulem","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i4243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i4243","url":null,"abstract":"There have been acclaimed medicinal benefits of palm oil and palm kernel oil by rural dwellers in the southeastern part of Nigeria. The study investigated the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant properties of the different varieties of the oil using standard methods. The oil samples include: DPO (dura palm oil), TPO (tenera palm oil), NDPKO (dura native palm kernel oil), NTPKO (native tenera palm kernel oil), HDPKO (dura palm kernel oil of hexane extract) and HTPKO (tenera palm kernel oil of hexane extract). Results obtained revealed the presence of steroids, glycosides, terpenoids, triterpenes and phenolics in all the oil samples whereas saponins, flavonoids and coumarins were only detected in DPO, TPO and NDPKO. The result of the quantitative phytochemical analysis of the oil samples showed that NDPKO statistically had the highest contents of terpenoids (1.77 ± 0.14 mg/kg) and triterpenes (288.50 ± 23.30 mg/100g). Saponins, flavonoids and coumarins were highest in DPO with values corresponding to 1.00 ± 0.001 mg/kg, 308.30 ± 1.81 mg/100g and 43.98 ± 0.13 µg/100g respectively. Furthermore, NTPKO was found to have the highest content of steroids (150.40 ± 0.24 mg/100g) while TPO had the highest content of glycosides (9.01 ± 0.07 mg/100g) and phenolics (45.04 ± 0.12 mg/100g) at p<0.05. TPO had the highest content of β-carotene (2.06 ± 0.00 mg/100ml) and vitamin A (105.60 ± 0.15 IU/100ml) but had the lowest vitamin E content (3.73± 0.30 µg/ml) whereas HTPKO had the highest (p<0.05) content of vitamin E (4.67 ± 0.03 µg/ml) among the oil samples. NTPKO had the highest FRAP (780.00 ± 1.82 µg/100g) while DPO had the least (p<0.05) FRAP (601.30 ± 0.91 µg/100g). The oil samples exhibited a concentration-dependent increase (p<0.05) in percentage inhibition of DPPH free radical showing an antioxidant capacity of about 70-80%. The results obtained from the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of the oil samples showed significant positive effects thus justifying their ethnomedical use.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78612416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i4242
Reji Kurien Thomas
The study conducted on interactive time-series cluster analysis has shed light on the dynamic nature of the interaction that exists between metabolites and the activities that occur within living organisms. Integration of metabolomic data with pathways that had been disrupted was the method that was used to achieve this goal. We investigated the significance of metabolomics in biological systems, the fundamentals and applications of time-series cluster analysis, and the connection between metabolomic data and pathways that have been altered in the various sections of this research paper, such as the introduction, the literature review, the methodology, the results, the discussion, and the recommendations. These sections include: the introduction; the literature review; the methodology; the results; the discussion; and the recommendations. The introduction, the literature review, the methodology, the results, the discussion, and the suggestions are included in these parts.
{"title":"Using Interactive Time-series Cluster Analysis to Relate Metabolomic Data with Perturbed Pathways","authors":"Reji Kurien Thomas","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i4242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i4242","url":null,"abstract":"The study conducted on interactive time-series cluster analysis has shed light on the dynamic nature of the interaction that exists between metabolites and the activities that occur within living organisms. Integration of metabolomic data with pathways that had been disrupted was the method that was used to achieve this goal. We investigated the significance of metabolomics in biological systems, the fundamentals and applications of time-series cluster analysis, and the connection between metabolomic data and pathways that have been altered in the various sections of this research paper, such as the introduction, the literature review, the methodology, the results, the discussion, and the recommendations. These sections include: the introduction; the literature review; the methodology; the results; the discussion; and the recommendations. The introduction, the literature review, the methodology, the results, the discussion, and the suggestions are included in these parts.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77383432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i4241
A. Ibezute, Reuben Oberhiri Eshogba
Aims: This study assess the haematopeotic potentials of Telfairia occidentalis (TO) leaf extract on male wistar rat. Methodology: A total of 20 wistar rats randomly distributed into four groups A to D were acclimatized for two weeks; group A served as control, while groups B C and D were gavaged 100 mg/kg b/w (UGU 1), 150 mg/kg b/w (UGU 2), 250 mg/kg b/w (UGU 3) of aqueous extract of TO respectively, once every 48 hours for 30 consecutive days. After the exposure period, the surviving rats were examined and sacrificed. Blood samples were collected for full blood count and blood film preparation. Results: The result of the study showed that TO casued an increase in white blood cell count (17.50±0.10 - 25.48±1.28 ×109cells/L), lymphocyte (2.45±1.35 - 15.86±2.66 ×109cells/L), mid-sized cell (3.38±0.42 – 4.61±0.60 ×109cells/L) and granulocyte (1.67±0.80 – 5.11±0.80 ×109cells/L) when compared to the Control. There was equally an increase in the platelet count (420.50±56.50 - 810.95±43.05× 109 cells/L) and platetocrit (0.33±0.05 – 0.58±0.03 ×109cells/L) when compared to the Control. However, there was a reduction in the red blood count (7.76.±0.06 - 6.28±0.25 ×109cells/L), haemoglobin (16.67±0.37 – 12.18±0.58 ×109cells/L) and hematocrit (41.47±0.27 – 33.55±1.25 ×109cells/L) of rats in treated group), (6.92±0.34 ×109cells/L) and when compared with the Control. Conclusion: This present study have validated the haematopeotic potential of Telfairia occidentalis leaf extract as it improved the haematological parameters of male wistar rats. The antioxidants exerted a multitude of beneficial effect on cellular functions of both innate and adaptive immune system.
{"title":"Assessment of the Hematopoietic Potential of Telfairia occidentalis Leaf Extract of on Male Wistar Rats","authors":"A. Ibezute, Reuben Oberhiri Eshogba","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i4241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i4241","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study assess the haematopeotic potentials of Telfairia occidentalis (TO) leaf extract on male wistar rat. \u0000Methodology: A total of 20 wistar rats randomly distributed into four groups A to D were acclimatized for two weeks; group A served as control, while groups B C and D were gavaged 100 mg/kg b/w (UGU 1), 150 mg/kg b/w (UGU 2), 250 mg/kg b/w (UGU 3) of aqueous extract of TO respectively, once every 48 hours for 30 consecutive days. After the exposure period, the surviving rats were examined and sacrificed. Blood samples were collected for full blood count and blood film preparation. \u0000Results: The result of the study showed that TO casued an increase in white blood cell count (17.50±0.10 - 25.48±1.28 ×109cells/L), lymphocyte (2.45±1.35 - 15.86±2.66 ×109cells/L), mid-sized cell (3.38±0.42 – 4.61±0.60 ×109cells/L) and granulocyte (1.67±0.80 – 5.11±0.80 ×109cells/L) when compared to the Control. There was equally an increase in the platelet count (420.50±56.50 - 810.95±43.05× 109 cells/L) and platetocrit (0.33±0.05 – 0.58±0.03 ×109cells/L) when compared to the Control. However, there was a reduction in the red blood count (7.76.±0.06 - 6.28±0.25 ×109cells/L), haemoglobin (16.67±0.37 – 12.18±0.58 ×109cells/L) and hematocrit (41.47±0.27 – 33.55±1.25 ×109cells/L) of rats in treated group), (6.92±0.34 ×109cells/L) and when compared with the Control. \u0000Conclusion: This present study have validated the haematopeotic potential of Telfairia occidentalis leaf extract as it improved the haematological parameters of male wistar rats. The antioxidants exerted a multitude of beneficial effect on cellular functions of both innate and adaptive immune system.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86199828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-12DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i4240
M. Chukwu, J. Adisa, U. Mohammed, A. Aliu, U. Abubakar
Introduction: Obesity has emerged as a major health problem and risk factor for various disorders worldwide. Obesity has been defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation triggered by disproportion in energy intake than expenditure. Obesity is a non-communicable medical disorder that has largely been accepted as a reflection of healthy living and affluence among Nigerians. It is usually defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the histopathological and biochemical effect of Moringa olerifera aqueous leaf extract on obesity induced albino rat. Methodology: A total number of 25 healthy albino rats were used. The group 1 served as negative control group consisting of 5 rats including, they were given water ad libitum and were fed with standard rat chow for 12 weeks. The group 2 consist of 5 rats, received water ad libitum and were administered orally with high-fat diet in the dose of 1ml daily of mixture of melted pig fat and hydrogenated vegetable oil in 3:2 ratio respectively for 12weeks and also fed with a standard rat chow and served as obese positive control group. The group 3 also consist of 5 rats, served as standard control group in which they were fed orally with high fat diet in a dose of 1ml of mixture of melted pig fat and hydrogenated vegetable oil in 3:2 ratio for 6 weeks and were orally administered standard drug orlistat 12mg/kg body weight daily for another 6 weeks. While group 4 and group 5 have 5 rats each received water and were administered orally with melted pig fat and hydrogenated vegetable oil 1ml daily for 6 weeks and standard rat chow after 6 weeks of feeding, moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract in a dose of 200mg/kgbwt and 400mg/kgbwt respectively, daily for another 6 weeks the dose of extract chosen were based on the result of acute toxicity (LD50) study conducted. Results: The LD50 of M. oleifera is more than 5000mg/kgbwt as all doses below this incurred zero percentage of death among all groups of rats, shows no toxicity or mortality recorded after 24 hours all the animals in both Phase I and Phase II. The biochemical Parameters of Liver shows that there was no statistical significant difference in results of the parameters of all the groups when compared among the groups. Liver section shows hepatic fatty deposition when compared with control group. While A Group1 and B Group 4 Treated 200mg/kg shows no hepatic fatty deposition in hepatocytes and central vein. So also in A Group 1 and B Group 5 Treated 400mg/kg shows normal hepatocytes and central vein. Conclusion: This study shows that Moringa oleifera leaf extract possesses anti-hepatic fatty deposition properties like that of selected standard drugs. At higher acceptable dose of Moringa oleifera demonstrated better anti-obesity properties with the selected standard drugs. Hence, leaf extract of Moringa. oleifera is beneficial in the management of dietary obesity.
{"title":"Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Aqueou Extract on Histology of Liver and Its Biochemical Parameters in Heigher Fat Diets Induced Obesity in Wistar Rats","authors":"M. Chukwu, J. Adisa, U. Mohammed, A. Aliu, U. Abubakar","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i4240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i4240","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Obesity has emerged as a major health problem and risk factor for various disorders worldwide. Obesity has been defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation triggered by disproportion in energy intake than expenditure. Obesity is a non-communicable medical disorder that has largely been accepted as a reflection of healthy living and affluence among Nigerians. It is usually defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2. \u0000Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the histopathological and biochemical effect of Moringa olerifera aqueous leaf extract on obesity induced albino rat. \u0000Methodology: A total number of 25 healthy albino rats were used. The group 1 served as negative control group consisting of 5 rats including, they were given water ad libitum and were fed with standard rat chow for 12 weeks. The group 2 consist of 5 rats, received water ad libitum and were administered orally with high-fat diet in the dose of 1ml daily of mixture of melted pig fat and hydrogenated vegetable oil in 3:2 ratio respectively for 12weeks and also fed with a standard rat chow and served as obese positive control group. The group 3 also consist of 5 rats, served as standard control group in which they were fed orally with high fat diet in a dose of 1ml of mixture of melted pig fat and hydrogenated vegetable oil in 3:2 ratio for 6 weeks and were orally administered standard drug orlistat 12mg/kg body weight daily for another 6 weeks. While group 4 and group 5 have 5 rats each received water and were administered orally with melted pig fat and hydrogenated vegetable oil 1ml daily for 6 weeks and standard rat chow after 6 weeks of feeding, moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract in a dose of 200mg/kgbwt and 400mg/kgbwt respectively, daily for another 6 weeks the dose of extract chosen were based on the result of acute toxicity (LD50) study conducted. \u0000Results: The LD50 of M. oleifera is more than 5000mg/kgbwt as all doses below this incurred zero percentage of death among all groups of rats, shows no toxicity or mortality recorded after 24 hours all the animals in both Phase I and Phase II. The biochemical Parameters of Liver shows that there was no statistical significant difference in results of the parameters of all the groups when compared among the groups. Liver section shows hepatic fatty deposition when compared with control group. While A Group1 and B Group 4 Treated 200mg/kg shows no hepatic fatty deposition in hepatocytes and central vein. So also in A Group 1 and B Group 5 Treated 400mg/kg shows normal hepatocytes and central vein. \u0000Conclusion: This study shows that Moringa oleifera leaf extract possesses anti-hepatic fatty deposition properties like that of selected standard drugs. At higher acceptable dose of Moringa oleifera demonstrated better anti-obesity properties with the selected standard drugs. Hence, leaf extract of Moringa. oleifera is beneficial in the management of dietary obesity.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74855732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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