Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i2281
Enyinnaya A. Ogbonnaya, D. C. Belonwu, O. E. Ezim, Uzoma Umeh
Aim: The ability of ethylacetate extract of Persea americana Mill (avocado) seed to ameliorate the hepatotoxic effect of acetaminophen in rats was assessed. Methodology: Thirty experimental rats were placed in 6 groups of 5 animals per group. Two animal groups received distilled water and the drug vehicle, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO). Four other groups received acetaminophen (750 mg/kg bw/day) in DMSO for 3 days with 3 of the 4 groups receiving, after 3 days of acetaminophen administration and for 11 days, Persea americana seed extracts (150-, 350 mg/kg bw) and silymarin (200 mg/kg bw). Animals were sacrificed and both serum and liver tissue analysed for markers of liver integrity (AST, ALT, ALP), liver function (total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride), antioxidant status (SOD, Catalase) and liver architecture. Results: The result showed induction of hepatotoxicity by acetaminophen with increased AST, ALT, ALP and decreased SOD and CAT activities. Hepatotoxicity was also observed as increase in total and conjugated bilirubin and decrease in total cholesterol and triglyceride. Administration of Persea americana seed ethylacetate extract reversed the status of the parameters towards normal (except for AST, total protein and albumin). Also the liver architecture which hitherto revealed inflammation, fatty changes and hepatocyte necrosis also reversed to mild inflammation to normal histology. The action of the extract was dose dependent and its effectiveness comparable to silymarin (200 mg/kg bw). Conclusion: The ethylacetate extract of Persia americana showed ameliorative effect against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity at higher dose, with potentials to reverse disruptions in liver integrity and function, and restore balance in endogenous antioxidant system.
{"title":"Ameliorative Potentials of Persea americana Mill (Avocado) Seed Extract on Acetaminophen-induced Hepatic Insufficiency in Rats","authors":"Enyinnaya A. Ogbonnaya, D. C. Belonwu, O. E. Ezim, Uzoma Umeh","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i2281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i2281","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The ability of ethylacetate extract of Persea americana Mill (avocado) seed to ameliorate the hepatotoxic effect of acetaminophen in rats was assessed.\u0000Methodology: Thirty experimental rats were placed in 6 groups of 5 animals per group. Two animal groups received distilled water and the drug vehicle, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO). Four other groups received acetaminophen (750 mg/kg bw/day) in DMSO for 3 days with 3 of the 4 groups receiving, after 3 days of acetaminophen administration and for 11 days, Persea americana seed extracts (150-, 350 mg/kg bw) and silymarin (200 mg/kg bw). Animals were sacrificed and both serum and liver tissue analysed for markers of liver integrity (AST, ALT, ALP), liver function (total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride), antioxidant status (SOD, Catalase) and liver architecture.\u0000Results: The result showed induction of hepatotoxicity by acetaminophen with increased AST, ALT, ALP and decreased SOD and CAT activities. Hepatotoxicity was also observed as increase in total and conjugated bilirubin and decrease in total cholesterol and triglyceride. Administration of Persea americana seed ethylacetate extract reversed the status of the parameters towards normal (except for AST, total protein and albumin). Also the liver architecture which hitherto revealed inflammation, fatty changes and hepatocyte necrosis also reversed to mild inflammation to normal histology. The action of the extract was dose dependent and its effectiveness comparable to silymarin (200 mg/kg bw).\u0000Conclusion: The ethylacetate extract of Persia americana showed ameliorative effect against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity at higher dose, with potentials to reverse disruptions in liver integrity and function, and restore balance in endogenous antioxidant system.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":"17 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140227047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i2280
H. N. Onuigbo
The study aimed at assessing the evolution of body mass index of (BMI) and treatment outcome of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) adult-patients who were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) over a period of one year in a community district hospital with high prevalence of HIV attendance. One year retrospective follow-up study of the recruited patients was carried out using data collected from their treatment cards. One hundred and fifty-one patients were recruited for the study but eleven patients dropped as a result of clinical emergencies and breach of study protocol. Ninety-two (66%) were females and the rest adult males. Study patients were on four different World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stages at various numerical strengths. There were significant (p>0.05) synchronized linear increment of BMI and positive treatment outcomes following treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART).
{"title":"Impact of 1 Year of Large-Scale Antiretroviral Drug Treatment on the Anthropometric Profiles and Treatment Outcomes of HIV-Adult Patients in the Rural District Hospital of Eastern Nigeria","authors":"H. N. Onuigbo","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i2280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i2280","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed at assessing the evolution of body mass index of (BMI) and treatment outcome of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) adult-patients who were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) over a period of one year in a community district hospital with high prevalence of HIV attendance. One year retrospective follow-up study of the recruited patients was carried out using data collected from their treatment cards. One hundred and fifty-one patients were recruited for the study but eleven patients dropped as a result of clinical emergencies and breach of study protocol. Ninety-two (66%) were females and the rest adult males. Study patients were on four different World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stages at various numerical strengths. There were significant (p>0.05) synchronized linear increment of BMI and positive treatment outcomes following treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART).","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i2279
Onuigbo Hyginus
There is always paranoid by individuals suffering diabetes mellitus of any type whether to eat fruits or not, to avoid having above normal glycemic index. Glycemic index of four most and regularly consumed fruits in Nigeria were evaluated in twenty alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus healthy male albino mice matched with parity group. This was a parallel study comprising of intraperitoneally administration of single standard dose of alloxan monohydrate to test animals and equal volume of normal saline to parity matched control group. There was no disparity in glycemic index of the two study groups (test and control).Good diet plan by diabetic individuals is a panacea to maintaining good glycemic index.
{"title":"Antihypoglyceamic Effect of Some Fruits in Alloxan Induced Diabetic albino Mice","authors":"Onuigbo Hyginus","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i2279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i2279","url":null,"abstract":"There is always paranoid by individuals suffering diabetes mellitus of any type whether to eat fruits or not, to avoid having above normal glycemic index. Glycemic index of four most and regularly consumed fruits in Nigeria were evaluated in twenty alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus healthy male albino mice matched with parity group. This was a parallel study comprising of intraperitoneally administration of single standard dose of alloxan monohydrate to test animals and equal volume of normal saline to parity matched control group. There was no disparity in glycemic index of the two study groups (test and control).Good diet plan by diabetic individuals is a panacea to maintaining good glycemic index.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i2278
W. K. T. Nuwanthika, D. I. K. Welivitigoda, S. P. N. N. Senadeera, D. U. Kottahachchi, C. B. Ranaweera, N. Wijesighe
Introduction: The term “cardiovascular diseases” (CVDs) refers to any disease affecting the heart or blood vessels. CVDs are the most common cause of death worldwide and the most responsible reason for 10% of deaths in the early 20th century. These CVDs can emerge as myocardial infarction or ischemic heart disease, stroke, and congestive heart failure. For diagnosing CVDs, physical, radiological investigations, and laboratory investigations for cardiac enzymes and lipid profile are used. In clinical practices, cardiovascular risk prediction models are very important in the identification, prevention, and staging of the severity of CVDs. Framingham Risk Score-coronary heart disease, Framingham Risk Score-cardiovascular disease, QRESEARCH-cardiovascular risk algorithm, Joint British Society risk-calculator-3, WHO/ISH CVD risk prediction charts, and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease risk-estimator are some of the available CVD risk estimators. However, many of these estimators can be used only to evaluate individuals more than 40 years and to assess the risk for 10-years. Therefore, new risk estimators are needed to overcome the deficiencies of the available risk estimators. Research have been done in novel directions; on ratios of routinely performing hematological and biochemical laboratory parameters such as Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), and Aspartate aminotransferase to Alanine aminotransferase ratio (AST/ALT). The outcomes indicate a relationship between the above-said ratios and the risk for CVDs. Conclusion: On such grounds, this review describes the importance of developing a CVD risk estimator by amalgamating some of the biochemical and hematological parameters, including NLR, PLR, and AST/ALT ratios, aiming to overcome the existing shortcomings.
{"title":"Role Played by Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in the Prediction of Cardiovascular Risk","authors":"W. K. T. Nuwanthika, D. I. K. Welivitigoda, S. P. N. N. Senadeera, D. U. Kottahachchi, C. B. Ranaweera, N. Wijesighe","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i2278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i2278","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The term “cardiovascular diseases” (CVDs) refers to any disease affecting the heart or blood vessels. CVDs are the most common cause of death worldwide and the most responsible reason for 10% of deaths in the early 20th century. These CVDs can emerge as myocardial infarction or ischemic heart disease, stroke, and congestive heart failure. For diagnosing CVDs, physical, radiological investigations, and laboratory investigations for cardiac enzymes and lipid profile are used. In clinical practices, cardiovascular risk prediction models are very important in the identification, prevention, and staging of the severity of CVDs. Framingham Risk Score-coronary heart disease, Framingham Risk Score-cardiovascular disease, QRESEARCH-cardiovascular risk algorithm, Joint British Society risk-calculator-3, WHO/ISH CVD risk prediction charts, and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease risk-estimator are some of the available CVD risk estimators. However, many of these estimators can be used only to evaluate individuals more than 40 years and to assess the risk for 10-years. Therefore, new risk estimators are needed to overcome the deficiencies of the available risk estimators. Research have been done in novel directions; on ratios of routinely performing hematological and biochemical laboratory parameters such as Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), and Aspartate aminotransferase to Alanine aminotransferase ratio (AST/ALT). The outcomes indicate a relationship between the above-said ratios and the risk for CVDs. \u0000Conclusion: On such grounds, this review describes the importance of developing a CVD risk estimator by amalgamating some of the biochemical and hematological parameters, including NLR, PLR, and AST/ALT ratios, aiming to overcome the existing shortcomings.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140253596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-03DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i2277
B. Chavhan, P. Barnwal, Shaikh Adil, P. G. Wasnik
In-package microwave-treated danedar khoa (a heat-desiccated milk product) was investigated to determine color changes during its storage at different temperatures. An optimized sample of danedar khoa packaged in a nylon pack was stored at 10, 35 and45°Ctemperatures.The changes in L*, a*, and b* value in the in-package microwave-treated and control danedar khoa were investigated during storage. In the control sample, the initial average value of L* was 65.04-67.56. As the temperature increased to 10°C, 35°C, and 45°C, the L* values also increased to 64.53-67.17, 65.45-67.10, and 65.58-67.22 respectively. For a*, the initial value was 5.40-4.19 With the rise in temperature to 10°C, 35°C, and 45°C, the a* values decreased to 5.20-4.01, 5.24-4.10, and 5.24-3.13 respectively. Regarding b*, the value in the control sample was 24.15-29.74 As the temperature was raised to 10°C, 35°C, and 45°C, the b* values further increased to 27.44-31.15, 29.50-30.57, and 27.53-31.91 respectively.
{"title":"Effect of Microwave Treatment on Colourof Danedar khoa during Storage","authors":"B. Chavhan, P. Barnwal, Shaikh Adil, P. G. Wasnik","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i2277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i2277","url":null,"abstract":"In-package microwave-treated danedar khoa (a heat-desiccated milk product) was investigated to determine color changes during its storage at different temperatures. An optimized sample of danedar khoa packaged in a nylon pack was stored at 10, 35 and45°Ctemperatures.The changes in L*, a*, and b* value in the in-package microwave-treated and control danedar khoa were investigated during storage. In the control sample, the initial average value of L* was 65.04-67.56. As the temperature increased to 10°C, 35°C, and 45°C, the L* values also increased to 64.53-67.17, 65.45-67.10, and 65.58-67.22 respectively. For a*, the initial value was 5.40-4.19 With the rise in temperature to 10°C, 35°C, and 45°C, the a* values decreased to 5.20-4.01, 5.24-4.10, and 5.24-3.13 respectively. Regarding b*, the value in the control sample was 24.15-29.74 As the temperature was raised to 10°C, 35°C, and 45°C, the b* values further increased to 27.44-31.15, 29.50-30.57, and 27.53-31.91 respectively.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140267173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-26DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i1276
Gulnara Dashdamirova, Saadat Aliyeva
Hyperbilirubinemia is a medical disorder characterized by elevated blood levels of bilirubin, which can cause jaundice, or a yellowing of the skin, sclera, and nails. A condition known as hyperbilirubinemia frequently affects babies. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia patients are managed with exchange transfusion and phototherapy. This study aimed to determine the neonatal hyperbilirubinemia therapies at the one private hospital in Azerbaijan. In 2023, data on the condition of hyperbilirubinemia and the kind of therapies received were gathered from medical records. Samples for this study were chosen based on inclusion criteria. Phototherapy was used to treat all 41 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia; 29.26 % of the patients received treatment for less than 24 hours, and 70.73 % received treatment for longer than 24 hours. 100% of patients recovered after treatment. After treatment, 100% patients cured. Hyperbilirubinemia neonates in this hospital were treated with phototherapy and the treatment was successful.
{"title":"Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia: Causes, Symptoms, and Management in the Context of Research on Newborns","authors":"Gulnara Dashdamirova, Saadat Aliyeva","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i1276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i1276","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperbilirubinemia is a medical disorder characterized by elevated blood levels of bilirubin, which can cause jaundice, or a yellowing of the skin, sclera, and nails. A condition known as hyperbilirubinemia frequently affects babies. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia patients are managed with exchange transfusion and phototherapy. This study aimed to determine the neonatal hyperbilirubinemia therapies at the one private hospital in Azerbaijan. In 2023, data on the condition of hyperbilirubinemia and the kind of therapies received were gathered from medical records. Samples for this study were chosen based on inclusion criteria. Phototherapy was used to treat all 41 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia; 29.26 % of the patients received treatment for less than 24 hours, and 70.73 % received treatment for longer than 24 hours. 100% of patients recovered after treatment. After treatment, 100% patients cured. Hyperbilirubinemia neonates in this hospital were treated with phototherapy and the treatment was successful.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":"131 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140429014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-23DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i1275
Olanipekun, O. T., Akinloye, O. A., Soetan, K. O.
Aims: The goal of the investigation is to verify the anti-diarrhoeal properties of bambara groundnut seed condiment. Study Design: The study involved thirty male Wistar rats divided into five groups. Rats in groups 2, 3, and 4 received different dosages of the methanol extract of Bambara groundnut condiment (BGNCE). Group 1 served as a control and received loperamide, a standard medication for treating diarrhoea, while group 5 received distilled water. The rats were subjected to castor oil to induce diarrhoea, and various parameters were evaluated over a four-hour period. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Veterinary Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, and the Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta; between July 2017 and November, 2017. Methodology: The methodology involved administering castor oil to induce diarrhoea, evaluating various diarrhoea parameters over four hours, and analyzing serum concentrations of albumin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and electrolytes (K+, Na+, Cl-) using standard methods. Results: The rats in group 1 (loperamide) showed the highest level of inhibition of diarrhoea (100%), while rats in group 5 (distilled water) had the least inhibition (21.85%). The treatment with bambara groundnut condiment extract improved kidney and liver functions in rats, as indicated by changes in blood urea nitrogen (18.80 mg/dl vs 10.67 mg/dl); creatinine (0.83 mg/dl vs 0.74 mg/dl); and albumin (2.01 vs 3.21 g/dl), for rat groups 4 and 1 respectively. BGNCE also up-regulated serum concentrations (mmol/L) of (K+, Na+, Cl-) ions close to control. Conclusion: The study concludes that Bambara groundnut condiment have anti-diarrhoeal potential, and untreated acute diarrhoea can impair liver and kidney functions in rats.
{"title":"Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea) Condiment Extract Reversed Diarrhoeal Condition in Male Wistar Rats","authors":"Olanipekun, O. T., Akinloye, O. A., Soetan, K. O.","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i1275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i1275","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The goal of the investigation is to verify the anti-diarrhoeal properties of bambara groundnut seed condiment. \u0000Study Design: The study involved thirty male Wistar rats divided into five groups. Rats in groups 2, 3, and 4 received different dosages of the methanol extract of Bambara groundnut condiment (BGNCE). Group 1 served as a control and received loperamide, a standard medication for treating diarrhoea, while group 5 received distilled water. The rats were subjected to castor oil to induce diarrhoea, and various parameters were evaluated over a four-hour period. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Veterinary Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, and the Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta; between July 2017 and November, 2017. \u0000Methodology: The methodology involved administering castor oil to induce diarrhoea, evaluating various diarrhoea parameters over four hours, and analyzing serum concentrations of albumin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and electrolytes (K+, Na+, Cl-) using standard methods. \u0000Results: The rats in group 1 (loperamide) showed the highest level of inhibition of diarrhoea (100%), while rats in group 5 (distilled water) had the least inhibition (21.85%). The treatment with bambara groundnut condiment extract improved kidney and liver functions in rats, as indicated by changes in blood urea nitrogen (18.80 mg/dl vs 10.67 mg/dl); creatinine (0.83 mg/dl vs 0.74 mg/dl); and albumin (2.01 vs 3.21 g/dl), for rat groups 4 and 1 respectively. BGNCE also up-regulated serum concentrations (mmol/L) of (K+, Na+, Cl-) ions close to control. \u0000Conclusion: The study concludes that Bambara groundnut condiment have anti-diarrhoeal potential, and untreated acute diarrhoea can impair liver and kidney functions in rats.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140436308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i1274
Jakiya Akter, H. K. Shomudro, Sadia A. Chowdhury
The objective of this investigations was to evaluate in Vitro anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing, antifungal and cytotoxic activities from the methanolic leaf extract of Polyscias scutellaria. Primary evaluation of methanolic extract of Polyscias scutellaria leaf (MEPSL) was performed via phytochemical screening. Presence of Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, carbohydrates and reducing sugars were observed by phytochemical screening, among other secondary compounds. Using in vitro methods of protein denaturation, the anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory properties of MEPSL was investigated. The results showed that the extracts significantly slowed down arthritis and inflammation with the percent inhibition of 94.59% and 86.33% at the conc. of 1000 µg/mL compared to the standard diclofenac sodium (98.19%) and acetyle salicylic acid (98.56%) at same concentration respectively. The thrombolytic activity of the extracts was additionally examined by clotlysis method, and the results showed that the ability to break up blood clots increased with the amount of extract used with the value of 97.32% which is very significant compared to the standard streptokinase which showed clotlysis of 91.304%. MEPSL was also showed action that stabilized membranes by using heat induced hemolysis method, which could be helpful in treating conditions like bleeding and swelling with the percent of protection value of 58.87% when compared to standard diclofenac sodium with the percent of protection value 73.63%. Antifungal action was also seen, which shows that it could be used to treat diseases caused by fungi with the zone of inhibition 7-36 mm varying on the type of fungi. Lastly, in vitro method was used to investigate the extracts' damaging effect on Artemia salina by using shrimp lethality assay. The results showed significant cytotoxicity with the LC50 value of 1.057 µg/mL compared to the standard vincristine sulphate (LC50 value of 0.608 µg/mL). To sum up, it is clear that the phytochemical found in this plant can be used for wide range of drug discovery field due to its potent pharmacological actions.
{"title":"Anti-Arthritic, Anti-Inflammatory, Thrombolytic, Membrane Stabilizing, Antifungal and Cytotoxic Activity of Polyscias scutellaria Leaf Extract: An In-vitro Analysis","authors":"Jakiya Akter, H. K. Shomudro, Sadia A. Chowdhury","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i1274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i1274","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this investigations was to evaluate in Vitro anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing, antifungal and cytotoxic activities from the methanolic leaf extract of Polyscias scutellaria. Primary evaluation of methanolic extract of Polyscias scutellaria leaf (MEPSL) was performed via phytochemical screening. Presence of Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, carbohydrates and reducing sugars were observed by phytochemical screening, among other secondary compounds. Using in vitro methods of protein denaturation, the anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory properties of MEPSL was investigated. The results showed that the extracts significantly slowed down arthritis and inflammation with the percent inhibition of 94.59% and 86.33% at the conc. of 1000 µg/mL compared to the standard diclofenac sodium (98.19%) and acetyle salicylic acid (98.56%) at same concentration respectively. The thrombolytic activity of the extracts was additionally examined by clotlysis method, and the results showed that the ability to break up blood clots increased with the amount of extract used with the value of 97.32% which is very significant compared to the standard streptokinase which showed clotlysis of 91.304%. MEPSL was also showed action that stabilized membranes by using heat induced hemolysis method, which could be helpful in treating conditions like bleeding and swelling with the percent of protection value of 58.87% when compared to standard diclofenac sodium with the percent of protection value 73.63%. Antifungal action was also seen, which shows that it could be used to treat diseases caused by fungi with the zone of inhibition 7-36 mm varying on the type of fungi. Lastly, in vitro method was used to investigate the extracts' damaging effect on Artemia salina by using shrimp lethality assay. The results showed significant cytotoxicity with the LC50 value of 1.057 µg/mL compared to the standard vincristine sulphate (LC50 value of 0.608 µg/mL). To sum up, it is clear that the phytochemical found in this plant can be used for wide range of drug discovery field due to its potent pharmacological actions.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139683728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i1273
Timloh Fakdul, Shangshikmwa K. Gaknung, Mercy O. Simon, Nelson J. Nwankwo, Joel Paul, Hafsat S. Jagab, Daniel G. ThankGod, Dinci T. Davou, M. Mankilik, R. J. Kutshik, B. Yakubu, I. Longdet
Background: Malaria remains a significant health threat globally, with Plasmodium falciparum being the predominant and lethal parasite in Africa. Nigeria is still faced with ongoing cases of asymptomatic malaria, hindering effective control measures. Aim: The aim was to generate epidemiological data that will provide good background and guide strategies for driving malaria control efforts, research, and resource allocation in the region. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, where the samples were originally collected within about 16 months between October 2019 and January 2021. Methodology: A cross-sectional molecular epidemiological study was conducted using 136 microscopically screened 2 plus (++) and above positive malarial whole blood samples obtained in EDTA bottles from two hospitals in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. The DNA extraction was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions using Zymo Research extraction kits. Plasmodium genus and Plasmodium falciparum were detected in the samples using the PCR method and gel electrophoresis. Results: In the results, using PCR techniques, 47.8% (65/136) of the total malaria-positive samples collected were confirmed for the presence of the Plasmodium genus. Out of these 65 positive samples, 63 were found to be Plasmodium falciparum. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that Plasmodium falciparum remains the predominant malaria species in Jos, Plateau State, comprising approximately 96.9% (63/65) of the malarial cases. This indicates that only about 3% of malaria cases affecting the residents of Jos, Plateau State might be caused by the other four species of malaria parasites (Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium knowlesi).
{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum Infections Using PCR-based Assays in Jos, Nigeria-cross-sectional Study","authors":"Timloh Fakdul, Shangshikmwa K. Gaknung, Mercy O. Simon, Nelson J. Nwankwo, Joel Paul, Hafsat S. Jagab, Daniel G. ThankGod, Dinci T. Davou, M. Mankilik, R. J. Kutshik, B. Yakubu, I. Longdet","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i1273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i1273","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malaria remains a significant health threat globally, with Plasmodium falciparum being the predominant and lethal parasite in Africa. Nigeria is still faced with ongoing cases of asymptomatic malaria, hindering effective control measures. \u0000Aim: The aim was to generate epidemiological data that will provide good background and guide strategies for driving malaria control efforts, research, and resource allocation in the region. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, where the samples were originally collected within about 16 months between October 2019 and January 2021. \u0000Methodology: A cross-sectional molecular epidemiological study was conducted using 136 microscopically screened 2 plus (++) and above positive malarial whole blood samples obtained in EDTA bottles from two hospitals in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. The DNA extraction was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions using Zymo Research extraction kits. Plasmodium genus and Plasmodium falciparum were detected in the samples using the PCR method and gel electrophoresis. \u0000Results: In the results, using PCR techniques, 47.8% (65/136) of the total malaria-positive samples collected were confirmed for the presence of the Plasmodium genus. Out of these 65 positive samples, 63 were found to be Plasmodium falciparum. \u0000Conclusion: This study demonstrates that Plasmodium falciparum remains the predominant malaria species in Jos, Plateau State, comprising approximately 96.9% (63/65) of the malarial cases. This indicates that only about 3% of malaria cases affecting the residents of Jos, Plateau State might be caused by the other four species of malaria parasites (Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium knowlesi).","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":"36 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139684134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-13DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i1272
Elekima Ibioku, Chukwukere Adaeze Promise, Mboo Andy Nwojo, I. George-Opuda
Aim: Evaluate the acute toxicity effect of bonny light crude oil on histopathological and biochemical disrupting effects on cardiac and hepatocellular tissues. Oil spills, gas flaring, natural seeps, industrial discharge, and the destruction of ecosystems have led to ecological devastation, health problems, and socioeconomic challenges for communities in the Niger Delta; one of the world's largest oil-producing regions. Crude oil spillage has been a persistent and severe environmental concern in the Niger Delta for many years. The spilled oil covers water surfaces, diminishes oxygen levels, and poses significant health risks to aquatic life, birds, loss of biodiversity, and the well-being of the human population that heavily relies on these resources for their sustenance. Study Design: A total of 50 albino rats were randomly divided into three (3) groups; control group, low dose group, and high dose group. The control group consisted of 10 albino rats while the low dose and high dose groups consisted of 20 albino rats each. The control group was fed with normal (uncontaminated) rat feeds and sterile water only (that is, a dosage of 0.00mL/g of rat feed), and the low dose (0.005mL/g) group was fed with 300g of rat feeds mixed with 1.5mL of BLCO while high dose (0.01mL/g) group was fed with 300g of feeds mixed with 3.0mL of BLCO. The treated feeds were administered once every day for 35 days. Methodology: After day 35, the rats were allowed to fast overnight and anesthetized with chloroform (CHCl3). Blood specimens (5 ml) were collected by slitting the neck of the rats into an anticoagulant labeled bottle. The livers and hearts of the experimental rats were harvested and preserved in 10% formalin in different labeled plastic containers prior to tissue processing and histological examinations. Blood specimens were centrifuged at 4500 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain plasma. Plasma levels of ALT, AST, ALP, cTnT, cTnI, MDA, and SOD were estimated. All weights were measured in grams. Results: The result indicated that low and high-dose treated groups showed a significant decrease in body weight. The SOD and MDA indicated significantly lower and higher values respectively in the low and high-dose treated groups when compared to the control rats. However, no significant difference in SOD values was seen between the low and high dose treated groups. The ALT, AST, and ALP values indicated significantly higher values in the low and high-dose treated groups compared to the control group. More so, dose-dependent increases were also observed in AST and ALT. However, ALP indicated no significant difference between the control and the low-dose treated rats. In addition, cTnT and cTnI values indicated significantly higher values in the low and high-dose treated groups compared to the control group. However, cTnT and cTnI indicated no significant difference between the high-dose and the low-dose treated rats. The P value was set to P=.05 Conclusion: Bonny light crude
{"title":"Bonny Light Crude Oil Toxicity: Histopathological and Biochemical Upshots on Cardiac and Hepatocellular Tissues","authors":"Elekima Ibioku, Chukwukere Adaeze Promise, Mboo Andy Nwojo, I. George-Opuda","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i1272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i1272","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Evaluate the acute toxicity effect of bonny light crude oil on histopathological and biochemical disrupting effects on cardiac and hepatocellular tissues. Oil spills, gas flaring, natural seeps, industrial discharge, and the destruction of ecosystems have led to ecological devastation, health problems, and socioeconomic challenges for communities in the Niger Delta; one of the world's largest oil-producing regions. Crude oil spillage has been a persistent and severe environmental concern in the Niger Delta for many years. The spilled oil covers water surfaces, diminishes oxygen levels, and poses significant health risks to aquatic life, birds, loss of biodiversity, and the well-being of the human population that heavily relies on these resources for their sustenance.\u0000Study Design: A total of 50 albino rats were randomly divided into three (3) groups; control group, low dose group, and high dose group. The control group consisted of 10 albino rats while the low dose and high dose groups consisted of 20 albino rats each. The control group was fed with normal (uncontaminated) rat feeds and sterile water only (that is, a dosage of 0.00mL/g of rat feed), and the low dose (0.005mL/g) group was fed with 300g of rat feeds mixed with 1.5mL of BLCO while high dose (0.01mL/g) group was fed with 300g of feeds mixed with 3.0mL of BLCO. The treated feeds were administered once every day for 35 days.\u0000Methodology: After day 35, the rats were allowed to fast overnight and anesthetized with chloroform (CHCl3). Blood specimens (5 ml) were collected by slitting the neck of the rats into an anticoagulant labeled bottle. The livers and hearts of the experimental rats were harvested and preserved in 10% formalin in different labeled plastic containers prior to tissue processing and histological examinations. Blood specimens were centrifuged at 4500 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain plasma. Plasma levels of ALT, AST, ALP, cTnT, cTnI, MDA, and SOD were estimated. All weights were measured in grams.\u0000Results: The result indicated that low and high-dose treated groups showed a significant decrease in body weight. The SOD and MDA indicated significantly lower and higher values respectively in the low and high-dose treated groups when compared to the control rats. However, no significant difference in SOD values was seen between the low and high dose treated groups. The ALT, AST, and ALP values indicated significantly higher values in the low and high-dose treated groups compared to the control group. More so, dose-dependent increases were also observed in AST and ALT. However, ALP indicated no significant difference between the control and the low-dose treated rats. In addition, cTnT and cTnI values indicated significantly higher values in the low and high-dose treated groups compared to the control group. However, cTnT and cTnI indicated no significant difference between the high-dose and the low-dose treated rats. The P value was set to P=.05\u0000Conclusion: Bonny light crude","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":"28 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139531454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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