Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i330190
P. Prasad, S. Raj
This case report describes the very rarest possibility of drug induced hyperkalemia with beta blockers. In literature search only 2 cases were reported as metoprolol succinate induced hyperkalemia in diabetes patients without renal insufficiency. As per FDA reports only 0.5 % patients have reported hyperkalemia induced by metoprolol [1]. Patient is diabetic and hypertensive. And she is on oral hypoglycemic agents, premixed insulin and on beta blockers along with calcium channel blocker. The potassium value was ranging from 6 to 6.7 mmol/l. Evaluated in detail and no other abnormalities noted in laboratory investigations. Once the offending drug metoprolol is withdrawn the potassium value reaches to normal range in very short period.
{"title":"“Modifiable Hyperkalemia with Timely Recognition”- Beta Blocker (Metoprolol succinate) induced","authors":"P. Prasad, S. Raj","doi":"10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i330190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i330190","url":null,"abstract":"This case report describes the very rarest possibility of drug induced hyperkalemia with beta blockers. In literature search only 2 cases were reported as metoprolol succinate induced hyperkalemia in diabetes patients without renal insufficiency. As per FDA reports only 0.5 % patients have reported hyperkalemia induced by metoprolol [1]. Patient is diabetic and hypertensive. And she is on oral hypoglycemic agents, premixed insulin and on beta blockers along with calcium channel blocker. The potassium value was ranging from 6 to 6.7 mmol/l. Evaluated in detail and no other abnormalities noted in laboratory investigations. Once the offending drug metoprolol is withdrawn the potassium value reaches to normal range in very short period.","PeriodicalId":8536,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84544343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-18DOI: 10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i330189
R. S. Kumar, .. Anushree
Corona viruses, a broad group of viruses that have an ability to infect a wide range of animals, or people. It can lead to mild to severe respiratory illnesses. In humans it caused fatal respiratory illness in 2002 and 2012, making it a new concern for public health in the 21st century. Its origin was in Wuhan from where it is rapidly spreading to the rest of the world. In terms of both the number of sick people and the geographic span of epidemic locations, it has crossed the counts of SARS and MERS. The ongoing COVID-19 outbreak has caused a significant threat to worldwide public life.
{"title":"COVID-19 Infection and Prevention: A Brief Review","authors":"R. S. Kumar, .. Anushree","doi":"10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i330189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i330189","url":null,"abstract":"Corona viruses, a broad group of viruses that have an ability to infect a wide range of animals, or people. It can lead to mild to severe respiratory illnesses. In humans it caused fatal respiratory illness in 2002 and 2012, making it a new concern for public health in the 21st century. Its origin was in Wuhan from where it is rapidly spreading to the rest of the world. In terms of both the number of sick people and the geographic span of epidemic locations, it has crossed the counts of SARS and MERS. The ongoing COVID-19 outbreak has caused a significant threat to worldwide public life.","PeriodicalId":8536,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77614596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-11DOI: 10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i230186
Aminayanate M. Aworu, A. B. Chioma, I. Elekima, H. Brown, E. Bartimaeus
Aim: Infertility is a global problem affecting both males and females. It is a condition with psychological, economic, and medical implications resulting in trauma and stress, particularly in a society where there is a strong emphasis on childbearing. The study therefore aims to investigate the pattern of some sperm proteins, anti-oxidants, and prostate-specific antigen in the seminal plasma of infertile males with sperm cell deformities. Study Design: The study is a case-control study designed to investigate semen parameters and sperm proteins in infertile males with sperm cell deformities in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt. However, some of the Laboratory investigations were done in the Chemical Pathology Unit and Medical Microbiology Unit of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt. The Study was between the periods of September 2019 and Feb. 2022. Methodology: A total of 276 males indicated interest to participate in the study of which 193 male subjects were recruited. These subjects were grouped into normospermic males (100), azoospermic (40) and oligospermic males (53). Based on their sperm cell morphology and active motility, they were further classified into asthenozoospermic (40), oligoasthenozoospermic (48), teratozoospermic (26), asthenoteratozoospermic (32), and oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (22). HSP70, PKA, MDA, TAC, and GPX (in seminal plasma), PSA, and testosterone (in serum) were analyzed using ELISA while TAC was done using spectrophotometric methods. Results obtained were statistically analyzed using GraphPad Prism and SPSS. Results: Sperm motility, TSC, and normal sperm morphology were poor in oligospermic subjects but were very severe in OAT subjects. Sperm proteins were altered in subjects with abnormal sperm cell morphologies. HSP70 and PKA were significantly increased while OPN, TAC, and GPX were significantly decreased in the seminal plasma of infertile males with abnormal sperm cells. Testosterone and PSA in blood plasma were significantly lower and higher respectively. Conclusion: Oxidative stress played a significant role in sperm cell deformities and fertility. OAT subjects were the most affected.
{"title":"Pattern of Some Sperm Proteins, Anti-oxidants, Testosterone, and Prostate-Specific Antigen of Infertile Males with Sperm Cell Deformities in Port Harcourt, Rivers State","authors":"Aminayanate M. Aworu, A. B. Chioma, I. Elekima, H. Brown, E. Bartimaeus","doi":"10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i230186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i230186","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Infertility is a global problem affecting both males and females. It is a condition with psychological, economic, and medical implications resulting in trauma and stress, particularly in a society where there is a strong emphasis on childbearing. The study therefore aims to investigate the pattern of some sperm proteins, anti-oxidants, and prostate-specific antigen in the seminal plasma of infertile males with sperm cell deformities. \u0000Study Design: The study is a case-control study designed to investigate semen parameters and sperm proteins in infertile males with sperm cell deformities in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt. However, some of the Laboratory investigations were done in the Chemical Pathology Unit and Medical Microbiology Unit of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt. The Study was between the periods of September 2019 and Feb. 2022. \u0000Methodology: A total of 276 males indicated interest to participate in the study of which 193 male subjects were recruited. These subjects were grouped into normospermic males (100), azoospermic (40) and oligospermic males (53). Based on their sperm cell morphology and active motility, they were further classified into asthenozoospermic (40), oligoasthenozoospermic (48), teratozoospermic (26), asthenoteratozoospermic (32), and oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (22). HSP70, PKA, MDA, TAC, and GPX (in seminal plasma), PSA, and testosterone (in serum) were analyzed using ELISA while TAC was done using spectrophotometric methods. Results obtained were statistically analyzed using GraphPad Prism and SPSS. \u0000Results: Sperm motility, TSC, and normal sperm morphology were poor in oligospermic subjects but were very severe in OAT subjects. Sperm proteins were altered in subjects with abnormal sperm cell morphologies. HSP70 and PKA were significantly increased while OPN, TAC, and GPX were significantly decreased in the seminal plasma of infertile males with abnormal sperm cells. Testosterone and PSA in blood plasma were significantly lower and higher respectively. \u0000Conclusion: Oxidative stress played a significant role in sperm cell deformities and fertility. OAT subjects were the most affected.","PeriodicalId":8536,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81463692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i230185
C. Sampson K. P., Woode Eric
Aims: to identify elements of pharmaceutical care and to what extend it is practiced in these hospitals and to identify any drug-related therapeutic problems and determine the perceived importance of pharmaceutical care. Study Design: A prospective, cross-sectional descriptive survey was carried out among hospital pharmacists and some selected physicians and physician assistants working at two major tertiary healthcare facilities in Liberia. Place and Duration of Study: John F. Kennedy Memorial Hospital, and Eternal Love Winning Africa Hospital, between August, 2021 and October, 2021. Methodology: Pretested structured questionnaires covering demographics and the key elements of pharmaceutical care documentation was administered randomly to 43 health professionals in these hospitals and collected for compilations and analysis. Results: Twenty percent (20.9%) confirmed the documentation of pharmaceutical care elements in both facilities, and 18.6% confirmed the documentations of interventions. Methods used in documentation are paper (13.9%), manual (72.1%) and computers (6.9%) respectively. Unnecessary drug therapy/unwanted indication, adverse drug reactions, drug interactions, need for additional drugs, dosage too high, dosage too low, wrong drugs, and inappropriate compliance are the drug therapy problems that exist at both facilities. The overall percentage of all the drug therapy problems is twenty-five percent (25.6%), of which most are highlighted at John F. Kennedy Memorial Hospital, though these problems exist at both hospitals. There is an increase in drug therapy problems and a decrease in standard documentation format and method used to document pharmaceutical care at both hospitals. Thirty-nine percent (39.5 %) of the respondents recognized the importance of the documentation of pharmaceutical care (PC). Conclusion: The study findings revealed that there is semblance of elements of pharmaceutical care activities at the both hospitals, but it is limited. Inadequate documentations of PC interventions coupled with primitive methods of recording PC data are highlighted by respondents. The practice of pharmaceutical care in the Liberia’s healthcare system can greatly improve the quality of pharmaceutical services and enhance the quality of life and therapeutic outcomes to patients/clients.
{"title":"Investigation of Pharmaceutical Care Practice in Two Tertiary Health Care Facilities in Central Monrovia, Liberia","authors":"C. Sampson K. P., Woode Eric","doi":"10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i230185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i230185","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: to identify elements of pharmaceutical care and to what extend it is practiced in these hospitals and to identify any drug-related therapeutic problems and determine the perceived importance of pharmaceutical care. \u0000Study Design: A prospective, cross-sectional descriptive survey was carried out among hospital pharmacists and some selected physicians and physician assistants working at two major tertiary healthcare facilities in Liberia. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: John F. Kennedy Memorial Hospital, and Eternal Love Winning Africa Hospital, between August, 2021 and October, 2021. \u0000Methodology: Pretested structured questionnaires covering demographics and the key elements of pharmaceutical care documentation was administered randomly to 43 health professionals in these hospitals and collected for compilations and analysis. \u0000Results: Twenty percent (20.9%) confirmed the documentation of pharmaceutical care elements in both facilities, and 18.6% confirmed the documentations of interventions. Methods used in documentation are paper (13.9%), manual (72.1%) and computers (6.9%) respectively. Unnecessary drug therapy/unwanted indication, adverse drug reactions, drug interactions, need for additional drugs, dosage too high, dosage too low, wrong drugs, and inappropriate compliance are the drug therapy problems that exist at both facilities. The overall percentage of all the drug therapy problems is twenty-five percent (25.6%), of which most are highlighted at John F. Kennedy Memorial Hospital, though these problems exist at both hospitals. There is an increase in drug therapy problems and a decrease in standard documentation format and method used to document pharmaceutical care at both hospitals. Thirty-nine percent (39.5 %) of the respondents recognized the importance of the documentation of pharmaceutical care (PC). \u0000Conclusion: The study findings revealed that there is semblance of elements of pharmaceutical care activities at the both hospitals, but it is limited. Inadequate documentations of PC interventions coupled with primitive methods of recording PC data are highlighted by respondents. The practice of pharmaceutical care in the Liberia’s healthcare system can greatly improve the quality of pharmaceutical services and enhance the quality of life and therapeutic outcomes to patients/clients.","PeriodicalId":8536,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89747800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-22DOI: 10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i230183
Chirag I Parmar, N. Joshi, Prachi Modi, P. Bhavsar, Nishtha Desai, Adil Patel
Aim: This review aims to compile information related to marketed oral spray preparation along with their formulation and clinical application. Objective: The main objective of this overview is to study the marketed oral spray dosage form for treatment of different diseases and learn about its advantages over the other oral dosage forms e.g. tablet, capsule, patches etc. Description: Oral spray with Mucoadhesive polymers forms small droplets that quickly adheres to the mucosal surface and let the drug permeate into the blood circulation easily. The oral mucosa has shown promising results for the systemic absorption of many drugs owing to the highly permeable nature of the mucosal membrane. Oral sprays are very fast, the most effective and easy way to get daily dose vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients ingredients. Due to this advantage oral sprays have emerged as an effective alternative for bypassing extensive first pass effect. Conclusion: It has been a very well known fact that the oral route of administration is the most popular route of drug administration. However the drwabacks like extensive first pass metabolism and drug degradation in stomach makes this route not suitable for all drugs and thus an alternative oral drug delivery systems are necessary to explaoint benefits of oral route. Many researchers are working to develop oral spray formulations for drugs which need quick permeation followed by quick onset of action and also provide an effective alternative of conventional oral drug delivery systems.
{"title":"Oral Spray – A Review on Promising Drug Delivery System for Oral Cavity","authors":"Chirag I Parmar, N. Joshi, Prachi Modi, P. Bhavsar, Nishtha Desai, Adil Patel","doi":"10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i230183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i230183","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This review aims to compile information related to marketed oral spray preparation along with their formulation and clinical application. \u0000Objective: The main objective of this overview is to study the marketed oral spray dosage form for treatment of different diseases and learn about its advantages over the other oral dosage forms e.g. tablet, capsule, patches etc. \u0000Description: Oral spray with Mucoadhesive polymers forms small droplets that quickly adheres to the mucosal surface and let the drug permeate into the blood circulation easily. The oral mucosa has shown promising results for the systemic absorption of many drugs owing to the highly permeable nature of the mucosal membrane. Oral sprays are very fast, the most effective and easy way to get daily dose vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients ingredients. Due to this advantage oral sprays have emerged as an effective alternative for bypassing extensive first pass effect. \u0000Conclusion: It has been a very well known fact that the oral route of administration is the most popular route of drug administration. However the drwabacks like extensive first pass metabolism and drug degradation in stomach makes this route not suitable for all drugs and thus an alternative oral drug delivery systems are necessary to explaoint benefits of oral route. Many researchers are working to develop oral spray formulations for drugs which need quick permeation followed by quick onset of action and also provide an effective alternative of conventional oral drug delivery systems.","PeriodicalId":8536,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79665757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i230182
Doris Nnenna Ajibo, Ifeoma Cynthia Ekenna
Obesity is a metabolic disease caused by a large buildup of fat in the body and a deficit in energy consumption compared to energy disposal. It has been related to a shorter life expectancy, has been connected to various cancer types, and has been linked to secondary metabolic illnesses such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Due to an increase in white adipose tissue deposition, oxidative stress can lead to obesity, and obesity can lead to increased oxidative stress in the body. Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone) is an endogenous anti-oxidant with anti-oxidant properties that aids to reduce oxidative stress. It boosts the anti-oxidant activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, reduces lipid peroxidation, neutralises free radicals, and promotes vitamin E and C regeneration in the body. It can be found in the form of ubiquinol or ubiquinone. CoQ10 may be found in both diet and supplements. It can be made as a syrup, tablet, soft gel capsule, hard shell capsule, or oral powder as a supplement. It is classified as a biopharmaceutical class II compound with low solubility but good permeability. When CoQ10 supplement is taken with a fatty meal, its bioavailability is increased. CoQ10 slows the evolution of obesity-related atherosclerosis and helps to mitigate the harmful bodily environment caused by obesity.
{"title":"Modulation of Obesity in Sub-Saharan Africa Using Coenzyme Q10","authors":"Doris Nnenna Ajibo, Ifeoma Cynthia Ekenna","doi":"10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i230182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i230182","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a metabolic disease caused by a large buildup of fat in the body and a deficit in energy consumption compared to energy disposal. It has been related to a shorter life expectancy, has been connected to various cancer types, and has been linked to secondary metabolic illnesses such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Due to an increase in white adipose tissue deposition, oxidative stress can lead to obesity, and obesity can lead to increased oxidative stress in the body. Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone) is an endogenous anti-oxidant with anti-oxidant properties that aids to reduce oxidative stress. It boosts the anti-oxidant activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, reduces lipid peroxidation, neutralises free radicals, and promotes vitamin E and C regeneration in the body. It can be found in the form of ubiquinol or ubiquinone. CoQ10 may be found in both diet and supplements. It can be made as a syrup, tablet, soft gel capsule, hard shell capsule, or oral powder as a supplement. It is classified as a biopharmaceutical class II compound with low solubility but good permeability. When CoQ10 supplement is taken with a fatty meal, its bioavailability is increased. CoQ10 slows the evolution of obesity-related atherosclerosis and helps to mitigate the harmful bodily environment caused by obesity.","PeriodicalId":8536,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82876410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-23DOI: 10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i130181
S. Firoz, S. Rajasekaran
Aim: The present research is focused on preparation of Thermoreversible gels and screening ex vivo anti-inflammatory activity using croton oil induced hemorrhoid model. Study Design: The animals were divided into four groups, n=8. After overnight fasting, hemorrhoids were induced by inserting sterile cotton swabs soaked in croton oil preparation into the anus of all group animals except normal control group. Place and Duration of Study: Depart of Pharmacology, Sree Vidyanikethan College of Pharmacy, Tirupati. between October 2021 to December 2021 Methodology: Experimental runs for optimization of formulation with the help of 23 factorial designs were designed [1]. Design of Expert program 6.0.6 (Stat-Ease Inc. Minneapolis, MN) was used to create formulations. Formulations were optimized using full factorial design. In situ rectal gel was prepared by the cold method [2]. As shown in Table 1, P188 was dissolved in DDW (de-ionized distilled water) including drug (1% w/v) at room temperature, and it was stored at 4°C for complete solubilization of P188. Carbopol solubilized in DDW, HPMC K4M and other mucoadhesive polymers were then slowly added to the prepared solution with continuous agitation at 4°C, and were kept for 24 h before their use. The composition of developed gel formulations is summarized in Table 1. Results: Results In the first set of experiment, the application of croton oil to recto anal portion of rats induced significant increase in the Recto anal coefficient and serum level of pro inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, and TNF (-a) it also showed a significant increase in recto anal portion compared to normal control animals. However, the treatment with Sucralfate containing Thermoreversible gels has maintained the RAC and Interleukin -6 levels near to normal control group. These findings were further supported by histopathological examination wherein the animals treated with optimized formulation showed significant reversal in the severity of inflammation, vasodilatation in the recto anal portion, and presence of inflammatory cells. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that the improved experimental model described in the present work has advantages and the model has a provision for quantifying the inflammatory exudates in the induced experimental hemorrhoids. Also, it was found that, the optimized formulation ameliorated the croton oil-induced hemorrhoids in rats.
目的:研究热可逆凝胶的制备及其体外抗炎作用。研究设计:将动物分为4组，每组8只。禁食一夜后，除正常对照组外，其余各组动物肛门内均插入浸泡过巴豆油制剂的无菌棉签诱导痔疮。学习地点和时间:Tirupati Sree Vidyanikethan药学院药学系。方法学:设计了23个因子设计的配方优化实验运行[1]。专家程序设计6.0.6 (Stat-Ease Inc.)明尼阿波利斯，MN)被用来创建配方。采用全因子设计对配方进行优化。采用冷法制备原位直肠凝胶[2]。如表1所示，将P188溶解在DDW(去离子蒸馏水)中，其中包括药物(1)% w/v) at room temperature, and it was stored at 4°C for complete solubilization of P188. Carbopol solubilized in DDW, HPMC K4M and other mucoadhesive polymers were then slowly added to the prepared solution with continuous agitation at 4°C, and were kept for 24 h before their use. The composition of developed gel formulations is summarized in Table 1. Results: Results In the first set of experiment, the application of croton oil to recto anal portion of rats induced significant increase in the Recto anal coefficient and serum level of pro inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, and TNF (-a) it also showed a significant increase in recto anal portion compared to normal control animals. However, the treatment with Sucralfate containing Thermoreversible gels has maintained the RAC and Interleukin -6 levels near to normal control group. These findings were further supported by histopathological examination wherein the animals treated with optimized formulation showed significant reversal in the severity of inflammation, vasodilatation in the recto anal portion, and presence of inflammatory cells. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that the improved experimental model described in the present work has advantages and the model has a provision for quantifying the inflammatory exudates in the induced experimental hemorrhoids. Also, it was found that, the optimized formulation ameliorated the croton oil-induced hemorrhoids in rats.
{"title":"Formulation Design and Ex Vivo Evaluation of Carbopol -Incorporated Mucoadhesive Thermoreversible gels of Sucralfate for Rectal Drug Delivery","authors":"S. Firoz, S. Rajasekaran","doi":"10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i130181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i130181","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The present research is focused on preparation of Thermoreversible gels and screening ex vivo anti-inflammatory activity using croton oil induced hemorrhoid model. \u0000Study Design: The animals were divided into four groups, n=8. After overnight fasting, hemorrhoids were induced by inserting sterile cotton swabs soaked in croton oil preparation into the anus of all group animals except normal control group. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Depart of Pharmacology, Sree Vidyanikethan College of Pharmacy, Tirupati. between October 2021 to December 2021 \u0000Methodology: Experimental runs for optimization of formulation with the help of 23 factorial designs were designed [1]. Design of Expert program 6.0.6 (Stat-Ease Inc. Minneapolis, MN) was used to create formulations. Formulations were optimized using full factorial design. In situ rectal gel was prepared by the cold method [2]. As shown in Table 1, P188 was dissolved in DDW (de-ionized distilled water) including drug (1% w/v) at room temperature, and it was stored at 4°C for complete solubilization of P188. Carbopol solubilized in DDW, HPMC K4M and other mucoadhesive polymers were then slowly added to the prepared solution with continuous agitation at 4°C, and were kept for 24 h before their use. The composition of developed gel formulations is summarized in Table 1. \u0000Results: Results In the first set of experiment, the application of croton oil to recto anal portion of rats induced significant increase in the Recto anal coefficient and serum level of pro inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, and TNF (-a) it also showed a significant increase in recto anal portion compared to normal control animals. However, the treatment with Sucralfate containing Thermoreversible gels has maintained the RAC and Interleukin -6 levels near to normal control group. These findings were further supported by histopathological examination wherein the animals treated with optimized formulation showed significant reversal in the severity of inflammation, vasodilatation in the recto anal portion, and presence of inflammatory cells. \u0000Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that the improved experimental model described in the present work has advantages and the model has a provision for quantifying the inflammatory exudates in the induced experimental hemorrhoids. Also, it was found that, the optimized formulation ameliorated the croton oil-induced hemorrhoids in rats.","PeriodicalId":8536,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80013545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i130180
M. Raju, M. Srivani, N. V. L. Suvarchala Reddy, G. S. Priya
New drug delivery technologies are transforming drug discovery and development, as well as establishing research and development-focused pharmaceutical firms that are accelerating global progress. The bioactive rutin molecule is used in a wide range of food and medicinal goods. Its limited bioavailability and poor water solubility are major issues. Rutin is a polyphenolic natural compound with antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, chemopreventive, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, no research has been published to yet to improve its bioavailability and efficacy. As a result, an attempt was made in this study to load rutin into a nanoparticlulate system in order to improve its bioavailability and efficacy. Six formulations (F1-F6) of nanoparticles were prepared by solvent evaporation technique and were evaluated for particle size and shape using Zeta Sizer, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) Spectroscopy. The optimized formulation was further subjected to in vitro evaluation. Practical percent yield, drug entrapment efficiency and In vitro drug release were evaluated. Out of various formulations F1 have shown best results in particle size 80.71 (1-100 nm), particle shape (spherical nanoparticles with a smoothed surface), average size distribution (105.0), zeta potential (-20.6) percentage yield (70.83), drug entrapment efficiency (83.6%) and drug loading (95%). Pure rutin showed incomplete dissolution of 47.69% in 330 min while Rutin loaded nanoparticles gave 94.75% release in 330 min. It is obvious from the foregoing that rutin chitosan nanoparticles were used as a novel drug delivery technology to improve therapeutic efficacy and sustained release features while overcoming issues such as poor solubility and limited bioavailability.
{"title":"Formulation and Characterization of Rutin Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles","authors":"M. Raju, M. Srivani, N. V. L. Suvarchala Reddy, G. S. Priya","doi":"10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i130180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i130180","url":null,"abstract":"New drug delivery technologies are transforming drug discovery and development, as well as establishing research and development-focused pharmaceutical firms that are accelerating global progress. The bioactive rutin molecule is used in a wide range of food and medicinal goods. Its limited bioavailability and poor water solubility are major issues. Rutin is a polyphenolic natural compound with antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, chemopreventive, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, no research has been published to yet to improve its bioavailability and efficacy. As a result, an attempt was made in this study to load rutin into a nanoparticlulate system in order to improve its bioavailability and efficacy. Six formulations (F1-F6) of nanoparticles were prepared by solvent evaporation technique and were evaluated for particle size and shape using Zeta Sizer, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) Spectroscopy. The optimized formulation was further subjected to in vitro evaluation. Practical percent yield, drug entrapment efficiency and In vitro drug release were evaluated. Out of various formulations F1 have shown best results in particle size 80.71 (1-100 nm), particle shape (spherical nanoparticles with a smoothed surface), average size distribution (105.0), zeta potential (-20.6) percentage yield (70.83), drug entrapment efficiency (83.6%) and drug loading (95%). Pure rutin showed incomplete dissolution of 47.69% in 330 min while Rutin loaded nanoparticles gave 94.75% release in 330 min. It is obvious from the foregoing that rutin chitosan nanoparticles were used as a novel drug delivery technology to improve therapeutic efficacy and sustained release features while overcoming issues such as poor solubility and limited bioavailability.","PeriodicalId":8536,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77478092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-15DOI: 10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i130179
M. Raju, R. Manisha, V. Reddy, M. Niharika
Aims: The present research is focused on screening in vivo anti-ulcer activity using pylorus ligation and ethanol induced ulcer model. Study Design: Fourty eight rats, randomly divided into eight groups, were used in this study. Bark of Alstonia scholaris were air-dried, ground into fine powder and used in the preparation of an ethanolic extract. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Osmania University, Hyderabad between December 2020 and September 2021. Methodology: Ethanol related ulcer was induced using 1 mL/kg b.w, p.o. Treated rats received ethanolic extract of Alstonia scholaris at various doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. Ulcer index, % ulcer protection were calculated and histological studies were conducted at 6 hr after pylorous ligation respectively. Results: Pharmacological estimations were done by means of 200 mg/kg, b.w. and 400 mg/kg, b.w. The total acidity and free acidity were decreased, pH was increased and ulcer index was decreased by Ethanolic extract of Alstonia scholaris (EEAS 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w., p.o.) in pylorus ligation model. Treatment with EEAS (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. p.o.) has significantly decreased the ulcer index by ethanol induced ulcer model. To appreciate the ligand-binding attraction of the dynamic ingredients of the excerpt, docking trainings were accomplished for natural compounds against protein data bank (PDB) ID: 5A5N, PDB ID: 6Q2T, PDB ID: 7MBX, PDB ID: 2FV5. The results revealed that vanillic acid, venoterpine, loganetin, dibutyl phthalate, guaia-3,9- diene, 3,6-Bis[2-methylphenyl]-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c] pyrrole-1,4- dione, 2H-1-Benzopyran- 2-one,7-acetyl-8-[acetyloxy]-4, n-hexadecanoic acid, stigmasterol, diospyrolide, D- Friedoolean-14-en-3-one, betulin, lupeol acetate, pentanoic acid and standard drug omeprazole had shown highest glide scores with all the selected proteins which indicate a stronger receptor-ligand binding affinity. Conclusion: From in vivo and in silico results it is evident that ethanolic bark extract of Alstonia scholaris possessed significant anti-ulcer activity.
{"title":"Anti-ulcer Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Alstonia scholaris Bark: An in vivo and in silico Approach","authors":"M. Raju, R. Manisha, V. Reddy, M. Niharika","doi":"10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i130179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i130179","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The present research is focused on screening in vivo anti-ulcer activity using pylorus ligation and ethanol induced ulcer model. \u0000Study Design: Fourty eight rats, randomly divided into eight groups, were used in this study. Bark of Alstonia scholaris were air-dried, ground into fine powder and used in the preparation of an ethanolic extract. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Osmania University, Hyderabad between December 2020 and September 2021. \u0000Methodology: Ethanol related ulcer was induced using 1 mL/kg b.w, p.o. Treated rats received ethanolic extract of Alstonia scholaris at various doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. Ulcer index, % ulcer protection were calculated and histological studies were conducted at 6 hr after pylorous ligation respectively. \u0000Results: Pharmacological estimations were done by means of 200 mg/kg, b.w. and 400 mg/kg, b.w. The total acidity and free acidity were decreased, pH was increased and ulcer index was decreased by Ethanolic extract of Alstonia scholaris (EEAS 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w., p.o.) in pylorus ligation model. Treatment with EEAS (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. p.o.) has significantly decreased the ulcer index by ethanol induced ulcer model. To appreciate the ligand-binding attraction of the dynamic ingredients of the excerpt, docking trainings were accomplished for natural compounds against protein data bank (PDB) ID: 5A5N, PDB ID: 6Q2T, PDB ID: 7MBX, PDB ID: 2FV5. The results revealed that vanillic acid, venoterpine, loganetin, dibutyl phthalate, guaia-3,9- diene, 3,6-Bis[2-methylphenyl]-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c] pyrrole-1,4- dione, 2H-1-Benzopyran- 2-one,7-acetyl-8-[acetyloxy]-4, n-hexadecanoic acid, stigmasterol, diospyrolide, D- Friedoolean-14-en-3-one, betulin, lupeol acetate, pentanoic acid and standard drug omeprazole had shown highest glide scores with all the selected proteins which indicate a stronger receptor-ligand binding affinity. \u0000Conclusion: From in vivo and in silico results it is evident that ethanolic bark extract of Alstonia scholaris possessed significant anti-ulcer activity.","PeriodicalId":8536,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87974632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-10DOI: 10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i130178
Omelkhir I. Elbanoni, H. A. Elhashmi, Mariam M. Madani, Huda A. Elabbud, Shirin Alougly, Nourz A. Elghariani
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a lethal and rapidly progressive hyper-inflammatory state that lead to development of fulminant multi-organ failure. HLH is divided into primary or familial HLH (FHL) and secondary HLH (sHLH). It can be triggered by a variety of agent that affect the immune system, infection is a common triggering agent. Recently, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread all over the world and was declared a pandemic. COVID-19 infection in children can induce serious hyper-inflammatory syndrome termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). Clinically MIS-C patients present with features that resemble Kawasaki’s disease or toxic shock syndrome and the clinical and laboratory manifestations may also similar to that of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, or macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). The reported HLH syndrome in children with COVID-19 increased during 2020-2021. In this case series we present two pediatric patient diagnosed as sHLH post- COVID-19 infection with a brief literature review of similar pediatric patients.
{"title":"COVID-19 Induced Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohsitocytosis: A Case Series","authors":"Omelkhir I. Elbanoni, H. A. Elhashmi, Mariam M. Madani, Huda A. Elabbud, Shirin Alougly, Nourz A. Elghariani","doi":"10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i130178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i130178","url":null,"abstract":"Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a lethal and rapidly progressive hyper-inflammatory state that lead to development of fulminant multi-organ failure. HLH is divided into primary or familial HLH (FHL) and secondary HLH (sHLH). It can be triggered by a variety of agent that affect the immune system, infection is a common triggering agent. Recently, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread all over the world and was declared a pandemic. COVID-19 infection in children can induce serious hyper-inflammatory syndrome termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). Clinically MIS-C patients present with features that resemble Kawasaki’s disease or toxic shock syndrome and the clinical and laboratory manifestations may also similar to that of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, or macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). \u0000The reported HLH syndrome in children with COVID-19 increased during 2020-2021. In this case series we present two pediatric patient diagnosed as sHLH post- COVID-19 infection with a brief literature review of similar pediatric patients. ","PeriodicalId":8536,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84443341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：