Pub Date : 2022-01-05DOI: 10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i130177
M. Begam, S. A. Shampa, Aleya Farzana, M. Chowdhury, S. Tarafder
Introduction: Rickettsial infections are re-emerging diseases and are major causes of febrile illnesses throughout the Asia-Pacific region. It is difficult to diagnose due to the non-specific clinical manifestations, absence of reliable and affordable diagnostic tests thereby contributes to increasing the acute febrile burden and preventive illness in many populations. Undiagnosed or late-diagnosed cases are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Objectives: The study aimed to determine rickettsial disease by Weil-Felix test and to know the frequency of rickettsial diseases in febrile patients presenting to tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: In this study, a total of 135 peripheral blood samples were taken and tested by Weil Felix test from clinically suspected patients of rickettsial fever. Results: Weil- Felix test was positive in 33((24.4%) cases. Of Weil- Felix test-positive cases, OX-2 was positive in 87.87% cases, followed by OX-K (6.06%), OX-19 (3.03%), and both OX-2 & OX-K (3.03%) cases. OX-2 positive cases are suggestive of spotted fever group, OX-K of scrub typhus group, OX-19 of typhus group, and OX-2 & OX-K are suggestive of both spotted fever group and scrub typhus group. This finding suggests that most cases were infected with spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR). Conclusion: Analyzing the present study's findings, it may be concluded that rickettsial infection is not uncommon in Bangladesh. Weil-Felix test can be used in laboratories to diagnose rickettsial diseases where specific reliable serological or molecular test is not available.
{"title":"Serological Evidence of Rickettsial Infection by Weil-Felix Test in Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh","authors":"M. Begam, S. A. Shampa, Aleya Farzana, M. Chowdhury, S. Tarafder","doi":"10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i130177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i130177","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Rickettsial infections are re-emerging diseases and are major causes of febrile illnesses throughout the Asia-Pacific region. It is difficult to diagnose due to the non-specific clinical manifestations, absence of reliable and affordable diagnostic tests thereby contributes to increasing the acute febrile burden and preventive illness in many populations. Undiagnosed or late-diagnosed cases are associated with high morbidity and mortality. \u0000Objectives: The study aimed to determine rickettsial disease by Weil-Felix test and to know the frequency of rickettsial diseases in febrile patients presenting to tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. \u0000Methods: In this study, a total of 135 peripheral blood samples were taken and tested by Weil Felix test from clinically suspected patients of rickettsial fever. \u0000Results: Weil- Felix test was positive in 33((24.4%) cases. Of Weil- Felix test-positive cases, OX-2 was positive in 87.87% cases, followed by OX-K (6.06%), OX-19 (3.03%), and both OX-2 & OX-K (3.03%) cases. OX-2 positive cases are suggestive of spotted fever group, OX-K of scrub typhus group, OX-19 of typhus group, and OX-2 & OX-K are suggestive of both spotted fever group and scrub typhus group. This finding suggests that most cases were infected with spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR). \u0000Conclusion: Analyzing the present study's findings, it may be concluded that rickettsial infection is not uncommon in Bangladesh. Weil-Felix test can be used in laboratories to diagnose rickettsial diseases where specific reliable serological or molecular test is not available.","PeriodicalId":8536,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84180460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i430176
Maria Fátima, N. ul Haq, A. Nasim, M. Bibi, K. Ali, Nelofer Ereej, Rida Naveed
Background: Depression is one of the most prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disorders in the world. Women are more likely to suffer from depression compared with men. Aim: This study aimed to examine the prevalence of depression symptoms among the population and the relationships between gender and depressive symptoms along with severity level. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from June 2020 to March 2021 in a different area of Quetta city. Methodology: A total of 502 participants (female 274, male 228) with ages ranging from 18 to 80 years. The study used Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQ-9) which are already validated (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.844) and available online, along with the questionnaire; certain demographic characteristics are also added to measure the symptoms of depression. SPSS Version 26. Mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage, Chi-square test and Man Whitney U- test were applied for statistical analysis. Results: The results showed that 316 (63%) participants were reported having depressive symptoms. Of these 316 participants, 166 (33.1%) persons were suffering from mild, 87 (17.3%) from moderate, and 63 (12.6%) from severe depression symptoms out of all those who had symptoms of depression 195(61%) were female. Further it is disclosed that gender is statistically significant demographic characters that influence the prevalence of depression p < 0.01. Conclusion: Study concluded that gender had a significant role on depression and the increase number of females suggest that female having more depression as compare to males.
{"title":"Impact of Gender on the Prevalence of Depression in the Population of Quetta, Pakistan","authors":"Maria Fátima, N. ul Haq, A. Nasim, M. Bibi, K. Ali, Nelofer Ereej, Rida Naveed","doi":"10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i430176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i430176","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Depression is one of the most prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disorders in the world. Women are more likely to suffer from depression compared with men. \u0000Aim: This study aimed to examine the prevalence of depression symptoms among the population and the relationships between gender and depressive symptoms along with severity level. \u0000Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from June 2020 to March 2021 in a different area of Quetta city. \u0000Methodology: A total of 502 participants (female 274, male 228) with ages ranging from 18 to 80 years. The study used Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQ-9) which are already validated (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.844) and available online, along with the questionnaire; certain demographic characteristics are also added to measure the symptoms of depression. SPSS Version 26. Mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage, Chi-square test and Man Whitney U- test were applied for statistical analysis. \u0000Results: The results showed that 316 (63%) participants were reported having depressive symptoms. Of these 316 participants, 166 (33.1%) persons were suffering from mild, 87 (17.3%) from moderate, and 63 (12.6%) from severe depression symptoms out of all those who had symptoms of depression 195(61%) were female. Further it is disclosed that gender is statistically significant demographic characters that influence the prevalence of depression p < 0.01. \u0000Conclusion: Study concluded that gender had a significant role on depression and the increase number of females suggest that female having more depression as compare to males.","PeriodicalId":8536,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85251903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i430175
S. Ojeka, T. G. Ibulubo, F. Saronee, E. E. Onwoke
Introduction: Anthropometric parameters refer to several quantitative measurements of the body adipose and muscle composition. It serves as an important indicator of nutritive status and physical fitness among adults as well as children. Aim: This research aims to ascertain the relationship between anthropometric parameters and fasting blood sugar in healthy young adults. Methodology: This is a randomized cross sectional observational study. 220 apparently healthy students (54 male and 166 female) of Rivers State College of Health Sciences and Management Technology, Port Harcourt were recruited into the study. Anthropometric measurements including Waist Circumference (cm), Abdominal Circumference (cm), Hip Circumference (cm), were taken alongside Fasting blood sugar. Results: Males respondents were observed to have slightly higher values of waist, abdominal and hip circumferences while females were observed to have slightly higher values of waist to hip ratio. A significant positive correlation between fasting blood glucose and HC (r=0.165, p<0.05) was observed while showing a significant negative correlation between fasting blood sugar and WHR (r=-0.149, p<0.05). Conclusion: Waist, abdominal, hip circumferences and BMI are determined by gender, age and metabolic changes.
{"title":"Relationship between Anthropometric Parameters and Fasting Blood Sugar in Apparently Healthy Young Adults","authors":"S. Ojeka, T. G. Ibulubo, F. Saronee, E. E. Onwoke","doi":"10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i430175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i430175","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anthropometric parameters refer to several quantitative measurements of the body adipose and muscle composition. It serves as an important indicator of nutritive status and physical fitness among adults as well as children. \u0000Aim: This research aims to ascertain the relationship between anthropometric parameters and fasting blood sugar in healthy young adults. \u0000Methodology: This is a randomized cross sectional observational study. 220 apparently healthy students (54 male and 166 female) of Rivers State College of Health Sciences and Management Technology, Port Harcourt were recruited into the study. Anthropometric measurements including Waist Circumference (cm), Abdominal Circumference (cm), Hip Circumference (cm), were taken alongside Fasting blood sugar. \u0000Results: Males respondents were observed to have slightly higher values of waist, abdominal and hip circumferences while females were observed to have slightly higher values of waist to hip ratio. A significant positive correlation between fasting blood glucose and HC (r=0.165, p<0.05) was observed while showing a significant negative correlation between fasting blood sugar and WHR (r=-0.149, p<0.05). \u0000Conclusion: Waist, abdominal, hip circumferences and BMI are determined by gender, age and metabolic changes.","PeriodicalId":8536,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73274344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-18DOI: 10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i430174
A. Suneetha, G. Priyadarshini, V. Mounika, G. Aparna
A simple, accurate, rapid and precise isocratic reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for determination of Doravirine in tablets. The chromatographic separation was carried out on Dionex C18 (250 x 4.6mm, 5µ) with a mixture of methanol: 0.05M potassium dihydrogen phosphate (40:60%v/v) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. UV detection was performed at 306 nm. The retention time was 5.24 min for Doravirine. Calibration plot was linear (r2=0.999) over the concentration range of 200-600 µg/mL. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity, robustness, LOD and LOQ. The proposed method was successfully used for quantitative analysis of tablets. No interference from any component of pharmaceutical dosage form was observed. Validation studies revealed that method is specific, rapid, reliable, and reproducible. The high recovery and low relative standard deviation confirm the suitability of the method for routine determination of Doravirine in bulk and tablet dosage form.
{"title":"Development & Validation of RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Doravirine in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form","authors":"A. Suneetha, G. Priyadarshini, V. Mounika, G. Aparna","doi":"10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i430174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i430174","url":null,"abstract":"A simple, accurate, rapid and precise isocratic reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for determination of Doravirine in tablets. The chromatographic separation was carried out on Dionex C18 (250 x 4.6mm, 5µ) with a mixture of methanol: 0.05M potassium dihydrogen phosphate (40:60%v/v) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. UV detection was performed at 306 nm. The retention time was 5.24 min for Doravirine. Calibration plot was linear (r2=0.999) over the concentration range of 200-600 µg/mL. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity, robustness, LOD and LOQ. The proposed method was successfully used for quantitative analysis of tablets. No interference from any component of pharmaceutical dosage form was observed. Validation studies revealed that method is specific, rapid, reliable, and reproducible. The high recovery and low relative standard deviation confirm the suitability of the method for routine determination of Doravirine in bulk and tablet dosage form.","PeriodicalId":8536,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85918971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i430173
Bayrakçi Onur
Background: Primary hyperhidrosis is excessive sweating localized to different parts of the body, mostly on the hands. It is exact cause unknown, negatively affects the psychosocial structure of the person and a clinically important health problem. Aims: In the study, it was aimed to examine the effects of drugs used on primary hyperhidrosis. Study Design: The drugs used by the patients who applied to the thoracic surgery clinic with the complaint of sweating and their effects were analyzed retrospectively. Ersin Arslan Training and Research Hospital Thoracic Surgery Clinic between January 1, 2015, and September 30, 2021 (outcomes of seven years). Methodology: A total of 120 patients(45 female, 75 male and age range 8-67) with sweating complaints were identified. Age, gender, sweating localization and drugs used were examined. Statistically, data were analyzed with 95% confidence interval(CI) and Chi Square test. Results: A total of 120 patients were analyzed. 37.5% were female and 62.5% male.The mean age was 27.1±1.54 years.Patients were use 23.4% Aluminum hydrochloride cream),20.8% Bornaprine hydrochloride, 20% Hyoscine-N-butylbromide.According to sweating localizations;42.6% palmar only, 18.7% palmar and axilla, 18.7% palmar and craniofacial, 7.8% palmar and plantar, 5.9% diffuse, 4.5% cranial, 1.8% palmar and abdomen.It is more often between ages of 21-30 and in male.According to the complaints of patients with a history of using medical treatment; there were 34.5% partial response and 20.2% complete response, and no response to medical treatment in 45.3%. Conclusion: In the study; according to the localization of sweating;Aluminum hydrochloride cream reduces sweating on the palmar, and Hyoscine-N-butylbromide reduces axillary and palmar sweating. Bornaprine hydrochloride reduces sweating on all localizations except craniofacial and abdomen, and is related with a complete response on palmar sweating.According to sweating localizations; although there are localizations where all three drugs used are effective, it has been concluded that these drugs used in primary hyperhidrosis do not respond fully at a high rate.
{"title":"Effects of Medical Drugs According to Sweating Localization in Primary Hyperhidrosis","authors":"Bayrakçi Onur","doi":"10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i430173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i430173","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Primary hyperhidrosis is excessive sweating localized to different parts of the body, mostly on the hands. It is exact cause unknown, negatively affects the psychosocial structure of the person and a clinically important health problem. \u0000Aims: In the study, it was aimed to examine the effects of drugs used on primary hyperhidrosis. \u0000Study Design: The drugs used by the patients who applied to the thoracic surgery clinic with the complaint of sweating and their effects were analyzed retrospectively. Ersin Arslan Training and Research Hospital Thoracic Surgery Clinic between January 1, 2015, and September 30, 2021 (outcomes of seven years). \u0000Methodology: A total of 120 patients(45 female, 75 male and age range 8-67) with sweating complaints were identified. Age, gender, sweating localization and drugs used were examined. Statistically, data were analyzed with 95% confidence interval(CI) and Chi Square test. \u0000Results: A total of 120 patients were analyzed. 37.5% were female and 62.5% male.The mean age was 27.1±1.54 years.Patients were use 23.4% Aluminum hydrochloride cream),20.8% Bornaprine hydrochloride, 20% Hyoscine-N-butylbromide.According to sweating localizations;42.6% palmar only, 18.7% palmar and axilla, 18.7% palmar and craniofacial, 7.8% palmar and plantar, 5.9% diffuse, 4.5% cranial, 1.8% palmar and abdomen.It is more often between ages of 21-30 and in male.According to the complaints of patients with a history of using medical treatment; there were 34.5% partial response and 20.2% complete response, and no response to medical treatment in 45.3%. \u0000Conclusion: In the study; according to the localization of sweating;Aluminum hydrochloride cream reduces sweating on the palmar, and Hyoscine-N-butylbromide reduces axillary and palmar sweating. Bornaprine hydrochloride reduces sweating on all localizations except craniofacial and abdomen, and is related with a complete response on palmar sweating.According to sweating localizations; although there are localizations where all three drugs used are effective, it has been concluded that these drugs used in primary hyperhidrosis do not respond fully at a high rate.","PeriodicalId":8536,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87407602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i430172
Sharique Ahmad, Tanish Baqar, Shivani Singh, S. Wasim, Shivangi Shukla, H. Parveen
As in our body, brain is the most powerful part and our mind could be excellent healing tool when any chance is provided. The idea that our brain can be one of the convincing parts in our body for the fake treatment is the real point this is called as placebo effect [1]. This effect refers to the impact of placebo on any one. However, treatments which are not active also were also demonstrated measurable and positive health response [2]. The ability of placebo effect is reviewed as psychological process [1]. In some cases, placebos can exert an influence powerful enough to mimic the effects of real medical treatments. This effect is more than positive thinking [3]. When this response occurs, many people have no idea they are responding to what is essentially a "sugar pill." Placebos are often utilized in medical research to help doctors and scientists discover and better perceive the physiological and mental effects new medications [2] For exactly understanding the placebo effect importance it is crucial to know more about how and why it works. This article explains how this effect is recognized in modern medicine and elements of placebo effect and suggests few conditions under which making utilization of therapeutic potential of this effect could be ethically acceptable, if not warranted.
{"title":"Placebo effect unboxed: A Review","authors":"Sharique Ahmad, Tanish Baqar, Shivani Singh, S. Wasim, Shivangi Shukla, H. Parveen","doi":"10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i430172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i430172","url":null,"abstract":"As in our body, brain is the most powerful part and our mind could be excellent healing tool when any chance is provided. The idea that our brain can be one of the convincing parts in our body for the fake treatment is the real point this is called as placebo effect [1]. This effect refers to the impact of placebo on any one. However, treatments which are not active also were also demonstrated measurable and positive health response [2]. The ability of placebo effect is reviewed as psychological process [1]. In some cases, placebos can exert an influence powerful enough to mimic the effects of real medical treatments. This effect is more than positive thinking [3]. When this response occurs, many people have no idea they are responding to what is essentially a \"sugar pill.\" Placebos are often utilized in medical research to help doctors and scientists discover and better perceive the physiological and mental effects new medications [2] For exactly understanding the placebo effect importance it is crucial to know more about how and why it works. This article explains how this effect is recognized in modern medicine and elements of placebo effect and suggests few conditions under which making utilization of therapeutic potential of this effect could be ethically acceptable, if not warranted.","PeriodicalId":8536,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77479571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-30DOI: 10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i430170
S. Okoro, Stephen I. Omeodu, Favour Uzoma Iyke-David
Aim: This study evaluated the efficacy of aqueous extract of Acalypha godseffiana leaves against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and organ damage in wistar rats by measuring hepatotoxic biomarkers, nephrotoxicity and status of the antioxidant defense system. Study Design: Twenty-five rats, randomly divided into five groups, were used in this study. Fresh leaves of Acalypha godseffiana leaves were air-dried, ground into fine powder and used in the preparation of an aqueous extract. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Physiology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria between November 2020 and April 2021. Methodology: Oxidative stress and toxicity was induced using 5ml of 6% H2O2. Treated rats received A. godseffiana aqueous leaf extract at various doses: 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. The rats were fasted for 24 h prior to sampling and then mildly anesthetized with chloroform. Biochemical assays and histological studies were conducted at days 14 and 28 respectively. Results: There was significant (P<0.05) increase in plasma levels of AST in the H2O2 -treated group as compared with the negative control which recorded 105.00 ± 3.00 and 107.50 ± 7.50 (µ/L) at day 14 and 28 respectively. The H2O2 group showed significant (P<0.05) increases in plasma levels of K-, Na+, Urea, Cl- and HCO3- as compared with the negative control. A. godseffiana-treated rats showed significant (P<0.05) increase in serum levels of GSH, Catalase and SOD. Photomicrographs obtained showed histologically distorted liver and kidney tissues in the H2O2 group at days 14 and 28. Overall, the architecture of the liver was preserved by the administered aqueous leaf extract of A. godseffiana. Conclusion: Data obtained from this study suggest that A. godseffiana leaves exhibit promising antioxidant and hepatoprotective potency, and consequently has ameliorative effects against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and organ damage in wistar rats.
{"title":"Antioxidant Potentials of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Acalypha godseffiana on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats","authors":"S. Okoro, Stephen I. Omeodu, Favour Uzoma Iyke-David","doi":"10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i430170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i430170","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study evaluated the efficacy of aqueous extract of Acalypha godseffiana leaves against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and organ damage in wistar rats by measuring hepatotoxic biomarkers, nephrotoxicity and status of the antioxidant defense system. \u0000Study Design: Twenty-five rats, randomly divided into five groups, were used in this study. Fresh leaves of Acalypha godseffiana leaves were air-dried, ground into fine powder and used in the preparation of an aqueous extract. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Physiology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria between November 2020 and April 2021. \u0000Methodology: Oxidative stress and toxicity was induced using 5ml of 6% H2O2. Treated rats received A. godseffiana aqueous leaf extract at various doses: 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. The rats were fasted for 24 h prior to sampling and then mildly anesthetized with chloroform. Biochemical assays and histological studies were conducted at days 14 and 28 respectively. \u0000Results: There was significant (P<0.05) increase in plasma levels of AST in the H2O2 -treated group as compared with the negative control which recorded 105.00 ± 3.00 and 107.50 ± 7.50 (µ/L) at day 14 and 28 respectively. The H2O2 group showed significant (P<0.05) increases in plasma levels of K-, Na+, Urea, Cl- and HCO3- as compared with the negative control. A. godseffiana-treated rats showed significant (P<0.05) increase in serum levels of GSH, Catalase and SOD. Photomicrographs obtained showed histologically distorted liver and kidney tissues in the H2O2 group at days 14 and 28. Overall, the architecture of the liver was preserved by the administered aqueous leaf extract of A. godseffiana. \u0000Conclusion: Data obtained from this study suggest that A. godseffiana leaves exhibit promising antioxidant and hepatoprotective potency, and consequently has ameliorative effects against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and organ damage in wistar rats.","PeriodicalId":8536,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83014298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i330167
O. E. Obolo, D. Oloruntoba, J. O. Borode
API5L Steel is known as one of the most useful materials on earth which is also subject to corrosion in certain environments. Many methods have been used to minimize its corrosion, but the use of inhibitors is widely accepted. The use of green inhibitors has gained wide usage because of their environmental friendliness. The theoretical investigations of isoniazid as corrosion inhibitor was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), whereas theoretically, quantum chemical parameters and molecular dynamic simulations of the inhibitor were studied. The analyses of the experimental results showed that the expired drug (isoniazid) decreased the corrosion rate of API5L steel in a 0.5M H2SO4 medium. The inhibition efficiency decreased with a decrease in inhibitor concentration. FTIR results showed that the inhibition mechanism is physical through the functional groups present in the expired drug. Relying on quantum chemical parameters and molecular dynamic simulations results, the adsorption/binding strength of the concerned inhibitor molecule on API5L steel surface follows a good order. The computed adsorption/binding energy values (Eads) for the various isolated concentrations from the inhibitor indicate the adsorption process to be non-covalent (physiosorption) which is in good agreement with the literature.
{"title":"The Theoretical Investigations and Molecular Dynamic Stimulation of Isoniazid as a Corrosion Inhibitor","authors":"O. E. Obolo, D. Oloruntoba, J. O. Borode","doi":"10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i330167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i330167","url":null,"abstract":"API5L Steel is known as one of the most useful materials on earth which is also subject to corrosion in certain environments. Many methods have been used to minimize its corrosion, but the use of inhibitors is widely accepted. The use of green inhibitors has gained wide usage because of their environmental friendliness. The theoretical investigations of isoniazid as corrosion inhibitor was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), whereas theoretically, quantum chemical parameters and molecular dynamic simulations of the inhibitor were studied. The analyses of the experimental results showed that the expired drug (isoniazid) decreased the corrosion rate of API5L steel in a 0.5M H2SO4 medium. The inhibition efficiency decreased with a decrease in inhibitor concentration. FTIR results showed that the inhibition mechanism is physical through the functional groups present in the expired drug. Relying on quantum chemical parameters and molecular dynamic simulations results, the adsorption/binding strength of the concerned inhibitor molecule on API5L steel surface follows a good order. The computed adsorption/binding energy values (Eads) for the various isolated concentrations from the inhibitor indicate the adsorption process to be non-covalent (physiosorption) which is in good agreement with the literature.","PeriodicalId":8536,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80405463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-07DOI: 10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i330164
I. Okonko, Tochi Ifeoma Cookey, N. Frank-peterside
Background: Hepatitis C affects 5–15% of the 38 million people living with HIV globally. Africa which has the second highest prevalence of HIV/HCV co-infection following Asia. This alarming statistics has made it crucial that studies be done to also ascertain the HIV/HCV co-infection prevalence in the country and host factors which may influence the co-infection. Objective: Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of HCV infection amongst the HIV population of Rivers state, Nigeria. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), in Rivers State, Nigeria, from February 2017 to September 2019. Methods: In this study, 226 HIV-infected individuals were recruited comprising 105 males and 121 females. These subjects were screened for the presence of HIV and HCV using ELISA and was performed according to the kit manufacturer’s stipulations. The demographic characteristics of the participants were obtained using a questionnaire designed for the study. Results: The presence of antibodies to HIV-1 reconfirmed the HIV status in all the study subject. A seroprevalence rate of 0.0% was observed for HIV/HCV infection. The ratio of females to males was found to be 1.2:1. The ages of the study population ranged from 16 to 70 years with a median age of 42.5 years. A large number (30.5%, n = 69) of the participants were within the age group 40 – 49 years, followed by those within 30 – 39 years (26.1%, n= 59), 50 – 59 years (17.3%, n = 39) and >59 years (13.7%, n = 31). Participants that were within younger age groups had less population; 20 – 29 years (9.7%, n = 22), with those that are <20 years having the least population (2.7%, n = 6). Many (49.1%, n = 111) of the study participants were found to be married. About 46.5% (n = 105) of them were single, while a few (4%, n = 10) were widowed. Conclusion: No coinfection of HIV/HCV was found, in spite of Nigeria being endemic for HCV. However, despite this zero rate of HIV/HCV coinfection, routine screening for HCV markers should be carried out to reduce morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected individuals.
{"title":"Zero Prevalence of HIV and HCV Coinfection in the Highly HIV-infected Population of Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"I. Okonko, Tochi Ifeoma Cookey, N. Frank-peterside","doi":"10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i330164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i330164","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis C affects 5–15% of the 38 million people living with HIV globally. Africa which has the second highest prevalence of HIV/HCV co-infection following Asia. This alarming statistics has made it crucial that studies be done to also ascertain the HIV/HCV co-infection prevalence in the country and host factors which may influence the co-infection. \u0000Objective: Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of HCV infection amongst the HIV population of Rivers state, Nigeria. \u0000Study Design: Cross-sectional study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), in Rivers State, Nigeria, from February 2017 to September 2019. \u0000Methods: In this study, 226 HIV-infected individuals were recruited comprising 105 males and 121 females. These subjects were screened for the presence of HIV and HCV using ELISA and was performed according to the kit manufacturer’s stipulations. The demographic characteristics of the participants were obtained using a questionnaire designed for the study. \u0000Results: The presence of antibodies to HIV-1 reconfirmed the HIV status in all the study subject. A seroprevalence rate of 0.0% was observed for HIV/HCV infection. The ratio of females to males was found to be 1.2:1. The ages of the study population ranged from 16 to 70 years with a median age of 42.5 years. A large number (30.5%, n = 69) of the participants were within the age group 40 – 49 years, followed by those within 30 – 39 years (26.1%, n= 59), 50 – 59 years (17.3%, n = 39) and >59 years (13.7%, n = 31). Participants that were within younger age groups had less population; 20 – 29 years (9.7%, n = 22), with those that are <20 years having the least population (2.7%, n = 6). Many (49.1%, n = 111) of the study participants were found to be married. About 46.5% (n = 105) of them were single, while a few (4%, n = 10) were widowed. \u0000Conclusion: No coinfection of HIV/HCV was found, in spite of Nigeria being endemic for HCV. However, despite this zero rate of HIV/HCV coinfection, routine screening for HCV markers should be carried out to reduce morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected individuals.","PeriodicalId":8536,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86956675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-28DOI: 10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i330165
V. O. Chukwube, E. Okonta, Christopher O. Ezugwu, U. Odoh
Aim: Fadogia cienkowskii Scheinf has been used in ethno medicine for the treatment of pyrexia, convulsion in children, inflammation and malaria. The aim of this work is to ascertain the presence of some phytochemicals in the leaf of Fadogia cienkowskii Scheinf and to investigate the antioxidant property of the methanol leaf extract of the plant. Study Design: This work was designed to investigate the presence of some phytochemicals in the plant and to further evaluate the antioxidant property of the methanol leaf extract of the plant using three models. Methodology: The pulverized leaves (1 kg) was extracted with 5.0 L of 95% methanol employing cold maceration technique. The extract obtained was dried using rotatory evaporator. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical evaluations were carried out using standard methods. Antioxidant capacity was investigated using 2,2 diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing antioxidant power and total antioxidant capacity models. Results: The percentage yield of extract is 20%. Flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids and steroids were present in the extract. Total phenol concentration was 0.55+ 0.13 ug/ml. The amount of flavonoid was 3.28+0.01 g by gravimetry with sample weight of 5+0.02 gm. The antioxidant activity of the plant methanol leaf extract showed maximal effect as demonstrated by its EC 50 of 3.811+0.03 ug/ml compared with the ascorbic acid standard 4.989+0.02 ug/ml using DPPH method. This result was validated by the FRAP and TAC models. Conclusion: The presence of polyphenolic biomolecular compounds in the extract confirms the use of the plant in Ethnomedicine.
{"title":"Evaluation of In vitro Antioxidant and Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis of Methanol Leaf Extract of Fadogia cienkowskii Scheinf Fam. Rubiaceae","authors":"V. O. Chukwube, E. Okonta, Christopher O. Ezugwu, U. Odoh","doi":"10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i330165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2021/v10i330165","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Fadogia cienkowskii Scheinf has been used in ethno medicine for the treatment of pyrexia, convulsion in children, inflammation and malaria. The aim of this work is to ascertain the presence of some phytochemicals in the leaf of Fadogia cienkowskii Scheinf and to investigate the antioxidant property of the methanol leaf extract of the plant. \u0000Study Design: This work was designed to investigate the presence of some phytochemicals in the plant and to further evaluate the antioxidant property of the methanol leaf extract of the plant using three models. \u0000Methodology: The pulverized leaves (1 kg) was extracted with 5.0 L of 95% methanol employing cold maceration technique. The extract obtained was dried using rotatory evaporator. \u0000Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical evaluations were carried out using standard methods. Antioxidant capacity was investigated using 2,2 diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing antioxidant power and total antioxidant capacity models. \u0000Results: The percentage yield of extract is 20%. Flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids and steroids were present in the extract. Total phenol concentration was 0.55+ 0.13 ug/ml. The amount of flavonoid was 3.28+0.01 g by gravimetry with sample weight of 5+0.02 gm. The antioxidant activity of the plant methanol leaf extract showed maximal effect as demonstrated by its EC 50 of 3.811+0.03 ug/ml compared with the ascorbic acid standard 4.989+0.02 ug/ml using DPPH method. This result was validated by the FRAP and TAC models. \u0000Conclusion: The presence of polyphenolic biomolecular compounds in the extract confirms the use of the plant in Ethnomedicine.","PeriodicalId":8536,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84402028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：