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Antioxidant Activity of Plant Extracts Containing Phenolic Compounds 含酚类化合物的植物提取物的抗氧化活性
Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.14233/ajomc.2023.ajomc-p28926
Bishambar Dayal, Amita Kulkarni, Michael Lea, Gurnoor Kaur, Wangari Karani, Janak Singh
 Polyphenols present in various plant and vegetable extracts possess enormous antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and anti-atherogenic qualities providing medical benefits. Antioxidants scavenge free radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) by interrupting their mechanism of oxidation. Since free radicals cause neurological illnesses, cancer, heart disease, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and lipid and DNA damage, inhibiting their formation has recently been the subject of several medical investigations. Present studies described the determination of total phenolic content and DPPH activity of a large number of commonly used plant and vegetable extracts utilizing Folin-Ciocalte and Soler-Rivas procedures. This study aims to conduct a biochemical analysis of the therapeutic effects of okra, tamarind, and other phenolic compounds. The comparative data provided in this work for antioxidant and polyphenolic substances is expected to be highly valuable for readers who are interested in this subject.
存在于各种植物和蔬菜提取物中的多酚具有巨大的抗氧化、消炎、抗癌和抗动脉粥样硬化作用,可提供医疗益处。抗氧化剂通过干扰自由基和其他活性氧(ROS)的氧化机制来清除它们。由于自由基会导致神经系统疾病、癌症、心脏病、糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化以及脂质和 DNA 损伤,因此抑制自由基的形成最近已成为多项医学研究的主题。目前的研究利用 Folin-Ciocalte 和 Soler-Rivas 程序测定了大量常用植物和蔬菜提取物的总酚含量和 DPPH 活性。本研究旨在对秋葵、罗望子和其他酚类化合物的治疗效果进行生化分析。本研究中提供的抗氧化剂和多酚类物质的比较数据预计对对这一主题感兴趣的读者非常有价值。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis and Characterization of 4-Thiazolidinones Derivatives with 6-Chlorobenzothiazole Moiety 具有 6-氯苯并噻唑分子的 4-噻唑烷酮衍生物的合成与表征
Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.14233/ajomc.2023.ajomc-p30726
Archana Ratnakar Baraskar, Ratnamala P. Sonawane, Yogesh Kshirsagar, S. Pathan
The 4-thiazolidinone ring system is a fundamental structure which is present in a large variety of synthetic pharmaceuticals that has a wide range of potential biological effects. In this work, thioglycolic acid and 6-chloro-N-(substituted benzylidene)benzothiazol-2-amine were condensed in DMF solvent in the presence of ZnCl2 to obtain novel 3- (6-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-(substituted aryl)thiazolidin-4-one derivatives. The structure of the synthesized compounds (3a-j) were confirmed using IR, 1H & 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy.
4-thiazolidinone 环系统是一种基本结构,存在于多种合成药物中,具有广泛的潜在生物效应。在这项工作中,硫代乙醇酸和 6-氯-N-(取代的亚苄基)苯并噻唑-2-胺在 ZnCl2 存在下于 DMF 溶剂中缩合,得到了新型 3-(6-氯苯并[d]噻唑-2-基)-2-(取代的芳基)噻唑烷-4-酮衍生物。利用红外光谱、1H 和 13C NMR 以及质谱确认了合成化合物 (3a-j) 的结构。
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引用次数: 0
Use of Some Metal Ferrites as Catalyst in Aldol Condensation Reaction 几种金属铁氧体用作醛醇缩合反应催化剂的研究
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.14233/ajomc.2022.ajomc-p407
Neha Godha, S. Vyas, S. Kothari, S. Ameta
Two moles of benzaldehyde and one mole of acetone were condensed to afford dibenzalacetone in presence of sodium hydroxide. This aldol condensation was carried out in presence of magnetic copper ferrite, CuFe2O4, which was synthesized by hydrothermal method. Other magnetic ferrites (where M = Ni, Co, Zn and Mg) were also prepared. As-prepared metal ferrites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The copper ferrite was observed to be square shaped and particle size was 29.71 nm. The yield of product (dibenzalacetone) in presence of copper ferrite was found to be highest (90.6%). A comparative study was made with different metal ferrites as catalyst and found that the activity of metal ferrites followed the order: CuFe2O4 > ZnFe2O4 > NiFe2O4 > CoFe2O4 > MgFe2O4
两摩尔苯甲醛和一摩尔丙酮在氢氧化钠的存在下缩合得到二苯甲丙酮。用水热法合成了磁性铁氧体CuFe2O4,并在CuFe2O4存在下进行了醛醇缩合反应。还制备了其他磁性铁氧体(其中M= Ni, Co, Zn和Mg)。采用x射线衍射(XRD)、能量色散x射线能谱(EDX)、扫描电镜(SEM)和x射线光电子能谱(XPS)对制备的金属铁氧体进行了表征。铁素体铜呈方形,粒径为29.71 nm。在铁氧体铜存在下,二苯甲丙酮的收率最高(90.6%)。对不同金属铁氧体作为催化剂进行了对比研究,发现金属铁氧体的活性顺序为:CuFe2O4 > ZnFe2O4 > NiFe2O4 > CoFe2O4 > MgFe2O4
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引用次数: 0
Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Some SubstitutedTriazole Phenyl Methanones from Substituted Anilines 一些取代苯胺取代三唑苯基甲烷的设计、合成及评价
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.14233/ajomc.2022.ajomc-p405
R. Sonawane, M.A. Sagare
Triazoles, a five-membered ring structure and three nitrogen atoms, are regarded as important building blocks for the synthesis of numerous organic compounds. Triazoles and their derivatives have received considerable attention over the past decade due to their chemotherapeutic value. It’s been thought to be a functional core that exhibits most varieties of biological activity mainly antibiotics, antimicrobials and antifungals. In present work, a series of novel substituted triazole phenylmethanones were synthesized using Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction of 1-(5-methyl-1-(substituted phenyl)-1H- 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-ethan-1-one (3a-d) and some aromatic aldehydes. Final compounds (5a-f) were synthesized from compounds 4a-d, hydrazine hydrate and benzoic acid by sequential reactions having intermolecular conjugate addition and formation of hydrazone. All the intermediate and final compounds were characterized from the mass, elemental and 1H NMR spectral data.
三唑,一个五元环结构和三个氮原子,被认为是合成许多有机化合物的重要基石。三唑及其衍生物在过去十年中由于其化疗价值而受到了相当大的关注。它被认为是一个功能核心,展示了大多数生物活性,主要是抗生素、抗菌剂和抗真菌剂。本文以1-(5-甲基-1-(取代苯基)- 1h -1,2,3-三唑-4-基)- ethan1 -one (3a-d)和一些芳香醛为原料,采用Claisen-Schmidt缩合反应合成了一系列新型取代三唑苯甲酮。最终化合物(5a-f)由化合物4a-d、水合肼和苯甲酸通过分子间共轭加成和形成腙的顺序反应合成。所有中间体和终产物均通过质谱、元素谱和1H NMR谱进行了表征。
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引用次数: 0
Application of Gymnema sylvestre Leaves Extract for IronNanoparticles Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity Evaluation 匙羹藤叶提取物在铁纳米颗粒合成及抗菌活性评价中的应用
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.14233/ajomc.2022.ajomc-p406
Sheetal Kumari, Poonam Sheoran, S. Jangra, V. Tiwari
In this research study, iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) were synthesized using Gymnema sylvestre (Asclepiadaceae) leaves extract. Iron(III) ions present in ammonium ferrous sulphate hexahydrate were reduced to FeNPs by phytoconstituents in Gymnema sylvestre leaves extract. The characteristics of biosynthesized FeNPs were studied by using UV-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size analyzer (PSA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The typical absorption peak was found to lie within 650-700 nm due to the excitation of surface plasmon vibration in FeNPs. The spherical structures of FeNPs were found in the range of 8-40 nm with average particle size of 405.8 nm. The antibacterial study of the biosynthesized FeNPs was performed against Gram-positive (B. subtilis) bacteria and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria by the agar well dispersion technique. The zone of inhibition of antibacterial activity of FeNPs against B. subtilis and E. coli bacteria was found to be 27.5 and 29 mm, respectively.
本研究以金缕藤(Gymnema sylvestre)叶提取物为原料合成铁纳米颗粒(FeNPs)。六水硫酸亚铁铵中存在的铁(III)离子被木藤叶提取物中的植物成分还原为FeNPs。采用紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、粒径分析仪(PSA)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)研究了生物合成FeNPs的特性。典型的吸收峰位于650 ~ 700 nm范围内,这是由表面等离子激元振动激发的结果。FeNPs的球形结构在8 ~ 40 nm之间,平均粒径为405.8 nm。采用琼脂孔分散技术对革兰氏阳性菌(枯草芽孢杆菌)和革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌)进行抑菌研究。FeNPs对b的抑菌活性抑制区。枯草杆菌和大肠杆菌分别为27.5 mm和29 mm。
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引用次数: 0
Design, Synthesis, in vitro and in silico Study of5-(Methylthio)-4-(H)-1,2,4-triazole-2-amine and its Derivatives 5-(甲基硫)-4-(H)-1,2,4-三唑-2-胺及其衍生物的设计、合成、体外和硅研究
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.14233/ajomc.2022.ajomc-p401
S. Kadam
In this work, design and synthesis of 5-(methylthio)-4-(H)-1,2,4-triazole-2-amine and its derivatives were carried out using N-cyano-carbonimidodithioic acid dimethyl ester and methane thiol hydrazine monohydrate to obtain an excellent yield of the desired core molecule. It was observed that free -NH2 group available at 2nd position, which itself acts as a pharmacophore useful to connect with alkyl/aryl substituted isocyanate and form urea moiety as a bridge between 5-(methylthio)-4-(H)-1,2,4-triazole and alkyl/aryl substituent which exhibited the antimicrobial and docking activities of the synthesized molecules. The QSAR, toxicokinetics, docking studies with selected antimicrobial PDBs are useful in silco study of derivatives. In this study, it is emphasised that the results obtained in vitro and in silico correspond with each other and provide a better understanding of how and where medications exert their effects at the molecular level. This is based on the fact that the results were found using the same drug.
本工作以n -氰基碳酰亚胺二甲酯和甲烷硫醇肼一水合物为原料,设计合成了5-(甲基硫)-4-(H)-1,2,4-三唑-2-胺及其衍生物,获得了理想的核心分子产率。结果表明,2位有游离的- nh2基团,其本身作为药效团,可与烷基/芳基取代异氰酸酯连接并形成尿素基团,作为5-(甲基硫)-4-(H)-1,2,4-三唑和烷基/芳基取代基之间的桥梁,表现出合成分子的抗菌和对接活性。QSAR,毒性动力学,与选定的抗菌多氯联苯的对接研究对衍生物的研究是有用的。在这项研究中,强调在体外和硅中获得的结果相互对应,并提供了更好的理解药物在分子水平上如何以及在何处发挥其作用。这是基于这样一个事实,即结果是使用同一种药物发现的。
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引用次数: 0
Present State of Knowledge of Chemistry of Our Vision:Photoreceptor Molecules and Vision Cycle 视觉化学知识的现状:感光分子与视觉循环
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.14233/ajomc.2022.ajomc-p409
Ankita Das, Udita Das, A. Das
Vision process involves the participation of two types of retinal photoreceptor cells: rod cells respond to dim light while cone cells respond to bright light and colours. The visual pigments in both types of photoreceptor cells contain the common chromophore, 11-cis-retinal, linked through a Schiff base linkage to the opsin protein, a member of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family, composed of 7- transmembrane helices (a 7TM receptor). Rhodopsin is the visual pigment present in the rod cells while three distinct types of visual pigments known as photopsins (red cones, green cones and blue cones absorbing red, blue and green parts of the visible spectrum respectively) are present in the cone cells. Absorption of light by the visual pigment causes the photoexcitation followed by photoisomerization, 11-cis-retinal (Z) to all-trans-retinal (E) with a high quantum yield through a number of reactive intermediates characterized by low temperature and picosecond (ps) time resolved spectroscopies coupled with femtosecond spectroscopy. This photoisomerization leads to a change in the conformation of opsin GPCR and a signal transduction cascade by activating transducin, a heterotrimeric G-protein, to breakdown the cGMP to close the cGMP-gated cation channels resulting in hyperpolarization of the photoreceptor cell. This action potential creates a nerve signal that is transmitted to the brain to produce the sense of vision. The photoisomerized pigment undergoes rapidly hydrolysis to produce the opsin protein and all trans-retinal, which can be reconverted enzymatically to 11-cis-retinal for recharging opsin to generate the active visual pigment to maintain the vision cycle (Wald cycle). This brief review highlights the state of our understanding of the biology behind the art of vision in humans and other organisms.
视觉过程涉及两种视网膜感光细胞的参与:杆状细胞对昏暗的光线作出反应,而锥状细胞对明亮的光线和颜色作出反应。两种类型的光感受器细胞中的视觉色素都含有共同的发色团,11-顺式视网膜,通过希夫碱基连接到视蛋白,视蛋白是g蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)家族的成员,由7个跨膜螺旋(7TM受体)组成。视紫红质是存在于视杆细胞中的视觉色素,而锥细胞中存在三种不同类型的视觉色素,称为光原(分别吸收可见光谱中的红色、蓝色和绿色部分的红锥、绿锥和蓝锥)。视觉色素对光的吸收引起光激发,随后发生热异构化,11-顺式视网膜(Z)到全反式视网膜(E),通过低温和皮秒(ps)时间分辨光谱耦合飞秒光谱的反应中间体的数量具有高量子产率。这种光异构化导致视蛋白GPCR构象的改变和信号转导级联,通过激活转导蛋白(一种异源三聚体g蛋白)来分解cGMP,关闭cGMP门控的阳离子通道,导致光感受器细胞的超极化。这种动作电位产生一种神经信号,传递到大脑,产生视觉。光异构化的色素经过快速水解产生视蛋白蛋白和所有的反式视网膜,这些反式视网膜可以被酶重新转化为11-顺式视网膜,为视蛋白补充能量,产生活性视觉色素,维持视觉周期(Wald循环)。这篇简短的综述强调了我们对人类和其他生物视觉艺术背后的生物学的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Studies on Phytochemicals, Minerals, Antioxidants and Efficacy of Crude Extracts ofTherapeutic Herbal Potentilla reptans L. on Certain Pathogenic Causal Agents 植物化学物质、矿物质、抗氧化剂及其对某些致病因子的作用研究
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.14233/ajomc.2022.ajomc-p403
M. Devi, N. S. Devi, S. Singh
The crude extract of indigenous herbal Potentilla reptans L. habitat wild belonging to Rosaceae family, has been explored in search of therapeutic compounds that amalgamate as associative phytochemical and phyto mineral constituents. A number of novel bioactive organic compounds viz. antioxidant (30.8 μg/mL), saponin (30 mg/g), flavonoid (10.39 mg/g), alkaloid (30 mg/g), phenol (4.33 mg/g,) tannin (30.74 mg/g) and minerals like magnesium (4.55 mg/g), iron (1.12 mg/g), sulfur (1.85 mg/g), potassium (1.26 mg/g), manganese (0.10 mg/g), calcium (5.16 mg/g), phosphorous (0.14 mg/g), zinc (0.12 mg/g) and copper (0.06 mg/g), an indispensable sources of precious chemo-diversity, the only means for survivability of species forever on earth have depicted. In an antimicrobial test with crude extracts, a strong positive effect against Staphylococcus aureus in bacteria and Candida albicans, Microsporum gypseum in fungi by all extracts of MeOH, EtOAc and CHCl3 was authenticated to the aged old traditional health care system of herbals and novel to unique in home remedy prescriptions.
摘要对蔷薇科野生蕨草的粗提物进行了研究,以寻找具有联合植物化学和植物矿物质成分的治疗性化合物。抗氧化剂(30.8 mg/g)、皂苷(30 mg/g)、类黄酮(10.39 mg/g)、生物碱(30 mg/g)、苯酚(4.33 mg/g)、单宁(30.74 mg/g)等新型生物活性有机化合物,以及镁(4.55 mg/g)、铁(1.12 mg/g)、硫(1.85 mg/g)、钾(1.26 mg/g)、锰(0.10 mg/g)、钙(5.16 mg/g)、磷(0.14 mg/g)、锌(0.12 mg/g)、铜(0.06 mg/g)等矿物质,都是宝贵化学多样性不可或缺的来源。物种在地球上永远生存的唯一途径已经描述过了。在粗提物的抑菌试验中,MeOH、EtOAc和CHCl3三种提取物对细菌中的金黄色葡萄球菌和真菌中的白色念珠菌、真菌中的小孢子菌均有较强的抑菌作用,证实其对传统中药保健体系具有较强的抑菌作用,在家庭偏方处方中具有独特的创新性。
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引用次数: 0
In silico Study, Molecular Docking and Synthesis of 2-Amino thiazoleDerivatives using Green Chemistry Approach as Antioxidant Agent 绿色化学方法下2-氨基噻唑衍生物抗氧化剂的硅研究、分子对接及合成
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.14233/ajomc.2022.ajomc-p402
Dhanshri R. Mali, Anjali Popat Ghuhe, Nikita Murlidhar Khairnar, Sakshi Milind Kothawade
A series of novel 2-aminothiazole derivatives were synthesized by microwave assisted method as a green chemistry approach and characterized by spectral techniques and elemental analysis. The antioxidant potential of the derivatives was determined by using molecular docking against two different oxidoreductase protein (PDB: 2CDU and 3NM8). Compounds 3a and 3d show the stronger binding affinity to the target protein. The synthesized drug was pharmacologically evaluated for the antioxidant activity using ascorbic acid as a reference drug, where compound 3a showed the highest inhibition.
采用绿色化学方法,利用微波辅助合成了一系列新的2-氨基噻唑衍生物,并用光谱技术和元素分析对其进行了表征。通过分子对接两种不同的氧化还原酶蛋白(PDB: 2CDU和3NM8),测定了衍生物的抗氧化能力。化合物3a和3d与靶蛋白的结合亲和力较强。以抗坏血酸为对照药物对合成药物进行抗氧化活性药理学评价,其中化合物3a的抑制作用最强。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Biphenyl Derivatives ofHydrazine via Palladium Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling Reaction 钯催化Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应合成联苯肼衍生物及生物学评价
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.14233/ajomc.2022.ajomc-p395
M. Chauhan, N. Solanki
Generally, several methods for the construction of biphenyls, including Stille coupling, GombergBachmann reaction, Ullmann reaction and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling are reported. In present research, considering the particularities of these methods and the characteristics of the target compounds by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. To investigate the optimal conditions, a model reaction was performed using 1-bromo-4-iodobenzene and phenyl boronic acid under different conditions. The products were characterized by FT-IR, mass, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
一般报道了几种构建联苯的方法,包括Stille偶联、GombergBachmann反应、Ullmann反应和Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联。在本研究中,考虑到这些方法的特殊性和目标化合物的特点,通过Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应。以1-溴-4-碘苯和苯硼酸为原料,在不同条件下进行了模型反应。产物经FT-IR、质谱、1H NMR和13C NMR表征。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Asian Journal of Organic & Medicinal Chemistry
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