Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i4271
Md. Rockibul Islam, Shanawaz Ahmed, Sumaiya Islam Sadia, Amit Kumar Sarkar, Md. Ashraful Alam
Introduction: The term phytochemicals are plant-produced chemicals that are generated by primary or secondary metabolism. These are chemicals of plant origin. They have biological activity. The plant Cestrum nocturnum has great medicinal value. The phytochemicals such as proteins, amino acids, glycoside, phenolic compounds, and tannins can have been determined from this plant. Aims: Our goal is to describe phytochemical contents from Cestrum nocturnum and its application and significance in various purposes. Methodology: This investigation is done by using conventional extraction as well as microwave-assisted extraction. Results: The results show that the Cestrum nocturnum has different reactivity according to the pH of different materials present. The total ash content showed the presence of inorganic compounds. The ash content can be found to be 13.4%. The qualitative analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, and flavonoids in the species. It also contains many volatile compounds such as linalool (3.1%), benzaldehyde (2.5%), benzyl alcohol (2.4%) and many others. It also contains many antioxidant properties. Conclusions: The plant is cultivated as a medicinal plant. The extracts can be screened for biological activity and aqueous extract against E. coli, B. subtilis, S. typhi, S. aureus, tuberculosis, and malaria.
{"title":"Comprehensive Review of Phytochemical Content and Applications from Cestrum nocturnum: A Comparative Analysis of Physicochemical Aspects","authors":"Md. Rockibul Islam, Shanawaz Ahmed, Sumaiya Islam Sadia, Amit Kumar Sarkar, Md. Ashraful Alam","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i4271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i4271","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The term phytochemicals are plant-produced chemicals that are generated by primary or secondary metabolism. These are chemicals of plant origin. They have biological activity. The plant Cestrum nocturnum has great medicinal value. The phytochemicals such as proteins, amino acids, glycoside, phenolic compounds, and tannins can have been determined from this plant. Aims: Our goal is to describe phytochemical contents from Cestrum nocturnum and its application and significance in various purposes. Methodology: This investigation is done by using conventional extraction as well as microwave-assisted extraction. Results: The results show that the Cestrum nocturnum has different reactivity according to the pH of different materials present. The total ash content showed the presence of inorganic compounds. The ash content can be found to be 13.4%. The qualitative analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, and flavonoids in the species. It also contains many volatile compounds such as linalool (3.1%), benzaldehyde (2.5%), benzyl alcohol (2.4%) and many others. It also contains many antioxidant properties. Conclusions: The plant is cultivated as a medicinal plant. The extracts can be screened for biological activity and aqueous extract against E. coli, B. subtilis, S. typhi, S. aureus, tuberculosis, and malaria.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139150272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i4269
A. Rani, Ritika Rajpoot
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings differing in boron tolerance were grown in hydroponics containing varying boron concentration. (as boric acid) for 8 days. Yoshida Nutrient Solution (Yoshida et al.1976) served as control, whereas 0.5 mM boron (moderately toxic) and 1.5 mM boron (highly toxic). Boron excess (B) caused marked reduction in length, biomass and relative water content of the seedlings, with more reductions in B-sensitive cv. Malaviya-36 as compared with B-tolerant cv. Brown Gora. B-sensitive seedlings showed higher B uptake in roots and shoots compared to the tolerant. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed ultrastructural damage to the guard cells with excess boron. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) of rice leaves showed decline in concentration of P, S, Ca and Mg in seedlings on B treatment. Increased production of reactive oxygen species O2˙−, H2O2, lipid peroxides, alteration in activity of antioxidative enzymes and increased membrane permeability was observed in B treated seedlings compared to controls. Real time PCR analysis of stress regulatory genes indicated differential expression of SOD isoforms in the two sets of cultivars with B treatment. Interestingly seedlings of B-tolerant cultivar were characterized by higher level of expression of Fe-SOD and its further increased expression on B treatment. Results suggest that B toxicity involves ultrastructural and elemental changes, increased generation of ROS and altered antioxidative enzyme activities in rice seedlings and increased expression Fe-SOD isoform appears to be associated with B tolerance.
{"title":"Insight of Oxidative Stress, Ultrastructural Transformations, and Elemental Variations in Rice Seedlings Exposed to Boron Toxicity: Unraveling the Role of Fe-SOD in Boron Tolerance","authors":"A. Rani, Ritika Rajpoot","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i4269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i4269","url":null,"abstract":"Rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings differing in boron tolerance were grown in hydroponics containing varying boron concentration. (as boric acid) for 8 days. Yoshida Nutrient Solution (Yoshida et al.1976) served as control, whereas 0.5 mM boron (moderately toxic) and 1.5 mM boron (highly toxic). Boron excess (B) caused marked reduction in length, biomass and relative water content of the seedlings, with more reductions in B-sensitive cv. Malaviya-36 as compared with B-tolerant cv. Brown Gora. B-sensitive seedlings showed higher B uptake in roots and shoots compared to the tolerant. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed ultrastructural damage to the guard cells with excess boron. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) of rice leaves showed decline in concentration of P, S, Ca and Mg in seedlings on B treatment. Increased production of reactive oxygen species O2˙−, H2O2, lipid peroxides, alteration in activity of antioxidative enzymes and increased membrane permeability was observed in B treated seedlings compared to controls. Real time PCR analysis of stress regulatory genes indicated differential expression of SOD isoforms in the two sets of cultivars with B treatment. Interestingly seedlings of B-tolerant cultivar were characterized by higher level of expression of Fe-SOD and its further increased expression on B treatment. Results suggest that B toxicity involves ultrastructural and elemental changes, increased generation of ROS and altered antioxidative enzyme activities in rice seedlings and increased expression Fe-SOD isoform appears to be associated with B tolerance.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i4268
M. Raju, G. S. Priya, N. V. L. Suvarchala Reddy V., M. S. Reddy
AIM: The purpose of this study was to explore the possible mechanisms through which Trachyspermum ammi may be beneficial in managing diabetes by in vitro methods and to predict the potential bioactive constituent/s responsible for its anti-diabetic activity through in silico docking study. Study Design: This study engaged in vitro and in silico studies to investigate the enzyme inhibition assay and molecular docking studies of phytochemical constituents when compare with standard treatment. Place and Duration of Study: Gokaraju Rangaraju college of pharmacy, Bachupally, Hyderabad, India. December 2021-2022. Methodology: Methanolic leaf extract of Trachyspermum ammi was prepared using maceration extraction. Plant extract was evaluated for its in vitro anti-diabetic activity. Further, docking screening was performed using Mcule software to predict potential moiety which may be responsible for its anti-diabetic activity. Results: Maceration extraction resulted in extractive yield of 16.15%. The presence of phenolic and flavonoid components in extract (135.59 ± 8.87 GAE/gm and 62.1 ± 4.17 quercetin/gm) dried extract respectively. In vitro anti-diabetic assays revealed that anti-hyperglycaemic activity of this plant can be attributed to its high efficiency to inhibit α-amylase (69.7%) and glucosidase (62.23%) enzymatic activity and protein glycation assay (95.23%), which are well established targets for the management of diabetes. Further, through docking studies we predicted that Apigenin, luteolin, Germacrene D and γ-Tocopherol present in this plant might be responsible for the anti-diabetic properties exhibited by this plant. These results provide a scientific justification for the traditional anti-diabetic use of this plant Conclusion: It may control diabetes through lowering dietary glucose uptake. Predicted anti-diabetic molecules need to be screened further for the management of hyperglycemia. It may conclude that Trachyspermum ammi is an important vegetable with a potent source of natural antioxidants and antidiabetic activity justifying its traditional use in green therapeutics.
{"title":"Integrating In Silico and In vitro Approaches to Screen the Antidiabetic Properties from Trachyspermum ammi leaves","authors":"M. Raju, G. S. Priya, N. V. L. Suvarchala Reddy V., M. S. Reddy","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i4268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i4268","url":null,"abstract":"AIM: The purpose of this study was to explore the possible mechanisms through which Trachyspermum ammi may be beneficial in managing diabetes by in vitro methods and to predict the potential bioactive constituent/s responsible for its anti-diabetic activity through in silico docking study. \u0000Study Design: This study engaged in vitro and in silico studies to investigate the enzyme inhibition assay and molecular docking studies of phytochemical constituents when compare with standard treatment. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Gokaraju Rangaraju college of pharmacy, Bachupally, Hyderabad, India. December 2021-2022. \u0000Methodology: Methanolic leaf extract of Trachyspermum ammi was prepared using maceration extraction. Plant extract was evaluated for its in vitro anti-diabetic activity. Further, docking screening was performed using Mcule software to predict potential moiety which may be responsible for its anti-diabetic activity. \u0000Results: Maceration extraction resulted in extractive yield of 16.15%. The presence of phenolic and flavonoid components in extract (135.59 ± 8.87 GAE/gm and 62.1 ± 4.17 quercetin/gm) dried extract respectively. In vitro anti-diabetic assays revealed that anti-hyperglycaemic activity of this plant can be attributed to its high efficiency to inhibit α-amylase (69.7%) and glucosidase (62.23%) enzymatic activity and protein glycation assay (95.23%), which are well established targets for the management of diabetes. Further, through docking studies we predicted that Apigenin, luteolin, Germacrene D and γ-Tocopherol present in this plant might be responsible for the anti-diabetic properties exhibited by this plant. These results provide a scientific justification for the traditional anti-diabetic use of this plant \u0000Conclusion: It may control diabetes through lowering dietary glucose uptake. Predicted anti-diabetic molecules need to be screened further for the management of hyperglycemia. It may conclude that Trachyspermum ammi is an important vegetable with a potent source of natural antioxidants and antidiabetic activity justifying its traditional use in green therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138974914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i4267
Jean-François Sibri, Joel Akakpo-Akue, O. C. Okou, T. Kplé
Scientific interest in the search for natural antioxidants (secondary metabolites) in medicinal plants has increased considerably in recent years, as free radicals are at the root of many diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of aqueous and hydroethanol extracts from the leaves of a basic plant product consisting of equal quantities of Ficus capensis, Newbouldia laevis and Carpolobia lutea. Quantitative determination of antioxidant activity was based on the flavonoid content of the base plant product. It was assessed by DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl) reduction tests and ferric ion reducing power (FRAP). The results of this study showed that the hydro-ethanol extract of the basic plant product is richer in flavonoids than that of the aqueous extract. In addition, the ICs50 of the aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extracts of the base plant product with DPPH were 2.13 ± 0.01 µg/mL and 1.19 ± 0.03 µg/mL respectively. In the FRAP test, the reducing powers of the hydroethanolic extract were generally higher than those of the aqueous extract at all concentrations tested. Particularly at the high concentration of 10 µg/mL, the reducing powers of the aqueous and hydroethanol extracts of the base plant product are 435.86 ± 1.29 µg/mL and 453.68 ± 0.71 µg/mL respectively. The hydroethanol extract therefore has better antioxidant activity than the aqueous extract.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous and Hydro-Ethanolic Extracts of Ficus capensis, Newbouldia laevis and Carpolobia lutea","authors":"Jean-François Sibri, Joel Akakpo-Akue, O. C. Okou, T. Kplé","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i4267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i4267","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific interest in the search for natural antioxidants (secondary metabolites) in medicinal plants has increased considerably in recent years, as free radicals are at the root of many diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of aqueous and hydroethanol extracts from the leaves of a basic plant product consisting of equal quantities of Ficus capensis, Newbouldia laevis and Carpolobia lutea. Quantitative determination of antioxidant activity was based on the flavonoid content of the base plant product. It was assessed by DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl) reduction tests and ferric ion reducing power (FRAP). The results of this study showed that the hydro-ethanol extract of the basic plant product is richer in flavonoids than that of the aqueous extract. In addition, the ICs50 of the aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extracts of the base plant product with DPPH were 2.13 ± 0.01 µg/mL and 1.19 ± 0.03 µg/mL respectively. In the FRAP test, the reducing powers of the hydroethanolic extract were generally higher than those of the aqueous extract at all concentrations tested. Particularly at the high concentration of 10 µg/mL, the reducing powers of the aqueous and hydroethanol extracts of the base plant product are 435.86 ± 1.29 µg/mL and 453.68 ± 0.71 µg/mL respectively. The hydroethanol extract therefore has better antioxidant activity than the aqueous extract.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138593037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i4266
None Waratenne P. R., None Jayasiri A. P. A., None Manuha I. M.
Natural products are the good source of natural antioxidants. Nāgarādi panchakaya is a well-known poly-herbal formula prescribed specially for upper respiratory tract diseases by Sri Lankan Ayurveda medical practitioners. The name implies that it contains five herbal ingredients including Inguru (Zingiber officinale), Devadāra (Cedrus deodara), Kottammalli (Coriandrum sativum), Ela batu (Solanum indicum) and Katuwelbatu (Solanum xanthocarpum). This research study was aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of Nāgarādi panchakaya, extracted with different solvents (ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane and water). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay method and the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. In vitro antioxidant free radicals scavenging capacities of different concentrations of ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane and water extracts, of Nāgarādi panchakaya were evaluated. The percentage of inhibition and IC50 were calculated. IC50 (μg/mL) of water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane and Ascorbic Acid were found to be 179.89±1.25 µg /mL, 248.09±1.74 µg /mL, 169.43± 0.98µg /mL, 189.56±2.23 µg /mL, and 01.18±0.98 µg /mL respectively in DPPH radical scavenging assay. In FRAP assay the reducing power for the different extracts varied in following order: water > ethanol > ethyl acetate > n-hexane. The total Phenolic content of water, ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts were 1.73±0.51 mg GAE/g, 2.59±0.67 mg GAE/g, 3.67±0.81 mg GAE/g and 1.57±0.09 mg GAE/g respectively. The results can be concluded that Ethanol & water extracts exhibit high antioxidant activity possibly due to the presence of high phenolic content than the other extracts.
{"title":"Determination of Anti-oxidant Activity of Ethanol, Ethyl acetate, Hexane, and Aqueous Extracts of Sri Lankan Traditional Poly-herbal Formula Nāgarādi Panchakaya","authors":"None Waratenne P. R., None Jayasiri A. P. A., None Manuha I. M.","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i4266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i4266","url":null,"abstract":"Natural products are the good source of natural antioxidants. Nāgarādi panchakaya is a well-known poly-herbal formula prescribed specially for upper respiratory tract diseases by Sri Lankan Ayurveda medical practitioners. The name implies that it contains five herbal ingredients including Inguru (Zingiber officinale), Devadāra (Cedrus deodara), Kottammalli (Coriandrum sativum), Ela batu (Solanum indicum) and Katuwelbatu (Solanum xanthocarpum). This research study was aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of Nāgarādi panchakaya, extracted with different solvents (ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane and water). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay method and the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. In vitro antioxidant free radicals scavenging capacities of different concentrations of ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane and water extracts, of Nāgarādi panchakaya were evaluated. The percentage of inhibition and IC50 were calculated. IC50 (μg/mL) of water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane and Ascorbic Acid were found to be 179.89±1.25 µg /mL, 248.09±1.74 µg /mL, 169.43± 0.98µg /mL, 189.56±2.23 µg /mL, and 01.18±0.98 µg /mL respectively in DPPH radical scavenging assay. In FRAP assay the reducing power for the different extracts varied in following order: water > ethanol > ethyl acetate > n-hexane. The total Phenolic content of water, ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts were 1.73±0.51 mg GAE/g, 2.59±0.67 mg GAE/g, 3.67±0.81 mg GAE/g and 1.57±0.09 mg GAE/g respectively. The results can be concluded that Ethanol & water extracts exhibit high antioxidant activity possibly due to the presence of high phenolic content than the other extracts.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135345309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i3265
Maryann Nonye Nwafor, Ikimi Charles German, Emenike Benjamin Amadi, Abba Babandi, Asadu Chidinma Lilian, Whyte Jim Alalibo
Hyperlipidemia is the most prevalent indicator for susceptibility to atherosclerotic heart diseases. The present study investigated the hypolipidemic potential of Mangifera haden, Mangifera pirie and combined extracts of Mangifera haden and Mangifera pirie seeds in Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemic rats. Before the starting of the experiment, the animals were acclimatized to the laboratory conditions for a period of seven days. At the end of the acclimatization period, each rat was weighed and randomly divided into twelve groups of five animals each, comprising of test animals and control groups. Proximate analysis, toxicity studies, lipid profile parameters were determined in the study. The research study took place in the animal house of Biochemistry Department, University of Nigeria, Nsukka from July 2020 to August 2022. Proximate composition of Mangifera haden and Mangifera pirie seed extracts revealed that the (%) values of protein, lipid, crude fibre, ash, moisture, and carbohydrate are (4.82, 17.18, 4.29, 2.77, 8.39, 62.55) and (3.81, 20.20, 3.0, 1.0, 34.0, 37.99) respectively. Mangifera haden and Mangifera pirie were administered at different doses (200 mg, 300 mg, 500 mg) of the extracts per kilogram body weight of the animals while combined extract of Mangifera haden and Mangifera pirie were administered at 300 mg and 500 mg of the extract per kilogram body weight of the animals in Triton –Induced hyperlipidemic rats. Simvastatin and Atorvastatin were used as reference standards. Simvastatin was found to be an effective drug to Atorvastatin in lowering lipid profiles. The statistical analyses were carried out using one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons test. Mangifera haden, Mangifera pirie and combined extracts of both species show significant decrease (P = 0.05) in the levels of serum Total Cholesterol, triacylglycerols, VLDL-C, LDL-C, Atherogenic index (A.I) and significant increase (P = 0.05) of serum HDL-C against Triton-Induced hyperlipidemic rats. The result also suggest that at 200 mg/kg Mangifera pirie and 300 mg/kg Mangifera haden body weight concentrations are an excellent lipid lowering agent. Single administration of either Mangifera haden or Mangifera pirie effectively suppressed the Triton-Induced hyperlipidemia in rats than the combined extracts. The organic extracts (Mangifera haden or Mangifera pirie) exhibited quite hypolipidemic potential when compared with one of the reference drugs, Atorvastatin which indicates that the organic extracts could be explored as an alternative therapeutic agent in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
{"title":"Effects of Seed of Different Mango Cultivars in Triton X-100 Induced Hyperlipdemic Rats","authors":"Maryann Nonye Nwafor, Ikimi Charles German, Emenike Benjamin Amadi, Abba Babandi, Asadu Chidinma Lilian, Whyte Jim Alalibo","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i3265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i3265","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperlipidemia is the most prevalent indicator for susceptibility to atherosclerotic heart diseases. The present study investigated the hypolipidemic potential of Mangifera haden, Mangifera pirie and combined extracts of Mangifera haden and Mangifera pirie seeds in Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemic rats. Before the starting of the experiment, the animals were acclimatized to the laboratory conditions for a period of seven days. At the end of the acclimatization period, each rat was weighed and randomly divided into twelve groups of five animals each, comprising of test animals and control groups. Proximate analysis, toxicity studies, lipid profile parameters were determined in the study. The research study took place in the animal house of Biochemistry Department, University of Nigeria, Nsukka from July 2020 to August 2022. Proximate composition of Mangifera haden and Mangifera pirie seed extracts revealed that the (%) values of protein, lipid, crude fibre, ash, moisture, and carbohydrate are (4.82, 17.18, 4.29, 2.77, 8.39, 62.55) and (3.81, 20.20, 3.0, 1.0, 34.0, 37.99) respectively. Mangifera haden and Mangifera pirie were administered at different doses (200 mg, 300 mg, 500 mg) of the extracts per kilogram body weight of the animals while combined extract of Mangifera haden and Mangifera pirie were administered at 300 mg and 500 mg of the extract per kilogram body weight of the animals in Triton –Induced hyperlipidemic rats. Simvastatin and Atorvastatin were used as reference standards. Simvastatin was found to be an effective drug to Atorvastatin in lowering lipid profiles. The statistical analyses were carried out using one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons test. Mangifera haden, Mangifera pirie and combined extracts of both species show significant decrease (P = 0.05) in the levels of serum Total Cholesterol, triacylglycerols, VLDL-C, LDL-C, Atherogenic index (A.I) and significant increase (P = 0.05) of serum HDL-C against Triton-Induced hyperlipidemic rats. The result also suggest that at 200 mg/kg Mangifera pirie and 300 mg/kg Mangifera haden body weight concentrations are an excellent lipid lowering agent. Single administration of either Mangifera haden or Mangifera pirie effectively suppressed the Triton-Induced hyperlipidemia in rats than the combined extracts. The organic extracts (Mangifera haden or Mangifera pirie) exhibited quite hypolipidemic potential when compared with one of the reference drugs, Atorvastatin which indicates that the organic extracts could be explored as an alternative therapeutic agent in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135730920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-17DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i3264
None Ibegbulem C. O., None Ujowundu C. O., None Ukairo D. I., None Ihejieto H. A.
Aim: This study investigated the effect of soursop pulp and onion bulb juice samples on body weight, prostate weight (PW), percentage prostate increase inhibition (PPII), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone (T), prolactin and PSA levels in testosterone and oestradiol-induced BPH in albino rats.
Study Design: The simple random design was used in this study.
Place and Duration of Study: Dave Research House, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria, between April 2022 and July 2022.
Methodology: Fifty-four (54) male albino rats were randomly distributed into 9 groups (A-I) of 6 rats each, with B to I induced with 10 mg/kg b.w of exogenous hormones (1:1) every 2 days. They were treated as follows: A (normal control), B (BPH control), C (standard control), D (10 ml/kg b.w soursop), E (10 ml/kg b.w onion), F (10 ml/kg b.w, 1:1 soursop and onion), G (20 ml/kg b.w soursop), H (20 ml/kg b.w onion), and I (20 ml/kg b.w, 1:1 soursop and onion), for 28 days. The rats were weighed weekly. At the end of the treatment, they were euthanized, prostate and serum samples were collected for further assessments.
Results: The results showed that at low dose, the body weights of the rats were maintained. The single samples at low dose improved PW and PPII better. DHT and T levels reduced in all test groups, and the standard control. The single samples reduced DHT levels with increase in concentration, while the soursop juice and combination samples decreased testosterone levels with increase in concentration. Prolactin levels significantly (p<.05) reduced in the test groups and standard control when compared with the BPH control. While, PSA levels also decreased in the test groups, but were not significantly (p>.05) different from the controls.
Conclusion: The study suggested that soursop pulp and onion bulb juices exerted ameliorative effects on BPH, especially individually, and at the low dose studied. Hence, their consumption by older males should be encouraged.
目的:研究酸瓜果肉和洋葱球汁样品对白化病大鼠体重、前列腺重量(PW)、前列腺增生抑制率(PPII)、睾酮(DHT)、睾酮(T)、催乳素和PSA水平的影响。研究设计:本研究采用简单随机设计。
学习地点和时间:尼日利亚奥韦里联邦科技大学戴夫研究所，2022年4月至2022年7月。
方法:54只雄性白化大鼠随机分为9组(A-I组)，每组6只，每2 d以10 mg/kg b.w外源激素(1:1)诱导B ~ I组。按A(正常对照)、B (BPH对照)、C(标准对照)、D (10 ml/kg B .w番石榴)、E (10 ml/kg B .w洋葱)、F (10 ml/kg B .w番石榴，1∶1)、G (20 ml/kg B .w番石榴)、H (20 ml/kg B .w洋葱)、I (20 ml/kg B .w番石榴，1∶1)处理28 D。这些老鼠每周称重一次。在治疗结束时，他们被安乐死，前列腺和血清样本被收集以作进一步评估。
结果:结果表明，在低剂量下，大鼠的体重保持不变。低剂量单品对PW和PPII的改善效果较好。所有试验组和标准对照组DHT和T水平均降低。单样品DHT水平随浓度的增加而降低，而酸橙汁和组合样品睾酮水平随浓度的增加而降低。与BPH对照组相比，试验组和标准对照组的泌乳素水平显著降低(p < 0.05)。同时，实验组的PSA水平也有所下降，但与对照组相比差异不显著(p> 0.05)。
结论:研究表明，在低剂量和单独剂量下，番荔枝果肉和洋葱球茎汁对BPH有改善作用。因此，应该鼓励老年男性食用它们。
{"title":"Effect of Allium cepa (Onion) Bulb and Annona muricata (Soursop) Pulp Juices on Body Weight, Prostate Weight, Selected Hormones and Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) in Testosterone and Oestradiol-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Albino Rats","authors":"None Ibegbulem C. O., None Ujowundu C. O., None Ukairo D. I., None Ihejieto H. A.","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i3264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i3264","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study investigated the effect of soursop pulp and onion bulb juice samples on body weight, prostate weight (PW), percentage prostate increase inhibition (PPII), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone (T), prolactin and PSA levels in testosterone and oestradiol-induced BPH in albino rats.
 Study Design: The simple random design was used in this study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Dave Research House, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria, between April 2022 and July 2022.
 Methodology: Fifty-four (54) male albino rats were randomly distributed into 9 groups (A-I) of 6 rats each, with B to I induced with 10 mg/kg b.w of exogenous hormones (1:1) every 2 days. They were treated as follows: A (normal control), B (BPH control), C (standard control), D (10 ml/kg b.w soursop), E (10 ml/kg b.w onion), F (10 ml/kg b.w, 1:1 soursop and onion), G (20 ml/kg b.w soursop), H (20 ml/kg b.w onion), and I (20 ml/kg b.w, 1:1 soursop and onion), for 28 days. The rats were weighed weekly. At the end of the treatment, they were euthanized, prostate and serum samples were collected for further assessments.
 Results: The results showed that at low dose, the body weights of the rats were maintained. The single samples at low dose improved PW and PPII better. DHT and T levels reduced in all test groups, and the standard control. The single samples reduced DHT levels with increase in concentration, while the soursop juice and combination samples decreased testosterone levels with increase in concentration. Prolactin levels significantly (p<.05) reduced in the test groups and standard control when compared with the BPH control. While, PSA levels also decreased in the test groups, but were not significantly (p>.05) different from the controls.
 Conclusion: The study suggested that soursop pulp and onion bulb juices exerted ameliorative effects on BPH, especially individually, and at the low dose studied. Hence, their consumption by older males should be encouraged.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136032753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i3263
N. U. Asiriuwa, I. O. Akpose, E. A. Okogbenin, O. B. Imoisi, D. C. Onyia, T. Okunwaye, I. L. Gold, J. U. Obibuzor, H. Anemene
The deficit in the supply of palm oil in Nigeria over the years has been met in part through smuggling of the product from different sources into the Nigerian market by marketers of which some of the products have been reported to be adulterated with azo dyes. The aim of this study was to detect and quantify sudan dyes in adulterated palm oil from the open market using simple and inexpensive procedures such as analytical thin layer chromatography (TLC) and Ultra violet spectrophotometric methods respectively. Seven palm oil samples from the open markets within Benin metropolis labelled as (AUC, AUC2, IK1, IK5, OLK1, ADIT, and OB) were screened for the presence of Sudan-III and Sudan-IV dyes. Four of the samples (IK1, IK5, OLK1, ADIT) were confirmed to contain Sudan-IV dye with quantities of 22.5mg/L, 21.7mg/L, 29.5mg/L, 23.8mg/L respectively. This experiment shows that the use of easy and cheap methods such as TLC and UV-spectrophotometry can be used to detect and quantify Sudan dyes in adulterated palm oil.
{"title":"UV Spectrophotometric Quantification of Sudan-IV Dye in Palm Oil from Major Markets of Benin Metropolis","authors":"N. U. Asiriuwa, I. O. Akpose, E. A. Okogbenin, O. B. Imoisi, D. C. Onyia, T. Okunwaye, I. L. Gold, J. U. Obibuzor, H. Anemene","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i3263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i3263","url":null,"abstract":"The deficit in the supply of palm oil in Nigeria over the years has been met in part through smuggling of the product from different sources into the Nigerian market by marketers of which some of the products have been reported to be adulterated with azo dyes. The aim of this study was to detect and quantify sudan dyes in adulterated palm oil from the open market using simple and inexpensive procedures such as analytical thin layer chromatography (TLC) and Ultra violet spectrophotometric methods respectively. Seven palm oil samples from the open markets within Benin metropolis labelled as (AUC, AUC2, IK1, IK5, OLK1, ADIT, and OB) were screened for the presence of Sudan-III and Sudan-IV dyes. Four of the samples (IK1, IK5, OLK1, ADIT) were confirmed to contain Sudan-IV dye with quantities of 22.5mg/L, 21.7mg/L, 29.5mg/L, 23.8mg/L respectively. This experiment shows that the use of easy and cheap methods such as TLC and UV-spectrophotometry can be used to detect and quantify Sudan dyes in adulterated palm oil.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135146908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i3262
N. V. L. Suvarchala Reddy, M. Ganga Raju, Jyothi Papani, Edunoori Keerthana
Diabetes is a frequent metabolic complaint associated with increasing blood sugar levels, it also has a connection to long- term vascular problems that can damage blood vessels, urinary tract, sight, and neurons. By adding amino acid breakdown and ultimately accumulating complex end products of glycation in the organs, hyperglycemia is a crucial factor in the progression of complications related to diabetes. The breakdown process, which entails free of enzymes couplings of polysaccharides to lipids, proteins, or inheritable material, produces miscellaneous motes known to be sophisticated glycation end products. The root cause of diabetes-related difficulties such as atherosclerosis, retinopathy, nephropathy, and nephropathy are greatly impacted by the development of complex end products of glycation and the glycation of proteins. Glycation of proteins hinders molecules from behaving as anticipated by altering the functioning of enzymes, altering the structure of molecules, and impeding sensory interaction. In order to aid in the development of diabetes problems. Recent research suggests that AGEs interact with RAGEs on the plasma membrane to change gene expression, intracellular signaling, and the release of free radicals and pro-inflammatory chemicals. The formation of several AGE types from the glycation of plasma proteins is covered in the current review. The pathogenesis of diabetes sequelae such as retinal degeneration, glaucoma nerve damage, kidney failure, and myocardium are also discussed in relation to AGEs. This study includes an update on the disease's vascular consequences, underlying causes, and available therapeutic options. A summary of illness management techniques is also provided in this article.
{"title":"Microvascular Complications Associated with Advanced Glycation End Products in Diabetes","authors":"N. V. L. Suvarchala Reddy, M. Ganga Raju, Jyothi Papani, Edunoori Keerthana","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i3262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i3262","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is a frequent metabolic complaint associated with increasing blood sugar levels, it also has a connection to long- term vascular problems that can damage blood vessels, urinary tract, sight, and neurons. By adding amino acid breakdown and ultimately accumulating complex end products of glycation in the organs, hyperglycemia is a crucial factor in the progression of complications related to diabetes. The breakdown process, which entails free of enzymes couplings of polysaccharides to lipids, proteins, or inheritable material, produces miscellaneous motes known to be sophisticated glycation end products. The root cause of diabetes-related difficulties such as atherosclerosis, retinopathy, nephropathy, and nephropathy are greatly impacted by the development of complex end products of glycation and the glycation of proteins. Glycation of proteins hinders molecules from behaving as anticipated by altering the functioning of enzymes, altering the structure of molecules, and impeding sensory interaction. In order to aid in the development of diabetes problems. Recent research suggests that AGEs interact with RAGEs on the plasma membrane to change gene expression, intracellular signaling, and the release of free radicals and pro-inflammatory chemicals. The formation of several AGE types from the glycation of plasma proteins is covered in the current review. The pathogenesis of diabetes sequelae such as retinal degeneration, glaucoma nerve damage, kidney failure, and myocardium are also discussed in relation to AGEs. This study includes an update on the disease's vascular consequences, underlying causes, and available therapeutic options. A summary of illness management techniques is also provided in this article.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134943827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i3260
Ugwu Obiora Celestine, Asogwa Felix Keneolisa, Ukpabi-Ugo Jacinta Chigozie, Asadu Chidimma Lilian, Ali Ibeabuchi Jude, Okonkwo Raymond Maduabuchi, Ugwoke Faith Ifeanyi, Offiah Raymond Ogbonna, Obasi Uchenna Emmanuel, Anosike Chioma Assumpta
Background: The body uses inflammation as a defence mechanism to eliminate harmful stimuli like germs, damaged cells, or irritants and to initiate the healing process. However, the ongoing discovery of several medicinal plants and the testing of their bioactivity to produce information that will assist doctors and patients in making informed decisions prior to employing them have established.
Aims: The study valuate the phosphatelipase A2, membrane stabilization, albumin denaturation, protease inhibition, and platelete aggregation activities as viable mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory effects of the methanol extract of Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel leaf (MERVL).
Methodology: The anti-inflammatory effect of (MERVL) was ascertained using the phosphate lipaseA2, membrane stabilization model, albumin denaturation, protease inhibitor, assay.
Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Pharmacology Lab, Enugu State of University of Science and Technology Agbani Nigeria, between March 2021 and August 2021.
Results: MERVL inhibited hypotonicity-induced haemolysis by 27.14, 41.10 and 65.70%, at the concentration of 0.4, 0.8 and, 1.0 mg/mL respectively.The highest percentage of inhibition (67.70%) was noticed at the highest concentration of the MERVL. These results were almost analogous to the standard drug (indometacin) used as it exhibited concentration dependent inhibition of albumin denaturation. Protease activity was significantly (P < 0.05) increased at all concentrations which follow the similar tendency as standard drug used. The results showed that MERVL has anti-inflammatory activities.
{"title":"Membrane Stabilization, PhospholipaseA2, Albumin Denaturation, Protease Inhibition, as Viable Mechanisms for the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Methanol Extract of Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel Leaves","authors":"Ugwu Obiora Celestine, Asogwa Felix Keneolisa, Ukpabi-Ugo Jacinta Chigozie, Asadu Chidimma Lilian, Ali Ibeabuchi Jude, Okonkwo Raymond Maduabuchi, Ugwoke Faith Ifeanyi, Offiah Raymond Ogbonna, Obasi Uchenna Emmanuel, Anosike Chioma Assumpta","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i3260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i3260","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The body uses inflammation as a defence mechanism to eliminate harmful stimuli like germs, damaged cells, or irritants and to initiate the healing process. However, the ongoing discovery of several medicinal plants and the testing of their bioactivity to produce information that will assist doctors and patients in making informed decisions prior to employing them have established.
 Aims: The study valuate the phosphatelipase A2, membrane stabilization, albumin denaturation, protease inhibition, and platelete aggregation activities as viable mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory effects of the methanol extract of Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel leaf (MERVL).
 Methodology: The anti-inflammatory effect of (MERVL) was ascertained using the phosphate lipaseA2, membrane stabilization model, albumin denaturation, protease inhibitor, assay.
 Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Pharmacology Lab, Enugu State of University of Science and Technology Agbani Nigeria, between March 2021 and August 2021.
 Results: MERVL inhibited hypotonicity-induced haemolysis by 27.14, 41.10 and 65.70%, at the concentration of 0.4, 0.8 and, 1.0 mg/mL respectively.The highest percentage of inhibition (67.70%) was noticed at the highest concentration of the MERVL. These results were almost analogous to the standard drug (indometacin) used as it exhibited concentration dependent inhibition of albumin denaturation. Protease activity was significantly (P < 0.05) increased at all concentrations which follow the similar tendency as standard drug used. The results showed that MERVL has anti-inflammatory activities.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134943696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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